Upgrading to Netty 4.1.0.Beta8

A few things to note:

- ByteString has gone away in favor of AsciiString.

- Http2Headers now uses CharSequence for all methods, so there are a few places that we have to explicitly check for AsciiString to get the optimizations.

- We now have to specify a graceful shutdown timeout for our Netty handlers. Using 5 seconds.

SECURITY.md

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ In Maven, you can use the [os-maven-plugin](https://github.com/trustin/os-maven-
     <dependency>
       <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
       <artifactId>netty-tcnative</artifactId>
-      <version>1.1.33.Fork7</version>
+      <version>1.1.33.Fork9</version>
       <classifier>${tcnative.classifier}</classifier>
     </dependency>
   </dependencies>
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ if (osdetector.os == "linux" && osdetector.release.isLike("fedora")) {
 }
 
 dependencies {
-    compile 'io.netty:netty-tcnative:1.1.33.Fork7:' + tcnative_classifier
+    compile 'io.netty:netty-tcnative:1.1.33.Fork9:' + tcnative_classifier
 }
 ```
 

benchmarks/build.gradle

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ dependencies {
             libraries.mockito,
             libraries.hdrhistogram,
             libraries.netty_tcnative,
-            libraries.netty_transport_native_epoll
+            libraries.netty_epoll
 }
 
 configureProtoCompilation()

build.gradle

@@ -144,9 +144,9 @@ subprojects {
                 protobuf_nano: "com.google.protobuf.nano:protobuf-javanano:${protobufNanoVersion}",
                 protobuf_plugin: 'com.google.protobuf:protobuf-gradle-plugin:0.7.0',
 
-                netty: 'io.netty:netty-codec-http2:4.1.0.Beta6',
+                netty: 'io.netty:netty-codec-http2:4.1.0.Beta8',
-                netty_tcnative: 'io.netty:netty-tcnative:1.1.33.Fork7:' + tcnative_suffix,
+                netty_epoll: 'io.netty:netty-transport-native-epoll:4.1.0.Beta8' + epoll_suffix,
-                netty_transport_native_epoll: 'io.netty:netty-transport-native-epoll:4.1.0.Beta6' + epoll_suffix,
+                netty_tcnative: 'io.netty:netty-tcnative:1.1.33.Fork9:' + tcnative_suffix,
 
                 // Test dependencies.
                 junit: 'junit:junit:4.11',

netty/src/main/java/io/grpc/netty/AbstractNettyHandler.java

@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@
 package io.grpc.netty;
 
 import static io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2CodecUtil.getEmbeddedHttp2Exception;
+import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS;
+import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS;
 
 import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2ConnectionDecoder;
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ import io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2Stream;
  * shutdown the connection) as well as sending the initial connection window at startup.
  */
 abstract class AbstractNettyHandler extends Http2ConnectionHandler {
-
+  private static long GRACEFUL_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT = MILLISECONDS.convert(5, SECONDS);
   private int initialConnectionWindow;
   private ChannelHandlerContext ctx;
 
@@ -56,6 +58,9 @@ abstract class AbstractNettyHandler extends Http2ConnectionHandler {
                        Http2Settings initialSettings) {
     super(decoder, encoder, initialSettings);
 
+    // Set the timeout for graceful shutdown.
+    gracefulShutdownTimeoutMillis(GRACEFUL_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT);
+
     // TODO(nmittler): Use auto-refill once https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java/issues/1175 is fixed.
     this.initialConnectionWindow = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
   }
@@ -81,7 +86,8 @@ abstract class AbstractNettyHandler extends Http2ConnectionHandler {
     if (embedded == null) {
       // Kill the connection instead of propagating the exceptionCaught(). Http2ConnectionHandler
       // only handles Http2Exceptions and propagates everything else.
-      cause = Http2Exception.connectionError(Http2Error.INTERNAL_ERROR, cause, cause.getMessage());
+      String message = cause.getMessage() == null ? "Unknown error occurred" : cause.getMessage();
+      cause = Http2Exception.connectionError(Http2Error.INTERNAL_ERROR, cause, message);
     }
     super.exceptionCaught(ctx, cause);
   }

netty/src/main/java/io/grpc/netty/NettyClientHandler.java

@@ -106,11 +106,12 @@ class NettyClientHandler extends AbstractNettyHandler {
   @VisibleForTesting
   NettyClientHandler(BufferingHttp2ConnectionEncoder encoder, Http2Connection connection,
                      Http2FrameReader frameReader, int flowControlWindow, Ticker ticker) {
-    super(new DefaultHttp2ConnectionDecoder(connection, encoder, frameReader,
+    super(new DefaultHttp2ConnectionDecoder(connection, encoder, frameReader), encoder,
-        new LazyFrameListener()), encoder, createInitialSettings(flowControlWindow));
+            createInitialSettings(flowControlWindow));
     this.ticker = ticker;
 
-    initListener();
+    // Set the frame listener on the decoder.
+    decoder().frameListener(new FrameListener());
 
     streamKey = connection.newKey();
 
@@ -180,10 +181,6 @@ class NettyClientHandler extends AbstractNettyHandler {
     }
   }
 
-  private void initListener() {
-    ((LazyFrameListener) decoder().listener()).setHandler(this);
-  }
-
   private void onHeadersRead(int streamId, Http2Headers headers, boolean endStream)
       throws Http2Exception {
     NettyClientStream stream = clientStream(requireHttp2Stream(streamId));
@@ -476,17 +473,11 @@ class NettyClientHandler extends AbstractNettyHandler {
     return stream;
   }
 
-  private static class LazyFrameListener extends Http2FrameAdapter {
+  private class FrameListener extends Http2FrameAdapter {
-    private NettyClientHandler handler;
-
-    void setHandler(NettyClientHandler handler) {
-      this.handler = handler;
-    }
-
     @Override
     public int onDataRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, int streamId, ByteBuf data, int padding,
         boolean endOfStream) throws Http2Exception {
-      handler.onDataRead(streamId, data, endOfStream);
+      NettyClientHandler.this.onDataRead(streamId, data, endOfStream);
       return padding;
     }
 
@@ -499,23 +490,23 @@ class NettyClientHandler extends AbstractNettyHandler {
         boolean exclusive,
         int padding,
         boolean endStream) throws Http2Exception {
-      handler.onHeadersRead(streamId, headers, endStream);
+      NettyClientHandler.this.onHeadersRead(streamId, headers, endStream);
     }
 
     @Override
     public void onRstStreamRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, int streamId, long errorCode)
         throws Http2Exception {
-      handler.onRstStreamRead(streamId, errorCode);
+      NettyClientHandler.this.onRstStreamRead(streamId, errorCode);
     }
 
     @Override public void onPingAckRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf data)
         throws Http2Exception {
-      Http2Ping p = handler.ping;
+      Http2Ping p = ping;
       if (p != null) {
         long ackPayload = data.readLong();
         if (p.payload() == ackPayload) {
           p.complete();
-          handler.ping = null;
+          ping = null;
         } else {
           logger.log(Level.WARNING, String.format("Received unexpected ping ack. "
               + "Expecting %d, got %d", p.payload(), ackPayload));

netty/src/main/java/io/grpc/netty/NettyServerHandler.java

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@
 
 package io.grpc.netty;
 
-import static com.google.common.base.Charsets.US_ASCII;
 import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
 import static io.grpc.netty.Utils.CONTENT_TYPE_GRPC;
 import static io.grpc.netty.Utils.CONTENT_TYPE_HEADER;
@@ -65,7 +64,6 @@ import io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2Headers;
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2Settings;
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2Stream;
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2StreamVisitor;
-import io.netty.util.ByteString;
 import io.netty.util.ReferenceCountUtil;
 
 import java.util.logging.Level;
@@ -78,7 +76,6 @@ import javax.annotation.Nullable;
  * the context of the Netty Channel thread.
  */
 class NettyServerHandler extends AbstractNettyHandler {
-
   private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(NettyServerHandler.class.getName());
 
   private static final Status GOAWAY_STATUS = Status.UNAVAILABLE;
@@ -105,14 +102,14 @@ class NettyServerHandler extends AbstractNettyHandler {
                              Http2ConnectionEncoder encoder,
                              Http2FrameReader frameReader, Http2Settings settings,
                              int maxMessageSize) {
-    super(new DefaultHttp2ConnectionDecoder(encoder.connection(), encoder, frameReader,
+    super(new DefaultHttp2ConnectionDecoder(encoder.connection(), encoder, frameReader), encoder,
-        new LazyFrameListener()), encoder, settings);
+            settings);
     checkArgument(maxMessageSize >= 0, "maxMessageSize must be >= 0");
     this.maxMessageSize = maxMessageSize;
 
     streamKey = encoder.connection().newKey();
     this.transportListener = Preconditions.checkNotNull(transportListener, "transportListener");
-    initListener();
+    decoder().frameListener(new FrameListener());
   }
 
   private static Http2Settings createInitialSettings(int flowControlWindow, int maxStreams) {
@@ -128,10 +125,6 @@ class NettyServerHandler extends AbstractNettyHandler {
     return connectionError;
   }
 
-  private void initListener() {
-    ((LazyFrameListener) decoder().listener()).setHandler(this);
-  }
-
   @Override
   public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
     serverWriteQueue = new WriteQueue(ctx.channel());
@@ -333,12 +326,12 @@ class NettyServerHandler extends AbstractNettyHandler {
   }
 
   private void verifyContentType(int streamId, Http2Headers headers) throws Http2Exception {
-    ByteString contentType = headers.get(CONTENT_TYPE_HEADER);
+    CharSequence contentType = headers.get(CONTENT_TYPE_HEADER);
     if (contentType == null) {
       throw Http2Exception.streamError(streamId, Http2Error.REFUSED_STREAM,
           "Content-Type is missing from the request");
     }
-    String contentTypeString = contentType.toString(US_ASCII);
+    String contentTypeString = contentType.toString();
     if (!GrpcUtil.isGrpcContentType(contentTypeString)) {
       throw Http2Exception.streamError(streamId, Http2Error.REFUSED_STREAM,
           "Content-Type '%s' is not supported", contentTypeString);
@@ -361,16 +354,18 @@ class NettyServerHandler extends AbstractNettyHandler {
     }
     checkHeader(streamId, headers, CONTENT_TYPE_HEADER, CONTENT_TYPE_GRPC);
     // Remove the leading slash of the path and get the fully qualified method name
-    ByteString path = headers.path();
+    CharSequence path = headers.path();
-    if (path.byteAt(0) != '/') {
+    if (path.charAt(0) != '/') {
       throw Http2Exception.streamError(streamId, Http2Error.REFUSED_STREAM,
           "Malformatted path: %s", path);
     }
-    return path.toString(1, path.length());
+    return path.subSequence(1, path.length()).toString();
   }
 
-  private static void checkHeader(int streamId, Http2Headers headers,
+  private static void checkHeader(int streamId,
-      ByteString header, ByteString expectedValue) throws Http2Exception {
+                                  Http2Headers headers,
+                                  CharSequence header,
+                                  CharSequence expectedValue) throws Http2Exception {
     if (!expectedValue.equals(headers.get(header))) {
       throw Http2Exception.streamError(streamId, Http2Error.REFUSED_STREAM,
           "Header '%s'='%s', while '%s' is expected", header, headers.get(header), expectedValue);
@@ -389,17 +384,12 @@ class NettyServerHandler extends AbstractNettyHandler {
         streamId, Http2Error.INTERNAL_ERROR, cause, cause.getMessage());
   }
 
-  private static class LazyFrameListener extends Http2FrameAdapter {
+  private class FrameListener extends Http2FrameAdapter {
-    private NettyServerHandler handler;
-
-    void setHandler(NettyServerHandler handler) {
-      this.handler = handler;
-    }
 
     @Override
     public int onDataRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, int streamId, ByteBuf data, int padding,
         boolean endOfStream) throws Http2Exception {
-      handler.onDataRead(streamId, data, endOfStream);
+      NettyServerHandler.this.onDataRead(streamId, data, endOfStream);
       return padding;
     }
 
@@ -412,13 +402,13 @@ class NettyServerHandler extends AbstractNettyHandler {
         boolean exclusive,
         int padding,
         boolean endStream) throws Http2Exception {
-      handler.onHeadersRead(ctx, streamId, headers);
+      NettyServerHandler.this.onHeadersRead(ctx, streamId, headers);
     }
 
     @Override
     public void onRstStreamRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, int streamId, long errorCode)
         throws Http2Exception {
-      handler.onRstStreamRead(streamId);
+      NettyServerHandler.this.onRstStreamRead(streamId);
     }
   }
 }

netty/src/main/java/io/grpc/netty/ProtocolNegotiator.java

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ package io.grpc.netty;
 import io.grpc.Internal;
 import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2ConnectionHandler;
-import io.netty.util.ByteString;
+import io.netty.util.AsciiString;
 
 /**
  * A class that provides a Netty handler to control protocol negotiation.
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ public interface ProtocolNegotiator {
     /**
      * The HTTP/2 scheme to be used when sending {@code HEADERS}.
      */
-    ByteString scheme();
+    AsciiString scheme();
   }
 
   /**

netty/src/main/java/io/grpc/netty/ProtocolNegotiators.java

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ import io.netty.handler.ssl.OpenSslEngine;
 import io.netty.handler.ssl.SslContext;
 import io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler;
 import io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandshakeCompletionEvent;
-import io.netty.util.ByteString;
+import io.netty.util.AsciiString;
 
 import java.net.URI;
 import java.util.ArrayDeque;
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ public final class ProtocolNegotiators {
           }
 
           @Override
-          public ByteString scheme() {
+          public AsciiString scheme() {
             return Utils.HTTP;
           }
         };
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ public final class ProtocolNegotiators {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public ByteString scheme() {
+    public AsciiString scheme() {
       return Utils.HTTPS;
     }
   }
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ public final class ProtocolNegotiators {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public ByteString scheme() {
+    public AsciiString scheme() {
       return Utils.HTTPS;
     }
 
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ public final class ProtocolNegotiators {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public ByteString scheme() {
+    public AsciiString scheme() {
       return Utils.HTTP;
     }
 
@@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ public final class ProtocolNegotiators {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public ByteString scheme() {
+    public AsciiString scheme() {
       return Utils.HTTP;
     }
 

netty/src/main/java/io/grpc/netty/Utils.java

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ package io.grpc.netty;
 import static io.grpc.internal.GrpcUtil.AUTHORITY_KEY;
 import static io.grpc.internal.GrpcUtil.CONTENT_TYPE_KEY;
 import static io.grpc.internal.GrpcUtil.USER_AGENT_KEY;
+import static io.netty.util.CharsetUtil.US_ASCII;
 import static io.netty.util.CharsetUtil.UTF_8;
 
 import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
 import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http2.DefaultHttp2Headers;
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2Headers;
-import io.netty.util.ByteString;
+import io.netty.util.AsciiString;
 import io.netty.util.concurrent.Future;
 import io.netty.util.concurrent.GenericFutureListener;
 
@@ -62,18 +63,15 @@ import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
  */
 class Utils {
 
-  public static final ByteString STATUS_OK = new ByteString("200".getBytes(UTF_8));
+  public static final AsciiString STATUS_OK = AsciiString.of("200");
-  public static final ByteString HTTP_METHOD = new ByteString(GrpcUtil.HTTP_METHOD.getBytes(UTF_8));
+  public static final AsciiString HTTP_METHOD = AsciiString.of(GrpcUtil.HTTP_METHOD);
-  public static final ByteString HTTPS = new ByteString("https".getBytes(UTF_8));
+  public static final AsciiString HTTPS = AsciiString.of("https");
-  public static final ByteString HTTP = new ByteString("http".getBytes(UTF_8));
+  public static final AsciiString HTTP = AsciiString.of("http");
-  public static final ByteString CONTENT_TYPE_HEADER =
+  public static final AsciiString CONTENT_TYPE_HEADER = AsciiString.of(CONTENT_TYPE_KEY.name());
-      new ByteString(CONTENT_TYPE_KEY.name().getBytes(UTF_8));
+  public static final AsciiString CONTENT_TYPE_GRPC = AsciiString.of(GrpcUtil.CONTENT_TYPE_GRPC);
-  public static final ByteString CONTENT_TYPE_GRPC =
+  public static final AsciiString TE_HEADER = AsciiString.of("te");
-      new ByteString(GrpcUtil.CONTENT_TYPE_GRPC.getBytes(UTF_8));
+  public static final AsciiString TE_TRAILERS = AsciiString.of(GrpcUtil.TE_TRAILERS);
-  public static final ByteString TE_HEADER = new ByteString("te".getBytes(UTF_8));
+  public static final AsciiString USER_AGENT = AsciiString.of(USER_AGENT_KEY.name());
-  public static final ByteString TE_TRAILERS = new ByteString(GrpcUtil.TE_TRAILERS.getBytes(UTF_8));
-  public static final ByteString USER_AGENT =
-      new ByteString(USER_AGENT_KEY.name().getBytes(UTF_8));
 
   public static final Resource<EventLoopGroup> DEFAULT_BOSS_EVENT_LOOP_GROUP =
       new DefaultEventLoopGroupResource(1, "grpc-default-boss-ELG");
@@ -90,17 +88,26 @@ class Utils {
     // arbitrary binary data, not just ASCII.
     byte[][] headerValues = new byte[http2Headers.size() * 2][];
     int i = 0;
-    for (Map.Entry<ByteString, ByteString> entry : http2Headers) {
+    for (Map.Entry<CharSequence, CharSequence> entry : http2Headers) {
-      headerValues[i++] = entry.getKey().array();
+      headerValues[i++] = bytes(entry.getKey());
-      headerValues[i++] = entry.getValue().array();
+      headerValues[i++] = bytes(entry.getValue());
     }
     return TransportFrameUtil.toRawSerializedHeaders(headerValues);
   }
 
+  private static byte[] bytes(CharSequence seq) {
+    if (seq instanceof AsciiString) {
+      // Fast path - no copy.
+      return ((AsciiString) seq).array();
+    }
+    // Slow path - copy.
+    return seq.toString().getBytes(UTF_8);
+  }
+
   public static Http2Headers convertClientHeaders(Metadata headers,
-      ByteString scheme,
+      AsciiString scheme,
-      ByteString defaultPath,
+      AsciiString defaultPath,
-      ByteString defaultAuthority) {
+      AsciiString defaultAuthority) {
     Preconditions.checkNotNull(defaultPath, "defaultPath");
     Preconditions.checkNotNull(defaultAuthority, "defaultAuthority");
     // Add any application-provided headers first.
@@ -116,12 +123,12 @@ class Utils {
 
     // Override the default authority and path if provided by the headers.
     if (headers.containsKey(AUTHORITY_KEY)) {
-      http2Headers.authority(new ByteString(headers.get(AUTHORITY_KEY).getBytes(UTF_8)));
+      http2Headers.authority(new AsciiString(headers.get(AUTHORITY_KEY).getBytes(UTF_8)));
     }
 
     // Set the User-Agent header.
     String userAgent = GrpcUtil.getGrpcUserAgent("netty", headers.get(USER_AGENT_KEY));
-    http2Headers.set(USER_AGENT, new ByteString(userAgent.getBytes(UTF_8)));
+    http2Headers.set(USER_AGENT, new AsciiString(userAgent.getBytes(UTF_8)));
 
     return http2Headers;
   }
@@ -151,8 +158,8 @@ class Utils {
     Http2Headers http2Headers = new DefaultHttp2Headers();
     byte[][] serializedHeaders = TransportFrameUtil.toHttp2Headers(headers);
     for (int i = 0; i < serializedHeaders.length; i += 2) {
-      ByteString name = new ByteString(serializedHeaders[i], false);
+      AsciiString name = new AsciiString(serializedHeaders[i], false);
-      ByteString value = new ByteString(serializedHeaders[i + 1], false);
+      AsciiString value = new AsciiString(serializedHeaders[i + 1], false);
       http2Headers.add(name, value);
     }
 

netty/src/test/java/io/grpc/netty/BufferingHttp2ConnectionEncoderTest.java

@@ -111,9 +111,10 @@ public class BufferingHttp2ConnectionEncoderTest {
         new DefaultHttp2ConnectionEncoder(connection, writer);
     encoder = new BufferingHttp2ConnectionEncoder(defaultEncoder);
     DefaultHttp2ConnectionDecoder decoder = new DefaultHttp2ConnectionDecoder(connection, encoder,
-        new DefaultHttp2FrameReader(), frameListener);
+        new DefaultHttp2FrameReader());
+    decoder.frameListener(frameListener);
 
-    Http2ConnectionHandler handler = new Http2ConnectionHandler(decoder, encoder);
+    Http2ConnectionHandler handler = new Http2ConnectionHandler.Builder().build(decoder, encoder);
     channel = new EmbeddedChannel(handler);
     ctx = channel.pipeline().context(handler);
   }

netty/src/test/java/io/grpc/netty/NettyClientStreamTest.java

@@ -55,14 +55,12 @@ import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 import io.grpc.Metadata;
 import io.grpc.Status;
 import io.grpc.internal.ClientStreamListener;
-
 import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
 import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
 import io.netty.channel.ChannelPromise;
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http2.DefaultHttp2Headers;
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2Headers;
 import io.netty.util.AsciiString;
-import io.netty.util.ByteString;
 
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -265,10 +263,10 @@ public class NettyClientStreamTest extends NettyStreamTestBase<NettyClientStream
     // Set stream id to indicate it has been created
     stream().id(STREAM_ID);
     Http2Headers headers = new DefaultHttp2Headers().status(STATUS_OK).set(CONTENT_TYPE_HEADER,
-            new ByteString("application/bad", UTF_8));
+            new AsciiString("application/bad", UTF_8));
     stream().transportHeadersReceived(headers, false);
     Http2Headers trailers = new DefaultHttp2Headers()
-        .set(new ByteString("grpc-status", UTF_8), new ByteString("0", UTF_8));
+        .set(new AsciiString("grpc-status", UTF_8), new AsciiString("0", UTF_8));
     stream().transportHeadersReceived(trailers, true);
     ArgumentCaptor<Status> captor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Status.class);
     verify(listener).closed(captor.capture(), any(Metadata.class));

netty/src/test/java/io/grpc/netty/NettyServerHandlerTest.java

@@ -80,7 +80,6 @@ import io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2Headers;
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2Settings;
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2Stream;
 import io.netty.util.AsciiString;
-import io.netty.util.ByteString;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Ignore;
@@ -278,7 +277,7 @@ public class NettyServerHandlerTest extends NettyHandlerTestBase<NettyServerHand
   public void headersWithInvalidContentTypeShouldFail() throws Exception {
     Http2Headers headers = new DefaultHttp2Headers()
             .method(HTTP_METHOD)
-            .set(CONTENT_TYPE_HEADER, new ByteString("application/bad", UTF_8))
+            .set(CONTENT_TYPE_HEADER, new AsciiString("application/bad", UTF_8))
             .set(TE_HEADER, TE_TRAILERS)
             .path(new AsciiString("/foo/bar"));
     ByteBuf headersFrame = headersFrame(STREAM_ID, headers);