Recent changes in c/image caused the `SetAuthentication` API to be more
restrictive in terms of validating the `key` (`server`) input. To ensure
that manually modified or entries in `~/.docker/config.json` still work,
we now strip the leading `http[s]://` prefix.
Fixes https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11235
Signed-off-by: Sascha Grunert <sgrunert@redhat.com>