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Unless notified about the container networks, the physical network does not have a route to their subnets

Who has 10.16.20.0/24?

Who has 10.1.20.0/24?

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Credit Cards

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Parent: eth0.20

VLAN ID: 20

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Container(s)

Eth0 10.1.20.0/24

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eth0 Interface

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802.1Q Trunk - can be a single Ethernet link or Multiple Bonded Ethernet links

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Docker Host: Frontend, Backend & Credit Card App Tiers are Isolated but can still communicate inside parent interface or any other Docker hosts using the VLAN ID

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diff --git a/network/images/vlans-deeper-look.png b/network/images/vlans-deeper-look.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..32d95f600e Binary files /dev/null and b/network/images/vlans-deeper-look.png differ diff --git a/network/images/vlans-deeper-look.svg b/network/images/vlans-deeper-look.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..96cd21d52f --- /dev/null +++ b/network/images/vlans-deeper-look.svg @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +DockerHost:Frontend,Backend &CreditCardAppTiersareIsolatedbutcanstillcommunicateinsideinterfaceoranyotherDockerhostsusingtheparentVLANID802.1QTrunk -canbeasingleEthernetlinkorMultipleBondedEthernetlinksInterfaceeth0Container(s)Eth010.1.20.0/24Parent:eth0.20VLANID:20CreditCardsBackendContainer(s)Eth010.1.30.0/24Container(s)Eth010.1.10.0/24FrontendGateway10.1.20.1andothercontainersonthesameVLAN/subnetGateway10.1.10.1andothercontainersonthesameVLAN/subnetGateway10.1.30.1andothercontainersonthesameVLAN/subnet:Parenteth0.10VLANID:10Parent:eth0.30VLAN:30NetworkotherDockerHosts \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/network/ipvlan.md b/network/ipvlan.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3abf14c751 --- /dev/null +++ b/network/ipvlan.md @@ -0,0 +1,629 @@ +--- +title: Use IPvlan networks +description: All about using IPvlan to make your containers appear like physical machines on the network +keywords: network, ipvlan, l2, l3, standalone +--- + +The IPvlan driver gives users total control over both IPv4 and IPv6 addressing. +The VLAN driver builds on top of that in giving operators complete control of +layer 2 VLAN tagging and even IPvlan L3 routing for users interested in underlay +network integration. For overlay deployments that abstract away physical constraints +see the [multi-host overlay](network-tutorial-overlay.md) driver. + +IPvlan is a new twist on the tried and true network virtualization technique. +The Linux implementations are extremely lightweight because rather than using +the traditional Linux bridge for isolation, they are associated to a Linux +Ethernet interface or sub-interface to enforce separation between networks and +connectivity to the physical network. + +IPvlan offers a number of unique features and plenty of room for further +innovations with the various modes. Two high level advantages of these approaches +are, the positive performance implications of bypassing the Linux bridge and the +simplicity of having fewer moving parts. Removing the bridge that traditionally +resides in between the Docker host NIC and container interface leaves a simple +setup consisting of container interfaces, attached directly to the Docker host +interface. This result is easy to access for external facing services as there +is no need for port mappings in these scenarios. + +## Prerequisites + +- The examples on this page are all single host. +- All examples can be performed on a single host running Docker. Any + example using a sub-interface like `eth0.10` can be replaced with `eth0` or + any other valid parent interface on the Docker host. Sub-interfaces with a `.` + are created on the fly. `-o parent` interfaces can also be left out of the + `docker network create` all together and the driver will create a `dummy` + interface that will enable local host connectivity to perform the examples. +- Kernel requirements: + - To check your current kernel version, use `uname -r` + - IPvlan Linux kernel v4.2+ (support for earlier kernels exists but is buggy) + +## IPvlan L2 mode example usage + +An example of the IPvlan `L2` mode topology is shown in the following image. +The driver is specified with `-d driver_name` option. In this case `-d ipvlan`. + +![Simple IPvlan L2 Mode Example](images/ipvlan_l2_simple.png) + +The parent interface in the next example `-o parent=eth0` is configured as follows: + +```console +$ ip addr show eth0 +3: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 + inet 192.168.1.250/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0 +``` + +Use the network from the host's interface as the `--subnet` in the +`docker network create`. The container will be attached to the same network as +the host interface as set via the `-o parent=` option. + +Create the IPvlan network and run a container attaching to it: + +```console +# IPvlan (-o ipvlan_mode= Defaults to L2 mode if not specified) +$ docker network create -d ipvlan \ + --subnet=192.168.1.0/24 \ + --gateway=192.168.1.1 \ + -o ipvlan_mode=l2 \ + -o parent=eth0 db_net + +# Start a container on the db_net network +$ docker run --net=db_net -it --rm alpine /bin/sh + +# NOTE: the containers can NOT ping the underlying host interfaces as +# they are intentionally filtered by Linux for additional isolation. +``` + +The default mode for IPvlan is `l2`. If `-o ipvlan_mode=` are left unspecified, +the default mode will be used. Similarly, if the `--gateway` is left empty, the +first usable address on the network will be set as the gateway. For example, if +the subnet provided in the network create is `--subnet=192.168.1.0/24` then the +gateway the container receives is `192.168.1.1`. + +To help understand how this mode interacts with other hosts, the following +figure shows the same layer 2 segment between two Docker hosts that applies to +and IPvlan L2 mode. + +![Multiple IPvlan Hosts](images/macvlan-bridge-ipvlan-l2.png) + +The following will create the exact same network as the network `db_net` created +earlier, with the driver defaults for `--gateway=192.168.1.1` and `-o ipvlan_mode=l2`. + +```console +# IPvlan (-o ipvlan_mode= Defaults to L2 mode if not specified) +$ docker network create -d ipvlan \ + --subnet=192.168.1.0/24 \ + -o parent=eth0 db_net_ipv + +# Start a container with an explicit name in daemon mode +$ docker run --net=db_net_ipv --name=ipv1 -itd alpine /bin/sh + +# Start a second container and ping using the container name +# to see the docker included name resolution functionality +$ docker run --net=db_net_ipv --name=ipv2 -it --rm alpine /bin/sh +$ ping -c 4 ipv1 + +# NOTE: the containers can NOT ping the underlying host interfaces as +# they are intentionally filtered by Linux for additional isolation. +``` + +The drivers also support the `--internal` flag that will completely isolate +containers on a network from any communications external to that network. Since +network isolation is tightly coupled to the network's parent interface the result +of leaving the `-o parent=` option off of a `docker network create` is the exact +same as the `--internal` option. If the parent interface is not specified or the +`--internal` flag is used, a netlink type `dummy` parent interface is created +for the user and used as the parent interface effectively isolating the network +completely. + +The following two `docker network create` examples result in identical networks +that you can attach container to: + +```console +# Empty '-o parent=' creates an isolated network +$ docker network create -d ipvlan \ + --subnet=192.168.10.0/24 isolated1 + +# Explicit '--internal' flag is the same: +$ docker network create -d ipvlan \ + --subnet=192.168.11.0/24 --internal isolated2 + +# Even the '--subnet=' can be left empty and the default +# IPAM subnet of 172.18.0.0/16 will be assigned +$ docker network create -d ipvlan isolated3 + +$ docker run --net=isolated1 --name=cid1 -it --rm alpine /bin/sh +$ docker run --net=isolated2 --name=cid2 -it --rm alpine /bin/sh +$ docker run --net=isolated3 --name=cid3 -it --rm alpine /bin/sh + +# To attach to any use `docker exec` and start a shell +$ docker exec -it cid1 /bin/sh +$ docker exec -it cid2 /bin/sh +$ docker exec -it cid3 /bin/sh +``` + +## IPvlan 802.1q trunk L2 mode example usage + +Architecturally, IPvlan L2 mode trunking is the same as Macvlan with regard to +gateways and L2 path isolation. There are nuances that can be advantageous for +CAM table pressure in ToR switches, one MAC per port and MAC exhaustion on a +host's parent NIC to name a few. The 802.1q trunk scenario looks the same. Both +modes adhere to tagging standards and have seamless integration with the physical +network for underlay integration and hardware vendor plugin integrations. + +Hosts on the same VLAN are typically on the same subnet and almost always are +grouped together based on their security policy. In most scenarios, a multi-tier +application is tiered into different subnets because the security profile of each +process requires some form of isolation. For example, hosting your credit card +processing on the same virtual network as the frontend webserver would be a +regulatory compliance issue, along with circumventing the long standing best +practice of layered defense in depth architectures. VLANs or the equivocal VNI +(Virtual Network Identifier) when using the Overlay driver, are the first step +in isolating tenant traffic. + +![Docker VLANs in Depth](images/vlans-deeper-look.png) + +The Linux sub-interface tagged with a VLAN can either already exist or will be +created when you call a `docker network create`. `docker network rm` will delete +the sub-interface. Parent interfaces such as `eth0` are not deleted, only +sub-interfaces with a netlink parent index > 0. + +For the driver to add/delete the VLAN sub-interfaces the format needs to be +`interface_name.vlan_tag`. Other sub-interface naming can be used as the +specified parent, but the link will not be deleted automatically when +`docker network rm` is invoked. + +The option to use either existing parent VLAN sub-interfaces or let Docker manage +them enables the user to either completely manage the Linux interfaces and +networking or let Docker create and delete the VLAN parent sub-interfaces +(netlink `ip link`) with no effort from the user. + +For example: use `eth0.10` to denote a sub-interface of `eth0` tagged with the +VLAN id of `10`. The equivalent `ip link` command would be +`ip link add link eth0 name eth0.10 type vlan id 10`. + +The example creates the VLAN tagged networks and then starts two containers to +test connectivity between containers. Different VLANs cannot ping one another +without a router routing between the two networks. The default namespace is not +reachable per IPvlan design in order to isolate container namespaces from the +underlying host. + +### VLAN ID 20 + +In the first network tagged and isolated by the Docker host, `eth0.20` is the +parent interface tagged with VLAN id `20` specified with `-o parent=eth0.20`. +Other naming formats can be used, but the links need to be added and deleted +manually using `ip link` or Linux configuration files. As long as the `-o parent` +exists, anything can be used if it is compliant with Linux netlink. + +```console +# now add networks and hosts as you would normally by attaching to the master (sub)interface that is tagged +$ docker network create -d ipvlan \ + --subnet=192.168.20.0/24 \ + --gateway=192.168.20.1 \ + -o parent=eth0.20 ipvlan20 + +# in two separate terminals, start a Docker container and the containers can now ping one another. +$ docker run --net=ipvlan20 -it --name ivlan_test1 --rm alpine /bin/sh +$ docker run --net=ipvlan20 -it --name ivlan_test2 --rm alpine /bin/sh +``` + +### VLAN ID 30 + +In the second network, tagged and isolated by the Docker host, `eth0.30` is the +parent interface tagged with VLAN id `30` specified with `-o parent=eth0.30`. The +`ipvlan_mode=` defaults to l2 mode `ipvlan_mode=l2`. It can also be explicitly +set with the same result as shown in the next example. + +```console +# now add networks and hosts as you would normally by attaching to the master (sub)interface that is tagged. +$ docker network create -d ipvlan \ + --subnet=192.168.30.0/24 \ + --gateway=192.168.30.1 \ + -o parent=eth0.30 \ + -o ipvlan_mode=l2 ipvlan30 + +# in two separate terminals, start a Docker container and the containers can now ping one another. +$ docker run --net=ipvlan30 -it --name ivlan_test3 --rm alpine /bin/sh +$ docker run --net=ipvlan30 -it --name ivlan_test4 --rm alpine /bin/sh +``` + +The gateway is set inside of the container as the default gateway. That gateway +would typically be an external router on the network. + +```console +$$ ip route + default via 192.168.30.1 dev eth0 + 192.168.30.0/24 dev eth0 src 192.168.30.2 +``` + +Example: Multi-Subnet IPvlan L2 Mode starting two containers on the same subnet +and pinging one another. In order for the `192.168.114.0/24` to reach +`192.168.116.0/24` it requires an external router in L2 mode. L3 mode can route +between subnets that share a common `-o parent=`. + +Secondary addresses on network routers are common as an address space becomes +exhausted to add another secondary to an L3 VLAN interface or commonly referred +to as a "switched virtual interface" (SVI). + +```console +$ docker network create -d ipvlan \ + --subnet=192.168.114.0/24 --subnet=192.168.116.0/24 \ + --gateway=192.168.114.254 --gateway=192.168.116.254 \ + -o parent=eth0.114 \ + -o ipvlan_mode=l2 ipvlan114 + +$ docker run --net=ipvlan114 --ip=192.168.114.10 -it --rm alpine /bin/sh +$ docker run --net=ipvlan114 --ip=192.168.114.11 -it --rm alpine /bin/sh +``` + +A key takeaway is, operators have the ability to map their physical network into +their virtual network for integrating containers into their environment with no +operational overhauls required. NetOps drops an 802.1q trunk into the +Docker host. That virtual link would be the `-o parent=` passed in the network +creation. For untagged (non-VLAN) links, it is as simple as `-o parent=eth0` or +for 802.1q trunks with VLAN IDs each network gets mapped to the corresponding +VLAN/Subnet from the network. + +An example being, NetOps provides VLAN ID and the associated subnets for VLANs +being passed on the Ethernet link to the Docker host server. Those values are +plugged into the `docker network create` commands when provisioning the +Docker networks. These are persistent configurations that are applied every time +the Docker engine starts which alleviates having to manage often complex +configuration files. The network interfaces can also be managed manually by +being pre-created and Docker networking will never modify them, and use them +as parent interfaces. Example mappings from NetOps to Docker network commands +are as follows: + +- VLAN: 10, Subnet: 172.16.80.0/24, Gateway: 172.16.80.1 + - `--subnet=172.16.80.0/24 --gateway=172.16.80.1 -o parent=eth0.10` +- VLAN: 20, IP subnet: 172.16.50.0/22, Gateway: 172.16.50.1 + - `--subnet=172.16.50.0/22 --gateway=172.16.50.1 -o parent=eth0.20 ` +- VLAN: 30, Subnet: 10.1.100.0/16, Gateway: 10.1.100.1 + - `--subnet=10.1.100.0/16 --gateway=10.1.100.1 -o parent=eth0.30` + +## IPvlan L3 mode example + +IPvlan will require routes to be distributed to each endpoint. The driver only +builds the IPvlan L3 mode port and attaches the container to the interface. Route +distribution throughout a cluster is beyond the initial implementation of this +single host scoped driver. In L3 mode, the Docker host is very similar to a +router starting new networks in the container. They are on networks that the +upstream network will not know about without route distribution. For those +curious how IPvlan L3 will fit into container networking, see the following +examples. + +![Docker IPvlan L2 Mode](images/ipvlan-l3.png) + +IPvlan L3 mode drops all broadcast and multicast traffic. This reason alone +makes IPvlan L3 mode a prime candidate for those looking for massive scale and +predictable network integrations. It is predictable and in turn will lead to +greater uptimes because there is no bridging involved. Bridging loops have been +responsible for high profile outages that can be hard to pinpoint depending on +the size of the failure domain. This is due to the cascading nature of BPDUs +(Bridge Port Data Units) that are flooded throughout a broadcast domain (VLAN) +to find and block topology loops. Eliminating bridging domains, or at the least, +keeping them isolated to a pair of ToRs (top of rack switches) will reduce hard +to troubleshoot bridging instabilities. IPvlan L2 modes is well suited for +isolated VLANs only trunked into a pair of ToRs that can provide a loop-free +non-blocking fabric. The next step further is to route at the edge via IPvlan L3 +mode that reduces a failure domain to a local host only. + +- L3 mode needs to be on a separate subnet as the default namespace since it + requires a netlink route in the default namespace pointing to the IPvlan parent + interface. +- The parent interface used in this example is `eth0` and it is on the subnet + `192.168.1.0/24`. Notice the `docker network` is **not** on the same subnet + as `eth0`. +- Unlike IPvlan l2 modes, different subnets/networks can ping one another as + long as they share the same parent interface `-o parent=`. + +```console +$$ ip a show eth0 +3: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 + link/ether 00:50:56:39:45:2e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff + inet 192.168.1.250/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0 +``` + +- A traditional gateway doesn't mean much to an L3 mode IPvlan interface since + there is no broadcast traffic allowed. Because of that, the container default + gateway points to the containers `eth0` device. See below for CLI output + of `ip route` or `ip -6 route` from inside an L3 container for details. + +The mode ` -o ipvlan_mode=l3` must be explicitly specified since the default +IPvlan mode is `l2`. + +The following example does not specify a parent interface. The network drivers +will create a dummy type link for the user rather than rejecting the network +creation and isolating containers from only communicating with one another. + +```console +# Create the IPvlan L3 network +$ docker network create -d ipvlan \ + --subnet=192.168.214.0/24 \ + --subnet=10.1.214.0/24 \ + -o ipvlan_mode=l3 ipnet210 + +# Test 192.168.214.0/24 connectivity +$ docker run --net=ipnet210 --ip=192.168.214.10 -itd alpine /bin/sh +$ docker run --net=ipnet210 --ip=10.1.214.10 -itd alpine /bin/sh + +# Test L3 connectivity from 10.1.214.0/24 to 192.168.212.0/24 +$ docker run --net=ipnet210 --ip=192.168.214.9 -it --rm alpine ping -c 2 10.1.214.10 + +# Test L3 connectivity from 192.168.212.0/24 to 10.1.214.0/24 +$ docker run --net=ipnet210 --ip=10.1.214.9 -it --rm alpine ping -c 2 192.168.214.10 + +``` + +> **Note** +> +> Notice that there is no `--gateway=` option in the network create. The field +> is ignored if one is specified `l3` mode. Take a look at the container routing +> table from inside of the container: +> +> ```console +> # Inside an L3 mode container +> $$ ip route +> default dev eth0 +> 192.168.214.0/24 dev eth0 src 192.168.214.10 +> ``` + +In order to ping the containers from a remote Docker host or the container be +able to ping a remote host, the remote host or the physical network in between +need to have a route pointing to the host IP address of the container's Docker +host eth interface. + +## Dual stack IPv4 IPv6 IPvlan L2 mode + +- Not only does Libnetwork give you complete control over IPv4 addressing, but +it also gives you total control over IPv6 addressing as well as feature parity +between the two address families. + +- The next example will start with IPv6 only. Start two containers on the same +VLAN `139` and ping one another. Since the IPv4 subnet is not specified, the +default IPAM will provision a default IPv4 subnet. That subnet is isolated +unless the upstream network is explicitly routing it on VLAN `139`. + +```console +# Create a v6 network +$ docker network create -d ipvlan \ + --subnet=2001:db8:abc2::/64 --gateway=2001:db8:abc2::22 \ + -o parent=eth0.139 v6ipvlan139 + +# Start a container on the network +$ docker run --net=v6ipvlan139 -it --rm alpine /bin/sh +``` + +View the container eth0 interface and v6 routing table: + +```console +# Inside the IPv6 container +$$ ip a show eth0 +75: eth0@if55: mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default + link/ether 00:50:56:2b:29:40 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff + inet 172.18.0.2/16 scope global eth0 + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever + inet6 2001:db8:abc4::250:56ff:fe2b:2940/64 scope link + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever + inet6 2001:db8:abc2::1/64 scope link nodad + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever + +$$ ip -6 route +2001:db8:abc4::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 +2001:db8:abc2::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 +default via 2001:db8:abc2::22 dev eth0 metric 1024 +``` + +Start a second container and ping the first container's v6 address. + +```console +# Test L2 connectivity over IPv6 +$ docker run --net=v6ipvlan139 -it --rm alpine /bin/sh + +# Inside the second IPv6 container +$$ ip a show eth0 +75: eth0@if55: mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default + link/ether 00:50:56:2b:29:40 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff + inet 172.18.0.3/16 scope global eth0 + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever + inet6 2001:db8:abc4::250:56ff:fe2b:2940/64 scope link tentative dadfailed + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever + inet6 2001:db8:abc2::2/64 scope link nodad + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever + +$$ ping6 2001:db8:abc2::1 +PING 2001:db8:abc2::1 (2001:db8:abc2::1): 56 data bytes +64 bytes from 2001:db8:abc2::1%eth0: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.044 ms +64 bytes from 2001:db8:abc2::1%eth0: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.058 ms + +2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss +round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.044/0.051/0.058/0.000 ms +``` + +The next example with setup a dual stack IPv4/IPv6 network with an example +VLAN ID of `140`. + +Next create a network with two IPv4 subnets and one IPv6 subnets, all of which +have explicit gateways: + +```console +$ docker network create -d ipvlan \ + --subnet=192.168.140.0/24 --subnet=192.168.142.0/24 \ + --gateway=192.168.140.1 --gateway=192.168.142.1 \ + --subnet=2001:db8:abc9::/64 --gateway=2001:db8:abc9::22 \ + -o parent=eth0.140 \ + -o ipvlan_mode=l2 ipvlan140 +``` + +Start a container and view eth0 and both v4 & v6 routing tables: + +```console +$ docker run --net=ipvlan140 --ip6=2001:db8:abc2::51 -it --rm alpine /bin/sh + +$ ip a show eth0 +78: eth0@if77: mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default + link/ether 00:50:56:2b:29:40 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff + inet 192.168.140.2/24 scope global eth0 + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever + inet6 2001:db8:abc4::250:56ff:fe2b:2940/64 scope link + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever + inet6 2001:db8:abc9::1/64 scope link nodad + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever + +$$ ip route +default via 192.168.140.1 dev eth0 +192.168.140.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.140.2 + +$$ ip -6 route +2001:db8:abc4::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 +2001:db8:abc9::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 +default via 2001:db8:abc9::22 dev eth0 metric 1024 +``` + +Start a second container with a specific `--ip4` address and ping the first host +using IPv4 packets: + +```console +$ docker run --net=ipvlan140 --ip=192.168.140.10 -it --rm alpine /bin/sh +``` + +> **Note** +> +> Different subnets on the same parent interface in IPvlan `L2` mode cannot ping +> one another. That requires a router to proxy-arp the requests with a secondary +> subnet. However, IPvlan `L3` will route the unicast traffic between disparate +> subnets as long as they share the same `-o parent` parent link. + +## Dual stack IPv4 IPv6 IPvlan L3 mode + +**Example:** IPvlan L3 Mode Dual Stack IPv4/IPv6, Multi-Subnet w/ 802.1q VLAN Tag:118 + +As in all of the examples, a tagged VLAN interface does not have to be used. The +sub-interfaces can be swapped with `eth0`, `eth1`, `bond0` or any other valid +interface on the host other then the `lo` loopback. + +The primary difference you will see is that L3 mode does not create a default +route with a next-hop but rather sets a default route pointing to `dev eth` only +since ARP/Broadcasts/Multicast are all filtered by Linux as per the design. Since +the parent interface is essentially acting as a router, the parent interface IP +and subnet needs to be different from the container networks. That is the opposite +of bridge and L2 modes, which need to be on the same subnet (broadcast domain) +in order to forward broadcast and multicast packets. + +```console +# Create an IPv6+IPv4 Dual Stack IPvlan L3 network +# Gateways for both v4 and v6 are set to a dev e.g. 'default dev eth0' +$ docker network create -d ipvlan \ + --subnet=192.168.110.0/24 \ + --subnet=192.168.112.0/24 \ + --subnet=2001:db8:abc6::/64 \ + -o parent=eth0 \ + -o ipvlan_mode=l3 ipnet110 + + +# Start a few of containers on the network (ipnet110) +# in separate terminals and check connectivity +$ docker run --net=ipnet110 -it --rm alpine /bin/sh +# Start a second container specifying the v6 address +$ docker run --net=ipnet110 --ip6=2001:db8:abc6::10 -it --rm alpine /bin/sh +# Start a third specifying the IPv4 address +$ docker run --net=ipnet110 --ip=192.168.112.30 -it --rm alpine /bin/sh +# Start a 4th specifying both the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses +$ docker run --net=ipnet110 --ip6=2001:db8:abc6::50 --ip=192.168.112.50 -it --rm alpine /bin/sh +``` + +Interface and routing table outputs are as follows: + +```console +$$ ip a show eth0 +63: eth0@if59: mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default + link/ether 00:50:56:2b:29:40 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff + inet 192.168.112.2/24 scope global eth0 + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever + inet6 2001:db8:abc4::250:56ff:fe2b:2940/64 scope link + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever + inet6 2001:db8:abc6::10/64 scope link nodad + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever + +# Note the default route is the eth device because ARPs are filtered. +$$ ip route + default dev eth0 scope link + 192.168.112.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.112.2 + +$$ ip -6 route +2001:db8:abc4::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 +2001:db8:abc6::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 +default dev eth0 metric 1024 +``` + +> *Note* +> +> There may be a bug when specifying `--ip6=` addresses when you delete a +> container with a specified v6 address and then start a new container with the +> same v6 address it throws the following like the address isn't properly being +> released to the v6 pool. It will fail to unmount the container and be left dead. + +```console +docker: Error response from daemon: Address already in use. +``` + +## Manually create 802.1q links + +### VLAN ID 40 + +If a user does not want the driver to create the VLAN sub-interface, it needs to +exist before running `docker network create`. If you have sub-interface +naming that is not `interface.vlan_id` it is honored in the `-o parent=` option +again as long as the interface exists and is up. + +Links, when manually created, can be named anything as long as they exist when +the network is created. Manually created links do not get deleted regardless of +the name when the network is deleted with `docker network rm`. + +```console +# create a new sub-interface tied to dot1q vlan 40 +$ ip link add link eth0 name eth0.40 type vlan id 40 + +# enable the new sub-interface +$ ip link set eth0.40 up + +# now add networks and hosts as you would normally by attaching to the master (sub)interface that is tagged +$ docker network create -d ipvlan \ + --subnet=192.168.40.0/24 \ + --gateway=192.168.40.1 \ + -o parent=eth0.40 ipvlan40 + +# in two separate terminals, start a Docker container and the containers can now ping one another. +$ docker run --net=ipvlan40 -it --name ivlan_test5 --rm alpine /bin/sh +$ docker run --net=ipvlan40 -it --name ivlan_test6 --rm alpine /bin/sh +``` + +**Example:** VLAN sub-interface manually created with any name: + +```console +# create a new sub interface tied to dot1q vlan 40 +$ ip link add link eth0 name foo type vlan id 40 + +# enable the new sub-interface +$ ip link set foo up + +# now add networks and hosts as you would normally by attaching to the master (sub)interface that is tagged +$ docker network create -d ipvlan \ + --subnet=192.168.40.0/24 --gateway=192.168.40.1 \ + -o parent=foo ipvlan40 + +# in two separate terminals, start a Docker container and the containers can now ping one another. +$ docker run --net=ipvlan40 -it --name ivlan_test5 --rm alpine /bin/sh +$ docker run --net=ipvlan40 -it --name ivlan_test6 --rm alpine /bin/sh +``` + +Manually created links can be cleaned up with: + +```console +$ ip link del foo +``` + +As with all of the Libnetwork drivers, they can be mixed and matched, even as +far as running 3rd party ecosystem drivers in parallel for maximum flexibility +to the Docker user.