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[zh] sync /distributed-tracing/opencensusagent/ (#12686)
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---
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title: OpenCensus Agent
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description: 学习如何配置代理将 OpenCensus 格式化的 span 发送到 OpenTelemetry Collector。
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weight: 10
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keywords: [telemetry,tracing,opencensus,opentelemetry,span]
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aliases:
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- /zh/docs/tasks/opencensusagent-tracing.html
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owner: istio/wg-policies-and-telemetry-maintainers
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test: yes
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---
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完成本任务之后，您将明白如何使用 OpenCensus Agent 跟踪应用，
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如何将这些链路导出到 OpenTelemetry Collector，
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以及如何使用 OpenTelemetry Collector 将这些 span 导出到 Jaeger。
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若要学习 Istio 如何处理链路，请查阅本任务的[概述](../overview)。
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{{< boilerplate before-you-begin-egress >}}
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* 在集群中安装 [Jaeger](/zh/docs/ops/integrations/jaeger/#installation)。
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* 部署 [Bookinfo](/zh/docs/examples/bookinfo/#deploying-the-application) 样例应用。
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## 配置跟踪{#configure-tracing}
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如果您使用了 `IstioOperator` CR 来安装 Istio，请添加以下字段到您的配置：
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{{< text yaml >}}
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apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha1
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kind: IstioOperator
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spec:
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meshConfig:
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defaultProviders:
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tracing:
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- "opencensus"
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enableTracing: true
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extensionProviders:
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- name: "opencensus"
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opencensus:
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service: "opentelemetry-collector.istio-system.svc.cluster.local"
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port: 55678
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context:
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- W3C_TRACE_CONTEXT
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{{< /text >}}
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采用此配置时，OpenCensus Agent 作为默认的跟踪器来安装 Istio。链路数据将被发送到 OpenTelemetry 后端。
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默认情况下，Istio 的 OpenCensus Agent 跟踪将尝试读写 4 种链路头：
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* B3
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* gRPC 的二进制链路头
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* [W3C Trace Context](https://www.w3.org/TR/trace-context/)
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* 和云链路上下文（Cloud Trace Context）。
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如果您提供多个值，代理将尝试以指定的顺序读取链路头，使用第一个成功解析的头并写入所有头。
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这允许使用不同头的服务之间具有互操作性，例如在同一个链路中，一个服务传播 B3 头，
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一个服务传播 W3C Trace Context 头。 在本例中，我们仅使用 W3C Trace Context。
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在默认的配置文件中，采样率为 1%。
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使用 [Telemetry API](/zh/docs/tasks/observability/telemetry/) 将其提高到 100%：
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
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apiVersion: telemetry.istio.io/v1alpha1
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kind: Telemetry
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metadata:
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name: mesh-default
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namespace: istio-system
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spec:
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tracing:
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- randomSamplingPercentage: 100.00
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EOF
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{{< /text >}}
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## 部署 OpenTelemetry Collector{#deploy-otel-collector}
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OpenTelemetry Collector 支持默认将链路导出到核心分发中的[几个后端](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector/blob/master/exporter/README.md#general-information)。
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其他后端可用于 OpenTelemetry Collector 的[贡献分发](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib)中。
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部署并配置 Collector 以接收和导出 span 到 Jaeger 实例：
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: ConfigMap
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metadata:
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name: opentelemetry-collector
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namespace: istio-system
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labels:
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app: opentelemetry-collector
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data:
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config: |
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receivers:
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opencensus:
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endpoint: 0.0.0.0:55678
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processors:
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memory_limiter:
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limit_mib: 100
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spike_limit_mib: 10
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check_interval: 5s
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exporters:
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zipkin:
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# Export via zipkin for easy querying
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endpoint: http://zipkin.istio-system.svc:9411/api/v2/spans
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logging:
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loglevel: debug
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extensions:
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health_check:
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port: 13133
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service:
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extensions:
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- health_check
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pipelines:
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traces:
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receivers:
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- opencensus
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processors:
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- memory_limiter
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exporters:
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- zipkin
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- logging
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---
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: Service
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metadata:
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name: opentelemetry-collector
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namespace: istio-system
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labels:
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app: opentelemetry-collector
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spec:
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type: ClusterIP
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selector:
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app: opentelemetry-collector
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ports:
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- name: grpc-opencensus
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port: 55678
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protocol: TCP
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targetPort: 55678
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---
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apiVersion: apps/v1
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kind: Deployment
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metadata:
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name: opentelemetry-collector
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namespace: istio-system
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labels:
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app: opentelemetry-collector
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spec:
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replicas: 1
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selector:
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matchLabels:
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app: opentelemetry-collector
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template:
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metadata:
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labels:
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app: opentelemetry-collector
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spec:
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containers:
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- name: opentelemetry-collector
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image: "otel/opentelemetry-collector:0.49.0"
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imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
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command:
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- "/otelcol"
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- "--config=/conf/config.yaml"
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ports:
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- name: grpc-opencensus
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containerPort: 55678
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protocol: TCP
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volumeMounts:
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- name: opentelemetry-collector-config
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mountPath: /conf
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readinessProbe:
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httpGet:
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path: /
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port: 13133
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resources:
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requests:
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cpu: 40m
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memory: 100Mi
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volumes:
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- name: opentelemetry-collector-config
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configMap:
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name: opentelemetry-collector
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items:
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- key: config
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path: config.yaml
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EOF
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{{< /text >}}
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## 访问仪表板{#accessing-dashboard}
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[远程访问遥测插件](/zh/docs/tasks/observability/gateways)详细说明了如何配置通过 Gateway 访问 Istio 插件。
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对于测试（和临时访问），您也可以使用端口转发。
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使用以下命令，假设您已将 Jaeger 部署到 `istio-system` 命名空间：
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ istioctl dashboard jaeger
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{{< /text >}}
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## 使用 Bookinfo 样例生成链路{#generating-tarces-using-bookinfo}
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1. 当 Bookinfo 应用启动且运行时，访问一次或多次 `http://$GATEWAY_URL/productpage` 以生成链路信息。
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{{< boilerplate trace-generation >}}
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1. 从仪表板的左侧窗格中，从 **Service** 下拉列表中选择 `productpage.default` 并点击 **Find Traces**：
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{{< image link="./istio-tracing-list.png" caption="Tracing Dashboard" >}}
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1. 点击顶部最近的链路，查看与 `/productpage` 最近请求对应的详情：
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{{< image link="./istio-tracing-details.png" caption="Detailed Trace View" >}}
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1. 链路由一组 span 组成，每个 span 对应在执行 `/productpage` 期间调用的一个 Bookinfo 服务，
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或对应 `istio-ingressgateway` 这种内部 Istio 组件。
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由于您还在 OpenTelemetry Collector 中配置了日志记录导出器，因此您也可以在日志中看到链路：
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ kubectl -n istio-system logs deploy/opentelemetry-collector
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{{< /text >}}
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## 清理{#cleanup}
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1. 使用 Ctrl-C 或以下命令移除可能仍在运行的所有 `istioctl` 进程：
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ killall istioctl
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{{< /text >}}
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1. 如果您未计划探索后续的任务，请参阅 [Bookinfo 清理](/zh/docs/examples/bookinfo/#cleanup)指示说明，
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以关闭该应用。
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1. 移除 `Jaeger` 插件：
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ kubectl delete -f {{< github_file >}}/samples/addons/jaeger.yaml
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{{< /text >}}
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1. 移除 `OpenTelemetry Collector`:
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ kubectl delete -n istio-system cm opentelemetry-collector
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$ kubectl delete -n istio-system svc opentelemetry-collector
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$ kubectl delete -n istio-system deploy opentelemetry-collector
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{{< /text >}}
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1. 在您的 Istio 安装配置中移除 `meshConfig.extensionProviders` 和 `meshConfig.defaultProviders` 设置，或将其设置为 `""`。
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1. 移除遥测资源：
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{{< text bash >}}
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$ kubectl delete telemetries.telemetry.istio.io -n istio-system mesh-default
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{{< /text >}}
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