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<li class=""><a href="#how-it-works">How it works</a></li>
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<li class=""><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li>
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<h3><a href="#building-the-image">Building the image</a></h3>
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<h3><a href="#testing-the-container">Testing the container</a></h3>
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<li class=""><a href="#adapting-to-your-applications">Adapting to your applications</a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="span9 content-body">
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<div id="versionnav" class="span3 pull-right invisible">
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<li class="dropdown">
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<a id="document-version-number" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">
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Version v1.4
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<ul id="documentation-version-list" class="dropdown-menu pull-right">
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<li role="presentation" class="divider"></li>
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<li> <a class="home-link3 tertiary-nav" href="https://github.com/docker/docker/blob/master/docs/sources/articles/cfengine_process_management.md" >Edit on GitHub</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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|
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<h1 id="process-management-with-cfengine">Process Management with CFEngine</h1>
|
|
<p>Create Docker containers with managed processes.</p>
|
|
<p>Docker monitors one process in each running container and the container
|
|
lives or dies with that process. By introducing CFEngine inside Docker
|
|
containers, we can alleviate a few of the issues that may arise:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>It is possible to easily start multiple processes within a
|
|
container, all of which will be managed automatically, with the
|
|
normal <code>docker run</code> command.</li>
|
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<li>If a managed process dies or crashes, CFEngine will start it again
|
|
within 1 minute.</li>
|
|
<li>The container itself will live as long as the CFEngine scheduling
|
|
daemon (cf-execd) lives. With CFEngine, we are able to decouple the
|
|
life of the container from the uptime of the service it provides.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h2 id="how-it-works">How it works</h2>
|
|
<p>CFEngine, together with the cfe-docker integration policies, are
|
|
installed as part of the Dockerfile. This builds CFEngine into our
|
|
Docker image.</p>
|
|
<p>The Dockerfile's <code>ENTRYPOINT</code> takes an arbitrary
|
|
amount of commands (with any desired arguments) as parameters. When we
|
|
run the Docker container these parameters get written to CFEngine
|
|
policies and CFEngine takes over to ensure that the desired processes
|
|
are running in the container.</p>
|
|
<p>CFEngine scans the process table for the <code>basename</code> of the commands given
|
|
to the <code>ENTRYPOINT</code> and runs the command to start the process if the <code>basename</code>
|
|
is not found. For example, if we start the container with
|
|
<code>docker run "/path/to/my/application parameters"</code>, CFEngine will look for a
|
|
process named <code>application</code> and run the command. If an entry for <code>application</code>
|
|
is not found in the process table at any point in time, CFEngine will execute
|
|
<code>/path/to/my/application parameters</code> to start the application once again. The
|
|
check on the process table happens every minute.</p>
|
|
<p>Note that it is therefore important that the command to start your
|
|
application leaves a process with the basename of the command. This can
|
|
be made more flexible by making some minor adjustments to the CFEngine
|
|
policies, if desired.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="usage">Usage</h2>
|
|
<p>This example assumes you have Docker installed and working. We will
|
|
install and manage <code>apache2</code> and <code>sshd</code>
|
|
in a single container.</p>
|
|
<p>There are three steps:</p>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>Install CFEngine into the container.</li>
|
|
<li>Copy the CFEngine Docker process management policy into the
|
|
containerized CFEngine installation.</li>
|
|
<li>Start your application processes as part of the <code>docker run</code> command.</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<h3 id="building-the-image">Building the image</h3>
|
|
<p>The first two steps can be done as part of a Dockerfile, as follows.</p>
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint well"><code>FROM ubuntu
|
|
MAINTAINER Eystein Måløy Stenberg <eytein.stenberg@gmail.com>
|
|
|
|
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y wget lsb-release unzip ca-certificates
|
|
|
|
# install latest CFEngine
|
|
RUN wget -qO- http://cfengine.com/pub/gpg.key | apt-key add -
|
|
RUN echo "deb http://cfengine.com/pub/apt $(lsb_release -cs) main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/cfengine-community.list
|
|
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y cfengine-community
|
|
|
|
# install cfe-docker process management policy
|
|
RUN wget https://github.com/estenberg/cfe-docker/archive/master.zip -P /tmp/ && unzip /tmp/master.zip -d /tmp/
|
|
RUN cp /tmp/cfe-docker-master/cfengine/bin/* /var/cfengine/bin/
|
|
RUN cp /tmp/cfe-docker-master/cfengine/inputs/* /var/cfengine/inputs/
|
|
RUN rm -rf /tmp/cfe-docker-master /tmp/master.zip
|
|
|
|
# apache2 and openssh are just for testing purposes, install your own apps here
|
|
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y openssh-server apache2
|
|
RUN mkdir -p /var/run/sshd
|
|
RUN echo "root:password" | chpasswd # need a password for ssh
|
|
|
|
ENTRYPOINT ["/var/cfengine/bin/docker_processes_run.sh"]
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>By saving this file as Dockerfile to a working directory, you can then build
|
|
your image with the docker build command, e.g.,
|
|
<code>docker build -t managed_image</code>.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="testing-the-container">Testing the container</h3>
|
|
<p>Start the container with <code>apache2</code> and <code>sshd</code> running and managed, forwarding
|
|
a port to our SSH instance:</p>
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint well"><code>$ sudo docker run -p 127.0.0.1:222:22 -d managed_image "/usr/sbin/sshd" "/etc/init.d/apache2 start"
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>We now clearly see one of the benefits of the cfe-docker integration: it
|
|
allows to start several processes as part of a normal <code>docker run</code> command.</p>
|
|
<p>We can now log in to our new container and see that both <code>apache2</code> and <code>sshd</code>
|
|
are running. We have set the root password to "password" in the Dockerfile
|
|
above and can use that to log in with ssh:</p>
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint well"><code>ssh -p222 root@127.0.0.1
|
|
|
|
ps -ef
|
|
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
|
|
root 1 0 0 07:48 ? 00:00:00 /bin/bash /var/cfengine/bin/docker_processes_run.sh /usr/sbin/sshd /etc/init.d/apache2 start
|
|
root 18 1 0 07:48 ? 00:00:00 /var/cfengine/bin/cf-execd -F
|
|
root 20 1 0 07:48 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd
|
|
root 32 1 0 07:48 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
|
|
www-data 34 32 0 07:48 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
|
|
www-data 35 32 0 07:48 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
|
|
www-data 36 32 0 07:48 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
|
|
root 93 20 0 07:48 ? 00:00:00 sshd: root@pts/0
|
|
root 105 93 0 07:48 pts/0 00:00:00 -bash
|
|
root 112 105 0 07:49 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>If we stop apache2, it will be started again within a minute by
|
|
CFEngine.</p>
|
|
<pre class="prettyprint well"><code>service apache2 status
|
|
Apache2 is running (pid 32).
|
|
service apache2 stop
|
|
* Stopping web server apache2 ... waiting [ OK ]
|
|
service apache2 status
|
|
Apache2 is NOT running.
|
|
# ... wait up to 1 minute...
|
|
service apache2 status
|
|
Apache2 is running (pid 173).
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h2 id="adapting-to-your-applications">Adapting to your applications</h2>
|
|
<p>To make sure your applications get managed in the same manner, there are
|
|
just two things you need to adjust from the above example:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>In the Dockerfile used above, install your applications instead of
|
|
<code>apache2</code> and <code>sshd</code>.</li>
|
|
<li>When you start the container with <code>docker run</code>,
|
|
specify the command line arguments to your applications rather than
|
|
<code>apache2</code> and <code>sshd</code>.</li>
|
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</ul>
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