---
type: docs
title: "How-To: Register a pluggable component"
linkTitle: "Register a pluggable component"
weight: 1000
description: "Learn how to register a pluggable component"
---

[uds]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_domain_socket

## Component registration process

[Pluggable, gRPC-based components]({{< ref pluggable-components-overview >}}) are typically run as containers or processes that need to communicate with the Dapr runtime via [Unix Domain Sockets][uds] (or UDS for short). They are automatically discovered and registered in the runtime with the following steps:

1. The component listens to an [Unix Domain Socket][uds] placed on the shared volume.
2. The Dapr runtime lists all [Unix Domain Socket][uds] in the shared volume.
3. The Dapr runtime connects with each socket and uses gRPC reflection to discover all proto services from a given building block API that the component implements.

A single component can implement multiple component interfaces at once.

<img src="/images/components-pluggable-register-grpc.png" width=50%>

While Dapr's built-in components come [included with the runtime](https://github.com/dapr/components-contrib/blob/master/docs/developing-component.md), pluggable components require a few setup steps before they can be used with Dapr.

1. Pluggable components need to be started and ready to take requests _before_ Dapr itself is started.
2. The [Unix Domain Socket][uds] file used for the pluggable component communication need to be made accessible to both Dapr and pluggable component.

In standalone mode, pluggable components run as processes or containers. On Kubernetes, pluggable components run as containers and are automatically injected to the application's pod by Dapr's sidecar injector, allowing customization via the standard [Kubernetes Container spec](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.25/#container-v1-core).

This also changes the approach to share [Unix Domain Socket][uds] files between Dapr and pluggable components.

{{% alert title="Note" color="primary" %}}
As a prerequisite the operating system must supports Unix Domain Sockets, any UNIX or UNIX-like system (Mac, Linux, or for local development [WSL](https://learn.microsoft.com/windows/wsl/install) for Windows users) should be sufficient.
{{% /alert %}}

Select your environment to begin making your component discoverable.

{{< tabs "Standalone" "Kubernetes" >}}

{{% codetab %}}
[uds]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_domain_socket

## Run the component

Both your component and the Unix Socket must be running before Dapr starts.

By default, Dapr sidecar looks for components as [Unix Domain Socket][uds] files in `/tmp/dapr-components-sockets`.

Filenames in this folder are significant for component registration. They must be formed by appending the component's **name** with a file extension of your choice, more commonly `.sock`. For example, the filename `my-component.sock` is a valid Unix Domain Socket file name for a component named `my-component`.

Since you are running Dapr in the same host as the component, verify that this folder and the files within it are accessible and writable by both your component and Dapr. If you are using Dapr's sidecar injector capability, this volume is created and mounted automatically.

### Component discovery and multiplexing

A pluggable component accessible through a [Unix Domain Socket][UDS] (UDS) can host multiple distinct component APIs . During the components' initial discovery process, Dapr uses reflection to enumerate all the component APIs behind a UDS. The `my-component` pluggable component in the example above can contain both state store (`state`) and a pub/sub (`pubsub`) component APIs.

Typically, a pluggable component implements a single component API for packaging and deployment. However, at the expense of increasing its dependencies and broadening its security attack surface, a pluggable component can have multiple component APIs implemented. This could be done to ease the deployment and monitoring burden. Best practice for isolation, fault tolerance, and security is a single component API implementation for each pluggable component.


## Define the component

Define your component using a [component spec]({{< ref component-schema.md >}}). Your component's `spec.type` value is made by concatenating the following 2 parts with a `.`:
1. The component's API (`state`, `pubsub`, `bindings` etc)
2. The component's **name**, which is derived from the [Unix Domain Socket][uds] filename, without the file extension. 

You will need to define one [component spec]({{< ref component-schema.md >}}) for each API exposed by your pluggable component's [Unix Domain Socket][uds]. The Unix Domain Socket `my-component.sock` from the previous example exposes a pluggable component named `my-component` with both a `state` and a `pubsub` API. Two components specs, each in their own YAML file, placed in the `resources-path`, will be required: one for `state.my-component` and another for `pubsub.my-component`.

For instance, the component spec for `state.my-component` could be:

```yaml
apiVersion: dapr.io/v1alpha1
kind: Component
metadata:
  name: my-production-state-store
spec:
  type: state.my-component
  version: v1
  metadata:
```

In the sample above, notice the following:
* The contents of the field `spec.type` is `state.my-component`, referring to a state store being exposed as a pluggable component named `my-component`.
* The field `metadata.name`, which is the name of the state store being defined here, is not related to the pluggable component name.

Save this file as `component.yaml` in Dapr's component configuration folder. Just like the contents of `metadata.name` field, the filename for this YAML file has no impact and does not depend on the pluggable component name.

## Run Dapr

[Initialize Dapr]({{< ref get-started-api.md >}}), and make sure that your component file is placed in the right folder.

{{% alert title="Note" color="primary" %}}
Dapr 1.9.0 is the minimum version that supports pluggable components. As of version 1.11.0, automatic injection of the containers is supported for pluggable components.
{{% /alert %}}

<!-- We should list the actual command line the user will be typing here -->

That's it! Now you're able to call the state store APIs via Dapr API. See it in action by running the following. Replace `$PORT` with the Dapr HTTP port:

```shell
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '[{ "key": "name", "value": "Bruce Wayne", "metadata": {}}]' http://localhost:$PORT/v1.0/state/prod-mystore
```

Retrieve the value, replacing `$PORT` with the Dapr HTTP port:

```shell
curl http://localhost:$PORT/v1.0/state/prod-mystore/name
```

{{% /codetab %}}

{{% codetab %}}

[uds]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_domain_socket

## Build and publish a container for your pluggable component

Make sure your component is running as a container, published first and accessible to your Kubernetes cluster.

## Deploy Dapr on a Kubernetes cluster

Follow the steps provided in the [Deploy Dapr on a Kubernetes cluster]({{< ref kubernetes-deploy.md >}}) docs.

## Add the pluggable component container in your deployments

Pluggable components are deployed as containers **in the same pod** as your application.

Since pluggable components are backed by [Unix Domain Sockets][uds], make the socket created by your pluggable component accessible by Dapr runtime. Configure the deployment spec to:

1. Mount volumes
2. Hint to Dapr the mounted Unix socket volume location
3. Attach volume to your pluggable component container

In the following example, your configured pluggable component is deployed as a container within the same pod as your application container. 

```yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: app
  labels:
    app: app
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: app
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: app
      annotations:
        # Recommended to automatically inject pluggable components.
        dapr.io/inject-pluggable-components: "true" 
        dapr.io/app-id: "my-app"
        dapr.io/enabled: "true"
    spec:
      containers:
      # Your application's container spec, as usual.
        - name: app
           image: YOUR_APP_IMAGE:YOUR_APP_IMAGE_VERSION
```

The `dapr.io/inject-pluggable-components` annotation is recommended to be set to "true", indicating Dapr's sidecar injector that this application's pod will have additional containers for pluggable components.

Alternatively, you can skip Dapr's sidecar injection capability and manually add the pluggable component's container and annotate your pod, telling Dapr which containers within that pod are pluggable components, like in the example below:

```yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: app
  labels:
    app: app
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: app
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: app
      annotations:
        dapr.io/pluggable-components: "component" ## the name of the pluggable component container separated by `,`, e.g "componentA,componentB".
        dapr.io/app-id: "my-app"
        dapr.io/enabled: "true"
    spec:
      containers:
      ### --------------------- YOUR APPLICATION CONTAINER GOES HERE -----------
        - name: app
           image: YOUR_APP_IMAGE:YOUR_APP_IMAGE_VERSION
      ### --------------------- YOUR PLUGGABLE COMPONENT CONTAINER GOES HERE -----------
        - name: component
          image: YOUR_IMAGE_GOES_HERE:YOUR_IMAGE_VERSION
```

Before applying the deployment, let's add one more configuration: the component spec.

## Define a component

Pluggable components are defined using a [component spec]({{< ref component-schema.md >}}). The component `type` is derived from the socket name (without the file extension). In the following example YAML, replace:

- `your_socket_goes_here` with your component socket name (no extension)
- `your_component_type` with your component type

```yaml
apiVersion: dapr.io/v1alpha1
kind: Component
metadata:
  name: prod-mystore
  # When running on Kubernetes and automatic container injection, add annotation below:
  annotations:
    dapr.io/component-container: >
      {
        "name": "my-component",
        "image": "<registry>/<image_name>:<image_tag>"
      }
spec:
  type: your_component_type.your_socket_goes_here
  version: v1
  metadata:
scopes:
  - backend
```
The `dapr.io/component-container` annotation is mandatory on Kubernetes when you want Dapr's sidecar injector to handle the container and volume injection for the pluggable component. At minimum, you'll need the `name` and `image` attributes for the Dapr's sidecar injector to successfully add the container to the Application's pod. Volume for Unix Domain Socket is automatically created and mounted by Dapr's sidecar injector.

[Scope]({{< ref component-scopes >}}) your component to make sure that only the target application can connect with the pluggable component, since it will only be running in its deployment. Otherwise the runtime fails when initializing the component.

That's it! **[Apply the created manifests to your Kubernetes cluster](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/cheatsheet/#kubectl-apply)**, and call the state store APIs via Dapr API.

Use [Kubernetes pod forwarder](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/port-forward-access-application-cluster/) to access the `daprd` runtime.

See it in action by running the following. Replace `$PORT` with the Dapr HTTP port:

```shell
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '[{ "key": "name", "value": "Bruce Wayne", "metadata": {}}]' http://localhost:$PORT/v1.0/state/prod-mystore
```

Retrieve the value, replacing `$PORT` with the Dapr HTTP port:

```shell
curl http://localhost:$PORT/v1.0/state/prod-mystore/name
```

{{% /codetab %}}
{{< /tabs >}}

## Next Steps

Get started with developing .NET pluggable component using this [sample code](https://github.com/dapr/samples/tree/master/pluggable-components-dotnet-template)
