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8123 lines
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HTML
8123 lines
125 KiB
HTML
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<meta name="title" content="Mutual TLS Authentication">
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<meta name="description" content="Describes Istio's mutual TLS authentication architecture which provides a strong service identity and secure communication channels between services.">
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<meta name="og:title" content="Mutual TLS Authentication">
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<meta name="og:description" content="Describes Istio's mutual TLS authentication architecture which provides a strong service identity and secure communication channels between services.">
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<h6 class="dropdown-header">Other versions of this site</h6>
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<a href="https://istio.io" class="dropdown-item">Current Release</a>
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<div class="card">
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<a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse7" title="Concepts help you learn about the different parts of the Istio system and the abstractions it uses." role="button" aria-controls="collapse7">
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<div>
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Concepts
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</a>
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<li class="sublist">
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
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<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
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<a title="A broad overview of the Istio system." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/">What is Istio? </a>
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</label>
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
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<a title="Provides a conceptual introduction to Istio, including the problems it solves and its high-level architecture." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/overview/">Overview</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes the core principles that Istio's design adheres to." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/goals/">Design Goals</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
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<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
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<a title="Describes the various Istio features focused on traffic routing and control." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/">Traffic Management </a>
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</label>
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
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<a title="Provides a conceptual overview of traffic management in Istio and the features it enables." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/overview/">Overview</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Introduces Pilot, the component responsible for managing a distributed deployment of Envoy proxies in the service mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/pilot/">Pilot</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes how requests are routed between services in an Istio service mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/request-routing/">Request Routing</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes how traffic is load balanced across instances of a service in the mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/load-balancing/">Discovery & Load Balancing</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="An overview of failure recovery capabilities in Envoy that can be leveraged by unmodified applications to improve robustness and prevent cascading failures." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/handling-failures/">Handling Failures</a>
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<li>
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<a title="Introduces the idea of systematic fault injection that can be used to uncover conflicting failure recovery policies across services." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/fault-injection/">Fault Injection</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Provides a high-level overview of the configuration model used by Istio to configure traffic management rules in the service mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/rules-configuration/">Rules Configuration</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
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<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-down'></i>
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<a title="Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/security/">Security </a>
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</label>
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<ul class="tree">
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<li>
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<a title="Describes Istio's authentication policy" href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/security/authn-policy/">Authentication Policy</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<span class="current" title="Describes Istio's mutual TLS authentication architecture which provides a strong service identity and secure communication channels between services.">Mutual TLS Authentication</span>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes Istio RBAC which provides access control for services in Istio Mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/security/rbac/">Istio Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
|
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|
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<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
|
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<a title="Introduces the policy control snd telemetry collection mechanisms." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/">Policies and Telemetry </a>
|
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</label>
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
|
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<a title="Describes the design of the policy and telemetry mechanisms." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/overview/">Overview</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="An overview of the key concepts used to configure Istio's policy enforcement and telemetry collection features." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/config/">Configuration</a>
|
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
|
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="card">
|
|
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header22">
|
|
<a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse22" title="Setup contains instructions for installing the Istio control plane in various environments (e.g., Kubernetes, Consul, etc.), as well as instructions for installing the sidecar in the application deployment." role="button" aria-controls="collapse22">
|
|
<div>
|
|
Setup
|
|
</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="collapse22" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header22">
|
|
<div class="card-body">
|
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<ul class="tree">
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<li class="sublist">
|
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|
|
<label class='tree-toggle'>
|
|
|
|
<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes and adding VMs into the mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/">Kubernetes </a>
|
|
</label>
|
|
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Quick start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh in a Kubernetes cluster." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start/">Quick Start</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service using Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)" href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start-gke-dm/">Quick Start with Google Kubernetes Engine</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Install Istio with the included Helm chart." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/helm-install/">Installation with Helm</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Install Istio with the included Ansible playbook." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/ansible-install/">Installation with Ansible</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a title="Instructions for installing the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/sidecar-injection/">Installing the Istio Sidecar</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Instructions for integrating VMs and bare metal hosts into an Istio mesh deployed on Kubernetes." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/mesh-expansion/">Mesh Expansion</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Install Istio with multicluster support." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/multicluster-install/">Istio Multicluster</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="This guide demonstrates how to upgrade the Istio control plane and data plane independently." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/upgrading-istio/">Upgrading Istio</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
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<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
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<a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/consul/">Nomad & Consul </a>
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</label>
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
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<a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/consul/quick-start/">Quick Start on Docker</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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|
|
<a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/consul/install/">Installation</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
|
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
|
|
|
|
<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
|
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|
|
<a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Eureka based environment." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/eureka/">Eureka </a>
|
|
</label>
|
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/eureka/quick-start/">Quick Start on Docker</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in an Eureka based environment." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/eureka/install/">Installation</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
|
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</div>
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</div>
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|
<div class="card">
|
|
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header37">
|
|
<a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse37" title="Tasks show you how to do a single specific targeted activity with the Istio system." role="button" aria-controls="collapse37">
|
|
<div>
|
|
Tasks
|
|
</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="collapse37" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header37">
|
|
<div class="card-body">
|
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<ul class="tree">
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<li class="sublist">
|
|
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|
|
|
<label class='tree-toggle'>
|
|
|
|
<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Describes tasks that demonstrate traffic routing features of Istio service mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/">Traffic Management </a>
|
|
</label>
|
|
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|
<ul class="tree collapse">
|
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|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing based on weights and HTTP headers." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing/">Configuring Request Routing</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="This task shows how to inject delays and test the resiliency of your application." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection/">Fault Injection</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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<li>
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<a title="Shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting/">Traffic Shifting</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts/">Setting Request Timeouts</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes how to configure Istio to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/">Control Ingress Traffic</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes how to configure Istio to expose a service outside of the service mesh, over TLS or Mutual TLS." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/secure-ingress/">Securing Gateways with HTTPS</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/">Control Egress Traffic</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes how to configure Istio to perform TLS origination for traffic to external services" href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress-tls-origination/">TLS Origination for Egress Traffic</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes how to configure Istio to direct traffic to external services through a dedicated gateway service" href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress-gateway/">Configure an Egress Gateway</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="This task demonstrates the circuit-breaking capability for resilient applications" href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking/">Circuit Breaking</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="This task demonstrates the traffic shadowing/mirroring capabilities of Istio" href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring/">Mirroring</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
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<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
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<a title="Demonstrates how to secure the mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/">Security </a>
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</label>
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
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<a title="Shows you how to use Istio authentication policy to setup mutual TLS and basic end-user authentication." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/authn-policy/">Basic Authentication Policy</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Shows you how to verify and test Istio's automatic mutual TLS authentication." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/mutual-tls/">Testing Mutual TLS</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Shows how to control access to a service using the Kubernetes labels." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/basic-access-control/">Basic Access Control</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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|
<a title="Shows how to securely control access to a service using service accounts." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/secure-access-control/">Secure Access Control</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Shows how to set up role-based access control for services in Istio mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/role-based-access-control/">Role-Based Access Control</a>
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</li>
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<li>
|
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|
<a title="Shows how operators can configure Citadel with existing root certificate, signing certificate and key." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/plugin-ca-cert/">Plugging in external CA key and certificate</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
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|
<a title="Shows how to enable Citadel health checking with Kubernetes." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/health-check/">Citadel health checking</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
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|
<a title="Shows how to enable mutual TLS on HTTPS services." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/https-overlay/">Mutual TLS over HTTPS</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
|
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|
|
<label class='tree-toggle'>
|
|
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|
<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
|
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|
<a title="Demonstrates policy enforcement features." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/">Policies </a>
|
|
</label>
|
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|
<ul class="tree collapse">
|
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a title="This task shows you how to use Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limiting/">Enabling Rate Limits</a>
|
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
|
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|
<label class='tree-toggle'>
|
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|
<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
|
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|
|
<a title="Demonstrates how to collect telemetry information from the mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/">Telemetry </a>
|
|
</label>
|
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|
<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
|
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|
<a title="How to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin or Jaeger" href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/">Distributed Tracing</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics and logs." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics-logs/">Collecting Metrics and Logs</a>
|
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|
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</li>
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<li>
|
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|
<a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/tcp-metrics/">Collecting Metrics for TCP services</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
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<li>
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|
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<a title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/querying-metrics/">Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/using-istio-dashboard/">Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="This task shows you how to generate a graph of services within an Istio mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/servicegraph/">Generating a Service Graph</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to log to a Fluentd daemon" href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/fluentd/">Logging with Fluentd</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="card">
|
|
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header48">
|
|
<a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse48" title="Guides include a variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with." role="button" aria-controls="collapse48">
|
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<div>
|
|
Guides
|
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</div>
|
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</a>
|
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</div>
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<div id="collapse48" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header48">
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<div class="card-body">
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<ul class="tree">
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<li>
|
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|
<a title="This guide deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices which will be used to demonstrate various features of the Istio service mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/guides/bookinfo/">Bookinfo Sample Application</a>
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</li>
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<li>
|
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|
<a title="This guide demonstrates how to use various traffic management capabilities of an Istio service mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/guides/intelligent-routing/">Intelligent Routing</a>
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="This sample demonstrates how to obtain uniform metrics, logs, traces across different services using Istio Mixer and Istio sidecar." href="/v0.8/docs/guides/telemetry/">In-Depth Telemetry</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Explains how to manually integrate Google Cloud Endpoints services with Istio." href="/v0.8/docs/guides/endpoints/">Install Istio for Google Cloud Endpoints Services</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="This sample deploys the Bookinfo services across Kubernetes and a set of virtual machines, and illustrates how to use the Istio service mesh to control this infrastructure as a single mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/guides/integrating-vms/">Integrating Virtual Machines</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="card">
|
|
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header77">
|
|
<a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse77" title="Introduces Performance and Scalability methodology, results and best practices for Istio components." role="button" aria-controls="collapse77">
|
|
<div>
|
|
Performance and Scalability
|
|
</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="collapse77" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header77">
|
|
<div class="card-body">
|
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<ul class="tree">
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Provides a conceptual introduction to Istio's Performance and Scalability" href="/v0.8/docs/performance-and-scalability/overview/">Overview</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a title="Performance measurement through code level micro-benchmarks." href="/v0.8/docs/performance-and-scalability/microbenchmarks/">Micro Benchmarks</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a title="The different scenarios we are tracking for performance and scalability." href="/v0.8/docs/performance-and-scalability/scenarios/">Testing scenarios</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Fortio is our simple synthetic http and grpc benchmarking tool." href="/v0.8/docs/performance-and-scalability/synthetic-benchmarks/">Synthetic End to End benchmarks</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Performance measurement through realistic micro service application tests." href="/v0.8/docs/performance-and-scalability/realistic-app-benchmark/">Realistic Application Benchmark</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="How we ensure performance is tracked and improves or does not regress across releases." href="/v0.8/docs/performance-and-scalability/performance-testing-automation/">Automation</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Setup of Istio components to scale horizontally. High availability. Sizing guide." href="/v0.8/docs/performance-and-scalability/scalability/">Scalability and Sizing Guide</a>
|
|
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|
</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="card">
|
|
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header85">
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<a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse85" title="The Reference section contains detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters." role="button" aria-controls="collapse85">
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<div>
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Reference
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</a>
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<div id="collapse85" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header85">
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<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
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<a title="Detailed information on configuration options." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/">Configuration </a>
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
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<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
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<a title="Describes how to configure Istio's policy and telemetry features." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/">Policies and Telemetry </a>
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</label>
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
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<a title="Describes the base attribute vocabulary used for policy and control." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/attribute-vocabulary/">Attribute Vocabulary</a>
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<li>
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<a title="Mixer config expression language reference." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/expression-language/">Expression Language</a>
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
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<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
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<a title="Mixer adapters allow Istio to interface to a variety of infrastructure backends for such things as metrics and logs." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/">Adapters </a>
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</label>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter for circonus.com's monitoring solution." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/circonus/">Circonus</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter for cloudwatch metrics." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudwatch/">CloudWatch</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a dogstatsd agent for delivery to DataDog" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/datadog/">Datadog</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter that always returns a precondition denial." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/denier/">Denier</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter that delivers logs to a fluentd daemon." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/fluentd/">Fluentd</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter that extracts information from a Kubernetes environment." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/kubernetesenv/">Kubernetes Env</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter that performs whitelist or blacklist checks" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/list/">List</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter for a simple in-memory quota management system." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/memquota/">Memory quota</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter that implements an Open Policy Agent engine" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/opa/">OPA</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter that exposes Istio metrics for ingestion by a Prometheus harvester." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/prometheus/">Prometheus</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter that exposes Istio's Role-Based Access Control model." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/rbac/">RBAC</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter for a Redis-based quota management system." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/redisquota/">Redis Quota</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter that delivers logs and metrics to Google Service Control" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/servicecontrol/">Service Control</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Papertrail and AppOptics backends" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/solarwinds/">SolarWinds</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Stackdriver" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stackdriver/">Stackdriver</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a StatsD backend" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/statsd/">StatsD</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter for outputting logs and metrics locally." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stdio/">Stdio</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Default Metrics exported from Istio through Mixer." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/metrics/">Default Metrics</a>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
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<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
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<a title="Mixer templates are used to send data to individual adapters." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/">Templates </a>
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</label>
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
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<a title="A template that represents a single API key." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/apikey/">API Key</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="A template used to represent an access control query." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/authorization/">Authorization</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/checknothing/">Check Nothing</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="A template that is used to control the production of Kubernetes-specific attributes." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/kubernetes/">Kubernetes</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="A template designed to let you perform list checking operations." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/listentry/">List Entry</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="A template that represents a single runtime log entry." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/logentry/">Log Entry</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="A template that represents a single runtime metric." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/metric/">Metric</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="A template that represents a quota allocation request" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/quota/">Quota</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/reportnothing/">Report Nothing</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="A template used by the Google Service Control adapter." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/servicecontrolreport/">Service Control Report</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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|
<a title="Describes the rules used to configure Mixer's policy and telemetry features." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.policy.v1beta1/">Rules</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Configuration for Role Based Access Control" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/istio.rbac.v1alpha1/">RBAC</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a title="Configuration affecting traffic routing" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/istio.routing.v1alpha1/">Route Rules v1alpha1 (deprecated)</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a title="Configuration affecting traffic routing" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/istio.networking.v1alpha3/">Route Rules v1alpha3</a>
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|
</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
|
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|
|
<label class='tree-toggle'>
|
|
|
|
<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Describes usage and options of the Istio commands and utilities." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/">Commands </a>
|
|
</label>
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|
<ul class="tree collapse">
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|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Istio Certificate Authority (CA)" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/istio_ca/">istio_ca</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Istio control interface" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/">istioctl</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Utility to trigger direct calls to Mixer&#39;s API." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/mixc/">mixc</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Mixer is Istio&#39;s abstraction on top of infrastructure backends." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/mixs/">mixs</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Istio security per-node agent" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/node_agent/">node_agent</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Istio Pilot agent" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/pilot-agent/">pilot-agent</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Istio Pilot" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery/">pilot-discovery</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Kubernetes webhook for automatic Istio sidecar injection" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/sidecar-injector/">sidecar-injector</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
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</div>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
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|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="col-12 col-md-9 col-xl-8">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p class="d-md-none">
|
|
<label class="sidebar-toggler" data-toggle="offcanvas">
|
|
<i class="fa fa-sign-out-alt"></i>
|
|
</label>
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<main aria-labelledby="title">
|
|
<h1 id="title">Mutual TLS Authentication</h1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="toc-inlined d-xl-none d-print-none" >
|
|
<div class="directory" role="directory">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav id="InlinedTableOfContents">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="#architecture">Architecture</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#components">Components</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="#identity">Identity</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#communication-security">Communication security</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#key-management">Key management</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="#deployment-phase-kubernetes-scenario">Deployment phase (Kubernetes Scenario)</a></li>
|
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<li><a href="#deployment-phase-vmbare-metal-machines-scenario">Deployment phase (VM/bare-metal Machines Scenario)</a></li>
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<li><a href="#runtime-phase">Runtime phase</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#best-practices">Best practices</a>
|
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#deployment-guidelines">Deployment guidelines</a></li>
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<li><a href="#example">Example</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#future-work">Future work</a></li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</div>
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</nav>
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<p>Istio aims to enhance the security of microservices and their communication without requiring service code changes. It is responsible for:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
|
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<p>Providing each service with a strong identity that represents its role to enable interoperability across clusters and clouds</p>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
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<p>Securing service to service communication and end-user to service communication</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Providing a key management system to automate key and certificate generation, distribution, rotation, and revocation</p>
|
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</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h2 id="architecture">Architecture</h2>
|
|
<p>The diagram below shows Istio's security-related architecture, which includes three primary components: identity, key management, and communication
|
|
security. This diagram describes how Istio is used to secure the service-to-service communication between service ‘frontend’ running
|
|
as the service account ‘frontend-team’ and service ‘backend’ running as the service account ‘backend-team’. Istio supports services running
|
|
on both Kubernetes containers and VM/bare-metal machines.</p>
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<figure style="width: 80%">
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<div class="wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio" style="padding-bottom: 56.25%">
|
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<a class="not-for-endnotes" href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/security/img/mutual-tls/auth.svg">
|
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<img class="element-to-stretch" src="/v0.8/docs/concepts/security/img/mutual-tls/auth.svg" alt="Components making up the Istio auth model." title="Istio Security Architecture" />
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</a>
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</div>
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<figcaption>Istio Security Architecture</figcaption>
|
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</figure>
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<p>As illustrated in the diagram, Istio leverages secret volume mount to deliver keys/certs from Citadel to Kubernetes containers. For services running on
|
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VM/bare-metal machines, we introduce a node agent, which is a process running on each VM/bare-metal machine. It generates the private key and CSR (certificate
|
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signing request) locally, sends CSR to Citadel for signing, and delivers the generated certificate together with the private key to Envoy.</p>
|
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<h2 id="components">Components</h2>
|
|
<h3 id="identity">Identity</h3>
|
|
<p>Istio uses <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-service-account/">Kubernetes service accounts</a> to identify who runs the service:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>A service account in Istio has the format “spiffe://<_domain_>/ns/<_namespace_>/sa/<_serviceaccount_>”.</p>
|
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<ul>
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|
<li><em>domain</em> is currently <em>cluster.local</em>. We will support customization of domain in the near future.</li>
|
|
<li><em>namespace</em> is the namespace of the Kubernetes service account.</li>
|
|
<li><em>serviceaccount</em> is the Kubernetes service account name.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>A service account is <strong>the identity (or role) a workload runs as</strong>, which represents that workload's privileges. For systems requiring strong security, the
|
|
amount of privilege for a workload should not be identified by a random string (i.e., service name, label, etc), or by the binary that is deployed.</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
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<li>For example, let's say we have a workload pulling data from a multi-tenant database. If Alice ran this workload, she will be able to pull
|
|
a different set of data than if Bob ran this workload.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
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</li>
|
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<li>
|
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<p>Service accounts enable strong security policies by offering the flexibility to identify a machine, a user, a workload, or a group of workloads (different
|
|
workloads can run as the same service account).</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The service account a workload runs as won't change during the lifetime of the workload.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Service account uniqueness can be ensured with domain name constraint</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h3 id="communication-security">Communication security</h3>
|
|
<p>Service-to-service communication is tunneled through the client side <a href="https://envoyproxy.github.io/envoy/">Envoy</a> and the server side Envoy. End-to-end communication is secured by:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Local TCP connections between the service and Envoy</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Mutual TLS connections between proxies</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Secure Naming: during the handshake process, the client side Envoy checks that the service account provided by the server side certificate is allowed to run the target service</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h3 id="key-management">Key management</h3>
|
|
<p>Istio 0.2 supports services running on both Kubernetes pods and VM/bare-metal machines. We use different key provisioning mechanisms for each scenario.</p>
|
|
<p>For services running on Kubernetes pods, the per-cluster Citadel (acting as Certificate Authority) automates the key & certificate management process. It mainly performs four critical operations:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Generate a <a href="https://spiffe.github.io/docs/svid">SPIFFE</a> key and certificate pair for each service account</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Distribute a key and certificate pair to each pod according to the service account</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Rotate keys and certificates periodically</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Revoke a specific key and certificate pair when necessary</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>For services running on VM/bare-metal machines, the above four operations are performed by Citadel together with node agents.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="workflow">Workflow</h2>
|
|
<p>The Istio Security workflow consists of two phases, deployment and runtime. For the deployment phase, we discuss the two
|
|
scenarios (i.e., in Kubernetes and VM/bare-metal machines) separately since they are different. Once the key and
|
|
certificate are deployed, the runtime phase is the same for the two scenarios. We briefly cover the workflow in this
|
|
section.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="deployment-phase-kubernetes-scenario">Deployment phase (Kubernetes Scenario)</h3>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Citadel watches the Kubernetes API Server, creates a <a href="https://spiffe.github.io/docs/svid">SPIFFE</a> key and certificate
|
|
pair for each of the existing and new service accounts, and sends them to the API Server.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>When a pod is created, API Server mounts the key and certificate pair according to the service account using <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/secret/">Kubernetes secrets</a>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><a href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/pilot/">Pilot</a> generates the config with proper key and certificate and secure naming information,
|
|
which defines what service account(s) can run a certain service, and passes it to Envoy.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<h3 id="deployment-phase-vmbare-metal-machines-scenario">Deployment phase (VM/bare-metal Machines Scenario)</h3>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Citadel creates a gRPC service to take CSR request.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Node agent creates the private key and CSR, sends the CSR to Citadel for signing.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Citadel validates the credentials carried in the CSR, and signs the CSR to generate the certificate.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Node agent puts the certificate received from Citadel and the private key to Envoy.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The above CSR process repeats periodically for rotation.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<h3 id="runtime-phase">Runtime phase</h3>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The outbound traffic from a client service is rerouted to its local Envoy.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The client side Envoy starts a mutual TLS handshake with the server side Envoy. During the handshake, it also does a secure naming check to verify that the service account presented in the server certificate can run the server service.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The traffic is forwarded to the server side Envoy after mTLS connection is established, which is then forwarded to the server service through local TCP connections.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<h2 id="best-practices">Best practices</h2>
|
|
<p>In this section, we provide a few deployment guidelines and then discuss a real-world scenario.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="deployment-guidelines">Deployment guidelines</h3>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>If there are multiple service operators (a.k.a. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site_reliability_engineering">SREs</a>) deploying different services in a cluster (typically in a medium- or large-size cluster), we recommend creating a separate <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/namespaces-walkthrough/">namespace</a> for each SRE team to isolate their access. For example, you could create a “team1-ns” namespace for team1, and “team2-ns” namespace for team2, such that both teams won't be able to access each other's services.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>If Citadel is compromised, all its managed keys and certificates in the cluster may be exposed. We <em>strongly</em> recommend running Citadel
|
|
on a dedicated namespace (for example, istio-citadel-ns), which only cluster admins have access to.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h3 id="example">Example</h3>
|
|
<p>Let's consider a 3-tier application with three services: photo-frontend, photo-backend, and datastore. Photo-frontend and photo-backend services are managed by the photo SRE team while the datastore service is managed by the datastore SRE team. Photo-frontend can access photo-backend, and photo-backend can access datastore. However, photo-frontend cannot access datastore.</p>
|
|
<p>In this scenario, a cluster admin creates 3 namespaces: istio-citadel-ns, photo-ns, and datastore-ns. Admin has access to all namespaces, and each team only has
|
|
access to its own namespace. The photo SRE team creates 2 service accounts to run photo-frontend and photo-backend respectively in namespace photo-ns. The
|
|
datastore SRE team creates 1 service account to run the datastore service in namespace datastore-ns. Moreover, we need to enforce the service access control
|
|
in <a href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/overview/">Istio Mixer</a> such that photo-frontend cannot access datastore.</p>
|
|
<p>In this setup, Citadel is able to provide keys and certificates management for all namespaces, and isolate
|
|
microservice deployments from each other.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="future-work">Future work</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Inter-cluster service-to-service authentication</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Powerful authorization mechanisms: ABAC, RBAC, etc</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Per-service auth enablement support</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Secure Istio components (Mixer, Pilot)</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>End-user to service authentication using JWT/OAuth2/OpenID_Connect.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Support GCP service account</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Unix domain socket for local communication between service and Envoy</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Middle proxy support</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Pluggable key management component</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</main>
|
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<div class="container-fluid d-print-none">
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<br/><hr/><br/>
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<div class="row">
|
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<div class="col-6">
|
|
|
|
<a title="Describes Istio's authentication policy" href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/security/authn-policy/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-left"></i> Authentication Policy</a>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="col-6" style="text-align: right">
|
|
|
|
<a title="Describes Istio RBAC which provides access control for services in Istio Mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/security/rbac/">Istio Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) <i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="d-none d-print-block" aria-hidden="true">
|
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<h2>Links</h2>
|
|
<ol id="endnotes"></ol>
|
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="col-12 col-md-2 d-none d-xl-block d-print-none">
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<nav class="toc">
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<div class="spacer"></div>
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<div id="toc" class="directory" role="directory">
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<nav id="TableOfContents">
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<ul>
|
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<li><a href="#architecture">Architecture</a></li>
|
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<li><a href="#components">Components</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="#identity">Identity</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#communication-security">Communication security</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#key-management">Key management</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="#deployment-phase-kubernetes-scenario">Deployment phase (Kubernetes Scenario)</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#deployment-phase-vmbare-metal-machines-scenario">Deployment phase (VM/bare-metal Machines Scenario)</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#runtime-phase">Runtime phase</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><a href="#best-practices">Best practices</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="#deployment-guidelines">Deployment guidelines</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#example">Example</a></li>
|
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#future-work">Future work</a></li>
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</ul>
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