<!--Delete sections as needed -->
## Description
Introduces small update of the Laravel framework guide (bump versions to
the latest Laravel 12 and php 8.4 + updates the related examples repo -
the fork needs to be synced).
## Related issues or tickets
#21268
## Reviews
<!-- Notes for reviewers here -->
As was discussed on the last docs meeting, to simplify the process the
review will be sent to the one of Docker Captains first.
@igor-alexandrov @ajeetraina
- [ ] Technical review
- [ ] Editorial review
- [ ] Product review
Sergei Shitikov