mirror of https://github.com/istio/istio.io.git
Updated mesh expansion guide (#3057)
* Updated mesh expansion guide * Fixed broken link
This commit is contained in:
LisaFC
istio-bot
parent
323487b857
commit
652fd950a7
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@ -5,272 +5,257 @@ weight: 95
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keywords: [kubernetes,vms]
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---
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{{< warning_icon >}} Mesh expansion is broken in the initial release of Istio 1.0. We expect to have a patch available that
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fixes this problem very soon. We apologize for the inconvenience.
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Instructions for integrating VMs and bare metal hosts into an Istio mesh
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This guide provides instructions for integrating VMs and bare metal hosts into an Istio mesh
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deployed on Kubernetes.
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## Prerequisites
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* Setup Istio on Kubernetes by following the instructions in the [Installation guide](/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start/).
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* You have already set up Istio on Kubernetes. If you haven't done so, you can find out how in the [Installation guide](/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start/).
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* The machine must have IP connectivity to the endpoints in the mesh. This
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* Mesh expansion machines must have IP connectivity to the endpoints in the mesh. This
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typically requires a VPC or a VPN, as well as a container network that
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provides direct (without NAT or firewall deny) routing to the endpoints. The machine
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is not required to have access to the cluster IP addresses assigned by Kubernetes.
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* The Istio control plane services (Pilot, Mixer, Citadel) and Kubernetes DNS server must be accessible
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from the VMs. This is typically done using an [Internal Load
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Balancer](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#internal-load-balancer).
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You can also use NodePort, run Istio components on VMs, or use custom network configurations,
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separate documents will cover these advanced configurations.
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* Mesh expansion VMs must have access to a DNS server that resolves names to cluster IP addresses. Options
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include exposing the Kubernetes DNS server through an internal load balancer, using a Core DNS
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server, or configuring the IPs in any other DNS server accessible from the VM.
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* If you haven't already enabled mesh expansion [at install time with Helm](/docs/setup/kubernetes/helm-install/), you have
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installed the [Helm client](https://docs.helm.sh/using_helm/). You'll need it to enable mesh expansion for the cluster.
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## Installation steps
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Setup consists of preparing the mesh for expansion and installing and configuring each VM.
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An example script to help with Kubernetes setup is available as part of the release bundle called
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[`install/tools/setupMeshEx.sh`]({{< github_file >}}/install/tools/setupMeshEx.sh). Check the script content and environment variables supported (like GCP_OPTS).
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An example script to help configure a machine is available as part of the release bundle called [`install/tools/setupIstioVM.sh`]({{< github_file >}}/install/tools/setupIstioVM.sh).
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You should customize it based on your provisioning tools and DNS requirements.
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### Preparing the Kubernetes cluster for expansion
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* Setup Internal Load Balancers (ILBs) for Kube DNS, Pilot, Mixer and Citadel. This step is specific to
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each cloud provider, so you may need to edit annotations. You can use an ILB based on Keepalived at
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[here](https://github.com/gyliu513/work/tree/master/k8s/charts/keepalived) for demo or test in case where
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the cloud provider or private cloud (for example IBM Cloud Private) doesn't have load balancer service
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support out of box.
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The first step when adding non-Kubernetes services to an Istio mesh is to configure the Istio installation itself, and
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generate the configuration files that let mesh expansion VMs connect to the mesh. To prepare the
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cluster for mesh expansion, run the following commands on a machine with cluster admin privileges:
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1. Ensure that mesh expansion is enabled for the cluster. If you did not specify `--set global.meshExpansion=true` at
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install time with Helm, there are two options for enabling mesh expansion, depending on how you originally installed
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Istio on the cluster:
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* If you installed Istio with Helm and Tiller, run `helm upgrade` with the new option:
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ kubectl apply -f @install/kubernetes/mesh-expansion.yaml@
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$ cd install/kubernetes/helm/istio
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$ helm upgrade --set global.meshExpansion=true istio-system .
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$ cd -
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{{< /text >}}
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* Generate the Istio `cluster.env` configuration to be deployed in the VMs. This file contains
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the cluster IP address ranges to intercept.
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* If you installed Istio without Helm and Tiller, use `helm template` to update your configuration with the option and
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reapply with `kubectl`:
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ export GCP_OPTS="--zone MY_ZONE --project MY_PROJECT"
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$ @install/tools/setupMeshEx.sh@ generateClusterEnv MY_CLUSTER_NAME
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$ cd install/kubernetes/helm/istio
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$ helm template --set global.meshExpansion=true --namespace istio-system . > istio.yaml
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$ kubectl apply -f istio.yaml
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$ cd -
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{{< /text >}}
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Here's an example generated file
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> When updating configuration with Helm, you can either set the option on the command line, as in our examples, or add
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it to a `.yaml` values file and pass it to
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the command with `--values`, which is the recommended approach when managing configurations with multiple options. You
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can see some sample values files in your Istio installation's `install/kubernetes/helm/istio` directory and find out
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more about customizing Helm charts in the [Helm documentation](https://docs.helm.sh/using_helm/#using-helm).
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1. Find the IP address of the Istio ingress gateway, as this is how the mesh expansion machines will access [Citadel](/docs/concepts/security/) and [Pilot](/docs/concepts/traffic-management/#pilot-and-envoy).
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ GWIP=$(kubectl get -n istio-system service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}')
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$ echo $GWIP
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35.232.112.158
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{{< /text >}}
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1. Generate a `cluster.env` configuration to deploy in the VMs. This file contains the Kubernetes cluster IP address ranges
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to intercept and redirect via Envoy. You specify the CIDR range when you install Kubernetes as `servicesIpv4Cidr`.
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Replace `$MY_ZONE` and `$MY_PROJECT` in the following example commands with the appropriate values to obtain the CIDR
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after installation:
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ ISTIO_SERVICE_CIDR=$(gcloud container clusters describe $K8S_CLUSTER --zone $MY_ZONE --project $MY_PROJECT --format "value(servicesIpv4Cidr)")
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$ echo -e "ISTIO_CP_AUTH=MUTUAL_TLS\nISTIO_SERVICE_CIDR=$ISTIO_SERVICE_CIDR\n" > cluster.env
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{{< /text >}}
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1. Check the contents of the generated `cluster.env` file. It should be similar to the following example:
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ cat cluster.env
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ISTIO_SERVICE_CIDR=10.63.240.0/20
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ISTIO_CP_AUTH=MUTUAL_TLS
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ISTIO_SERVICE_CIDR=10.55.240.0/20
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{{< /text >}}
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* Generate DNS configuration file to be used in the VMs. This will allow apps on the VM to resolve
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cluster service names, which will be intercepted by the sidecar and forwarded.
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1. (Optional) If the VM only calls services in the mesh, you can skip this step. Otherwise, add the ports the VM exposes
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to the `cluster.env` file with the following command. You can change the ports later if necessary.
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ @install/tools/setupMeshEx.sh@ generateDnsmasq
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$ echo "ISTIO_INBOUND_PORTS=3306,8080" >> cluster.env
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{{< /text >}}
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Here's an example generated file
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1. Extract the initial keys for the service account to use on the VMs.
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ cat kubedns
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server=/svc.cluster.local/10.150.0.7
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address=/istio-mixer/10.150.0.8
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address=/istio-pilot/10.150.0.6
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address=/istio-citadel/10.150.0.9
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address=/istio-mixer.istio-system/10.150.0.8
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address=/istio-pilot.istio-system/10.150.0.6
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address=/istio-citadel.istio-system/10.150.0.9
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$ kubectl -n $SERVICE_NAMESPACE get secret istio.default \
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-o jsonpath='{.data.root-cert\.pem}' |base64 --decode > root-cert.pem
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$ kubectl -n $SERVICE_NAMESPACE get secret istio.default \
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-o jsonpath='{.data.key\.pem}' |base64 --decode > key.pem
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$ kubectl -n $SERVICE_NAMESPACE get secret istio.default \
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-o jsonpath='{.data.cert-chain\.pem}' |base64 --decode > cert-chain.pem
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{{< /text >}}
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### Setting up the machines
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As an example, you can use the following "all inclusive" script to copy
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and install the setup:
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Next, run the following commands on each machine that you want to add to the mesh:
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ export GCP_OPTS="--zone MY_ZONE --project MY_PROJECT"
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$ export SERVICE_NAMESPACE=vm
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{{< /text >}}
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If you are running on a GCE VM, run
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ @install/tools/setupMeshEx.sh@ gceMachineSetup VM_NAME
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{{< /text >}}
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Otherwise, run
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ @install/tools/setupMeshEx.sh@ machineSetup VM_NAME
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{{< /text >}}
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GCE provides better user experience since node agent can always relies on
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GCE metadata instance document to authenticate to Citadel. For everything
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else, e.g., on-prem or raw VM, we have to bootstrap a key/cert as credential,
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which typically has a limited lifetime. And when the cert expires, you have to
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rerun the above command.
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Or the equivalent manual steps:
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------ Manual setup steps begin ------
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* Copy the configuration files and Istio Debian files to each machine joining the cluster.
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Save the files as `/etc/dnsmasq.d/kubedns` and `/var/lib/istio/envoy/cluster.env`.
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* Configure and verify DNS settings. This may require installing `dnsmasq` and either
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adding it to `/etc/resolv.conf` directly or via DHCP scripts. To verify, check that the VM can resolve
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names and connect to pilot, for example:
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On the VM/external host:
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1. Install the Debian package with the Envoy sidecar:
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ host istio-pilot.istio-system
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{{< /text >}}
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Example generated message:
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{{< text plain >}}
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$ istio-pilot.istio-system has address 10.150.0.6
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{{< /text >}}
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Check that you can resolve cluster IPs. The actual address will depend on your deployment.
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ host istio-pilot.istio-system.svc.cluster.local.
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{{< /text >}}
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Example generated message:
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{{< text plain >}}
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istio-pilot.istio-system.svc.cluster.local has address 10.63.247.248
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{{< /text >}}
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Check istio-ingress similarly:
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ host istio-ingress.istio-system.svc.cluster.local.
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{{< /text >}}
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Example generated message:
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{{< text plain >}}
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istio-ingress.istio-system.svc.cluster.local has address 10.63.243.30
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{{< /text >}}
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* Verify connectivity by checking whether the VM can connect to Pilot and to an endpoint.
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{{< text bash json >}}
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$ curl 'http://istio-pilot.istio-system:8080/v1/registration/istio-pilot.istio-system.svc.cluster.local|http-discovery'
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{
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"hosts": [
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{
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"ip_address": "10.60.1.4",
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"port": 8080
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}
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]
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}
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{{< /text >}}
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On the VM, use the address above. It will directly connect to the pod running istio-pilot.
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ curl 'http://10.60.1.4:8080/v1/registration/istio-pilot.istio-system.svc.cluster.local|http-discovery'
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{{< /text >}}
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* Extract the initial Istio authentication secrets and copy them to the machine. The default
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installation of Istio includes Citadel and will generate Istio secrets even if
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the automatic `mTLS`
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setting is disabled (it creates a secret for each service account, and the secret
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is named as `istio.<serviceaccount>`). It is recommended that you perform this
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step to make it easy to enable mutual TLS in the future and to upgrade to a future version
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that will have mutual TLS enabled by default.
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`ACCOUNT` defaults to 'default', or `SERVICE_ACCOUNT` environment variable
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`NAMESPACE` defaults to current namespace, or `SERVICE_NAMESPACE` environment variable
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(this step is done by machineSetup)
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On a Mac either `brew install base64` or `set BASE64_DECODE="/usr/bin/base64 -D"`
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ @install/tools/setupMeshEx.sh@ machineCerts ACCOUNT NAMESPACE
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{{< /text >}}
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The generated files (`key.pem`, `root-cert.pem`, `cert-chain.pem`) must be copied to /etc/certs on each machine, readable by istio-proxy.
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* Install Istio Debian files and start 'istio' and 'istio-auth-node-agent' services.
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Get the debian packages from [GitHub releases](https://github.com/istio/istio/releases) or:
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ source istio.VERSION # defines version and URLs env var
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$ curl -L ${PILOT_DEBIAN_URL}/istio-sidecar.deb > istio-sidecar.deb
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$ curl -L https://storage.googleapis.com/istio-release/releases/1.0.0/deb/istio-sidecar.deb > istio-sidecar.deb
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$ dpkg -i istio-sidecar.deb
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$ systemctl start istio
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$ systemctl start istio-auth-node-agent
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{{< /text >}}
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------ Manual setup steps end ------
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1. Copy the `cluster.env` and `*.pem` files that you created in the previous section to the VM.
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After setup, the machine should be able to access services running in the Kubernetes cluster
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or other mesh expansion machines.
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1. Add the IP address of the Istio gateway (which we found in the [previous section](#preparing-the-kubernetes-cluster-for-expansion))
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to `/etc/hosts` or to
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the DNS server. In our example we'll use `/etc/hosts` as it is the easiest way to get things working. The following is
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an example of updating an `/etc/hosts` file with the Istio gateway address:
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{{< text bash >}}
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ echo "35.232.112.158 istio-citadel istio-pilot istio-pilot.istio-system" >> /etc/hosts
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{{< /text >}}
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1. Install `root-cert.pem`, `key.pem` and `cert-chain.pem` under `/etc/certs/`.
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ sudo mkdir /etc/certs
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$ sudo cp {root-cert.pem,cert-chain.pem,key.pem} /etc/certs
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{{< /text >}}
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1. Install `cluster.env` under `/var/lib/istio/envoy/`.
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ sudo cp cluster.env /var/lib/istio/envoy
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{{< /text >}}
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1. Transfer ownership of the files in `/etc/certs/` and `/var/lib/istio/envoy/` to the Istio proxy.
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ sudo chown -R istio-proxy /etc/certs /var/lib/istio/envoy
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{{< /text >}}
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1. Verify the node agent works:
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ sudo node_agent
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....
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CSR is approved successfully. Will renew cert in 1079h59m59.84568493s
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{{< /text >}}
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1. Start Istio using `systemctl`.
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ sudo systemctl start istio-auth-node-agent
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$ sudo systemctl start istio
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{{< /text >}}
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After setup, the machine can access services running in the Kubernetes cluster
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or on other mesh expansion machines.
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The following example shows accessing a service running in the Kubernetes cluster from a mesh expansion VM using
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`/etc/hosts/`, in this case using a service from the [Bookinfo example](/docs/examples/bookinfo/).
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1. First, on the cluster admin machine get the virtual IP address (`clusterIP`) for the service:
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ kubectl -n bookinfo get svc productpage -o jsonpath='{.spec.clusterIP}'
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10.55.246.247
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{{< /text >}}
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1. Then on the mesh expansion machine, add the service name and address to its `etc/hosts` file. You can then connect to
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the cluster service from the VM, as in the example below:
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ sudo echo "10.55.246.247 productpage.bookinfo.svc.cluster.local" >> /etc/hosts
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$ curl productpage.bookinfo.svc.cluster.local:9080
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... html content ...
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{{< /text >}}
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Check that the processes are running:
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ ps aux |grep istio
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root 6941 0.0 0.2 75392 16820 ? Ssl 21:32 0:00 /usr/local/istio/bin/node_agent --logtostderr
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root 6955 0.0 0.0 49344 3048 ? Ss 21:32 0:00 su -s /bin/bash -c INSTANCE_IP=10.150.0.5 POD_NAME=demo-vm-1 POD_NAMESPACE=default exec /usr/local/bin/pilot-agent proxy > /var/log/istio/istio.log istio-proxy
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istio-p+ 7016 0.0 0.1 215172 12096 ? Ssl 21:32 0:00 /usr/local/bin/pilot-agent proxy
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istio-p+ 7094 4.0 0.3 69540 24800 ? Sl 21:32 0:37 /usr/local/bin/envoy -c /etc/istio/proxy/envoy-rev1.json --restart-epoch 1 --drain-time-s 2 --parent-shutdown-time-s 3 --service-cluster istio-proxy --service-node sidecar~10.150.0.5~demo-vm-1.default~default.svc.cluster.local
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{{< /text >}}
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Istio auth node agent is healthy:
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ sudo systemctl status istio-auth-node-agent
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● istio-auth-node-agent.service - istio-auth-node-agent: The Istio auth node agent
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Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/istio-auth-node-agent.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
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Active: active (running) since Fri 2017-10-13 21:32:29 UTC; 9s ago
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Docs: https://istio.io/
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Main PID: 6941 (node_agent)
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Tasks: 5
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Memory: 5.9M
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CPU: 92ms
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CGroup: /system.slice/istio-auth-node-agent.service
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└─6941 /usr/local/istio/bin/node_agent --logtostderr
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Oct 13 21:32:29 demo-vm-1 systemd[1]: Started istio-auth-node-agent: The Istio auth node agent.
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Oct 13 21:32:29 demo-vm-1 node_agent[6941]: I1013 21:32:29.469314 6941 main.go:66] Starting Node Agent
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Oct 13 21:32:29 demo-vm-1 node_agent[6941]: I1013 21:32:29.469365 6941 nodeagent.go:96] Node Agent starts successfully.
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Oct 13 21:32:29 demo-vm-1 node_agent[6941]: I1013 21:32:29.483324 6941 nodeagent.go:112] Sending CSR (retrial #0) ...
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Oct 13 21:32:29 demo-vm-1 node_agent[6941]: I1013 21:32:29.862575 6941 nodeagent.go:128] CSR is approved successfully. Will renew cert in 29m59.137732603s
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{{< /text >}}
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{{< /text >}}
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## Running services on a mesh expansion machine
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||||
* Configure the sidecar to intercept the port. This is configured in `/var/lib/istio/envoy/sidecar.env`,
|
||||
using the `ISTIO_INBOUND_PORTS` environment variable.
|
||||
You add VM services to the mesh by configuring a
|
||||
[`ServiceEntry`](/docs/reference/config/istio.networking.v1alpha3/#ServiceEntry). A service entry lets you manually add
|
||||
additional services to Istio's model of the mesh so that other services can find and direct traffic to them. Each
|
||||
`ServiceEntry` configuration contains the IP addresses, ports, and labels (where appropriate) of all VMs exposing a
|
||||
particular service, as in the following example.
|
||||
|
||||
Example (on the VM running the service):
|
||||
{{< text bash yaml >}}
|
||||
$ kubectl -n test apply -f - << EOF
|
||||
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
||||
kind: ServiceEntry
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: vm1
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
hosts:
|
||||
- vm1.test.svc.cluster.local
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- number: 80
|
||||
name: http
|
||||
protocol: HTTP
|
||||
resolution: STATIC
|
||||
endpoints:
|
||||
- address: 10.128.0.17
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
http: 8080
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
app: vm1
|
||||
version: 1
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
{{< /text >}}
|
||||
|
||||
## Troubleshooting
|
||||
|
||||
The following are some basic troubleshooting steps for common mesh expansion issues.
|
||||
|
||||
* When making requests from a VM to the cluster, ensure you don't run the requests as `root` or
|
||||
`istio-proxy` user. By default, Istio excludes both users from interception.
|
||||
|
||||
* Verify the machine can reach the IP of the all workloads running in the cluster. For example:
|
||||
|
||||
{{< text bash >}}
|
||||
$ echo "ISTIO_INBOUND_PORTS=3306,8080" > /var/lib/istio/envoy/sidecar.env
|
||||
$ systemctl restart istio
|
||||
$ kubectl get endpoints -n bookinfo productpage -o jsonpath='{.subsets[0].addresses[0].ip}'
|
||||
10.52.39.13
|
||||
{{< /text >}}
|
||||
|
||||
* Manually configure a selector-less service and endpoints. The `selector-less` service is used for
|
||||
services that are not backed by Kubernetes pods.
|
||||
|
||||
Example, on a machine with permissions to modify Kubernetes services:
|
||||
|
||||
{{< text bash >}}
|
||||
$ istioctl -n onprem register mysql 1.2.3.4 3306
|
||||
$ istioctl -n onprem register svc1 1.2.3.4 http:7000
|
||||
$ curl 10.52.39.13:9080
|
||||
html output
|
||||
{{< /text >}}
|
||||
|
||||
After the setup, Kubernetes pods and other mesh expansions should be able to access the
|
||||
services running on the machine.
|
||||
* Check the status of the node agent and sidecar:
|
||||
|
||||
{{< text bash >}}
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl status istio-auth-node-agent
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl status istio
|
||||
{{< /text >}}
|
||||
|
||||
* Check that the processes are running. The following is an example of the processes you should see on the VM if you run
|
||||
`ps`, filtered for `istio`:
|
||||
|
||||
{{< text bash >}}
|
||||
$ ps aux | grep istio
|
||||
root 6941 0.0 0.2 75392 16820 ? Ssl 21:32 0:00 /usr/local/istio/bin/node_agent --logtostderr
|
||||
root 6955 0.0 0.0 49344 3048 ? Ss 21:32 0:00 su -s /bin/bash -c INSTANCE_IP=10.150.0.5 POD_NAME=demo-vm-1 POD_NAMESPACE=default exec /usr/local/bin/pilot-agent proxy > /var/log/istio/istio.log istio-proxy
|
||||
istio-p+ 7016 0.0 0.1 215172 12096 ? Ssl 21:32 0:00 /usr/local/bin/pilot-agent proxy
|
||||
istio-p+ 7094 4.0 0.3 69540 24800 ? Sl 21:32 0:37 /usr/local/bin/envoy -c /etc/istio/proxy/envoy-rev1.json --restart-epoch 1 --drain-time-s 2 --parent-shutdown-time-s 3 --service-cluster istio-proxy --service-node sidecar~10.150.0.5~demo-vm-1.default~default.svc.cluster.local
|
||||
{{< /text >}}
|
||||
|
||||
* Check the Envoy access and error logs:
|
||||
|
||||
{{< text bash >}}
|
||||
$ tail /var/log/istio/istio.log
|
||||
$ tail /var/log/istio/istio.err.log
|
||||
{{< /text >}}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue