37 changed files with 9469 additions and 5302 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/api-docs.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/api-docs.yaml
@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ jobs:
    steps:
      -
        name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
      -
        name: Generate API documentation
-        run: npm install && npm run build:schema && npm run generate-docs
+        run: npm install && npm run generate-docs
      -
        name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
        if: success()
--- a/.github/workflows/nodejs-ci-action.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/nodejs-ci-action.yml
@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    strategy:
      matrix:
-        node-version: [20.x, 22.x, 24.x]
+        node-version: [12.x, 14.x, 16.x]
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
    - name: Test on Node.js ${{ matrix.node-version }}
-      uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+      uses: actions/setup-node@v1
      with:
        node-version: ${{ matrix.node-version }}
    - run: npm ci
@ -31,18 +31,18 @@ jobs:
    name: Code coverage
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
      with:
        submodules: true
    - name: Generate coverage report
-      uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+      uses: actions/setup-node@v1
      with:
-        node-version: 22.x
+        node-version: 16.x
    - run: npm ci
    - run: npm run build --if-present
    - run: npm run coverage
    - name: Upload coverage report to storage
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v1
      with:
        name: coverage
        path: coverage/lcov.info
@ -52,15 +52,15 @@ jobs:
    needs: coverage
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
    - name: Download coverage report from storage
-      uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@v1
      with:
        name: coverage
    - name: Upload coverage report to codacy
-      uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+      uses: actions/setup-node@v1
      with:
-        node-version: 22.x
+        node-version: 16.x
    - run: |
        ( [[ "${CODACY_PROJECT_TOKEN}" != ""  ]] && npm run coverage-publish ) || echo "Coverage report not published"
      env:
--- a/.github/workflows/publish-to-npm.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/publish-to-npm.yml
@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
 name: Publish to npmjs
 on:
 release:
   types: [created]
 jobs:
 build:
   runs-on: ubuntu-latest
   permissions:
     contents: read
     id-token: write
   steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
       with:
         node-version: '22.x'
         registry-url: 'https://registry.npmjs.org'
     - run: npm install -g npm
     - run: npm ci
     - run: npm publish --provenance --access public
       env:
         NODE_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CLOUDEVENTS_PUBLISH }}
--- a/.github/workflows/release-please.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-please.yml
@ -7,11 +7,9 @@ jobs:
  release-please:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: GoogleCloudPlatform/release-please-action@v3
+      - uses: GoogleCloudPlatform/release-please-action@v2.5.5
        id: release
        with:
-          token: ${{ secrets.CLOUDEVENTS_RELEASES_TOKEN }}
+          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
          release-type: node
          package-name: cloudevents
          signoff: "Lucas Holmquist <lholmqui@redhat.com>"
          changelog-types: '[{"type":"feat","section":"Features","hidden":false},{"type":"fix","section":"Bug Fixes","hidden":false},{"type":"docs","section":"Documentation","hidden":false},{"type":"chore","section":"Miscellaneous","hidden":false},{"type":"src","section":"Miscellaneous","hidden":false},{"type":"style","section":"Miscellaneous","hidden":false},{"type":"refactor","section":"Miscellaneous","hidden":false},{"type":"perf","section":"Performance","hidden":false},{"type":"test","section":"Tests","hidden":false}]'
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -91,6 +91,3 @@ typings/
 # Package lock
 package-lock.json
 # Jetbrains IDE directories
 .idea
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@ -2,160 +2,6 @@
 All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. See [standard-version](https://github.com/conventional-changelog/standard-version) for commit guidelines.
 ## [9.0.0](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/compare/v8.0.3...v9.0.0) (2025-04-03)
 ### ⚠ BREAKING CHANGES
 * remove node 16 ([#610](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/610))
 ### Features
 * remove node 16 ([#610](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/610)) ([3ff6fdd](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/3ff6fdd3bf1a9d77be9cd1d1ed589de47a86f7c1))
 ## [8.0.3](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/compare/v8.0.2...v8.0.3) (2025-04-02)
 ### Bug Fixes
 * add generics to `Binding` type ([#604](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/604)) ([f475cdf](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/f475cdfd7ee7e80a375b997ba2f41b1655a44a03))
 ## [8.0.2](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/compare/v8.0.1...v8.0.2) (2024-07-22)
 ### Bug Fixes
 * creating an event does not error when the event attribute name is too long ([#593](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/593)) ([6977113](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/6977113d7b49bd2b702632cc09e29cc0c003e2a1))
 ## [8.0.1](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/compare/v8.0.0...v8.0.1) (2024-06-12)
 ### Bug Fixes
 * allow Node 22 and use it by default ([#587](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/587)) ([e762607](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/e7626077ed22b2bcbfa71b0403a58ac187c57cba))
 ### Miscellaneous
 * Update compatible node version ([#573](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/573)) ([245bae9](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/245bae92d1c84b4a44fe7aae2f82c5a90818f1c5))
 * updated check mark symbol to show some green checkboxes ([#582](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/582)) ([c65afe9](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/c65afe94d2320eae9b8b74de9b1e1bd8793baa6a))
 ## [8.0.0](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/compare/v7.0.2...v8.0.0) (2023-07-24)
 ### ⚠ BREAKING CHANGES
 * use string instead of enum for Version ([#561](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/561)) ([15f6505](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/15f6505a580b2bbf8d6b2e89feea10cbd40ab827))
 TypeScript does not consider enum values equivalent, even if the string
 representation is the same. So, when a module imports `cloudevents` and
 also has a dependency on `cloudevents` this can cause conflicts where
 the `CloudEvent.version` attribute is not considered equal when, in
 fact, it is.
 ### Miscellaneous
 * add `npm run build:schema` to the doc generation action ([#557](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/557)) ([fa388f7](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/fa388f7dc65c1739864d7a885d6d28111ce07775))
 * modify release-please to use Signed-Off-By on commits ([#559](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/559)) ([089520a](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/089520a4cc8304e39ac9bfccf0ed59c76ea8c11a))
 * release 8.0.0 ([#563](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/563)) ([1ed43c8](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/1ed43c84868ccfd18531deaf6cc9d4e4fcb21a08))
 ## [7.0.2](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/compare/v7.0.1...v7.0.2) (2023-07-05)
 ### Miscellaneous
 * add the provenance flag when publishing to npm ([#556](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/556)) ([a0d8682](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/a0d86826138be31072c9a30edf26f4b91da576ed))
 * fix the release-please automation script. ([#554](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/554)) ([023171d](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/023171d9a08484c32e24f8228602ef4d5173c749))
 ## [7.0.1](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/compare/v7.0.0...v7.0.1) (2023-05-30)
 ### Bug Fixes
 * handle big integers in incoming events ([#495](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/495)) ([43c3584](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/43c3584b984aa170b1c1c4dff7218d027cd28d02))
 ### Miscellaneous
 * add publish automation ([#550](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/550)) ([3931b22](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/3931b224cb3140ad3ba759edcf564621a2e34542))
 * remove old Node versions from the readme ([#549](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/549)) ([11442d3](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/11442d32d307a0e8416ed573ce34fc825d3b63c4))
 * Update compatible node version ([#552](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/552)) ([f3659eb](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/f3659ebfc6251b4c57997f70709688916a061a2d))
 ## [7.0.0](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/compare/v6.0.4...v7.0.0) (2023-05-03)
 ### ⚠ BREAKING CHANGES
 * remove node 12 and node 14 ([#545](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/545))
 ### Features
 * remove node 12 and node 14 ([#545](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/545)) ([2cb9364](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/2cb9364a25a5e82f2a68504dbe19839a7fbfd9d4))
 ### Miscellaneous
 * add the build script to the pretest script. ([#539](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/539)) ([c06ffc1](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/c06ffc196389fedd7d5141d69fac3f4d95156193))
 * fix release-please-action ([#543](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/543)) ([ec83abc](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/ec83abc82799159aa1f64c791c92e035ef6f42b8))
 * release 6.0.5 ([#542](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/542)) ([343382e](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/343382ebdedc9a2efbc5b3ba5cd36e4e069fd38f))
 * release 7.0.0 ([#546](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/546)) ([0120d22](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/0120d224ab67e804e201625e0a9d59947a5a212d))
 * Update CI action to node 18.x ([#533](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/533)) ([7ff64f8](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/7ff64f8b82e1c5a824bbe985df4948d79e919e8c))
 ### [6.0.3](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/compare/v6.0.2...v6.0.3) (2023-02-16)
 ### Bug Fixes
 * improve validation on extension attribute ([#502](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/502)) ([ea94a4d](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/ea94a4d779d0744ef40abc81d08ab8b7e93e9133))
 * Make CloudEvent data field immutable and enumerable using Object.keys() ([#515](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/515)) ([#516](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/516)) ([2d5fab1](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/2d5fab1b7133241493bb9327aa26e7de4117616d))
 * This fixes bug [#525](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/525) where the browser version was breaking becuase of process not being found. ([#526](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/526)) ([e5ee836](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/e5ee8369ba5838aa24c2d99efeb81788757b71d1))
 ### Miscellaneous
 * added the engines property to the package.json ([bc3aaca](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/bc3aaca2ef250e4acd72b909488b326233237c83))
 * bump cucumber to full release version ([#514](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/514)) ([c09a9cc](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/c09a9cc20a601ddc36c5c1b56fb52dc9c2161e1b))
 * bump mocha to 10.1.0 ([#512](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/512)) ([4831e6a](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/4831e6a1a5003c4c1c7bcbd5a3a2fc5c48e0ba4c))
 * bump webpack to 5.74.0 ([#509](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/509)) ([760a024](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/760a0240674c79ca6be142ae9f9b242080c4d59d))
 * release 6.0.3 ([#503](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/503)) ([3619ef2](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/3619ef2bbd6e2b3e9e6e5bb5ad904689d40f4b79))
 * Typos ([953bc2a](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/953bc2a143a66d04d850c727305a5a465e843bff))
 * **examples:** add mqtt example ([#523](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/523)) ([b374d9a](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/b374d9ac3313023e4f8a59cb22785751bbb0f686))
 ### [6.0.3](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/compare/v6.0.2...v6.0.3) (2022-11-01)
 ### Bug Fixes
 * improve validation on extension attribute ([#502](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/502)) ([ea94a4d](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/ea94a4d779d0744ef40abc81d08ab8b7e93e9133))
 * Make CloudEvent data field immutable and enumerable using Object.keys() ([#515](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/515)) ([#516](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/516)) ([2d5fab1](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/2d5fab1b7133241493bb9327aa26e7de4117616d))
 ### Miscellaneous
 * bump cucumber to full release version ([#514](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/514)) ([c09a9cc](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/c09a9cc20a601ddc36c5c1b56fb52dc9c2161e1b))
 * bump mocha to 10.1.0 ([#512](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/512)) ([4831e6a](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/4831e6a1a5003c4c1c7bcbd5a3a2fc5c48e0ba4c))
 * bump webpack to 5.74.0 ([#509](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/509)) ([760a024](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/760a0240674c79ca6be142ae9f9b242080c4d59d))
 ### [6.0.2](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/compare/v6.0.1...v6.0.2) (2022-06-21)
 ### Bug Fixes
 * allow `TypedArray` for binary data ([#494](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/494)) ([921e273](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/921e273ede100ab9a262fdfa1f3d6561d3fab0f9))
 * HTTP headers for extensions with false values ([#493](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/493)) ([d6f52ca](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/d6f52ca65f893fdb581bf06b2ff97b3d6eeeb744))
 * package.json & package-lock.json to reduce vulnerabilities ([ed63f14](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/ed63f14339fb7774bff865726370fe72a49abca3))
 ### Miscellaneous
 * bump ajv and remove old dep dependency ([#496](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/496)) ([ce02e0a](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/ce02e0a1f3b24624bd8ba443c744b4a6c0cfcb44))
 * update owners ([#499](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/499)) ([a62eb44](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/a62eb4466985972cd3112e6f8e3e0b62cb01c1c1))
 ### [6.0.1](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/compare/v6.0.0...v6.0.1) (2022-03-21)
 ### Miscellaneous
 * update dependencies to inlude ajv-formats ([#484](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/484)) ([c0b1f77](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/commit/c0b1f7705a448dda3e6292d872a5bf435d26fab4)), closes [/github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/pull/471/files#diff-7ae45ad102eab3b6d7e7896acd08c427a9b25b346470d7bc6507b6481575d519R128](https://www.github.com/cloudevents//github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/pull/471/files/issues/diff-7ae45ad102eab3b6d7e7896acd08c427a9b25b346470d7bc6507b6481575d519R128)
 ## [6.0.0](https://www.github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/compare/v5.3.2...v6.0.0) (2022-03-21)
--- a/MAINTAINERS.md
+++ b/MAINTAINERS.md
@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
 # Maintainers
 Current active maintainers of this SDK:
 - [Lance Ball](https://github.com/lance)
 - [Daniel Bevenius](https://github.com/danbev)
 - [Lucas Holmquist](https://github.com/lholmquist)
 - [Fabio Jose](https://github.com/fabiojose)
 - [Helio Frota](https://github.com/helio-frota)
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ The CloudEvents SDK for JavaScript.
 - Represent CloudEvents in memory
 - Serialize and deserialize CloudEvents in different [event formats](https://github.com/cloudevents/spec/blob/v1.0/spec.md#event-format).
- Send and receive CloudEvents with via different [protocol bindings](https://github.com/cloudevents/spec/blob/v1.0/spec.md#protocol-binding).
+- Send and recieve CloudEvents with via different [protocol bindings](https://github.com/cloudevents/spec/blob/v1.0/spec.md#protocol-binding).
 _Note:_ Supports CloudEvent version 1.0
 ## Installation
 The CloudEvents SDK requires a current LTS version of Node.js. At the moment
-those are Node.js 16.x, and Node.js 18.x. To install in your Node.js project:
+those are Node.js 12.x, Node.js 14.x and Node.js 16.x. To install in your Node.js project:
 ```console
 npm install cloudevents
@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ The easiest way to send events is to use the built-in HTTP emitter.
 ```js
 const { httpTransport, emitterFor, CloudEvent } = require("cloudevents");
-// Create an emitter to send events to a receiver
+// Create an emitter to send events to an to a reciever
 const emit = emitterFor(httpTransport("https://my.receiver.com/endpoint"));
 // Create a new CloudEvent
@ -162,20 +162,6 @@ const event3 = new CloudEvent({
 });
 ```
 ### A Note About Big Integers
 When parsing JSON data, if a JSON field value is a number, and that number
 is really big, JavaScript loses precision. For example, the Twitter API exposes
 the Tweet ID. This is a large number that exceeds the integer space of `Number`.
 In order to address this situation, you can set the environment variable
 `CE_USE_BIG_INT` to the string value `"true"` to enable the use of the
 [`json-bigint`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/json-bigint) package. This
 package is not used by default due to the resulting slowdown in parse speed
 by a factor of 7x.
 See for more information: https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript/issues/489
 ### Example Applications
 There are a few trivial example applications in
@ -191,37 +177,37 @@ There you will find Express.js, TypeScript and Websocket examples.
 | Core Specification | [v0.3](https://github.com/cloudevents/spec/blob/v0.3/spec.md) | [v1.0](https://github.com/cloudevents/spec/blob/v1.0/spec.md) |
 | ------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| CloudEvents Core   | :white_check_mark:                                            | :white_check_mark:                                            |
+| CloudEvents Core   | :heavy_check_mark:                                            | :heavy_check_mark:                                            |
 ---
 | Event Formats     | [v0.3](https://github.com/cloudevents/spec/tree/v0.3) | [v1.0](https://github.com/cloudevents/spec/blob/v1.0/spec.md#event-format) |
 | ----------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- |
 | AVRO Event Format | :x:                                                   | :x:                                                   |
-| JSON Event Format | :white_check_mark:                                    | :white_check_mark:                                    |
+| JSON Event Format | :heavy_check_mark:                                    | :heavy_check_mark:                                    |
 ---
 | Protocol Bindings    | [v0.3](https://github.com/cloudevents/spec/tree/v0.3) | [v1.0](https://github.com/cloudevents/spec/blob/v1.0/spec.md#protocol-binding) |
 | ---------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- |
 | AMQP Protocol Binding  | :x:                                                   | :x:                                                   |
-| HTTP Protocol Binding  | :white_check_mark:                                    | :white_check_mark:                                    |
+| HTTP Protocol Binding  | :heavy_check_mark:                                    | :heavy_check_mark:                                    |
-| Kafka Protocol Binding | :x:                                                   | :white_check_mark:                                                   |
+| Kafka Protocol Binding | :x:                                                   | :heavy_check_mark:                                                   |
-| MQTT Protocol Binding  | :white_check_mark:                                                   | :x:                                                   |
+| MQTT Protocol Binding  | :heavy_check_mark:                                                   | :x:                                                   |
 | NATS Protocol Binding  | :x:                                                   | :x:                                                   |
 ---
 | Content Modes    | [v0.3](https://github.com/cloudevents/spec/tree/v0.3) | [v1.0](https://github.com/cloudevents/spec/blob/v1.0/http-protocol-binding.md#13-content-modes) |
 | ---------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- |
-| HTTP Binary  | :white_check_mark:                                                   | :white_check_mark:                                                   |
+| HTTP Binary  | :heavy_check_mark:                                                   | :heavy_check_mark:                                                   |
-| HTTP Structured  | :white_check_mark:                                    | :white_check_mark:                                    |
+| HTTP Structured  | :heavy_check_mark:                                    | :heavy_check_mark:                                    |
-| HTTP Batch  | :white_check_mark:                                    | :white_check_mark:                                    |
+| HTTP Batch  | :heavy_check_mark:                                    | :heavy_check_mark:                                    |
-| Kafka Binary  | :white_check_mark:                                                   | :white_check_mark:                                                   |
+| Kafka Binary  | :heavy_check_mark:                                                   | :heavy_check_mark:                                                   |
-| Kafka Structured  | :white_check_mark:                                    | :white_check_mark:                                    |
+| Kafka Structured  | :heavy_check_mark:                                    | :heavy_check_mark:                                    |
-| Kafka Batch  | :white_check_mark:                                    | :white_check_mark:
+| Kafka Batch  | :heavy_check_mark:                                    | :heavy_check_mark:  
-| MQTT Binary  | :white_check_mark:                                                   | :white_check_mark:                                                   |
+| MQTT Binary  | :heavy_check_mark:                                                   | :heavy_check_mark:                                                   |
-| MQTT Structured  | :white_check_mark:                                    | :white_check_mark:                                    |
+| MQTT Structured  | :heavy_check_mark:                                    | :heavy_check_mark:                                    |
 ## Community
@ -241,6 +227,7 @@ Currently active maintainers who may be found in the CNCF Slack.
 - Lance Ball (@lance)
 - Lucas Holmquist (@lholmquist)
 - Grant Timmerman (@grant)
 ## Contributing
@ -258,14 +245,3 @@ how SDK projects are
 for how PR reviews and approval, and our
 [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/cloudevents/spec/blob/master/community/GOVERNANCE.md#additional-information)
 information.
 If there is a security concern with one of the CloudEvents specifications, or
 with one of the project's SDKs, please send an email to
 [cncf-cloudevents-security@lists.cncf.io](mailto:cncf-cloudevents-security@lists.cncf.io).
 ## Additional SDK Resources
 - [List of current active maintainers](MAINTAINERS.md)
 - [How to contribute to the project](CONTRIBUTING.md)
 - [SDK's License](LICENSE)
 - [SDK's Release process](RELEASING.md)
--- a/RELEASE_GUIDELINES.md
+++ b/RELEASE_GUIDELINES.md
--- a/examples/express-ex/index.js
+++ b/examples/express-ex/index.js
@ -28,11 +28,11 @@ app.post("/", (req, res) => {
    const responseEventMessage = new CloudEvent({
      source: '/',
      type: 'event:response',
-      ...event,
+      ...event
      data: {
        hello: 'world'
      }
    });
    responseEventMessage.data = {
      hello: 'world'
    };
    // const message = HTTP.binary(responseEventMessage)
    const message = HTTP.structured(responseEventMessage)
--- a/examples/mqtt-ex/README.md
+++ b/examples/mqtt-ex/README.md
@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
 # MQTT Example
 The MQTT message protocol are available since v5.3.0
 ## How To Start
 Install and compile:
 ```bash
 npm install
 npm run compile
 ```
 Start a MQTT broker using Docker:
 ```bash
 docker run -it -d  -p 1883:1883 eclipse-mosquitto:2.0 mosquitto -c /mosquitto-no-auth.conf
 ```
 Then, start
 ```bash
 npm start
 ```
--- a/examples/mqtt-ex/package.json
+++ b/examples/mqtt-ex/package.json
@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
 {
  "name": "mqtt-ex",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "Simple mqtt example using CloudEvents types",
  "repository": "https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript.git",
  "main": "build/src/index.js",
  "types": "build/src/index.d.ts",
  "files": [
    "build/src"
  ],
  "license": "Apache-2.0",
  "keywords": [],
  "scripts": {
    "start": "node build/index.js",
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
    "check": "gts check",
    "clean": "gts clean",
    "compile": "tsc -p .",
    "watch": "tsc -p . --watch",
    "fix": "gts fix",
    "prepare": "npm run compile",
    "pretest": "npm run compile",
    "posttest": "npm run check"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@types/node": "^14.14.10",
    "@types/ws": "^8.5.4",
    "gts": "^3.0.3",
    "typescript": "~4.1.3"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "cloudevents": "^6.0.3",
    "mqtt": "^4.3.7"
  }
 }
--- a/examples/mqtt-ex/src/index.ts
+++ b/examples/mqtt-ex/src/index.ts
@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
 /* eslint-disable */
 import { CloudEvent, MQTT } from "cloudevents";
 import * as mqtt from "mqtt";
 const client = mqtt.connect("mqtt://localhost:1883");
 client.on("connect", function () {
  client.subscribe("presence", function (err) {
    if (err) return;
    const event = new CloudEvent({
      source: "presence",
      type: "presence.event",
      datacontenttype: "application/json",
      data: {
        hello: "world",
      },
    });
    const { body, headers } = MQTT.binary(event);
    client.publish("presence", JSON.stringify(body), {
      properties: {
        userProperties: headers as mqtt.UserProperties,
      },
    });
  });
 });
 client.on("message", function (topic, message, packet) {
  const event = MQTT.toEvent({
    body: JSON.parse(message.toString()),
    headers: packet.properties?.userProperties || {},
  });
  console.log(event);
  client.end();
 });
--- a/examples/mqtt-ex/tsconfig.json
+++ b/examples/mqtt-ex/tsconfig.json
@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
 {
  "extends": "./node_modules/gts/tsconfig-google.json",
  "compilerOptions": {
    "rootDir": "./src",
    "outDir": "./build/",
    "lib": [
      "es6",
      "dom"
    ]
  },
  "include": [
    "src/**/*.ts",
    "test/**/*.ts"
  ],
  "allowJs": true
 }
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "cloudevents",
-  "version": "9.0.0",
+  "version": "6.0.0",
  "description": "CloudEvents SDK for JavaScript",
  "main": "dist/index.js",
  "scripts": {
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
    "lint:js": "eslint 'src/**/*.{js,ts}' 'test/**/*.{js,ts}' cucumber.js",
    "lint:md": "remark .",
    "lint:fix": "eslint 'src/**/*.{js,ts}' 'test/**/*.{js,ts}' --fix",
-    "pretest": "npm run lint && npm run build && npm run conformance",
+    "pretest": "npm run lint && npm run conformance",
    "test": "mocha --require ts-node/register ./test/integration/**/*.ts",
    "test:one": "mocha --require ts-node/register",
    "conformance": "cucumber-js ./conformance/features/*-protocol-binding.feature -p default",
@ -110,19 +110,15 @@
  },
  "homepage": "https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-javascript#readme",
  "dependencies": {
-    "ajv": "^8.11.0",
+    "ajv": "^8.6.3",
    "ajv-formats": "^2.1.1",
    "process": "^0.11.10",
    "json-bigint": "^1.0.0",
    "util": "^0.12.4",
    "uuid": "^8.3.2"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
-    "@cucumber/cucumber": "^8.0.0",
+    "@cucumber/cucumber": "^8.0.0-rc.1",
    "@types/chai": "^4.2.11",
    "@types/cucumber": "^6.0.1",
    "@types/got": "^9.6.11",
    "@types/json-bigint": "^1.0.1",
    "@types/mocha": "^7.0.2",
    "@types/node": "^14.14.10",
    "@types/superagent": "^4.1.10",
@ -130,6 +126,7 @@
    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^4.29.0",
    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^4.29.0",
    "ajv-cli": "^5.0.0",
    "ajv-formats": "^2.1.1",
    "axios": "^0.26.1",
    "chai": "~4.2.0",
    "eslint": "^7.32.0",
@ -138,9 +135,9 @@
    "eslint-plugin-import": "^2.23.4",
    "eslint-plugin-node": "^11.1.0",
    "eslint-plugin-promise": "^5.1.0",
-    "got": "^11.8.5",
+    "got": "^11.7.0",
    "http-parser-js": "^0.5.2",
-    "mocha": "^10.1.0",
+    "mocha": "~9.2.0",
    "nock": "~12.0.3",
    "nyc": "~15.0.0",
    "prettier": "^2.0.5",
@ -149,17 +146,14 @@
    "remark-lint-list-item-indent": "^2.0.1",
    "remark-preset-lint-recommended": "^5.0.0",
    "superagent": "^7.1.1",
-    "ts-node": "^10.8.1",
+    "ts-node": "^8.10.2",
    "typedoc": "^0.22.11",
    "typescript": "^4.3.5",
-    "webpack": "^5.76.0",
+    "webpack": "^5.1.1",
-    "webpack-cli": "^4.10.0"
+    "webpack-cli": "^4.0.0"
  },
  "publishConfig": {
    "access": "public"
  },
-  "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
+  "types": "./dist/index.d.ts"
  "engines": {
    "node": ">=20 <=24"
  }
 }
--- a/src/constants.ts
+++ b/src/constants.ts
@ -54,7 +54,6 @@ const CONSTANTS = Object.freeze({
    DATA_SCHEMA: "dataschema",
    DATA_BASE64: "data_base64",
  },
  USE_BIG_INT_ENV: "CE_USE_BIG_INT"
 } as const);
 export default CONSTANTS;
--- a/src/event/cloudevent.ts
+++ b/src/event/cloudevent.ts
@ -9,13 +9,15 @@ import { Emitter } from "..";
 import { CloudEventV1 } from "./interfaces";
 import { validateCloudEvent } from "./spec";
-import { ValidationError, isBinary, asBase64, isValidType, base64AsBinary } from "./validation";
+import { ValidationError, isBinary, asBase64, isValidType } from "./validation";
 /**
- * Constants representing the CloudEvent specification version
+ * An enum representing the CloudEvent specification version
 */
-export const V1 = "1.0";
+export const enum Version {
-export const V03 = "0.3";
+  V1 = "1.0",
  V03 = "0.3",
 }
 /**
 * A CloudEvent describes event data in common formats to provide
@ -26,12 +28,12 @@ export class CloudEvent<T = undefined> implements CloudEventV1<T> {
  id: string;
  type: string;
  source: string;
-  specversion: string;
+  specversion: Version;
  datacontenttype?: string;
  dataschema?: string;
  subject?: string;
  time?: string;
-  data?: T;
+  #_data?: T;
  data_base64?: string;
  // Extensions should not exist as it's own object, but instead
@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ export class CloudEvent<T = undefined> implements CloudEventV1<T> {
    this.source = properties.source as string;
    delete (properties as any).source;
-    this.specversion = (properties.specversion) || V1;
+    this.specversion = (properties.specversion as Version) || Version.V1;
    delete properties.specversion;
    this.datacontenttype = properties.datacontenttype;
@ -83,35 +85,26 @@ export class CloudEvent<T = undefined> implements CloudEventV1<T> {
    delete properties.dataschema;
    this.data_base64 = properties.data_base64 as string;
    if (this.data_base64) {
      this.data = base64AsBinary(this.data_base64) as unknown as T;
    }
    delete properties.data_base64;
    this.schemaurl = properties.schemaurl as string;
    delete properties.schemaurl;
-    if (isBinary(properties.data)) {
+    this.data = properties.data;
      this.data_base64 = asBase64(properties.data as unknown as Buffer);
    }
    this.data = typeof properties.data !== "undefined" ? properties.data : this.data;
    delete properties.data;
    // sanity checking
-    if (this.specversion === V1 && this.schemaurl) {
+    if (this.specversion === Version.V1 && this.schemaurl) {
      throw new TypeError("cannot set schemaurl on version 1.0 event");
-    } else if (this.specversion === V03 && this.dataschema) {
+    } else if (this.specversion === Version.V03 && this.dataschema) {
      throw new TypeError("cannot set dataschema on version 0.3 event");
    }
    // finally process any remaining properties - these are extensions
    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(properties)) {
-      // Extension names must only allow lowercase a-z and 0-9 in the name
+      // Extension names should only allow lowercase a-z and 0-9 in the name
      // names should not exceed 20 characters in length
-      if (!key.match(/^[a-z0-9]+$/) && strict) {
+      if (!key.match(/^[a-z0-9]{1,20}$/) && strict) {
        throw new ValidationError(`invalid extension name: ${key}
 CloudEvents attribute names MUST consist of lower-case letters ('a' to 'z')
 or digits ('0' to '9') from the ASCII character set. Attribute names SHOULD
@ -134,6 +127,17 @@ See: https://github.com/cloudevents/spec/blob/v1.0/spec.md#type-system`);
    Object.freeze(this);
  }
  get data(): T | undefined {
    return this.#_data;
  }
  set data(value: T | undefined) {
    if (isBinary(value)) {
      this.data_base64 = asBase64(value);
    }
    this.#_data = value;
  }
  /**
   * Used by JSON.stringify(). The name is confusing, but this method is called by
   * JSON.stringify() when converting this object to JSON.
@ -143,11 +147,7 @@ See: https://github.com/cloudevents/spec/blob/v1.0/spec.md#type-system`);
  toJSON(): Record<string, unknown> {
    const event = { ...this };
    event.time = new Date(this.time as string).toISOString();
-
+    event.data = this.#_data;
    if (event.data_base64 && event.data) {
      delete event.data;
    }
    return event;
  }
@ -230,6 +230,9 @@ See: https://github.com/cloudevents/spec/blob/v1.0/spec.md#type-system`);
    event: CloudEventV1<any>,
    options: Partial<CloudEventV1<any>>,
    strict = true): CloudEvent<any> {
      if (event instanceof CloudEvent) {
        event = event.toJSON() as CloudEventV1<any>;
      }
      return new CloudEvent(Object.assign({}, event, options), strict);
    }
 }
--- a/src/event/spec.ts
+++ b/src/event/spec.ts
@ -6,23 +6,22 @@
 import { ValidationError } from "./validation";
 import { CloudEventV1 } from "./interfaces";
-import { V1 } from "./cloudevent";
+import { Version } from "./cloudevent";
 import validate from "../schema/v1";
 export function validateCloudEvent<T>(event: CloudEventV1<T>): boolean {
-  if (event.specversion === V1) {
+  if (event.specversion === Version.V1) {
    if (!validate(event)) {
      throw new ValidationError("invalid payload", (validate as any).errors);
    }
  } else {
    return false;
  }
-  // attribute names must all be [a-z|0-9]
+  // attribute names must all be lowercase
  const validation = /^[a-z0-9]+$/;
  for (const key in event) {
-    if (validation.test(key) === false && key !== "data_base64") {
+    if (key !== key.toLowerCase()) {
-      throw new ValidationError(`invalid attribute name: "${key}"`);
+      throw new ValidationError(`invalid attribute name: ${key}`);
    }
  }
  return true;
--- a/src/event/validation.ts
+++ b/src/event/validation.ts
@ -5,23 +5,6 @@
 import { ErrorObject } from "ajv";
 export type TypeArray = Int8Array | Uint8Array | Int16Array | Uint16Array | 
  Int32Array | Uint32Array | Uint8ClampedArray | Float32Array | Float64Array;
 const globalThisPolyfill = (function() {
  try {
    return globalThis;
  }
  catch (e) {
    try {
      return self;
    }
    catch (e) {
      return global;
    }
  }
 }());
 /**
 * An Error class that will be thrown when a CloudEvent
 * cannot be properly validated against a specification.
@ -53,7 +36,7 @@ export const isDefined = (v: unknown): boolean => v !== null && typeof v !== "un
 export const isBoolean = (v: unknown): boolean => typeof v === "boolean";
 export const isInteger = (v: unknown): boolean => Number.isInteger(v as number);
 export const isDate = (v: unknown): v is Date => v instanceof Date;
-export const isBinary = (v: unknown): boolean => ArrayBuffer.isView(v);
+export const isBinary = (v: unknown): v is Uint32Array => v instanceof Uint32Array;
 export const isStringOrThrow = (v: unknown, t: Error): boolean =>
  isString(v)
@ -90,7 +73,7 @@ export const isBase64 = (value: unknown): boolean =>
 export const isBuffer = (value: unknown): boolean => value instanceof Buffer;
-export const asBuffer = (value: string | Buffer | TypeArray): Buffer =>
+export const asBuffer = (value: string | Buffer | Uint32Array): Buffer =>
  isBinary(value)
    ? Buffer.from((value as unknown) as string)
    : isBuffer(value)
@ -99,16 +82,7 @@ export const asBuffer = (value: string | Buffer | TypeArray): Buffer =>
        throw new TypeError("is not buffer or a valid binary");
      })();
-export const base64AsBinary = (base64String: string): Uint8Array => {
+export const asBase64 = (value: string | Buffer | Uint32Array): string => asBuffer(value).toString("base64");
  const toBinaryString = (base64Str: string): string => globalThisPolyfill.atob
    ? globalThisPolyfill.atob(base64Str)
    : Buffer.from(base64Str, "base64").toString("binary");
  return Uint8Array.from(toBinaryString(base64String), (c) => c.charCodeAt(0));
 };
 export const asBase64 = 
 (value: string | Buffer | TypeArray): string => asBuffer(value).toString("base64");
 export const clone = (o: Record<string, unknown>): Record<string, unknown> => JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(o));
@ -123,5 +97,5 @@ export const asData = (data: unknown, contentType: string): string => {
  return isBinary(maybeJson) ? asBase64(maybeJson) : maybeJson;
 };
-export const isValidType = (v: boolean | number | string | Date | TypeArray | unknown): boolean =>
+export const isValidType = (v: boolean | number | string | Date | Uint32Array | unknown): boolean =>
  isBoolean(v) || isInteger(v) || isString(v) || isDate(v) || isBinary(v) || isObject(v);
--- a/src/index.ts
+++ b/src/index.ts
@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 */
-import { CloudEvent, V1, V03 } from "./event/cloudevent";
+import { CloudEvent, Version } from "./event/cloudevent";
 import { ValidationError } from "./event/validation";
 import { CloudEventV1, CloudEventV1Attributes } from "./event/interfaces";
@ -18,8 +18,7 @@ import CONSTANTS from "./constants";
 export {
  // From event
  CloudEvent,
-  V1,
+  Version,
  V03,
  ValidationError,
  Mode,
  HTTP,
--- a/src/message/http/headers.ts
+++ b/src/message/http/headers.ts
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 import { PassThroughParser, DateParser, MappedParser } from "../../parsers";
 import { CloudEventV1 } from "../..";
 import { Headers } from "../";
-import { V1 } from "../../event/cloudevent";
+import { Version } from "../../event/cloudevent";
 import CONSTANTS from "../../constants";
 export const allowedContentTypes = [CONSTANTS.DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE, CONSTANTS.MIME_JSON, CONSTANTS.MIME_OCTET_STREAM];
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ export const requiredHeaders = [
 export function headersFor<T>(event: CloudEventV1<T>): Headers {
  const headers: Headers = {};
  let headerMap: Readonly<{ [key: string]: MappedParser }>;
-  if (event.specversion === V1) {
+  if (event.specversion === Version.V1) {
    headerMap = v1headerMap;
  } else {
    headerMap = v03headerMap;
@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ export function headersFor<T>(event: CloudEventV1<T>): Headers {
  // iterate over the event properties - generate a header for each
  Object.getOwnPropertyNames(event).forEach((property) => {
    const value = event[property];
-    if (value !== undefined) {
+    if (value) {
      const map: MappedParser | undefined = headerMap[property] as MappedParser;
      if (map) {
        headers[map.name] = map.parser.parse(value as string) as string;
--- a/src/message/http/index.ts
+++ b/src/message/http/index.ts
@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 import { types } from "util";
-import { CloudEvent, CloudEventV1, CONSTANTS, Mode, V1, V03 } from "../..";
+import { CloudEvent, CloudEventV1, CONSTANTS, Mode, Version } from "../..";
 import { Message, Headers, Binding } from "..";
 import {
@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ function getVersion(mode: Mode, headers: Headers, body: string | Record<string,
      return (body as Record<string, string>).specversion;
    }
  }
-  return V1;
+  return Version.V1;
 }
 /**
@ -155,11 +155,11 @@ function getVersion(mode: Mode, headers: Headers, body: string | Record<string,
 * instance if it conforms to the Cloud Event specification for this receiver.
 *
 * @param {Message} message the incoming HTTP Message
- * @param {string} version the spec version of the incoming event
+ * @param {Version} version the spec version of the incoming event
 * @returns {CloudEvent} an instance of CloudEvent representing the incoming request
 * @throws {ValidationError} of the event does not conform to the spec
 */
-function parseBinary<T>(message: Message, version: string): CloudEvent<T> {
+function parseBinary<T>(message: Message, version: Version): CloudEvent<T> {
  const headers = { ...message.headers };
  let body = message.body;
@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ function parseBinary<T>(message: Message, version: string): CloudEvent<T> {
  const sanitizedHeaders = sanitize(headers);
  const eventObj: { [key: string]: unknown | string | Record<string, unknown> } = {};
-  const parserMap: Record<string, MappedParser> = version === V03 ? v03binaryParsers : v1binaryParsers;
+  const parserMap: Record<string, MappedParser> = version === Version.V03 ? v03binaryParsers : v1binaryParsers;
  for (const header in parserMap) {
    if (sanitizedHeaders[header]) {
@ -206,11 +206,11 @@ function parseBinary<T>(message: Message, version: string): CloudEvent<T> {
 * Creates a new CloudEvent instance based on the provided payload and headers.
 *
 * @param {Message} message the incoming Message
- * @param {string} version the spec version of this message (v1 or v03)
+ * @param {Version} version the spec version of this message (v1 or v03)
 * @returns {CloudEvent} a new CloudEvent instance for the provided headers and payload
 * @throws {ValidationError} if the payload and header combination do not conform to the spec
 */
-function parseStructured<T>(message: Message, version: string): CloudEvent<T> {
+function parseStructured<T>(message: Message, version: Version): CloudEvent<T> {
  const payload = message.body;
  const headers = message.headers;
@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ function parseStructured<T>(message: Message, version: string): CloudEvent<T> {
  const incoming = { ...(parser.parse(payload as string) as Record<string, unknown>) };
  const eventObj: { [key: string]: unknown } = {};
-  const parserMap: Record<string, MappedParser> = version === V03 ? v03structuredParsers : v1structuredParsers;
+  const parserMap: Record<string, MappedParser> = version === Version.V03 ? v03structuredParsers : v1structuredParsers;
  for (const key in parserMap) {
    const property = incoming[key];
--- a/src/message/index.ts
+++ b/src/message/index.ts
@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ export * from "./mqtt";
 * @property {@link Deserializer} `toEvent`  - converts a Message into a CloudEvent
 * @property {@link Detector} `isEvent`      - determines if a Message can be converted to a CloudEvent
 */
-export interface Binding<B extends Message = Message, S extends Message = Message> {
+export interface Binding {
-  binary: Serializer<B>;
+  binary: Serializer;
-  structured: Serializer<S>;
+  structured: Serializer;
  toEvent: Deserializer;
  isEvent: Detector;
 }
@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ export enum Mode {
 * CloudEvent into a Message.
 * @interface
 */
-export interface Serializer<M extends Message> {
+export interface Serializer {
-  <T>(event: CloudEventV1<T>): M;
+  <T>(event: CloudEventV1<T>): Message;
 }
 /**
--- a/src/message/kafka/index.ts
+++ b/src/message/kafka/index.ts
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ export type {
 * Bindings for Kafka transport
 * @implements {@linkcode Binding}
 */
- const Kafka: Binding<KafkaMessage<unknown>, KafkaMessage<string>> = {
+ const Kafka: Binding = {
  binary: toBinaryKafkaMessage,
  structured: toStructuredKafkaMessage,
  toEvent: deserializeKafkaMessage,
@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ type Key = string | Buffer;
 * Extends the base Message type to include
 * Kafka-specific fields
 */
-interface KafkaMessage<T = string | Buffer | unknown> extends Message {
+interface KafkaMessage<T = string> extends Message {
  key: Key
-  value: T
+  value: T | string | Buffer | unknown
  timestamp?: string
 }
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ interface KafkaEvent<T> extends CloudEventV1<T> {
 * @param {KafkaEvent<T>} event The event to serialize
 * @returns {KafkaMessage<T>} a KafkaMessage instance
 */
-function toBinaryKafkaMessage<T>(event: CloudEventV1<T>): KafkaMessage<T | undefined> {
+function toBinaryKafkaMessage<T>(event: CloudEventV1<T>): KafkaMessage<T> {
  // 3.2.1. Content Type
  // For the binary mode, the header content-type property MUST be mapped directly
  // to the CloudEvents datacontenttype attribute.
@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ function toBinaryKafkaMessage<T>(event: CloudEventV1<T>): KafkaMessage<T | undef
 * @param {CloudEvent<T>} event the CloudEvent to be serialized
 * @returns {KafkaMessage<T>} a KafkaMessage instance
 */
- function toStructuredKafkaMessage<T>(event: CloudEventV1<T>): KafkaMessage<string> {
+ function toStructuredKafkaMessage<T>(event: CloudEventV1<T>): KafkaMessage<T> {
  if ((event instanceof CloudEvent) && event.data_base64) {
    // The event's data is binary - delete it
    event = event.cloneWith({ data: undefined });
@ -130,9 +130,9 @@ function deserializeKafkaMessage<T>(message: Message): CloudEvent<T> | CloudEven
    case Mode.BINARY:
      return parseBinary(m);
    case Mode.STRUCTURED:
-      return parseStructured(m as unknown as KafkaMessage<string>);
+      return parseStructured(m);
    case Mode.BATCH:
-      return parseBatched(m as unknown as KafkaMessage<string>);
+      return parseBatched(m);
    default:
      throw new ValidationError("Unknown Message mode");
  }
@ -212,14 +212,14 @@ function parseBinary<T>(message: KafkaMessage<T>): CloudEvent<T> {
 * @param {KafkaMessage<T>} message the message
 * @returns {CloudEvent<T>} a KafkaEvent<T>
 */
-function parseStructured<T>(message: KafkaMessage<string>): CloudEvent<T> {
+function parseStructured<T>(message: KafkaMessage<T>): CloudEvent<T> {
  // Although the format of a structured encoded event could be something
  // other than JSON, e.g. XML, we currently only support JSON
  // encoded structured events.
  if (!message.headers[CONSTANTS.HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE]?.startsWith(CONSTANTS.MIME_CE_JSON)) {
    throw new ValidationError(`Unsupported event encoding ${message.headers[CONSTANTS.HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE]}`);
  }
-  const eventObj = JSON.parse(message.value);
+  const eventObj = JSON.parse(message.value as string);
  eventObj.time = new Date(eventObj.time).toISOString();
  return new CloudEvent({
    ...eventObj,
@ -232,14 +232,14 @@ function parseStructured<T>(message: KafkaMessage<string>): CloudEvent<T> {
 * @param {KafkaMessage<T>} message the message
 * @returns {CloudEvent<T>[]} an array of KafkaEvent<T>
 */
-function parseBatched<T>(message: KafkaMessage<string>): CloudEvent<T>[] {
+function parseBatched<T>(message: KafkaMessage<T>): CloudEvent<T>[] {
  // Although the format of batch encoded events could be something
  // other than JSON, e.g. XML, we currently only support JSON
  // encoded structured events.
  if (!message.headers[CONSTANTS.HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE]?.startsWith(CONSTANTS.MIME_CE_BATCH)) {
    throw new ValidationError(`Unsupported event encoding ${message.headers[CONSTANTS.HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE]}`);
  }
-  const events = JSON.parse(message.value) as Record<string, unknown>[];
+  const events = JSON.parse(message.value as string) as Record<string, unknown>[];
  return events.map((e) => new CloudEvent({ ...e, partitionkey: message.key }, false));
 }
--- a/src/message/mqtt/index.ts
+++ b/src/message/mqtt/index.ts
@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 */
 import { Binding, Deserializer, CloudEvent, CloudEventV1, CONSTANTS, Message, ValidationError, Headers } from "../..";
 import { base64AsBinary } from "../../event/validation";
 export {
  MQTT, MQTTMessageFactory
@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ export type { MQTTMessage };
 * Extends the base {@linkcode Message} interface to include MQTT attributes, some of which
 * are aliases of the {Message} attributes.
 */
-interface MQTTMessage<T = unknown> extends Message<T> {
+interface MQTTMessage<T> extends Message<T> {
  /**
   * Identifies this message as a PUBLISH packet. MQTTMessages created with
   * the `binary` and `structured` Serializers will contain a "Content Type"
@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ interface MQTTMessage<T = unknown> extends Message<T> {
 * Binding for MQTT transport support
 * @implements @linkcode Binding
 */
-const MQTT: Binding<MQTTMessage, MQTTMessage> = {
+const MQTT: Binding = {
  binary,
  structured,
  toEvent: toEvent as Deserializer,
@ -51,16 +50,14 @@ const MQTT: Binding<MQTTMessage, MQTTMessage> = {
 * @implements {Serializer}
 */
 function binary<T>(event: CloudEventV1<T>): MQTTMessage<T> {
-  const properties = { ...event };
+  let properties;
-
+  if (event instanceof CloudEvent) {
-  let body = properties.data as T;
+    properties = event.toJSON();
-
+  } else {
-  if (!body && properties.data_base64) {
+    properties = event;
    body = base64AsBinary(properties.data_base64) as unknown as T;
  }
-
+  const body = properties.data as T;
  delete properties.data;
  delete properties.data_base64;
  return MQTTMessageFactory(event.datacontenttype as string, properties, body);
 }
--- a/src/parsers.ts
+++ b/src/parsers.ts
@ -3,11 +3,9 @@
 SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 */
 import JSONbig from "json-bigint";
 import CONSTANTS from "./constants";
 import { isString, isDefinedOrThrow, isStringOrObjectOrThrow, ValidationError } from "./event/validation";
 const __JSON = JSON;
 export abstract class Parser {
  abstract parse(payload: Record<string, unknown> | string | string[] | undefined): unknown;
 }
@ -38,13 +36,6 @@ export class JSONParser implements Parser {
    isDefinedOrThrow(payload, new ValidationError("null or undefined payload"));
    isStringOrObjectOrThrow(payload, new ValidationError("invalid payload type, allowed are: string or object"));
    if (process.env[CONSTANTS.USE_BIG_INT_ENV] === "true") {
      JSON = JSONbig(({ useNativeBigInt: true })) as JSON;
    } else {
      JSON = __JSON;
    }
    const parseJSON = (v: Record<string, unknown> | string): string => (isString(v) ? JSON.parse(v as string) : v);
    return parseJSON(payload);
  }
--- a/test/integration/cloud_event_test.ts
+++ b/test/integration/cloud_event_test.ts
@ -7,39 +7,24 @@ import path from "path";
 import fs from "fs";
 import { expect } from "chai";
-import { CloudEvent, CloudEventV1, ValidationError, V1 } from "../../src";
+import { CloudEvent, ValidationError, Version } from "../../src";
 import { asBase64 } from "../../src/event/validation";
 const type = "org.cncf.cloudevents.example";
 const source = "http://unit.test";
 const id = "b46cf653-d48a-4b90-8dfa-355c01061361";
-const fixture = Object.freeze({
+const fixture = {
  id,
-  specversion: V1,
+  specversion: Version.V1,
  source,
  type,
-  data: `"some data"`
+  data: `"some data"`,
-});
+};
 const imageData = new Uint32Array(fs.readFileSync(path.join(process.cwd(), "test", "integration", "ce.png")));
 const image_base64 = asBase64(imageData);
 // Do not replace this with the assignment of a class instance
 // as we just want to test if we can enumerate all explicitly defined fields!
 const cloudEventV1InterfaceFields: (keyof CloudEventV1<unknown>)[] = Object.keys({
  id: "",
  type: "",
  data: undefined,
  data_base64: "",
  source: "",
  time: "",
  datacontenttype: "",
  dataschema: "",
  specversion: "",
  subject: ""
 } as Required<CloudEventV1<unknown>>);
 describe("A CloudEvent", () => {
  it("Can be constructed with a typed Message", () => {
    const ce = new CloudEvent(fixture);
@ -82,10 +67,10 @@ describe("A CloudEvent", () => {
    }).throw("invalid extension name");
  });
-  it("Not throw a validation error for invalid extension names, more than 20 chars", () => {
+  it("Throw a validation error for invalid extension names, more than 20 chars", () => {
    expect(() => {
      new CloudEvent({ "123456789012345678901": "extension1", ...fixture });
-    }).not.throw("invalid extension name");
+    }).throw("invalid extension name");
  });
  it("Throws a validation error for invalid uppercase extension names", () => {
@ -93,58 +78,6 @@ describe("A CloudEvent", () => {
      new CloudEvent({ ExtensionWithCaps: "extension value", ...fixture });
    }).throw("invalid extension name");
  });
  it("CloudEventV1 interface fields should be enumerable", () => {
    const classInstanceKeys = Object.keys(new CloudEvent({ ...fixture }));
    for (const key of cloudEventV1InterfaceFields) {
      expect(classInstanceKeys).to.contain(key);
    }
  });
  it("throws TypeError on trying to set any field value", () => {
    const ce = new CloudEvent({
      ...fixture,
      mycustomfield: "initialValue"
    });
    const keySet = new Set([...cloudEventV1InterfaceFields, ...Object.keys(ce)]);
    expect(keySet).not.to.be.empty;
    for (const cloudEventKey of keySet) {
      let threw = false;
      try {
        ce[cloudEventKey] = "newValue";
      } catch (err) {
        threw = true;
        expect(err).to.be.instanceOf(TypeError);
        expect((err as TypeError).message).to.include("Cannot assign to read only property");
      }
      if (!threw) {
        expect.fail(`Assigning a value to ${cloudEventKey} did not throw`);
      }
    }
  });
  describe("toJSON()", () => {
    it("does not return data field if data_base64 field is set to comply with JSON format spec 3.1.1", () => {
      const binaryData = new Uint8Array([1,2,3]);
      const ce = new CloudEvent({
        ...fixture,
        data: binaryData
      });
      expect(ce.data).to.be.equal(binaryData);
      const json = ce.toJSON();
      expect(json.data).to.not.exist;
      expect(json.data_base64).to.be.equal("AQID");
    });
  });
 });
 describe("A 1.0 CloudEvent", () => {
@ -165,7 +98,7 @@ describe("A 1.0 CloudEvent", () => {
  });
  it("can be constructed with an ID", () => {
-    const ce = new CloudEvent({ id: "1234", specversion: V1, source, type });
+    const ce = new CloudEvent({ id: "1234", specversion: Version.V1, source, type });
    expect(ce.id).to.equal("1234");
  });
@ -280,7 +213,7 @@ describe("A 1.0 CloudEvent", () => {
    const obj = JSON.parse(json as string);
    expect(obj.type).to.equal(type);
    expect(obj.source).to.equal(source);
-    expect(obj.specversion).to.equal(V1);
+    expect(obj.specversion).to.equal(Version.V1);
  });
  it("throws if the provded source is empty string", () => {
--- a/test/integration/emitter_singleton_test.ts
+++ b/test/integration/emitter_singleton_test.ts
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ describe("Emitter Singleton", () => {
    if (typeof body === "string") {
      body = JSON.parse(body);
    }
-    assertStructured({ ...(body as any), ...(msg as Message).headers });
+    assertStructured({ ...(<any>body), ...(msg as Message).headers });
  });
  it("emit a Node.js 'cloudevent' event as an EventEmitter with ensureDelivery", async () => {
@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ describe("Emitter Singleton", () => {
    if (typeof body === "string") {
      body = JSON.parse(body);
    }
-    assertStructured({ ...(body as any), ...(msg as Message).headers });
+    assertStructured({ ...(<any>body), ...(msg as Message).headers });
  });
  it("emit a Node.js 'cloudevent' event as an EventEmitter with ensureDelivery Error", async () => {
--- a/test/integration/kafka_tests.ts
+++ b/test/integration/kafka_tests.ts
@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import path from "path";
 import fs from "fs";
 import { expect } from "chai";
-import { CloudEvent, CONSTANTS, V1 } from "../../src";
+import { CloudEvent, CONSTANTS, Version } from "../../src";
 import { asBase64 } from "../../src/event/validation";
 import { Message, Kafka, KafkaMessage, KafkaEvent } from "../../src/message";
 import { KAFKA_CE_HEADERS } from "../../src/message/kafka/headers";
@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ const imageData = new Uint32Array(fs.readFileSync(path.join(process.cwd(), "test
 const image_base64 = asBase64(imageData);
 const fixture = new CloudEvent({
-  specversion: V1,
+  specversion: Version.V1,
  id,
  type,
  source,
@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ describe("Kafka transport", () => {
    expect(event.LUNCH).to.equal("tacos");
    expect(function () {
      event.validate();
-    }).to.throw("invalid attribute name: \"LUNCH\"");
+    }).to.throw("invalid attribute name: LUNCH");
  });
  it("Can detect CloudEvent binary Messages with weird versions", () => {
@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ describe("Kafka transport", () => {
    expect(message.body).to.equal(data);
    // validate all headers
    expect(message.headers[CONSTANTS.HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE]).to.equal(datacontenttype);
-    expect(message.headers[KAFKA_CE_HEADERS.SPEC_VERSION]).to.equal(V1);
+    expect(message.headers[KAFKA_CE_HEADERS.SPEC_VERSION]).to.equal(Version.V1);
    expect(message.headers[KAFKA_CE_HEADERS.ID]).to.equal(id);
    expect(message.headers[KAFKA_CE_HEADERS.TYPE]).to.equal(type);
    expect(message.headers[KAFKA_CE_HEADERS.SOURCE]).to.equal(source);
@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ describe("Kafka transport", () => {
    expect(message.headers[CONSTANTS.HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE]).to.equal(CONSTANTS.DEFAULT_CE_CONTENT_TYPE);
    // Parse the message body as JSON, then validate the attributes
    const body = JSON.parse(message.body as string);
-    expect(body[CONSTANTS.CE_ATTRIBUTES.SPEC_VERSION]).to.equal(V1);
+    expect(body[CONSTANTS.CE_ATTRIBUTES.SPEC_VERSION]).to.equal(Version.V1);
    expect(body[CONSTANTS.CE_ATTRIBUTES.ID]).to.equal(id);
    expect(body[CONSTANTS.CE_ATTRIBUTES.TYPE]).to.equal(type);
    expect(body[CONSTANTS.CE_ATTRIBUTES.SOURCE]).to.equal(source);
--- a/test/integration/message_test.ts
+++ b/test/integration/message_test.ts
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import fs from "fs";
 import { expect } from "chai";
 import { IncomingHttpHeaders } from "http";
-import { CloudEvent, CONSTANTS, V1, V03 } from "../../src";
+import { CloudEvent, CONSTANTS, Version } from "../../src";
 import { asBase64 } from "../../src/event/validation";
 import { Message, HTTP } from "../../src/message";
@ -41,60 +41,6 @@ const imageData = new Uint32Array(fs.readFileSync(path.join(process.cwd(), "test
 const image_base64 = asBase64(imageData);
 describe("HTTP transport", () => {
  it("validates extension attribute names for incoming messages", () => {
    // create a new Message
    const msg: Message = {
      headers: {
        "ce-id": "213",
        "ce-source": "test",
        "ce-type": "test",
        "ce-bad-extension": "value"
      },
      body: undefined
    };
    const evt = HTTP.toEvent(msg) as CloudEvent;
    expect(() => evt.validate()).to.throw(TypeError);
  });
  it("Includes extensions in binary mode when type is 'boolean' with a false value", () => {
    const evt = new CloudEvent({ source: "test", type: "test", extboolean: false });
    expect(evt.hasOwnProperty("extboolean")).to.equal(true);
    expect(evt["extboolean"]).to.equal(false);
    const message = HTTP.binary(evt);
    expect(message.headers.hasOwnProperty("ce-extboolean")).to.equal(true);
    expect(message.headers["ce-extboolean"]).to.equal(false);
  });
  it("Includes extensions in structured when type is 'boolean' with a false value", () => {
    const evt = new CloudEvent({ source: "test", type: "test", extboolean: false });
    expect(evt.hasOwnProperty("extboolean")).to.equal(true);
    expect(evt["extboolean"]).to.equal(false);
    const message = HTTP.structured(evt);
    const body = JSON.parse(message.body as string);
    expect(body.hasOwnProperty("extboolean")).to.equal(true);
    expect(body.extboolean).to.equal(false);
  });
  it("Handles big integers in structured mode", () => {
    process.env[CONSTANTS.USE_BIG_INT_ENV] = "true";
    const ce = HTTP.toEvent({
      headers: { "content-type": "application/cloudevents+json" },
      body: `{"data": 1524831183200260097}`
    }) as CloudEvent;
    expect(ce.data).to.equal(1524831183200260097n);
    process.env[CONSTANTS.USE_BIG_INT_ENV] = undefined;
  });
  it("Handles big integers in binary mode", () => {
    process.env[CONSTANTS.USE_BIG_INT_ENV] = "true";
    const ce = HTTP.toEvent({
      headers: { "content-type": "application/json", "ce-id": "1234" },
      body: `{"data": 1524831183200260097}`
    }) as CloudEvent<Record<string, never>>;
    expect((ce.data as Record<string, never>).data).to.equal(1524831183200260097n);
    process.env[CONSTANTS.USE_BIG_INT_ENV] = undefined;
  });
  it("Handles events with no content-type and no datacontenttype", () => {
    const body = "{Something[Not:valid}JSON";
    const message: Message<undefined> = {
@ -154,7 +100,7 @@ describe("HTTP transport", () => {
        [CONSTANTS.CE_HEADERS.ID]: "1234",
        [CONSTANTS.CE_HEADERS.SOURCE]: "test",
        [CONSTANTS.CE_HEADERS.TYPE]: "test.event",
-        [CONSTANTS.CE_HEADERS.SPEC_VERSION]: V1,
+        [CONSTANTS.CE_HEADERS.SPEC_VERSION]: Version.V1,
        "ce-LUNCH": "tacos",
      },
    };
@ -163,7 +109,7 @@ describe("HTTP transport", () => {
    expect(event.LUNCH).to.equal("tacos");
    expect(function () {
      event.validate();
-    }).to.throw("invalid attribute name: \"LUNCH\"");
+    }).to.throw("invalid attribute name: LUNCH");
  });
  it("Can detect CloudEvent binary Messages with weird versions", () => {
@ -237,7 +183,7 @@ describe("HTTP transport", () => {
      id,
      type,
      source,
-      specversion: V1,
+      specversion: Version.V1,
      data: { lunch: "tacos" },
    });
    const message: Message<undefined> = {
@ -250,7 +196,7 @@ describe("HTTP transport", () => {
  describe("Specification version V1", () => {
    const fixture = new CloudEvent({
-      specversion: V1,
+      specversion: Version.V1,
      id,
      type,
      source,
@ -268,7 +214,7 @@ describe("HTTP transport", () => {
      expect(message.body).to.equal(JSON.stringify(data));
      // validate all headers
      expect(message.headers[CONSTANTS.HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE]).to.equal(datacontenttype);
-      expect(message.headers[CONSTANTS.CE_HEADERS.SPEC_VERSION]).to.equal(V1);
+      expect(message.headers[CONSTANTS.CE_HEADERS.SPEC_VERSION]).to.equal(Version.V1);
      expect(message.headers[CONSTANTS.CE_HEADERS.ID]).to.equal(id);
      expect(message.headers[CONSTANTS.CE_HEADERS.TYPE]).to.equal(type);
      expect(message.headers[CONSTANTS.CE_HEADERS.SOURCE]).to.equal(source);
@ -284,7 +230,7 @@ describe("HTTP transport", () => {
      expect(message.headers[CONSTANTS.HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE]).to.equal(CONSTANTS.DEFAULT_CE_CONTENT_TYPE);
      // Parse the message body as JSON, then validate the attributes
      const body = JSON.parse(message.body as string);
-      expect(body[CONSTANTS.CE_ATTRIBUTES.SPEC_VERSION]).to.equal(V1);
+      expect(body[CONSTANTS.CE_ATTRIBUTES.SPEC_VERSION]).to.equal(Version.V1);
      expect(body[CONSTANTS.CE_ATTRIBUTES.ID]).to.equal(id);
      expect(body[CONSTANTS.CE_ATTRIBUTES.TYPE]).to.equal(type);
      expect(body[CONSTANTS.CE_ATTRIBUTES.SOURCE]).to.equal(source);
@ -353,7 +299,7 @@ describe("HTTP transport", () => {
  describe("Specification version V03", () => {
    const fixture = new CloudEvent({
-      specversion: V03,
+      specversion: Version.V03,
      id,
      type,
      source,
@ -371,7 +317,7 @@ describe("HTTP transport", () => {
      expect(message.body).to.equal(JSON.stringify(data));
      // validate all headers
      expect(message.headers[CONSTANTS.HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE]).to.equal(datacontenttype);
-      expect(message.headers[CONSTANTS.CE_HEADERS.SPEC_VERSION]).to.equal(V03);
+      expect(message.headers[CONSTANTS.CE_HEADERS.SPEC_VERSION]).to.equal(Version.V03);
      expect(message.headers[CONSTANTS.CE_HEADERS.ID]).to.equal(id);
      expect(message.headers[CONSTANTS.CE_HEADERS.TYPE]).to.equal(type);
      expect(message.headers[CONSTANTS.CE_HEADERS.SOURCE]).to.equal(source);
@ -387,7 +333,7 @@ describe("HTTP transport", () => {
      expect(message.headers[CONSTANTS.HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE]).to.equal(CONSTANTS.DEFAULT_CE_CONTENT_TYPE);
      // Parse the message body as JSON, then validate the attributes
      const body = JSON.parse(message.body as string);
-      expect(body[CONSTANTS.CE_ATTRIBUTES.SPEC_VERSION]).to.equal(V03);
+      expect(body[CONSTANTS.CE_ATTRIBUTES.SPEC_VERSION]).to.equal(Version.V03);
      expect(body[CONSTANTS.CE_ATTRIBUTES.ID]).to.equal(id);
      expect(body[CONSTANTS.CE_ATTRIBUTES.TYPE]).to.equal(type);
      expect(body[CONSTANTS.CE_ATTRIBUTES.SOURCE]).to.equal(source);
--- a/test/integration/mqtt_tests.ts
+++ b/test/integration/mqtt_tests.ts
@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import path from "path";
 import fs from "fs";
 import { expect } from "chai";
-import { CloudEvent, CONSTANTS, V1, Headers } from "../../src";
+import { CloudEvent, CONSTANTS, Version, Headers } from "../../src";
 import { asBase64 } from "../../src/event/validation";
 import { Message, MQTT, MQTTMessage } from "../../src/message";
@ -32,18 +32,18 @@ const ext2Name = "extension2";
 const ext2Value = "acme";
 // Binary data as base64
-const dataBinary = Uint8Array.from(JSON.stringify(data), (c) => c.codePointAt(0) as number);
+const dataBinary = Uint32Array.from(JSON.stringify(data), (c) => c.codePointAt(0) as number);
 const data_base64 = asBase64(dataBinary);
 // Since the above is a special case (string as binary), let's test
 // with a real binary file one is likely to encounter in the wild
-const imageData = new Uint8Array(fs.readFileSync(path.join(process.cwd(), "test", "integration", "ce.png")));
+const imageData = new Uint32Array(fs.readFileSync(path.join(process.cwd(), "test", "integration", "ce.png")));
 const image_base64 = asBase64(imageData);
 const PUBLISH = {"Content Type": "application/json; charset=utf-8"};
 const fixture = new CloudEvent({
-  specversion: V1,
+  specversion: Version.V1,
  id,
  type,
  source,
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ describe("MQTT transport", () => {
    expect(event.LUNCH).to.equal("tacos");
    expect(function () {
      event.validate();
-    }).to.throw("invalid attribute name: \"LUNCH\"");
+    }).to.throw("invalid attribute name: LUNCH");
  });
  it("Can detect CloudEvent binary Messages with weird versions", () => {
@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ describe("MQTT transport", () => {
    expect(message.body).to.equal(data);
    // validate all headers
    expect(message.headers.datacontenttype).to.equal(datacontenttype);
-    expect(message.headers.specversion).to.equal(V1);
+    expect(message.headers.specversion).to.equal(Version.V1);
    expect(message.headers.id).to.equal(id);
    expect(message.headers.type).to.equal(type);
    expect(message.headers.source).to.equal(source);
@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ describe("MQTT transport", () => {
    expect(message.body).to.equal(data);
    // validate all headers
    expect(message["User Properties"]?.datacontenttype).to.equal(datacontenttype);
-    expect(message["User Properties"]?.specversion).to.equal(V1);
+    expect(message["User Properties"]?.specversion).to.equal(Version.V1);
    expect(message["User Properties"]?.id).to.equal(id);
    expect(message["User Properties"]?.type).to.equal(type);
    expect(message["User Properties"]?.source).to.equal(source);
@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ describe("MQTT transport", () => {
    expect(message.body).to.deep.equal(message.payload);
    expect(message.payload).to.deep.equal(fixture.toJSON());
    const body = message.body as Record<string, string>;
-    expect(body[CONSTANTS.CE_ATTRIBUTES.SPEC_VERSION]).to.equal(V1);
+    expect(body[CONSTANTS.CE_ATTRIBUTES.SPEC_VERSION]).to.equal(Version.V1);
    expect(body[CONSTANTS.CE_ATTRIBUTES.ID]).to.equal(id);
    expect(body[CONSTANTS.CE_ATTRIBUTES.TYPE]).to.equal(type);
    expect(body[CONSTANTS.CE_ATTRIBUTES.SOURCE]).to.equal(source);
@ -281,14 +281,14 @@ describe("MQTT transport", () => {
  it("Converts base64 encoded data to binary when deserializing structured messages", () => {
    const message = MQTT.structured(fixture.cloneWith({ data: imageData, datacontenttype: "image/png" }));
-    const eventDeserialized = MQTT.toEvent(message) as CloudEvent<Uint8Array>;
+    const eventDeserialized = MQTT.toEvent(message) as CloudEvent<Uint32Array>;
    expect(eventDeserialized.data).to.deep.equal(imageData);
    expect(eventDeserialized.data_base64).to.equal(image_base64);
  });
  it("Converts base64 encoded data to binary when deserializing binary messages", () => {
    const message = MQTT.binary(fixture.cloneWith({ data: imageData, datacontenttype: "image/png" }));
-    const eventDeserialized = MQTT.toEvent(message) as CloudEvent<Uint8Array>;
+    const eventDeserialized = MQTT.toEvent(message) as CloudEvent<Uint32Array>;
    expect(eventDeserialized.data).to.deep.equal(imageData);
    expect(eventDeserialized.data_base64).to.equal(image_base64);
  });
@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ describe("MQTT transport", () => {
  it("Does not parse binary data from binary messages with content type application/json", () => {
    const message = MQTT.binary(fixture.cloneWith({ data: dataBinary }));
-    const eventDeserialized = MQTT.toEvent(message) as CloudEvent<Uint8Array>;
+    const eventDeserialized = MQTT.toEvent(message) as CloudEvent<Uint32Array>;
    expect(eventDeserialized.data).to.deep.equal(dataBinary);
    expect(eventDeserialized.data_base64).to.equal(data_base64);
  });
--- a/test/integration/parser_test.ts
+++ b/test/integration/parser_test.ts
@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ describe("JSON Event Format Parser", () => {
    const parser = new Parser();
    // TODO: Should the parser catch the SyntaxError and re-throw a ValidationError?
-    expect(parser.parse.bind(parser, payload)).to.throw(SyntaxError);
+    expect(parser.parse.bind(parser, payload)).to.throw(SyntaxError, "Unexpected token g in JSON at position 1");
  });
  it("Accepts a string as valid JSON", () => {
--- a/test/integration/sdk_test.ts
+++ b/test/integration/sdk_test.ts
@ -5,13 +5,13 @@
 import "mocha";
 import { expect } from "chai";
-import { CloudEvent, CloudEventV1, V1, V03 } from "../../src";
+import { CloudEvent, CloudEventV1, Version } from "../../src";
 const fixture: CloudEventV1<undefined> = {
  id: "123",
  type: "org.cloudevents.test",
  source: "http://cloudevents.io",
-  specversion: V1,
+  specversion: Version.V1,
 };
 describe("The SDK Requirements", () => {
@ -25,15 +25,15 @@ describe("The SDK Requirements", () => {
      expect(
        new CloudEvent({
          ...fixture,
-          specversion: V03,
+          specversion: Version.V03,
        }, false).specversion,
-      ).to.equal(V03);
+      ).to.equal(Version.V03);
    });
  });
  describe("v1.0", () => {
    it("should create an event using the right spec version", () => {
-      expect(new CloudEvent(fixture).specversion).to.equal(V1);
+      expect(new CloudEvent(fixture).specversion).to.equal(Version.V1);
    });
  });
--- a/test/integration/spec_1_tests.ts
+++ b/test/integration/spec_1_tests.ts
@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 import "mocha";
 import { expect } from "chai";
-import { CloudEvent, V1, ValidationError } from "../../src";
+import { CloudEvent, Version, ValidationError } from "../../src";
 import { asBase64 } from "../../src/event/validation";
 import Constants from "../../src/constants";
@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ const data = {
 };
 const subject = "subject-x0";
-const cloudevent = new CloudEvent({
+let cloudevent = new CloudEvent({
-  specversion: V1,
+  specversion: Version.V1,
  id,
  source,
  type,
@ -99,16 +99,6 @@ describe("CloudEvents Spec v1.0", () => {
    it("should be ok when the type is an string converted from an object", () => {
      expect(cloudevent.cloneWith({ objectextension: JSON.stringify({ some: "object" }) }).validate()).to.equal(true);
    });
    it("should only allow a-z|0-9 in the attribute names", () => {
      const testCases = [
        "an extension", "an_extension", "an-extension", "an.extension", "an+extension"
      ];
      testCases.forEach((testCase) => {
        const evt = cloudevent.cloneWith({ [testCase]: "a value"}, false);
        expect(() => evt.validate()).to.throw(ValidationError);
      });
    });
  });
  describe("The Constraints check", () => {
@ -120,8 +110,8 @@ describe("CloudEvents Spec v1.0", () => {
      });
      it("defaut ID create when an empty string", () => {
-        const testEvent = cloudevent.cloneWith({ id: "" });
+        cloudevent = cloudevent.cloneWith({ id: "" });
-        expect(testEvent.id.length).to.be.greaterThan(0);
+        expect(cloudevent.id.length).to.be.greaterThan(0);
      });
    });
@ -160,11 +150,11 @@ describe("CloudEvents Spec v1.0", () => {
    describe("'time'", () => {
      it("must adhere to the format specified in RFC 3339", () => {
        const d = new Date();
-        const testEvent = cloudevent.cloneWith({ time: d.toString() }, false);
+        cloudevent = cloudevent.cloneWith({ time: d.toString() }, false);
        // ensure that we always get back the same thing we passed in
-        expect(testEvent.time).to.equal(d.toString());
+        expect(cloudevent.time).to.equal(d.toString());
        // ensure that when stringified, the timestamp is in RFC3339 format
-        expect(JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(testEvent)).time).to.equal(new Date(d.toString()).toISOString());
+        expect(JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(cloudevent)).time).to.equal(new Date(d.toString()).toISOString());
      });
    });
  });
@ -183,60 +173,14 @@ describe("CloudEvents Spec v1.0", () => {
      expect(typeof ce.data).to.equal("string");
    });
    it("should be ok when type is 'Uint32Array' for 'Binary'", () => {
      const dataString = ")(*~^my data for ce#@#$%";
    const testCases = [
      {
        type: Int8Array,
        data: Int8Array.from(dataString, (c) => c.codePointAt(0) as number),
        expected: asBase64(Int8Array.from(dataString, (c) => c.codePointAt(0) as number))
      },
      {
        type: Uint8Array,
        data: Uint8Array.from(dataString, (c) => c.codePointAt(0) as number),
        expected: asBase64(Uint8Array.from(dataString, (c) => c.codePointAt(0) as number))
      },
      {
        type: Int16Array,
        data: Int16Array.from(dataString, (c) => c.codePointAt(0) as number),
        expected: asBase64(Int16Array.from(dataString, (c) => c.codePointAt(0) as number))
      },
      {
        type: Uint16Array,
        data: Uint16Array.from(dataString, (c) => c.codePointAt(0) as number),
        expected: asBase64(Uint16Array.from(dataString, (c) => c.codePointAt(0) as number))
      },
      {
        type: Int32Array,
        data: Int32Array.from(dataString, (c) => c.codePointAt(0) as number),
        expected: asBase64(Int32Array.from(dataString, (c) => c.codePointAt(0) as number))
      },
      {
        type: Uint32Array,
        data: Uint32Array.from(dataString, (c) => c.codePointAt(0) as number),
        expected: asBase64(Uint32Array.from(dataString, (c) => c.codePointAt(0) as number))
      },
      {
        type: Uint8ClampedArray,
        data: Uint8ClampedArray.from(dataString, (c) => c.codePointAt(0) as number),
        expected: asBase64(Uint8ClampedArray.from(dataString, (c) => c.codePointAt(0) as number))
      },
      {
        type: Float32Array,
        data: Float32Array.from(dataString, (c) => c.codePointAt(0) as number),
        expected: asBase64(Float32Array.from(dataString, (c) => c.codePointAt(0) as number))
      },
      {
        type: Float64Array,
        data: Float64Array.from(dataString, (c) => c.codePointAt(0) as number),
        expected: asBase64(Float64Array.from(dataString, (c) => c.codePointAt(0) as number))
      },
    ];
-    testCases.forEach((test) => {
+      const dataBinary = Uint32Array.from(dataString, (c) => c.codePointAt(0) as number);
-      it(`should be ok when type is '${test.type.name}' for 'Binary'`, () => {
+      const expected = asBase64(dataBinary);
-        const ce = cloudevent.cloneWith({ datacontenttype: "text/plain", data: test.data });
+
-        expect(ce.data_base64).to.equal(test.expected);
+      const ce = cloudevent.cloneWith({ datacontenttype: "text/plain", data: dataBinary });
-      });
+      expect(ce.data_base64).to.equal(expected);
    });
  });
 });
--- a/tsconfig.json
+++ b/tsconfig.json
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "compilerOptions": {
-    "target": "ES2020",                       /* Specify ECMAScript target version: 'ES3' (default), 'ES5', 'ES2015', 'ES2016', 'ES2017', 'ES2018', 'ES2019', 'ES2020', or 'ESNEXT'. */
+    "target": "ES2016",                       /* Specify ECMAScript target version: 'ES3' (default), 'ES5', 'ES2015', 'ES2016', 'ES2017', 'ES2018', 'ES2019', 'ES2020', or 'ESNEXT'. */
    "module": "commonjs",                     /* Specify module code generation: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es2015', 'es2020', or 'ESNext'. */
    "allowJs": true,                          /* Allow javascript files to be compiled. */
    "checkJs": false,                          /* Report errors in .js files. */
--- a/webpack.config.js
+++ b/webpack.config.js
@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 const path = require("path");
 const webpack = require("webpack");
 module.exports = {
  entry: {
@ -12,11 +11,6 @@ module.exports = {
      https: false
    },
  },
  plugins: [
    new webpack.ProvidePlugin({
      process: 'process/browser'
    })
  ],
  output: {
    path: path.resolve(__dirname, "bundles"),
    filename: "[name].js",