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class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header1"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse1" title="Concepts help you learn about the different parts of the Istio system and the abstractions it uses." role="button" aria-controls="collapse1"><div> Concepts</div></a></div><div id="collapse1" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header1"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="A broad overview of the Istio system." href="/v0.7/docs/concepts/what-is-istio">What is Istio?</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Provides a conceptual introduction to Istio, including the problems it solves and its high-level architecture." href="/v0.7/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/overview.html">Overview</a></li><li> <a title="Describes the core principles that Istio's design adheres to." href="/v0.7/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/goals.html">Design Goals</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes the various Istio features focused on traffic routing and control." href="/v0.7/docs/concepts/traffic-management">Traffic Management</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Provides a conceptual overview of traffic management in Istio and the features it enables." href="/v0.7/docs/concepts/traffic-management/overview.html">Overview</a></li><li> <a title="Introduces Pilot, the component responsible for managing a distributed deployment of Envoy proxies in the service mesh." href="/v0.7/docs/concepts/traffic-management/pilot.html">Pilot</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how requests are routed between services in an Istio service mesh." href="/v0.7/docs/concepts/traffic-management/request-routing.html">Request Routing</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how traffic is load balanced across instances of a service in the mesh." href="/v0.7/docs/concepts/traffic-management/load-balancing.html">Discovery & Load Balancing</a></li><li> <a title="An overview of failure recovery capabilities in Envoy that can be leveraged by unmodified applications to improve robustness and prevent cascading failures." href="/v0.7/docs/concepts/traffic-management/handling-failures.html">Handling Failures</a></li><li> <a title="Introduces the idea of systematic fault injection that can be used to uncover conflicting failure recovery policies across services." href="/v0.7/docs/concepts/traffic-management/fault-injection.html">Fault Injection</a></li><li> <a title="Provides a high-level overview of the domain-specific language used by Istio to configure traffic management rules in the service mesh." href="/v0.7/docs/concepts/traffic-management/rules-configuration.html">Rules Configuration</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality." href="/v0.7/docs/concepts/security">Security</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Describes Istio RBAC which provides access control for services in Istio Mesh." href="/v0.7/docs/concepts/security/rbac.html">Istio Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)</a></li><li> <a title="Describes Istio's mutual TLS authentication architecture which provides a strong service identity and secure communication channels between services." href="/v0.7/docs/concepts/security/mutual-tls.html">Mutual TLS Authentication</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Introduces the policy control mechanisms." href="/v0.7/docs/concepts/policy-and-control">Policies and Control</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Explains the important notion of attributes, which is a central mechanism for how policies and control are applied to services within the mesh." href="/v0.7/docs/concepts/policy-and-control/attributes.html">Attributes</a></li><li> <a title="Architectural deep-dive into the design of Mixer, which provides the policy and control mechanisms within the service mesh." href="/v0.7/docs/concepts/policy-and-control/mixer.html">Mixer</a></li><li> <a title="An overview of the key concepts used to configure Mixer." href="/v0.7/docs/concepts/policy-and-control/mixer-config.html">Mixer Configuration</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header20"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse20" title="Setup contains instructions for installing the Istio control plane in various environments (e.g., Kubernetes, Consul, etc.), as well as instructions for installing the sidecar in the application deployment." role="button" aria-controls="collapse20"><div> Setup</div></a></div><div id="collapse20" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header20"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes and adding VMs into the mesh." href="/v0.7/docs/setup/kubernetes">Kubernetes</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh in a Kubernetes cluster." href="/v0.7/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start.html">Quick Start</a></li><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service using Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)" href="/v0.7/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start-gke-dm.html">Quick Start with Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li> <a title="Install Istio with the included Helm chart." href="/v0.7/docs/setup/kubernetes/helm-install.html">Installation with Helm</a></li><li> <a title="Install Itio with the included Ansible playbook." href="/v0.7/docs/setup/kubernetes/ansible-install.html">Installation with Ansible</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href="/v0.7/docs/setup/kubernetes/sidecar-injection.html">Installing the Istio Sidecar</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for integrating VMs and bare metal hosts into an Istio mesh deployed on Kubernetes." href="/v0.7/docs/setup/kubernetes/mesh-expansion.html">Istio Mesh Expansion</a></li><li> <a title="This guide demonstrates how to upgrade the Istio control plane and data plane independently." href="/v0.7/docs/setup/kubernetes/upgrading-istio.html">Upgrading Istio</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href="/v0.7/docs/setup/consul">Nomad & Consul</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href="/v0.7/docs/setup/consul/quick-start.html">Quick Start on Docker</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href="/v0.7/docs/setup/consul/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Eureka based environment." href="/v0.7/docs/setup/eureka">Eureka</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href="/v0.7/docs/setup/eureka/quick-start.html">Quick Start on Docker</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in an Eureka based environment." href="/v0.7/docs/setup/eureka/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Cloud Foundry." href="/v0.7/docs/setup/cloudfoundry">Cloud Foundry</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Cloud Foundry." href="/v0.7/docs/setup/cloudfoundry/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Apache Mesos." href="/v0.7/docs/setup/mesos">Mesos</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Apache Mesos." href="/v0.7/docs/setup/mesos/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header39"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse39" title="Tasks show you how to do a single specific targeted activity with the Istio system." role="button" aria-controls="collapse39"><div> Tasks</div></a></div><div id="collapse39" class="collapse show" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header39"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that demonstrate traffic routing features of Istio service mesh." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management">Traffic Management</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing based on weights and HTTP headers." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing.html">Configuring Request Routing</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to inject delays and test the resiliency of your application." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection.html">Fault Injection</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting.html">Traffic Shifting</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts.html">Setting Request Timeouts</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how to configure Istio Ingress on Kubernetes." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress.html">Istio Ingress</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress.html">Control Egress Traffic</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how to configure Istio to route TCP traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress-tcp.html">Control Egress TCP Traffic</a></li><li> <a title="This task demonstrates the circuit-breaking capability for resilient applications" href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking.html">Circuit Breaking</a></li><li> <a title="Demonstrates Istio's traffic shadowing/mirroring capabilities" href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring.html">Mirroring</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="WIP - Describes tasks that demonstrate traffic routing features of Istio service mesh." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management-v1alpha3">Traffic Management (v1alpha3)</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing based on weights and HTTP headers." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management-v1alpha3/request-routing.html">Configuring Request Routing</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to inject delays and test the resiliency of your application." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management-v1alpha3/fault-injection.html">Fault Injection</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management-v1alpha3/traffic-shifting.html">Traffic Shifting</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management-v1alpha3/request-timeouts.html">Setting Request Timeouts</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how to configure Istio to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management-v1alpha3/ingress.html">Control Ingress Traffic</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management-v1alpha3/egress.html">Control Egress Traffic</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how to configure Istio to route TCP traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management-v1alpha3/egress-tcp.html">Control Egress TCP Traffic</a></li><li> <a title="This task demonstrates the circuit-breaking capability for resilient applications" href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management-v1alpha3/circuit-breaking.html">Circuit Breaking</a></li><li> <a title="This task demonstrates the traffic shadowing/mirroring capabilities of Istio" href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management-v1alpha3/mirroring.html">Mirroring</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that demonstrate policy enforcement features." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement">Policy Enforcement</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="This task shows you how to use Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limiting.html">Enabling Rate Limits</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that demonstrate how to collect telemetry information from the service mesh." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/telemetry">Metrics, Logs, and Traces</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="How to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin or Jaeger" href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing.html">Distributed Tracing</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics and logs." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics-logs.html">Collecting Metrics and Logs</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/telemetry/tcp-metrics.html">Collecting Metrics for TCP services</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/telemetry/querying-metrics.html">Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/telemetry/using-istio-dashboard.html">Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to generate a graph of services within an Istio mesh." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/telemetry/servicegraph.html">Generating a Service Graph</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to log to a Fluentd daemon" href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/telemetry/fluentd.html">Logging with Fluentd</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-down'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that help securing the service mesh traffic." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/security">Security</a> </label><ul class="tree"><li> <span class="current" title="This task shows you how to verify and test Istio's automatic mutual TLS authentication.">Testing Istio mutual TLS authentication</span></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to control access to a service using the Kubernetes labels." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/security/basic-access-control.html">Setting up Basic Access Control</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to securely control access to a service using service accounts." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/security/secure-access-control.html">Setting up Secure Access Control</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to set up role-based access control for services in Istio mesh." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/security/role-based-access-control.html">Setting up Istio Role-Based Access Control</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to change mutual TLS authentication for a single service." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/security/per-service-mtls.html">Per-service mutual TLS authentication enablement</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how operators can plug existing certificate and key into Istio CA." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/security/plugin-ca-cert.html">Plugging in CA certificate and key</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to enable Istio CA health check." href="/v0.7/docs/tasks/security/health-check.html">Enabling Istio CA health check</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header78"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse78" title="Guides include a variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with." role="button" aria-controls="collapse78"><div> Guides</div></a></div><div id="collapse78" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header78"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li> <a title="This guide deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices which will be used to demonstrate various features of the Istio service mesh." href="/v0.7/docs/guides/bookinfo.html">Bookinfo</a></li><li> <a title="This guide demonstrates how to use various traffic management capabilities of an Istio service mesh." href="/v0.7/docs/guides/intelligent-routing.html">Intelligent Routing</a></li><li> <a title="This sample demonstrates how to obtain uniform metrics, logs, traces across different services using Istio Mixer and Istio sidecar." href="/v0.7/docs/guides/telemetry.html">In-Depth Telemetry</a></li><li> <a title="This sample deploys the Bookinfo services across Kubernetes and a set of virtual machines, and illustrates how to use the Istio service mesh to control this infrastructure as a single mesh." href="/v0.7/docs/guides/integrating-vms.html">Integrating Virtual Machines</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header83"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse83" title="The Reference section contains detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters." role="button" aria-controls="collapse83"><div> Reference</div></a></div><div id="collapse83" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header83"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Detailed information on API parameters." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/api">API</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="API definitions to interact with Mixer" href="/v0.7/docs/reference/api/istio.mixer.v1.html">Mixer</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Detailed information on configuration options." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config">Configuration</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Configuration state for the Mixer client library" href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/istio.mixer.v1.config.client.html">Mixer Client</a></li><li> <a title="Configuration affecting resource-based access control" href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/istio.rbac.v1alpha1.html">RBAC</a></li><li> <a title="Configuration affecting traffic routing" href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/istio.routing.v1alpha1.html">Route Rules Alpha 1</a></li><li> <a title="Configuration affecting traffic routing" href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/istio.networking.v1alpha3.html">Route Rules Alpha 3</a></li><li> <a title="Configuration affecting the service mesh as a whole" href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/istio.mesh.v1alpha1.html">Service Mesh</a></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Detailed information on configuration and API exposed by Mixer." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/mixer">Mixer</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Definitions used to create adapters and templates" href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/mixer/istio.mixer.adapter.model.v1beta1.html">Mixer Adapter Model</a></li><li> <a title="Describes the base attribute vocabulary used for policy and control." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/mixer/attribute-vocabulary.html">Attribute Vocabulary</a></li><li> <a title="Mixer config expression language reference." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/mixer/expression-language.html">Expression Language</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Generated documentation for Mixer's adapters." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/adapters">Adapters</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Adapter for circonus.com's monitoring solution." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/adapters/circonus.html">Circonus</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a dogstatsd agent for delivery to DataDog" href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/adapters/datadog.html">Datadog</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that always returns a precondition denial." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/adapters/denier.html">Denier</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that delivers logs to a fluentd daemon." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/adapters/fluentd.html">Fluentd</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that extracts information from a Kubernetes environment." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/adapters/kubernetesenv.html">Kubernetes Env</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that performs whitelist or blacklist checks" href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/adapters/list.html">List</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter for a simple in-memory quota management system." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/adapters/memquota.html">Memory quota</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that implements an Open Policy Agent engine" href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/adapters/opa.html">OPA</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that exposes Istio metrics for ingestion by a Prometheus harvester." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/adapters/prometheus.html">Prometheus</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that exposes Istio's Role-Based Access Control model." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/adapters/rbac.html">RBAC</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter for a Redis-based quota management system." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/adapters/redisquota.html">Redis Quota</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that delivers logs and metrics to Google Service Control" href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/adapters/servicecontrol.html">Service Control</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Papertrail and AppOptics backends" href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/adapters/solarwinds.html">SolarWinds</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Stackdriver" href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/adapters/stackdriver.html">Stackdriver</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a StatsD backend" href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/adapters/statsd.html">StatsD</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter for outputting logs and metrics locally." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/adapters/stdio.html">Stdio</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Generated documentation for Mixer's Templates." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/template">Templates</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="A template that represents a single API key." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/template/apikey.html">API Key</a></li><li> <a title="A template used to represent an access control query." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/template/authorization.html">Authorization</a></li><li> <a title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/template/checknothing.html">Check Nothing</a></li><li> <a title="A template that is used to control the production of Kubernetes-specific attributes." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/template/kubernetes.html">Kubernetes</a></li><li> <a title="A template designed to let you perform list checking operations." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/template/listentry.html">List Entry</a></li><li> <a title="A template that represents a single runtime log entry." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/template/logentry.html">Log Entry</a></li><li> <a title="A template that represents a single runtime metric." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/template/metric.html">Metric</a></li><li> <a title="A template that represents a quota allocation request" href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/template/quota.html">Quota</a></li><li> <a title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/template/reportnothing.html">Report Nothing</a></li><li> <a title="A template used by the Google Service Control adapter." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/config/template/servicecontrolreport.html">Service Control Report</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes usage and options of the Istio commands and utilities." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/commands">Commands</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Istio Certificate Authority (CA)" href="/v0.7/docs/reference/commands/istio_ca.html">istio_ca</a></li><li> <a title="Istio control interface" href="/v0.7/docs/reference/commands/istioctl.html">istioctl</a></li><li> <a title="Utility to trigger direct calls to Mixer's API." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/commands/mixc.html">mixc</a></li><li> <a title="Mixer is Istio's abstraction on top of infrastructure backends." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/commands/mixs.html">mixs</a></li><li> <a title="Istio security per-node agent" href="/v0.7/docs/reference/commands/node_agent.html">node_agent</a></li><li> <a title="Istio Pilot agent" href="/v0.7/docs/reference/commands/pilot-agent.html">pilot-agent</a></li><li> <a title="Istio Pilot" href="/v0.7/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery.html">pilot-discovery</a></li><li> <a title="Kubernetes webhook for automatic Istio sidecar injection" href="/v0.7/docs/reference/commands/sidecar-injector.html">sidecar-injector</a></li></ul></li><li> <a title="How to write Istio config YAML content." href="/v0.7/docs/reference/writing-config.html">Writing Configuration</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></nav></div><div class="col-12 col-md-9 col-lg-7 col-xl-8"><p class="d-md-none"> <label class="sidebar-toggler" data-toggle="offcanvas"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i> </label></p><main role="main"><h1>Testing Istio mutual TLS authentication</h1><p>Through this task, you will learn how to:</p><ul><li><p>Verify the Istio mutual TLS Authentication setup</p></li><li><p>Manually test the authentication</p></li></ul><h2 id="before-you-begin">Before you begin</h2><p>This task assumes you have a Kubernetes cluster:</p><ul><li>Installed Istio with mutual TLS authentication by following <a href="/v0.7/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start.html">the Istio installation task</a>. Note to choose “enable Istio mutual TLS Authentication feature” at step 5 in “<a href="/v0.7/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start.html#installation-steps">Installation steps</a>”.</li></ul><h2 id="verifying-istios-mutual-tls-authentication-setup">Verifying Istio’s mutual TLS authentication setup</h2><p>The following commands assume the services are deployed in the default namespace. Use the parameter <em>-n yournamespace</em> to specify a namespace other than the default one.</p><h3 id="verifying-istio-ca">Verifying Istio CA</h3><p>Verify the cluster-level CA is running:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl get deploy <span class="nt">-l</span> <span class="nv">istio</span><span class="o">=</span>istio-ca <span class="nt">-n</span> istio-system
|
||
</code></pre></div></div><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
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istio-ca 1 1 1 1 1m
|
||
</code></pre></div></div><p>Istio CA is up if the “AVAILABLE” column is 1.</p><h3 id="verifying-service-configuration">Verifying service configuration</h3><ol><li><p>Verify AuthPolicy setting in ConfigMap.</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl get configmap istio <span class="nt">-o</span> yaml <span class="nt">-n</span> istio-system | <span class="nb">grep </span>authPolicy | head <span class="nt">-1</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div></div><p>Istio mutual TLS authentication is enabled if the line <code class="highlighter-rouge">authPolicy: MUTUAL_TLS</code> is uncommented (doesn’t have a <code class="highlighter-rouge">#</code>).</p></li></ol><h2 id="testing-the-authentication-setup">Testing the authentication setup</h2><p>When running Istio with mutual TLS authentication turned on, you can use curl in one service’s Envoy to send request to other services. For example, after starting the <a href="/v0.7/docs/guides/bookinfo.html">Bookinfo</a> sample application you can ssh into the Envoy container of <code class="highlighter-rouge">productpage</code> service, and send request to other services by curl.</p><p>There are several steps:</p><ol><li>get the productpage pod name<div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl get pods <span class="nt">-l</span> <span class="nv">app</span><span class="o">=</span>productpage
|
||
</code></pre></div></div><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
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||
productpage-v1-4184313719-5mxjc 2/2 Running 0 23h
|
||
</code></pre></div></div><p>Make sure the pod is “Running”.</p></li><li>ssh into the Envoy container<div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl <span class="nb">exec</span> <span class="nt">-it</span> productpage-v1-4184313719-5mxjc <span class="nt">-c</span> istio-proxy /bin/bash
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||
</code></pre></div></div></li><li>make sure the key/cert is in /etc/certs/ directory<div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">ls</span> /etc/certs/
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||
</code></pre></div></div><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>cert-chain.pem key.pem root-cert.pem
|
||
</code></pre></div></div><p>Note that cert-chain.pem is Envoy’s cert that needs to present to the other side. key.pem is Envoy’s private key paired with cert-chain.pem. root-cert.pem is the root cert to verify the other side’s cert. Currently we only have one CA, so all Envoys have the same root-cert.pem.</p></li><li>make sure ‘curl’ is installed by<div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>curl
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||
</code></pre></div></div><p>If curl is installed, you should see something like</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>curl: try <span class="s1">'curl --help'</span> or <span class="s1">'curl --manual'</span> <span class="k">for </span>more information
|
||
</code></pre></div></div><p>Otherwise run below command to start over</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl apply <span class="nt">-f</span> <<span class="o">(</span>istioctl kube-inject <span class="nt">--debug</span> <span class="nt">-f</span> samples/bookinfo/kube/bookinfo.yaml<span class="o">)</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div></div><p>Note: istio proxy image does not have curl installed while the debug image does. The “–debug” flag in above command redeploys the service with debug image.</p></li><li>send requests to another service, for example, details.<div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>curl https://details:9080/details/0 <span class="nt">-v</span> <span class="nt">--key</span> /etc/certs/key.pem <span class="nt">--cert</span> /etc/certs/cert-chain.pem <span class="nt">--cacert</span> /etc/certs/root-cert.pem <span class="nt">-k</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div></div><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>...
|
||
error fetching CN from cert:The requested data were not available.
|
||
...
|
||
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
|
||
< content-type: text/html<span class="p">;</span> <span class="nv">charset</span><span class="o">=</span>utf-8
|
||
< content-length: 1867
|
||
< server: envoy
|
||
< date: Thu, 11 May 2017 18:59:42 GMT
|
||
< x-envoy-upstream-service-time: 2
|
||
...
|
||
</code></pre></div></div></li></ol><p>The service name and port are defined <a href="https://github.com/istio/istio/blob/master/samples/bookinfo/kube/bookinfo.yaml">here</a>.</p><p>Note that Istio uses <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-service-account/">Kubernetes service account</a> as service identity, which offers stronger security than service name (refer <a href="/v0.7/docs/concepts/security/mutual-tls.html#identity">here</a> for more information). Thus the certificates used in Istio do not have service name, which is the information that curl needs to verify server identity. As a result, we use curl option ‘-k’ to prevent the curl client from aborting when failing to find and verify the server name (i.e., productpage.ns.svc.cluster.local) in the certificate provided by the server.</p><p>Please check secure naming <a href="/v0.7/docs/concepts/security/mutual-tls.html#workflow">here</a> for more information about how the client verifies the server’s identity in Istio.</p><p>What we are demonstrating and verifying above is that the server accepts the connection from the client. Try not giving the client <code class="highlighter-rouge">--key</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">--cert</code> and observe you are not allowed to connect and you do not get an HTTP 200.</p><h2 id="whats-next">What’s next</h2><ul><li>Learn more about the design principles behind Istio’s automatic mTLS authentication between all services in this <a href="/v0.7/blog/istio-auth-for-microservices.html">blog</a>.</li></ul></main></div><div class="col-12 col-md-2 d-none d-lg-block"><nav class="toc"><div class="spacer"></div><div class="directory" role="directory"><ul><li><a href="#before-you-begin">Before you begin</a></li><li><a href="#verifying-istios-mutual-tls-authentication-setup">Verifying Istio’s mutual TLS authentication setup</a><ul><li><a href="#verifying-istio-ca">Verifying Istio CA</a></li><li><a href="#verifying-service-configuration">Verifying service configuration</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#testing-the-authentication-setup">Testing the authentication setup</a></li><li><a href="#whats-next">What’s next</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div></div><div class="footer"><footer><div class="container-fluid"><div class="row"><div class="col-6 col-lg-4" role="navigation"><div class="container-fluid"><div class="row justify-content-start"><div class="icon"> <a title="Join the istio-users@ mailing list to participate in discussions and get help troubleshooting problems" href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/istio-users"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 490 490"><path d="M480,410.248H10c-5.523,0-10-4.477-10-10V89.752c0-5.523,4.477-10,10-10h470c5.522,0,10,4.477,10,10v310.495 C490,405.771,485.522,410.248,480,410.248z M20,390.248h450V99.752H20V390.248z"/><path d="M245,286.131c-2.083,0-4.167-0.649-5.931-1.948L48.64,143.929c-4.446-3.275-5.396-9.535-2.121-13.982 c3.275-4.447,9.535-5.396,13.982-2.121L245,263.712l184.5-135.886c4.447-3.274,10.709-2.326,13.982,2.121 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