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zh-translation: /blog/2019/introducing-istio-operator/index.md (#6180)
* zh-translation: /blog/2019/introducing-istio-operator/index.md ref: servicemesher/istio-official-translation#1460 * resolve lint error * Update index.md * Update index.md * Update index.md * Update reviewer's comments
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Guangming Luo
Istio Automation
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---
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title: Introducing the Istio Operator
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description: Introduction to Istio's new operator-based installation and control plane management feature.
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title: Istio Operator 简介
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description: 关于 Istio 基于 operator 的安装和控制平面管理特性的介绍。
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publishdate: 2019-11-14
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subtitle:
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attribution: Martin Ostrowski (Google), Frank Budinsky (IBM)
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@ -8,43 +8,22 @@ keywords: [install,configuration,istioctl,operator]
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target_release: 1.4
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---
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Kubernetes [operators](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/operator/) provide
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a pattern for encoding human operational knowledge in software and are a popular way to simplify
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the administration of software infrastructure components. Istio is a natural candidate for an automated
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operator as it is challenging to administer.
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Kubernetes [operator](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/operator/) 提供了一种将人类运维知识编码到软件中的模式，是一种简化软件基础结构组件管理的流行方法。Istio 是自动 operator 的理想选择，因为它的管理具有挑战性。
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Up until now, [Helm](https://github.com/helm/helm) has been the primary tool to install and upgrade Istio.
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Istio 1.4 introduces a new method of [installation using {{< istioctl >}}](/zh/docs/setup/install/istioctl/).
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This new installation method builds on the strengths of Helm with the addition of the
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following:
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到目前为止，[Helm](https://github.com/helm/helm) 一直是安装和升级 Istio 的主要工具。Istio 1.4 引入了一种新的[使用{{< istioctl >}}安装](/zh/docs/setup/install/istioctl/)方法。这种新的安装方法建立在 Helm 的优势之上，并添加了以下内容:
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- Users only need to install one tool: `istioctl`
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- All API fields are validated
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- Small customizations not in the API don't require chart or API changes
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- Version specific upgrade hooks can be easily and robustly implemented
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- 用户只需要安装一个工具：`istioctl`
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- 验证所有 API 字段
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- 不在 API 中的小型定制不需要更改 chart 或 API
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- 版本特定的升级 hook 可以很容易和稳健地实现
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The [Helm installation](/zh/docs/setup/install/helm/) method is in the process of deprecation. Upgrading from Istio
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1.4 with a version not initially installed with Helm will also be replaced by a new
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[{{< istioctl >}} upgrade feature](/zh/docs/setup/upgrade/istioctl-upgrade/).
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[Helm 安装](/zh/docs/setup/install/helm/)方法正在弃用中。从 Istio 1.4 升级到一个默认没有安装 Helm 的版本也会被一个新的[{{< istioctl >}} 升级特性](/zh/docs/setup/upgrade/istioctl-upgrade/)所取代。
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The new `istioctl` installation commands use a
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[custom resource](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/)
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to configure the installation. The custom resource is part of a new Istio operator
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implementation intended to simplify the common administrative tasks of installation, upgrade,
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and complex configuration changes for Istio. Validation and checking for installation and upgrade
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is tightly integrated with the tools to prevent common errors and simplify troubleshooting.
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新的 `istioctl` 安装命令使用一个[自定义资源](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/)来配置安装。自定义资源是新的 Istio operator 实现的一部分，该实现旨在简化安装、升级和复杂的 Istio 配置更改等常见管理任务。安装和升级的验证和检查与工具紧密集成，以防止常见错误并简化故障排除。
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## The Operator API
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## Operator API{#the-Operator-API}
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Every operator implementation requires a
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[custom resource definition (CRD)](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/#customresourcedefinitions)
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to define its custom resource, that is, its API. Istio's operator API is defined by the
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[`IstioControlPlane` CRD](/zh/docs/reference/config/istio.operator.v1alpha12.pb/),
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which is generated from an
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[`IstioControlPlane` proto](https://github.com/istio/operator/blob/{{< source_branch_name >}}/pkg/apis/istio/v1alpha2/istiocontrolplane_types.proto).
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The API supports all of Istio's current [configuration profiles](/zh/docs/setup/additional-setup/config-profiles/)
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using a single field to select the profile. For example, the following `IstioControlPlane` resource
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configures Istio using the `demo` profile:
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每个 operator 实现都需要一个[自定义资源定义（CRD）](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/#customresourcedefinitions) 来定义它的自定义资源，即它的API。Istio 的 operator API 由 [`IstioControlPlane` CRD](/zh/docs/reference/config/istio.operator.v1alpha12.pb/) 定义，它是由一个 [`IstioControlPlane` 原型](https://github.com/istio/operator/blob/{{< source_branch_name >}}/pkg/apis/istio/v1alpha2/istiocontrolplane_types.proto)生成的。API 支持所有 Istio 当前的[配置文件](/zh/docs/setup/additional-setup/config-profiles/) ，通过使用一个字段来选择 profile。例如，下面的 `IstioControlPlane` 资源使用 `demo` profile 配置 Istio：
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{{< text yaml >}}
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apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha2
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@ -56,7 +35,7 @@ spec:
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profile: demo
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{{< /text >}}
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You can then customize the configuration with additional settings. For example, to disable telemetry:
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然后可以使用其他设置来自定义配置。例如，禁用遥测：
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{{< text yaml >}}
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apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha2
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@ -70,118 +49,85 @@ spec:
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enabled: false
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{{< /text >}}
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## Installing with {{< istioctl >}}
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## 通过{{< istioctl >}}安装{#install-with-Istio}
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The recommended way to use the Istio operator API is through a new set of `istioctl` commands.
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For example, to install Istio into a cluster:
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使用 Istio operator API 的推荐方法是通过一组新的 `istioctl` 命令。例如，要在集群中安装 Istio：
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ istioctl manifest apply -f <your-istiocontrolplane-customresource>
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{{< /text >}}
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Make changes to the installation configuration by editing the configuration file and executing
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`istioctl manifest apply` again.
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通过编辑配置文件并再次执行 `istioctl manifest apply` 来更改安装配置。
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To upgrade to a new version of Istio:
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升级到新版本的 Istio：
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ istioctl x upgrade -f <your-istiocontrolplane-config-changes>
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{{< /text >}}
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In addition to specifying the complete configuration in an `IstioControlPlane` resource,
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the `istioctl` commands can also be passed individual settings using a `--set` flag:
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除了在 `IstioControlPlane` 资源中指定完整的配置外，`istioctl` 命令还可以使用 `--set` 标志传递单独的设置:
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ istioctl manifest apply --set telemetry.enabled=false
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{{< /text >}}
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There are also a number of other `istioctl` commands that, for example, help you list, display,
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and compare configuration profiles and manifests.
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还有许多其他 `istioctl` 命令，例如，它们可以帮助您列出、显示和比较配置 profile 和 manifest。
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Refer to the Istio [install instructions](/zh/docs/setup/install/istioctl) for more details.
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更多信息请参考 Istio [安装说明](/zh/docs/setup/install/istioctl)。
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## Istio Controller (alpha)
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## Istio Controller (alpha){#Istio-controller-alpha}
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Operator implementations use a Kubernetes controller to continuously monitor their custom resource
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and apply the corresponding configuration changes. The Istio controller monitors an `IstioControlPlane`
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resource and reacts to changes by updating the Istio installation configuration in the corresponding cluster.
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Operator 实现使用 Kubernetes controller 来持续监控它们的自定义资源并应用相应的配置更改。Istio controller 监控一个 `IstioControlPlane` 资源，并通过更新相应集群中的 Istio 安装配置来响应更改。
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In the 1.4 release, the Istio controller is in the alpha phase of development and not fully
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integrated with `istioctl`. It is, however,
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[available for experimentation](/zh/docs/setup/install/standalone-operator/) using `kubectl` commands.
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For example, to install the controller and a default version of Istio into your cluster,
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run the following command:
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在 1.4 版中，Istio controller 处于开发的 alpha 阶段，没有完全集成到 `istioctl` 中。但是，可以使用 `kubectl` 命令来做[实验](/zh/docs/setup/install/standalone-operator/)。例如，要将 controller 和默认版本的 Istio 安装到集群中，请运行以下命令:
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ kubectl apply -f https://<repo URL>/operator.yaml
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$ kubectl apply -f https://<repo URL>/default-cr.yaml
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{{< /text >}}
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You can then make changes to the Istio installation configuration:
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然后你可以对 Istio 的安装配置进行修改:
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ kubectl edit istiocontrolplane example-istiocontrolplane -n istio-system
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{{< /text >}}
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As soon as the resource is updated, the controller will detect the changes and respond by updating
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the Istio installation correspondingly.
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一旦资源更新，controller 将检测到这些变化，并相应地更新 Istio 安装。
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Both the operator controller and `istioctl` commands share the same implementation. The significant
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difference is the execution context. In the `istioctl` case, the operation runs in the admin user’s
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command execution and security context. In the controller case, a pod in the cluster runs the code
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in its security context. In both cases, configuration is validated against a schema and the same correctness
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checks are performed.
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Operator controller 和 `istioctl` 命令共享相同的实现。重要的区别在于其执行上下文。对于 `istioctl`，操作在管理用户的命令执行和安全上下文中运行。对于 controller，集群中的一个 pod 在其安全上下文中运行代码。在这两种情况下，都根据一个 schema 来验证配置，并执行相同的正确性检查。
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## Migration from Helm
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## 从 Helm 迁移{#migration-from-helm}
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To help ease the transition from previous configurations using Helm,
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`istioctl` and the controller support pass-through access for the full Helm installation API.
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为了方便从使用 Helm 过渡，`istioctl` 和 controller 支持对 Helm 安装 API 的直通访问。
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You can pass Helm configuration options using `istioctl --set` by prepending the string `values.` to the option name.
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For example, instead of this Helm command:
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您可以使用 `istioctl --set` 来传递 Helm 配置选项，方法是将字符串 `values.` 放在配置选项前面。例如，对于这个 Helm 命令：
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ helm template ... --set global.mtls.enabled=true
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{{< /text >}}
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You can use this `istioctl` command:
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您可以使用 `istioctl` 这个命令：
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ istioctl manifest generate ... --set values.global.mtls.enabled=true
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{{< /text >}}
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You can also set Helm configuration values in an `IstioControlPlane` custom resource.
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See [Customize Istio settings using Helm](/zh/docs/setup/install/istioctl/#customize-Istio-settings-using-the-helm-API)
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for details.
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你也可以在一个 `IstioControlPlane` 自定义资源中设置 Helm 配置值。参见[使用 Helm 自定义 Istio 设置](/zh/docs/setup/install/istioctl/#customize-Istio-settings-using-the-helm-API)。
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Another feature to help with the transition from Helm is the alpha
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[{{< istioctl >}} manifest migrate](/zh/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/#istioctl-manifest-migrate) command.
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This command can be used to automatically convert a Helm `values.yaml` file to a corresponding
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`IstioControlPlane` configuration.
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另一个可以帮助从 Helm 迁移的特性是这个 alpha 命令：[{{< istioctl >}} manifest migrate](/zh/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/#istioctl-manifest-migrate)。此命令可用于将Helm `values.yaml` 文件自动转换为相应的 `IstioControlPlane` 配置。
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## Implementation
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## 实现{#implementation}
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Several frameworks have been created to help implement operators by generating stubs for some or all of
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the components. The Istio operator was created with the help of a combination of
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[kubebuilder](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubebuilder) and
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[operator framework](https://github.com/operator-framework). Istio's installation now uses a proto to
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describe the API such that runtime validation can be executed against a schema.
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已经创建了几个框架，通过为部分或所有组件生成存根来帮助实现 operator。Istio operator 是在 [kubebuilder](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubebuilder) 和 [operator framework](https://github.com/operator-framework) 的帮助下创建的。Istio 的安装现在使用 proto 来描述 API，这样就可以通过 schema 对执行运行时进行验证。
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More information about the implementation can be found in the README and ARCHITECTURE documents
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in the [Istio operator repository](https://github.com/istio/operator).
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有关实现的更多信息可以在 [Istio operator 仓库](https://github.com/istio/operator)中的 README 和 ARCHITECTURE 文档中找到。
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## Summary
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## 总结{#summary}
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Starting in Istio 1.4, Helm installation is being replaced by new `istioctl` commands using
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a new operator custom resource definition, `IstioControlPlane`, for the configuration API.
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An alpha controller is also available for early experimentation with the operator.
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从 Istio 1.4 开始，Helm 安装将被新的 `istioctl` 命令所取代，该命令使用新的 operator 自定义资源定义，`IstioControlPlane`，作为配置 API。一个 alpha controller 也被提供用于 operator 的早期实验。
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The new `istioctl` commands and operator controller both validate configuration schemas and perform a range of
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checks for installation change or upgrade. These checks are tightly integrated with the tools to prevent
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common errors and simplify troubleshooting.
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新的 `istioctl` 命令和 operator controller 都会验证配置 schema，并执行安装更改或升级的一系列检查。这些检查与工具紧密集成，以防止常见错误并简化故障排除。
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The Istio maintainers expect that this new approach will improve the user experience during Istio
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installation and upgrade, better stabilize the installation API, and help users better manage and
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monitor their Istio installations.
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Istio 维护者们期望这种新方法能够改善安装和升级期间的用户体验，更好地稳定安装 API，帮助用户更好地管理和监控他们的 Istio 安装。
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We welcome your feedback about the new installation approach at [discuss.istio.io](https://discuss.istio.io/).
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我们欢迎您在 [discuss.istio.io](https://discuss.istio.io/) 上对新的安装方法提出反馈。
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