xds: Fix fallback test FakeClock TSAN failure

d65d3942e increased the test speed of
connect_then_mainServerDown_fallbackServerUp by using FakeClock.
However, it introduced a data race because FakeClock is not thread-safe.
This change injects a single thread for gRPC callbacks such that
syncContext is run on a thread under the test's control.

A simpler approach would be to expose syncContext from XdsClientImpl for
testing. However, this test is in a different package and I wanted to
avoid adding a public method.

```
  Read of size 8 at 0x00008dec9d50 by thread T25:
    #0 io.grpc.internal.FakeClock$ScheduledExecutorImpl.schedule(Lio/grpc/internal/FakeClock$ScheduledTask;JLjava/util/concurrent/TimeUnit;)V FakeClock.java:140
    #1 io.grpc.internal.FakeClock$ScheduledExecutorImpl.schedule(Ljava/lang/Runnable;JLjava/util/concurrent/TimeUnit;)Ljava/util/concurrent/ScheduledFuture; FakeClock.java:150
    #2 io.grpc.SynchronizationContext.schedule(Ljava/lang/Runnable;JLjava/util/concurrent/TimeUnit;Ljava/util/concurrent/ScheduledExecutorService;)Lio/grpc/SynchronizationContext$ScheduledHandle; SynchronizationContext.java:153
    #3 io.grpc.xds.client.ControlPlaneClient$AdsStream.handleRpcStreamClosed(Lio/grpc/Status;)V ControlPlaneClient.java:491
    #4 io.grpc.xds.client.ControlPlaneClient$AdsStream.lambda$onStatusReceived$0(Lio/grpc/Status;)V ControlPlaneClient.java:429
    #5 io.grpc.xds.client.ControlPlaneClient$AdsStream$$Lambda+0x00000001004a95d0.run()V ??
    #6 io.grpc.SynchronizationContext.drain()V SynchronizationContext.java:96
    #7 io.grpc.SynchronizationContext.execute(Ljava/lang/Runnable;)V SynchronizationContext.java:128
    #8 io.grpc.xds.client.ControlPlaneClient$AdsStream.onStatusReceived(Lio/grpc/Status;)V ControlPlaneClient.java:428
    #9 io.grpc.xds.GrpcXdsTransportFactory$EventHandlerToCallListenerAdapter.onClose(Lio/grpc/Status;Lio/grpc/Metadata;)V GrpcXdsTransportFactory.java:149
    #10 io.grpc.PartialForwardingClientCallListener.onClose(Lio/grpc/Status;Lio/grpc/Metadata;)V PartialForwardingClientCallListener.java:39
    ...

  Previous write of size 8 at 0x00008dec9d50 by thread T4 (mutexes: write M0, write M1, write M2, write M3):
    #0 io.grpc.internal.FakeClock.forwardTime(JLjava/util/concurrent/TimeUnit;)I FakeClock.java:368
    #1 io.grpc.xds.XdsClientFallbackTest.connect_then_mainServerDown_fallbackServerUp()V XdsClientFallbackTest.java:358
    ...
```

xds/src/test/java/io/grpc/xds/XdsClientFallbackTest.java

@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+import io.grpc.ChannelCredentials;
+import io.grpc.Grpc;
 import io.grpc.MetricRecorder;
 import io.grpc.Status;
 import io.grpc.internal.ExponentialBackoffPolicy;
@@ -43,11 +45,14 @@ import io.grpc.xds.client.XdsClient;
 import io.grpc.xds.client.XdsClientImpl;
 import io.grpc.xds.client.XdsClientMetricReporter;
 import io.grpc.xds.client.XdsInitializationException;
+import io.grpc.xds.client.XdsTransportFactory;
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.logging.Level;
 import java.util.logging.Logger;
@@ -338,9 +343,21 @@ public class XdsClientFallbackTest {
   public void connect_then_mainServerDown_fallbackServerUp() throws Exception {
     mainXdsServer.restartXdsServer();
     fallbackServer.restartXdsServer();
+    ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
+    XdsTransportFactory xdsTransportFactory = new XdsTransportFactory() {
+      @Override
+      public XdsTransport create(Bootstrapper.ServerInfo serverInfo) {
+        ChannelCredentials channelCredentials =
+            (ChannelCredentials) serverInfo.implSpecificConfig();
+        return new GrpcXdsTransportFactory.GrpcXdsTransport(
+            Grpc.newChannelBuilder(serverInfo.target(), channelCredentials)
+              .executor(executor)
+              .build());
+      }
+    };
     XdsClientImpl xdsClient = CommonBootstrapperTestUtils.createXdsClient(
         new GrpcBootstrapperImpl().bootstrap(defaultBootstrapOverride()),
-        DEFAULT_XDS_TRANSPORT_FACTORY, fakeClock, new ExponentialBackoffPolicy.Provider(),
+        xdsTransportFactory, fakeClock, new ExponentialBackoffPolicy.Provider(),
         MessagePrinter.INSTANCE, xdsClientMetricReporter);
 
     xdsClient.watchXdsResource(XdsListenerResource.getInstance(), MAIN_SERVER, ldsWatcher);
@@ -355,7 +372,8 @@ public class XdsClientFallbackTest {
     // Sleep for the ADS stream disconnect to be processed and for the retry to fail. Between those
     // two sleeps we need the fakeClock to progress by 1 second to restart the ADS stream.
     for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
-      fakeClock.forwardTime(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+      // FakeClock is not thread-safe, and the retry scheduling is concurrent to this test thread
+      executor.submit(() -> fakeClock.forwardTime(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)).get();
       TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
     }
 
@@ -393,6 +411,7 @@ public class XdsClientFallbackTest {
     fakeClock.forwardTime(15000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); // Does not exist timer
     verify(cdsWatcher2, timeout(5000)).onResourceDoesNotExist(eq(CLUSTER_NAME));
     xdsClient.shutdown();
+    executor.shutdown();
   }
 
   @Test