fix --health-on-failure=restart in transient unit

As described in #17777, the `restart` on-failure action did not behave
correctly when the health check is being run by a transient systemd
unit.  It ran just fine when being executed outside such a unit, for
instance, manually or, as done in the system tests, in a scripted
fashion.

There were two issue causing the `restart` on-failure action to
misbehave:

1) The transient systemd units used the default `KillMode=cgroup` which
   will nuke all processes in the specific cgroup including the recently
   restarted container/conmon once the main `podman healthcheck run`
   process exits.

2) Podman attempted to remove the transient systemd unit and timer
   during restart.  That is perfectly fine when manually restarting the
   container but not when the restart itself is being executed inside
   such a transient unit.  Ultimately, Podman tried to shoot itself in
   the foot.

Fix both issues by moving the restart logic in the cleanup process.
Instead of restarting the container, the `healthcheck run` will just
stop the container and the cleanup process will restart the container
once it has turned unhealthy.

Fixes: #17777
Signed-off-by: Valentin Rothberg <vrothberg@redhat.com>

libpod/container_internal.go

@@ -229,6 +229,15 @@ func (c *Container) handleExitFile(exitFile string, fi os.FileInfo) error {
 }
 
 func (c *Container) shouldRestart() bool {
+	if c.config.HealthCheckOnFailureAction == define.HealthCheckOnFailureActionRestart {
+		isUnhealthy, err := c.isUnhealthy()
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Errorf("Checking if container is unhealthy: %v", err)
+		} else if isUnhealthy {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
 	// If we did not get a restart policy match, return false
 	// Do the same if we're not a policy that restarts.
 	if !c.state.RestartPolicyMatch ||
@@ -268,6 +277,12 @@ func (c *Container) handleRestartPolicy(ctx context.Context) (_ bool, retErr err
 		return false, err
 	}
 
+	if c.config.HealthCheckConfig != nil {
+		if err := c.removeTransientFiles(ctx, c.config.StartupHealthCheckConfig != nil && !c.state.StartupHCPassed); err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Is the container running again?
 	// If so, we don't have to do anything
 	if c.ensureState(define.ContainerStateRunning, define.ContainerStatePaused) {
@@ -1429,6 +1444,7 @@ func (c *Container) restartWithTimeout(ctx context.Context, timeout uint) (retEr
 		if err := c.stop(timeout); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+
 		if c.config.HealthCheckConfig != nil {
 			if err := c.removeTransientFiles(context.Background(), c.config.StartupHealthCheckConfig != nil && !c.state.StartupHCPassed); err != nil {
 				logrus.Error(err.Error())

libpod/healthcheck.go

@@ -184,8 +184,12 @@ func (c *Container) processHealthCheckStatus(status string) error {
 		}
 
 	case define.HealthCheckOnFailureActionRestart:
-		if err := c.RestartWithTimeout(context.Background(), c.config.StopTimeout); err != nil {
+		// We let the cleanup process handle the restart.  Otherwise
-			return fmt.Errorf("restarting container after health-check turned unhealthy: %w", err)
+		// the container would be restarted in the context of a
+		// transient systemd unit which may cause undesired side
+		// effects.
+		if err := c.Stop(); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("restarting/stopping container after health-check turned unhealthy: %w", err)
 		}
 
 	case define.HealthCheckOnFailureActionStop:
@@ -346,6 +350,18 @@ func (c *Container) updateHealthStatus(status string) error {
 	return os.WriteFile(c.healthCheckLogPath(), newResults, 0700)
 }
 
+// isUnhealthy returns if the current health check status in unhealthy.
+func (c *Container) isUnhealthy() (bool, error) {
+	if !c.HasHealthCheck() {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	healthCheck, err := c.getHealthCheckLog()
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return healthCheck.Status == define.HealthCheckUnhealthy, nil
+}
+
 // UpdateHealthCheckLog parses the health check results and writes the log
 func (c *Container) updateHealthCheckLog(hcl define.HealthCheckLog, inStartPeriod bool) (string, error) {
 	c.lock.Lock()

test/system/220-healthcheck.bats

@@ -139,19 +139,22 @@ Log[-1].Output   | \"Uh-oh on stdout!\\\nUh-oh on stderr!\"
         run_podman 1 healthcheck run $ctr
         is "$output" "unhealthy" "output from 'podman healthcheck run' (policy: $policy)"
 
-        run_podman inspect $ctr --format "{{.State.Status}} {{.Config.HealthcheckOnFailureAction}}"
         if [[ $policy == "restart" ]];then
-           # Container has been restarted and health check works again
+           # Make sure the container transitions back to running
-           is "$output" "running $policy" "container has been restarted"
+           run_podman wait --condition=running $ctr
+           run_podman inspect $ctr --format "{{.RestartCount}}"
+           assert "${#lines[@]}" != 0 "Container has been restarted at least once"
            run_podman container inspect $ctr --format "{{.State.Healthcheck.FailingStreak}}"
            is "$output" "0" "Failing streak of restarted container should be 0 again"
            run_podman healthcheck run $ctr
         elif [[ $policy == "none" ]];then
+            run_podman inspect $ctr --format "{{.State.Status}} {{.Config.HealthcheckOnFailureAction}}"
             # Container is still running and health check still broken
             is "$output" "running $policy" "container continued running"
             run_podman 1 healthcheck run $ctr
             is "$output" "unhealthy" "output from 'podman healthcheck run' (policy: $policy)"
         else
+            run_podman inspect $ctr --format "{{.State.Status}} {{.Config.HealthcheckOnFailureAction}}"
             # kill and stop yield the container into a non-running state
             is "$output" ".* $policy" "container was stopped/killed (policy: $policy)"
             assert "$output" != "running $policy"
@@ -164,4 +167,39 @@ Log[-1].Output   | \"Uh-oh on stdout!\\\nUh-oh on stderr!\"
     done
 }
 
+@test "podman healthcheck --health-on-failure with interval" {
+    ctr="healthcheck_c"
+
+    for policy in stop kill restart ;do
+        t0=$(date --iso-8601=seconds)
+        run_podman run -d --name $ctr      \
+               --health-cmd /bin/false     \
+               --health-retries=1          \
+               --health-on-failure=$policy \
+               --health-interval=1s        \
+               $IMAGE top
+
+        if [[ $policy == "restart" ]];then
+            # Sleeping for 2 seconds makes the test much faster than using
+            # podman-wait which would compete with the container getting
+            # restarted.
+            sleep 2
+            # Make sure the container transitions back to running
+            run_podman wait --condition=running $ctr
+            run_podman inspect $ctr --format "{{.RestartCount}}"
+            assert "${#lines[@]}" != 0 "Container has been restarted at least once"
+        else
+            # kill and stop yield the container into a non-running state
+            run_podman wait $ctr
+            run_podman inspect $ctr --format "{{.State.Status}} {{.Config.HealthcheckOnFailureAction}}"
+            is "$output" ".* $policy" "container was stopped/killed (policy: $policy)"
+            assert "$output" != "running $policy"
+            # also make sure that it's not stuck in the stopping state
+            assert "$output" != "stopping $policy"
+        fi
+
+        run_podman rm -f -t0 $ctr
+    done
+}
+
 # vim: filetype=sh