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Need Help?</div></div><div role=tabpanel aria-labelledby=header0><div class=card-body><ul class=tree><li class=sublist><label class=tree-toggle><i class="fa fa-lg fa-caret-down"></i><a title="Hints, tips, tricks about running an Istio mesh." href=/v1.0/help/ops/>Operations Guide</a></label><ul class=tree><li><a title="Describes how to use component-level logging to get insights into a running component's behavior." href=/v1.0/help/ops/component-logging/>Component Logging</a></li><li><a title="Describes how to use ControlZ to get insight into individual running components." href=/v1.0/help/ops/controlz/>Component Introspection</a></li><li><a title="How to do low-level debugging of Istio components." href=/v1.0/help/ops/component-debugging/>Component Debugging</a></li><li class=sublist><label class=tree-toggle><i class="fa fa-lg fa-caret-down"></i><a title="Helps you manage the networking aspects of a running mesh." href=/v1.0/help/ops/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a></label><ul class=tree><li><span class=current title="Demonstrates how to debug Pilot and Envoy.">Debugging Envoy and Pilot</span></li><li><a title="Provides specific deployment and configuration guidelines." href=/v1.0/help/ops/traffic-management/deploy-guidelines/>Deployment and Configuration Guidelines</a></li><li><a title="An introduction to Istio networking operational aspects." href=/v1.0/help/ops/traffic-management/introduction/>Introduction to Network Operations</a></li><li><a title="Describes tools and techniques to observe traffic management or issues related to traffic management." href=/v1.0/help/ops/traffic-management/observing/>Observing Traffic Management</a></li><li><a title="Describes tools and techniques that can be used to root cause networking issues." href=/v1.0/help/ops/traffic-management/troubleshooting/>Troubleshooting Networking Issues</a></li></ul></li><li class=sublist><label class=tree-toggle><i class="fa fa-lg fa-caret-right"></i><a title="Helps you manage the security aspects of a running mesh." href=/v1.0/help/ops/security/>Security</a></label><ul class="tree collapse"><li><a title="Demonstrates how to debug authorization." href=/v1.0/help/ops/security/debugging-authorization/>Debugging Authorization</a></li><li><a title="What to do if Citadel is not behaving properly." href=/v1.0/help/ops/security/repairing-citadel/>Repairing Citadel</a></li><li><a title="What to do if you suspect problems with Istio keys and certificates." href=/v1.0/help/ops/security/keys-and-certs/>Keys and Certificates</a></li><li><a title="What to do if mutual TLS authentication isn't working." href=/v1.0/help/ops/security/mutual-tls/>Mutual TLS</a></li><li><a title="How to get health checks working when mutual TLS is enabled." href=/v1.0/help/ops/security/health-checks-and-mtls/>Health Checks and Mutual TLS</a></li><li><a title="Authorization is enabled, but requests make it through anyway." href=/v1.0/help/ops/security/authorization-permissive/>Authorization Too Permissive</a></li><li><a title="Authorization is enabled and no requests make it through to the service." href=/v1.0/help/ops/security/authorization-restrictive/>Authorization Too Restrictive</a></li><li><a title="What to do if end-user authentication doesn't work." href=/v1.0/help/ops/security/end-user-auth/>End User Authentication</a></li></ul></li><li class=sublist><label class=tree-toggle><i class="fa fa-lg fa-caret-right"></i><a title="Helps you manage telemetry collection and visualization in a running mesh." href=/v1.0/help/ops/telemetry/>Telemetry</a></label><ul class="tree collapse"><li><a href=/v1.0/help/ops/telemetry/missing-metrics/>Missing Metrics</a></li><li><a title="Dealing with Grafana issues." href=/v1.0/help/ops/telemetry/grafana/>Grafana</a></li></ul></li><li class=sublist><label class=tree-toggle><i class="fa fa-lg fa-caret-right"></i><a title="Helps you diagnose and repair Istio installations." href=/v1.0/help/ops/setup/>Installation and Setup</a></label><ul class="tree collapse"><li><a title="Provides a general overview of Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks and the related issues that can arise." href=/v1.0/help/ops/setup/webhook/>Dynamic Admission Webhooks Overview</a></li><li><a title="Describes Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for server-side configuration validation." href=/v1.0/help/ops/setup/validation/>Configuration Validation Webhook</a></li><li><a title="Describes Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for automatic sidecar injection." href=/v1.0/help/ops/setup/injection/>Sidecar Injection Webhook</a></li></ul></li><li><a title="Advice on tackling common problems with Istio." href=/v1.0/help/ops/misc/>Miscellaneous</a></li></ul></li><li class=sublist><label class=tree-toggle><i class="fa fa-lg fa-caret-right"></i><a title="Frequently Asked Questions about Istio." href=/v1.0/help/faq/>FAQ</a></label><ul class="tree collapse"><li><a title="General Q & A." href=/v1.0/help/faq/general/>General</a></li><li><a title="Setup Q & A." href=/v1.0/help/faq/setup/>Setup</a></li><li><a title="Security Q & A." href=/v1.0/help/faq/security/>Security</a></li><li><a title="Mixer Q & A." href=/v1.0/help/faq/mixer/>Mixer</a></li><li><a title="Telemetry Q & A." href=/v1.0/help/faq/telemetry/>Telemetry</a></li><li><a title="Traffic Management Q & A." href=/v1.0/help/faq/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a></li></ul></li><li><a title="A glossary of common Istio terms." href=/v1.0/help/glossary/>Glossary</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></nav></div><div class="col-12 col-md-9 col-xl-8"><p class=d-md-none><label class=sidebar-toggler data-toggle=offcanvas><i class="fa fa-sign-out-alt"></i></label></p><main aria-labelledby=title><div class=pagenav><p><a href=/v1.0/help/ops/traffic-management/ title="Helps you manage the networking aspects of a running mesh."><i style=transform:scaleX(-1) class="fa fa-level-up-alt"></i> Traffic Management</a></p></div><h1 id=title>Debugging Envoy and Pilot</h1><nav class="toc-inlined d-xl-none d-print-none"><hr><div class=directory role=directory><nav id=InlinedTableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#before-you-begin>Before you begin</a></li><li><a href=#get-an-overview-of-your-mesh>Get an overview of your mesh</a></li><li><a href=#retrieve-diffs-between-envoy-and-istio-pilot>Retrieve diffs between Envoy and Istio Pilot</a></li><li><a href=#deep-dive-into-envoy-configuration>Deep dive into Envoy configuration</a></li><li><a href=#inspecting-bootstrap-configuration>Inspecting Bootstrap configuration</a></li><li><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ul></nav></div><hr></nav><p>This task demonstrates how to use the <a href=/v1.0/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/#istioctl-proxy-status><code>proxy-status</code></a>
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and <a href=/v1.0/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/#istioctl-proxy-config><code>proxy-config</code></a> commands. The <code>proxy-status</code> command
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allows you to get an overview of your mesh and identify the proxy causing the problem. Then <code>proxy-config</code> can be used
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to inspect Envoy configuration and diagnose the issue.</p><h2 id=before-you-begin>Before you begin</h2><ul><li>Have a Kubernetes cluster with Istio and Bookinfo installed (e.g use <code>istio.yaml</code> as described in
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<a href=/v1.0/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start/#installation-steps>installation steps</a> and
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<a href=/v1.0/docs/examples/bookinfo/#if-you-are-running-on-kubernetes>Bookinfo installation steps</a>).</li></ul><p>OR</p><ul><li>Use similar commands against your own application running in a Kubernetes cluster.</li></ul><h2 id=get-an-overview-of-your-mesh>Get an overview of your mesh</h2><p>The <code>proxy-status</code> command allows you to get an overview of your mesh. If you suspect one of your sidecars isn't
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receiving configuration or is out of sync then <code>proxy-status</code> will tell you this.</p><pre><code class=language-command>$ istioctl proxy-status
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PROXY CDS LDS EDS RDS PILOT
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details-v1-6dcc6fbb9d-wsjz4.default SYNCED SYNCED SYNCED (100%) SYNCED istio-pilot-75bdf98789-tfdvh
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istio-egressgateway-c49694485-l9d5l.istio-system SYNCED SYNCED SYNCED (100%) NOT SENT istio-pilot-75bdf98789-tfdvh
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istio-ingress-6458b8c98f-7ks48.istio-system SYNCED SYNCED SYNCED (100%) NOT SENT istio-pilot-75bdf98789-n2kqh
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istio-ingressgateway-7d6874b48f-qxhn5.istio-system SYNCED SYNCED SYNCED (100%) SYNCED istio-pilot-75bdf98789-n2kqh
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productpage-v1-6c886ff494-hm7zk.default SYNCED SYNCED SYNCED (100%) STALE istio-pilot-75bdf98789-n2kqh
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ratings-v1-5d9ff497bb-gslng.default SYNCED SYNCED SYNCED (100%) SYNCED istio-pilot-75bdf98789-n2kqh
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reviews-v1-55d4c455db-zjj2m.default SYNCED SYNCED SYNCED (100%) SYNCED istio-pilot-75bdf98789-n2kqh
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reviews-v2-686bbb668-99j76.default SYNCED SYNCED SYNCED (100%) SYNCED istio-pilot-75bdf98789-tfdvh
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reviews-v3-7b9b5fdfd6-4r52s.default SYNCED SYNCED SYNCED (100%) SYNCED istio-pilot-75bdf98789-n2kqh</code></pre><p>If a proxy is missing from this list it means that it is not currently connected to a Pilot instance so will not be
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receiving any configuration.</p><ul><li><code>SYNCED</code> means that Envoy has acknowledged the last configuration Pilot has sent to it.</li><li><code>SYNCED (100%)</code> means that Envoy has successfully synced all of the endpoints in the cluster.</li><li><code>NOT SENT</code> means that Pilot hasn't sent anything to Envoy. This usually is because Pilot has nothing to send.</li><li><code>STALE</code> means that Pilot has sent an update to Envoy but has not received an acknowledgement. This usually indicates
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a networking issue between Envoy and Pilot or a bug with Istio itself.</li></ul><h2 id=retrieve-diffs-between-envoy-and-istio-pilot>Retrieve diffs between Envoy and Istio Pilot</h2><p>The <code>proxy-status</code> command can also be used to retrieve a diff between the configuration Envoy has loaded and the
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configuration Pilot would send, by providing a proxy ID. This can help you determine exactly what is out of sync and
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where the issue may lie.</p><pre><code class=language-command-output-as-json>$ istioctl proxy-status details-v1-6dcc6fbb9d-wsjz4.default
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--- Pilot Clusters
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+++ Envoy Clusters
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@@ -374,36 +374,14 @@
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"edsClusterConfig": {
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"edsConfig": {
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"ads": {
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}
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},
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"serviceName": "outbound|443||public-cr0bdc785ce3f14722918080a97e1f26be-alb1.kube-system.svc.cluster.local"
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- },
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- "connectTimeout": "1.000s",
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- "circuitBreakers": {
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- "thresholds": [
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- {
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-
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- }
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- ]
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- }
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- }
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- },
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- {
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- "cluster": {
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- "name": "outbound|53||kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local",
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- "type": "EDS",
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- "edsClusterConfig": {
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- "edsConfig": {
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- "ads": {
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-
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- }
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- },
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- "serviceName": "outbound|53||kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local"
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},
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"connectTimeout": "1.000s",
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"circuitBreakers": {
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"thresholds": [
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{
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}
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Listeners Match
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Routes Match</code></pre><p>Here you can see that the listeners and routes match but the clusters are out of sync.</p><h2 id=deep-dive-into-envoy-configuration>Deep dive into Envoy configuration</h2><p>The <code>proxy-config</code> command can be used to see how a given Envoy instance is configured. This can then be used to
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pinpoint any issues you are unable to detect by just looking through your Istio configuration and custom resources.
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To get a basic summary of clusters, listeners or routes for a given pod use the command as follows (changing clusters
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for listeners or routes when required):</p><pre><code class=language-command>$ istioctl proxy-config clusters -n istio-system istio-ingressgateway-7d6874b48f-qxhn5
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SERVICE FQDN PORT SUBSET DIRECTION TYPE
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BlackHoleCluster - - - STATIC
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details.default.svc.cluster.local 9080 - outbound EDS
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heapster.kube-system.svc.cluster.local 80 - outbound EDS
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istio-citadel.istio-system.svc.cluster.local 8060 - outbound EDS
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istio-citadel.istio-system.svc.cluster.local 9093 - outbound EDS
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istio-egressgateway.istio-system.svc.cluster.local 80 - outbound EDS
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...</code></pre><p>In order to debug Envoy you need to understand Envoy clusters/listeners/routes/endpoints and how they all interact.
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We will use the <code>proxy-config</code> command with the <code>-o json</code> and filtering flags to follow Envoy as it determines where
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to send a request from the <code>productpage</code> pod to the <code>reviews</code> pod at <code>reviews:9080</code>.</p><ol><li><p>If you query the listener summary on a pod you will notice Istio generates the following listeners:</p><ul><li>A listener on <code>0.0.0.0:15001</code> that receives all traffic into and out of the pod, then hands the request over to
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a virtual listener.</li><li>A virtual listener per service IP, per each non-HTTP for outbound TCP/HTTPS traffic.</li><li>A virtual listener on the pod IP for each exposed port for inbound traffic.</li><li>A virtual listener on <code>0.0.0.0</code> per each HTTP port for outbound HTTP traffic.</li></ul><pre><code class=language-command>$ istioctl proxy-config listeners productpage-v1-6c886ff494-7vxhs
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ADDRESS PORT TYPE
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172.21.252.250 15005 TCP <--+
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172.21.252.250 15011 TCP |
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172.21.79.56 42422 TCP |
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172.21.160.5 443 TCP |
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172.21.157.6 443 TCP |
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172.21.117.222 443 TCP |
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172.21.0.10 53 TCP |
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172.21.126.131 443 TCP | Receives outbound non-HTTP traffic for relevant IP:PORT pair from listener `0.0.0.0_15001`
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172.21.160.5 31400 TCP |
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172.21.81.159 9102 TCP |
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172.21.0.1 443 TCP |
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172.21.126.131 80 TCP |
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172.21.119.8 443 TCP |
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172.21.112.64 80 TCP |
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172.21.179.54 443 TCP |
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172.21.165.197 443 TCP <--+
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0.0.0.0 9090 HTTP <-+
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0.0.0.0 8060 HTTP |
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0.0.0.0 15010 HTTP |
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0.0.0.0 15003 HTTP |
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0.0.0.0 15004 HTTP |
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0.0.0.0 9093 HTTP | Receives outbound HTTP traffic for relevant port from listener `0.0.0.0_15001`
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0.0.0.0 15007 HTTP |
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0.0.0.0 8080 HTTP |
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0.0.0.0 9091 HTTP |
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0.0.0.0 9080 HTTP |
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0.0.0.0 80 HTTP <-+
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0.0.0.0 15001 TCP // Receives all inbound and outbound traffic to the pod from IP tables and hands over to virtual listener
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172.30.164.190 9080 HTTP // Receives all inbound traffic on 9080 from listener `0.0.0.0_15001`</code></pre></li><li><p>From the above summary you can see that every sidecar has a listener bound to <code>0.0.0.0:15001</code> which is where
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IP tables routes all inbound and outbound pod traffic to. This listener has <code>useOriginalDst</code> set to true which means
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it hands the request over to the listener that best matches the original destination of the request.
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If it can't find any matching virtual listeners it sends the request to the <code>BlackHoleCluster</code> which returns a 404.</p><pre><code class=language-command-output-as-json>$ istioctl proxy-config listeners productpage-v1-6c886ff494-7vxhs --port 15001 -o json
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{
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"name": "virtual",
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"address": {
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"socketAddress": {
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"address": "0.0.0.0",
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"portValue": 15001
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}
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},
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"filterChains": [
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{
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"filters": [
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{
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"name": "envoy.tcp_proxy",
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"config": {
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"cluster": "BlackHoleCluster",
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"stat_prefix": "BlackHoleCluster"
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}
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}
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]
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}
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|
],
|
|
"useOriginalDst": true
|
|
}</code></pre></li><li><p>Our request is an outbound HTTP request to port <code>9080</code> this means it gets handed off to the <code>0.0.0.0:9080</code> virtual
|
|
listener. This listener then looks up the route configuration in its configured RDS. In this case it will be looking
|
|
up route <code>9080</code> in RDS configured by Pilot (via ADS).</p><pre><code class=language-command-output-as-json>$ istioctl proxy-config listeners productpage-v1-6c886ff494-7vxhs -o json --address 0.0.0.0 --port 9080
|
|
...
|
|
"rds": {
|
|
"config_source": {
|
|
"ads": {}
|
|
},
|
|
"route_config_name": "9080"
|
|
}
|
|
...</code></pre></li><li><p>The <code>9080</code> route configuration only has a virtual host for each service. Our request is heading to the reviews
|
|
service so Envoy will select the virtual host to which our request matches a domain. Once matched on domain Envoy
|
|
looks for the first route that matches the request. In this case we don't have any advanced routing so there is only
|
|
one route that matches on everything. This route tells Envoy to send the request to the
|
|
<code>outbound|9080||reviews.default.svc.cluster.local</code> cluster.</p><pre><code class=language-command-output-as-json>$ istioctl proxy-config routes productpage-v1-6c886ff494-7vxhs --name 9080 -o json
|
|
[
|
|
{
|
|
"name": "9080",
|
|
"virtualHosts": [
|
|
{
|
|
"name": "reviews.default.svc.cluster.local:9080",
|
|
"domains": [
|
|
"reviews.default.svc.cluster.local",
|
|
"reviews.default.svc.cluster.local:9080",
|
|
"reviews",
|
|
"reviews:9080",
|
|
"reviews.default.svc.cluster",
|
|
"reviews.default.svc.cluster:9080",
|
|
"reviews.default.svc",
|
|
"reviews.default.svc:9080",
|
|
"reviews.default",
|
|
"reviews.default:9080",
|
|
"172.21.152.34",
|
|
"172.21.152.34:9080"
|
|
],
|
|
"routes": [
|
|
{
|
|
"match": {
|
|
"prefix": "/"
|
|
},
|
|
"route": {
|
|
"cluster": "outbound|9080||reviews.default.svc.cluster.local",
|
|
"timeout": "0.000s"
|
|
},
|
|
...</code></pre></li><li><p>This cluster is configured to retrieve the associated endpoints from Pilot (via ADS). So Envoy will then use the
|
|
<code>serviceName</code> field as a key to look up the list of Endpoints and proxy the request to one of them.</p><pre><code class=language-command-output-as-json>$ istioctl proxy-config clusters --fqdn reviews.default.svc.cluster.local -o json
|
|
[
|
|
{
|
|
"name": "outbound|9080||reviews.default.svc.cluster.local",
|
|
"type": "EDS",
|
|
"edsClusterConfig": {
|
|
"edsConfig": {
|
|
"ads": {}
|
|
},
|
|
"serviceName": "outbound|9080||reviews.default.svc.cluster.local"
|
|
},
|
|
"connectTimeout": "1.000s",
|
|
"circuitBreakers": {
|
|
"thresholds": [
|
|
{}
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
]</code></pre></li></ol><h2 id=inspecting-bootstrap-configuration>Inspecting Bootstrap configuration</h2><p>So far we have looked at configuration retrieved (mostly) from Pilot, however Envoy requires some bootstrap configuration that
|
|
includes information like where Pilot can be found. To view this use the following command:</p><pre><code class=language-command-output-as-json>$ istioctl proxy-config bootstrap -n istio-system istio-ingressgateway-7d6874b48f-qxhn5
|
|
{
|
|
"bootstrap": {
|
|
"node": {
|
|
"id": "router~172.30.86.14~istio-ingressgateway-7d6874b48f-qxhn5.istio-system~istio-system.svc.cluster.local",
|
|
"cluster": "istio-ingressgateway",
|
|
"metadata": {
|
|
"POD_NAME": "istio-ingressgateway-7d6874b48f-qxhn5",
|
|
"istio": "sidecar"
|
|
},
|
|
"buildVersion": "0/1.8.0-dev//RELEASE"
|
|
},
|
|
...</code></pre><h2 id=see-also>See also</h2><div class=see-also><div class=container-fluid><div class=row><div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-xl-4"><p class=link><a href=/v1.0/help/ops/security/debugging-authorization/>Debugging Authorization</a></p><p class=desc>Demonstrates how to debug authorization.</p></div><div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-xl-4"><p class=link><a href=/v1.0/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/>Policies and Telemetry</a></p><p class=desc>Describes the policy enforcement and telemetry mechanisms.</p></div></div></div></div></main><div class="container-fluid d-print-none"><br><div class=row><div class="col-6 pagenav"></div><div class="col-6 pagenav" style=text-align:right><p><a title="Provides specific deployment and configuration guidelines." href=/v1.0/help/ops/traffic-management/deploy-guidelines/>Deployment and Configuration Guidelines
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<i class="fa fa-long-arrow-alt-right"></i></a></p></div></div></div><div class="d-none d-print-block" aria-hidden=true><h2>Links</h2><ol id=endnotes></ol></div></div><div class="col-12 col-md-2 d-none d-xl-block d-print-none"><nav class=toc><div class=spacer></div><div id=toc class=directory role=directory><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#before-you-begin>Before you begin</a></li><li><a href=#get-an-overview-of-your-mesh>Get an overview of your mesh</a></li><li><a href=#retrieve-diffs-between-envoy-and-istio-pilot>Retrieve diffs between Envoy and Istio Pilot</a></li><li><a href=#deep-dive-into-envoy-configuration>Deep dive into Envoy configuration</a></li><li><a href=#inspecting-bootstrap-configuration>Inspecting Bootstrap configuration</a></li><li><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ul></nav></div></nav></div></div></div><footer class="d-print-none container-fluid"><div class=row><div class="col-5 col-lg-4" role=navigation><div class=container-fluid><div class=row><div class=icon><span>discuss</span>
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Archive
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1.0<br>© 2019 Istio Authors, <a href=https://policies.google.com/privacy>Privacy Policy</a><br>Archived on March 19, 2019</p></div><div class="col-6 col-lg-4 d-none d-lg-flex" role=navigation><div class=container-fluid><div class="row justify-content-end"><div class=icon><span>github</span>
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