overlay: use private merged directory

use a private "merged" directory when mounting from an additional
store.

Operations like "Diff()" and "Changes()" cause an implicit mount when
the naive differ is used.

The issue was not observed earlier because native overlay can achieve
these operations without using a mount.

Since these mounts are performed read-only, and overlay supports
multiple mounts using the same lowerdirs, use a private location for
the "merged" directory.  The location is owned by the current
writeable store, that is locked for writing.

Closes: https://github.com/containers/storage/issues/2033

Signed-off-by: Giuseppe Scrivano <gscrivan@redhat.com>

drivers/overlay/overlay.go

@@ -848,14 +848,14 @@ func (d *Driver) Status() [][2]string {
 // Metadata returns meta data about the overlay driver such as
 // LowerDir, UpperDir, WorkDir and MergeDir used to store data.
 func (d *Driver) Metadata(id string) (map[string]string, error) {
-	dir := d.dir(id)
+	dir, _, inAdditionalStore := d.dir2(id, false)
 	if err := fileutils.Exists(dir); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	metadata := map[string]string{
 		"WorkDir":   path.Join(dir, "work"),
-		"MergedDir": path.Join(dir, "merged"),
+		"MergedDir": d.getMergedDir(id, dir, inAdditionalStore),
 		"UpperDir":  path.Join(dir, "diff"),
 	}
 
@@ -1703,10 +1703,10 @@ func (d *Driver) get(id string, disableShifting bool, options graphdriver.MountO
 		}
 	}
 
-	mergedDir := path.Join(dir, "merged")
+	mergedDir := d.getMergedDir(id, dir, inAdditionalStore)
 	// Attempt to create the merged dir only if it doesn't exist.
 	if err := fileutils.Exists(mergedDir); err != nil && os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		if err := idtools.MkdirAs(mergedDir, 0o700, rootUID, rootGID); err != nil && !os.IsExist(err) {
+		if err := idtools.MkdirAllAs(mergedDir, 0o700, rootUID, rootGID); err != nil && !os.IsExist(err) {
 			return "", err
 		}
 	}
@@ -1856,8 +1856,10 @@ func (d *Driver) get(id string, disableShifting bool, options graphdriver.MountO
 		mountFunc = func(source string, target string, mType string, flags uintptr, label string) error {
 			return mountOverlayFrom(d.home, source, target, mType, flags, label)
 		}
+		if !inAdditionalStore {
 			mountTarget = path.Join(id, "merged")
 		}
+	}
 
 	// overlay has a check in place to prevent mounting the same file system twice
 	// if volatile was already specified. Yes, the kernel repeats the "work" component.
@@ -1875,13 +1877,26 @@ func (d *Driver) get(id string, disableShifting bool, options graphdriver.MountO
 	return mergedDir, nil
 }
 
+// getMergedDir returns the directory path that should be used as the mount point for the overlayfs.
+func (d *Driver) getMergedDir(id, dir string, inAdditionalStore bool) string {
+	// If the layer is in an additional store, the lock we might hold only a reading lock.  To prevent
+	// races with other processes, use a private directory under the main store rundir.  At this point, the
+	// current process is holding an exclusive lock on the store, and since the rundir cannot be shared for
+	// different stores, it is safe to assume the current process has exclusive access to it.
+	if inAdditionalStore {
+		return path.Join(d.runhome, id, "merged")
+	}
+	return path.Join(dir, "merged")
+}
+
 // Put unmounts the mount path created for the give id.
 func (d *Driver) Put(id string) error {
 	dir, _, inAdditionalStore := d.dir2(id, false)
 	if err := fileutils.Exists(dir); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	mountpoint := path.Join(dir, "merged")
+	mountpoint := d.getMergedDir(id, dir, inAdditionalStore)
+
 	if count := d.ctr.Decrement(mountpoint); count > 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -1938,7 +1953,15 @@ func (d *Driver) Put(id string) error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if !inAdditionalStore {
+	if inAdditionalStore {
+		// check the base name for extra safety
+		if strings.HasPrefix(mountpoint, d.runhome) && filepath.Base(mountpoint) == "merged" {
+			err := os.RemoveAll(filepath.Dir(mountpoint))
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Warningf("Failed to remove mountpoint %s overlay: %s: %v", id, mountpoint, err)
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
 		uid, gid := int(0), int(0)
 		fi, err := os.Stat(mountpoint)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -1955,7 +1978,7 @@ func (d *Driver) Put(id string) error {
 		// rename(2) can be used on an empty directory, as it is the mountpoint after umount, and it retains
 		// its atomic semantic.  In this way the "merged" directory is never removed.
 		if err := unix.Rename(tmpMountpoint, mountpoint); err != nil {
-			logrus.Debugf("Failed to replace mountpoint %s overlay: %s - %v", id, mountpoint, err)
+			logrus.Debugf("Failed to replace mountpoint %s overlay: %s: %v", id, mountpoint, err)
 			return fmt.Errorf("replacing mount point %q: %w", mountpoint, err)
 		}
 	}