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8477 lines
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HTML
8477 lines
142 KiB
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<a title="A broad overview of the Istio system." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/">What is Istio? </a>
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<li>
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<a title="Provides a conceptual introduction to Istio, including the problems it solves and its high-level architecture." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/overview/">Overview</a>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes the core principles that Istio's design adheres to." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/goals/">Design Goals</a>
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</ul>
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<li class="sublist">
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
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<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-down'></i>
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<a title="Describes the various Istio features focused on traffic routing and control." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/">Traffic Management </a>
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</label>
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<ul class="tree">
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<li>
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<a title="Provides a conceptual overview of traffic management in Istio and the features it enables." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/overview/">Overview</a>
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<li>
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<a title="Introduces Pilot, the component responsible for managing a distributed deployment of Envoy proxies in the service mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/pilot/">Pilot</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes how requests are routed between services in an Istio service mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/request-routing/">Request Routing</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes how traffic is load balanced across instances of a service in the mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/load-balancing/">Discovery & Load Balancing</a>
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<li>
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<a title="An overview of failure recovery capabilities in Envoy that can be leveraged by unmodified applications to improve robustness and prevent cascading failures." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/handling-failures/">Handling Failures</a>
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<li>
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<a title="Introduces the idea of systematic fault injection that can be used to uncover conflicting failure recovery policies across services." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/fault-injection/">Fault Injection</a>
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<li>
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<span class="current" title="Provides a high-level overview of the configuration model used by Istio to configure traffic management rules in the service mesh.">Rules Configuration</span>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
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<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
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<a title="Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/security/">Security </a>
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</label>
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
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<a title="Describes Istio's authentication policy" href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/security/authn-policy/">Authentication Policy</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes Istio's mutual TLS authentication architecture which provides a strong service identity and secure communication channels between services." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/security/mutual-tls/">Mutual TLS Authentication</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes Istio RBAC which provides access control for services in Istio Mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/security/rbac/">Istio Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
|
|
|
|
<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
|
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<a title="Introduces the policy control snd telemetry collection mechanisms." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/">Policies and Telemetry </a>
|
|
</label>
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
|
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<a title="Describes the design of the policy and telemetry mechanisms." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/overview/">Overview</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="An overview of the key concepts used to configure Istio's policy enforcement and telemetry collection features." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/config/">Configuration</a>
|
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
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<div class="card">
|
|
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header22">
|
|
<a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse22" title="Setup contains instructions for installing the Istio control plane in various environments (e.g., Kubernetes, Consul, etc.), as well as instructions for installing the sidecar in the application deployment." role="button" aria-controls="collapse22">
|
|
<div>
|
|
Setup
|
|
</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="collapse22" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header22">
|
|
<div class="card-body">
|
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<ul class="tree">
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<li class="sublist">
|
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|
|
<label class='tree-toggle'>
|
|
|
|
<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes and adding VMs into the mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/">Kubernetes </a>
|
|
</label>
|
|
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Quick start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh in a Kubernetes cluster." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start/">Quick Start</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service using Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)" href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start-gke-dm/">Quick Start with Google Kubernetes Engine</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Install Istio with the included Helm chart." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/helm-install/">Installation with Helm</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Install Istio with the included Ansible playbook." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/ansible-install/">Installation with Ansible</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a title="Instructions for installing the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/sidecar-injection/">Installing the Istio Sidecar</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Instructions for integrating VMs and bare metal hosts into an Istio mesh deployed on Kubernetes." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/mesh-expansion/">Mesh Expansion</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Install Istio with multicluster support." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/multicluster-install/">Istio Multicluster</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="This guide demonstrates how to upgrade the Istio control plane and data plane independently." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/upgrading-istio/">Upgrading Istio</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
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<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
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<a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/consul/">Nomad & Consul </a>
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</label>
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
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<a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/consul/quick-start/">Quick Start on Docker</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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|
|
<a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/consul/install/">Installation</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
|
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
|
|
|
|
<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
|
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|
|
<a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Eureka based environment." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/eureka/">Eureka </a>
|
|
</label>
|
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/eureka/quick-start/">Quick Start on Docker</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in an Eureka based environment." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/eureka/install/">Installation</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
|
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</div>
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</div>
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|
<div class="card">
|
|
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header37">
|
|
<a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse37" title="Tasks show you how to do a single specific targeted activity with the Istio system." role="button" aria-controls="collapse37">
|
|
<div>
|
|
Tasks
|
|
</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="collapse37" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header37">
|
|
<div class="card-body">
|
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<ul class="tree">
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<li class="sublist">
|
|
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|
|
|
<label class='tree-toggle'>
|
|
|
|
<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Describes tasks that demonstrate traffic routing features of Istio service mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/">Traffic Management </a>
|
|
</label>
|
|
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|
<ul class="tree collapse">
|
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|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing based on weights and HTTP headers." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing/">Configuring Request Routing</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="This task shows how to inject delays and test the resiliency of your application." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection/">Fault Injection</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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<li>
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<a title="Shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting/">Traffic Shifting</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts/">Setting Request Timeouts</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes how to configure Istio to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/">Control Ingress Traffic</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes how to configure Istio to expose a service outside of the service mesh, over TLS or Mutual TLS." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/secure-ingress/">Securing Gateways with HTTPS</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/">Control Egress Traffic</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes how to configure Istio to perform TLS origination for traffic to external services" href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress-tls-origination/">TLS Origination for Egress Traffic</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes how to configure Istio to direct traffic to external services through a dedicated gateway service" href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress-gateway/">Configure an Egress Gateway</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="This task demonstrates the circuit-breaking capability for resilient applications" href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking/">Circuit Breaking</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="This task demonstrates the traffic shadowing/mirroring capabilities of Istio" href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring/">Mirroring</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
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<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
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<a title="Demonstrates how to secure the mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/">Security </a>
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</label>
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
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<a title="Shows you how to use Istio authentication policy to setup mutual TLS and basic end-user authentication." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/authn-policy/">Basic Authentication Policy</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Shows you how to verify and test Istio's automatic mutual TLS authentication." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/mutual-tls/">Testing Mutual TLS</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Shows how to control access to a service using the Kubernetes labels." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/basic-access-control/">Basic Access Control</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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|
<a title="Shows how to securely control access to a service using service accounts." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/secure-access-control/">Secure Access Control</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Shows how to set up role-based access control for services in Istio mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/role-based-access-control/">Role-Based Access Control</a>
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</li>
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<li>
|
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|
<a title="Shows how operators can configure Citadel with existing root certificate, signing certificate and key." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/plugin-ca-cert/">Plugging in external CA key and certificate</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
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|
<a title="Shows how to enable Citadel health checking with Kubernetes." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/health-check/">Citadel health checking</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
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|
<a title="Shows how to enable mutual TLS on HTTPS services." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/https-overlay/">Mutual TLS over HTTPS</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
|
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|
|
<label class='tree-toggle'>
|
|
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|
<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
|
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|
<a title="Demonstrates policy enforcement features." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/">Policies </a>
|
|
</label>
|
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|
<ul class="tree collapse">
|
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a title="This task shows you how to use Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limiting/">Enabling Rate Limits</a>
|
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
|
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|
<label class='tree-toggle'>
|
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|
<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
|
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|
|
<a title="Demonstrates how to collect telemetry information from the mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/">Telemetry </a>
|
|
</label>
|
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|
<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
|
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|
<a title="How to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin or Jaeger" href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/">Distributed Tracing</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics and logs." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics-logs/">Collecting Metrics and Logs</a>
|
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|
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</li>
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<li>
|
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|
<a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/tcp-metrics/">Collecting Metrics for TCP services</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
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<li>
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|
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<a title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/querying-metrics/">Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/using-istio-dashboard/">Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="This task shows you how to generate a graph of services within an Istio mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/servicegraph/">Generating a Service Graph</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to log to a Fluentd daemon" href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/fluentd/">Logging with Fluentd</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="card">
|
|
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header48">
|
|
<a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse48" title="Guides include a variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with." role="button" aria-controls="collapse48">
|
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<div>
|
|
Guides
|
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</div>
|
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</a>
|
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</div>
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<div id="collapse48" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header48">
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<div class="card-body">
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<ul class="tree">
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<li>
|
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|
<a title="This guide deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices which will be used to demonstrate various features of the Istio service mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/guides/bookinfo/">Bookinfo Sample Application</a>
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</li>
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<li>
|
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|
<a title="This guide demonstrates how to use various traffic management capabilities of an Istio service mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/guides/intelligent-routing/">Intelligent Routing</a>
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="This sample demonstrates how to obtain uniform metrics, logs, traces across different services using Istio Mixer and Istio sidecar." href="/v0.8/docs/guides/telemetry/">In-Depth Telemetry</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Explains how to manually integrate Google Cloud Endpoints services with Istio." href="/v0.8/docs/guides/endpoints/">Install Istio for Google Cloud Endpoints Services</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="This sample deploys the Bookinfo services across Kubernetes and a set of virtual machines, and illustrates how to use the Istio service mesh to control this infrastructure as a single mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/guides/integrating-vms/">Integrating Virtual Machines</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="card">
|
|
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header77">
|
|
<a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse77" title="Introduces Performance and Scalability methodology, results and best practices for Istio components." role="button" aria-controls="collapse77">
|
|
<div>
|
|
Performance and Scalability
|
|
</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="collapse77" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header77">
|
|
<div class="card-body">
|
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<ul class="tree">
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Provides a conceptual introduction to Istio's Performance and Scalability" href="/v0.8/docs/performance-and-scalability/overview/">Overview</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a title="Performance measurement through code level micro-benchmarks." href="/v0.8/docs/performance-and-scalability/microbenchmarks/">Micro Benchmarks</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a title="The different scenarios we are tracking for performance and scalability." href="/v0.8/docs/performance-and-scalability/scenarios/">Testing scenarios</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Fortio is our simple synthetic http and grpc benchmarking tool." href="/v0.8/docs/performance-and-scalability/synthetic-benchmarks/">Synthetic End to End benchmarks</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Performance measurement through realistic micro service application tests." href="/v0.8/docs/performance-and-scalability/realistic-app-benchmark/">Realistic Application Benchmark</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="How we ensure performance is tracked and improves or does not regress across releases." href="/v0.8/docs/performance-and-scalability/performance-testing-automation/">Automation</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Setup of Istio components to scale horizontally. High availability. Sizing guide." href="/v0.8/docs/performance-and-scalability/scalability/">Scalability and Sizing Guide</a>
|
|
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|
</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="card">
|
|
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header85">
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<a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse85" title="The Reference section contains detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters." role="button" aria-controls="collapse85">
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<div>
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Reference
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</a>
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<div id="collapse85" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header85">
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<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
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<a title="Detailed information on configuration options." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/">Configuration </a>
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
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<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
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<a title="Describes how to configure Istio's policy and telemetry features." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/">Policies and Telemetry </a>
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</label>
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
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<a title="Describes the base attribute vocabulary used for policy and control." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/attribute-vocabulary/">Attribute Vocabulary</a>
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<li>
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<a title="Mixer config expression language reference." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/expression-language/">Expression Language</a>
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
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<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
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<a title="Mixer adapters allow Istio to interface to a variety of infrastructure backends for such things as metrics and logs." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/">Adapters </a>
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</label>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter for circonus.com's monitoring solution." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/circonus/">Circonus</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter for cloudwatch metrics." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudwatch/">CloudWatch</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a dogstatsd agent for delivery to DataDog" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/datadog/">Datadog</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter that always returns a precondition denial." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/denier/">Denier</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter that delivers logs to a fluentd daemon." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/fluentd/">Fluentd</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter that extracts information from a Kubernetes environment." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/kubernetesenv/">Kubernetes Env</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter that performs whitelist or blacklist checks" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/list/">List</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter for a simple in-memory quota management system." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/memquota/">Memory quota</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter that implements an Open Policy Agent engine" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/opa/">OPA</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter that exposes Istio metrics for ingestion by a Prometheus harvester." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/prometheus/">Prometheus</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter that exposes Istio's Role-Based Access Control model." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/rbac/">RBAC</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter for a Redis-based quota management system." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/redisquota/">Redis Quota</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter that delivers logs and metrics to Google Service Control" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/servicecontrol/">Service Control</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Papertrail and AppOptics backends" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/solarwinds/">SolarWinds</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Stackdriver" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stackdriver/">Stackdriver</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a StatsD backend" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/statsd/">StatsD</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter for outputting logs and metrics locally." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stdio/">Stdio</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Default Metrics exported from Istio through Mixer." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/metrics/">Default Metrics</a>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
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<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
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<a title="Mixer templates are used to send data to individual adapters." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/">Templates </a>
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</label>
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
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<a title="A template that represents a single API key." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/apikey/">API Key</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="A template used to represent an access control query." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/authorization/">Authorization</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/checknothing/">Check Nothing</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="A template that is used to control the production of Kubernetes-specific attributes." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/kubernetes/">Kubernetes</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="A template designed to let you perform list checking operations." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/listentry/">List Entry</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="A template that represents a single runtime log entry." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/logentry/">Log Entry</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="A template that represents a single runtime metric." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/metric/">Metric</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="A template that represents a quota allocation request" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/quota/">Quota</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/reportnothing/">Report Nothing</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="A template used by the Google Service Control adapter." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/servicecontrolreport/">Service Control Report</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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|
<a title="Describes the rules used to configure Mixer's policy and telemetry features." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.policy.v1beta1/">Rules</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Configuration for Role Based Access Control" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/istio.rbac.v1alpha1/">RBAC</a>
|
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|
</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Configuration affecting traffic routing" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/istio.routing.v1alpha1/">Route Rules v1alpha1 (deprecated)</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a title="Configuration affecting traffic routing" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/istio.networking.v1alpha3/">Route Rules v1alpha3</a>
|
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|
</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
|
|
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|
|
<label class='tree-toggle'>
|
|
|
|
<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Describes usage and options of the Istio commands and utilities." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/">Commands </a>
|
|
</label>
|
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Istio Certificate Authority (CA)" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/istio_ca/">istio_ca</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Istio control interface" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/">istioctl</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Utility to trigger direct calls to Mixer&#39;s API." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/mixc/">mixc</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Mixer is Istio&#39;s abstraction on top of infrastructure backends." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/mixs/">mixs</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Istio security per-node agent" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/node_agent/">node_agent</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Istio Pilot agent" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/pilot-agent/">pilot-agent</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Istio Pilot" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery/">pilot-discovery</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Kubernetes webhook for automatic Istio sidecar injection" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/sidecar-injector/">sidecar-injector</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
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</div>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
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|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="col-12 col-md-9 col-xl-8">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p class="d-md-none">
|
|
<label class="sidebar-toggler" data-toggle="offcanvas">
|
|
<i class="fa fa-sign-out-alt"></i>
|
|
</label>
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<main aria-labelledby="title">
|
|
<h1 id="title">Rules Configuration</h1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="toc-inlined d-xl-none d-print-none" >
|
|
<div class="directory" role="directory">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav id="InlinedTableOfContents">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="#virtual-services">Virtual Services</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="#rule-destinations">Rule destinations</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#qualify-rules-by-sourceheaders">Qualify rules by source/headers</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#split-traffic-between-service-versions">Split traffic between service versions</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#timeouts-and-retries">Timeouts and retries</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#injecting-faults-in-the-request-path">Injecting faults in the request path</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#http-route-rules-have-precedence">HTTP route rules have precedence</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><a href="#destination-rules">Destination Rules</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="#circuit-breakers">Circuit breakers</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#destinationrule-evaluation">DestinationRule evaluation</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><a href="#service-entries">Service Entries</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#gateways">Gateways</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Istio provides a simple configuration model to
|
|
control how API calls and layer-4 traffic flow across various
|
|
services in an application deployment. The configuration model allows an operator to
|
|
configure service-level properties such as circuit breakers, timeouts,
|
|
retries, as well as set up common continuous deployment tasks such as
|
|
canary rollouts, A/B testing, staged rollouts with %-based traffic splits,
|
|
etc.</p>
|
|
<p>For example, a simple rule to send 100% of incoming traffic for a <em>reviews</em>
|
|
service to version “v1” can be described using a configuration as
|
|
follows:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
|
kind: VirtualService
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: reviews
|
|
spec:
|
|
hosts:
|
|
- reviews
|
|
http:
|
|
- route:
|
|
- destination:
|
|
host: reviews
|
|
subset: v1
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>This configuration says that traffic sent to the <em>reviews</em> service
|
|
(specified in the <code>hosts</code> field) should be routed to the v1 subset
|
|
of the underlying <em>reviews</em> service instances.
|
|
The route <code>subset</code> specifies the name of a defined subset in
|
|
a corresponding destination rule configuration:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
|
kind: DestinationRule
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: reviews
|
|
spec:
|
|
host: reviews
|
|
subsets:
|
|
- name: v1
|
|
labels:
|
|
version: v1
|
|
- name: v2
|
|
labels:
|
|
version: v2
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>A subset specifies one or more labels that identify version-specific instances.
|
|
For example, in a Kubernetes deployment of Istio, “version: v1” indicates that
|
|
only pods containing the label “version: v1” will receive traffic.</p>
|
|
<p>Rules can be configured using the
|
|
<a href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/">istioctl CLI</a>, or in a Kubernetes
|
|
deployment using the <code>kubectl</code> command instead, although only <code>istioctl</code> will
|
|
perform model validation and is recommended. See the
|
|
<a href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing/">configuring request routing task</a>
|
|
for examples.</p>
|
|
<p>There are four traffic management configuration resources in Istio:
|
|
<strong>VirtualService</strong>, <strong>DestinationRule</strong>, <strong>ServiceEntry</strong>, and <strong>Gateway</strong>.
|
|
A few important aspects of these resources are described below.
|
|
See <a href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/istio.networking.v1alpha3/">networking reference</a>
|
|
for detailed information.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="virtual-services">Virtual Services</h2>
|
|
<p>A <a href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/istio.networking.v1alpha3/#VirtualService">VirtualService</a>
|
|
defines the rules that control how requests for a service are routed within an Istio service mesh.
|
|
For example, a virtual service could route requests to different versions of a service or, in fact,
|
|
to a completely different service than was requested.
|
|
Requests can be routed based on the request source and destination, HTTP paths and
|
|
header fields, and weights associated with individual service versions.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="rule-destinations">Rule destinations</h3>
|
|
<p>Routing rules correspond to one or more request destination hosts that are specified in
|
|
a <code>VirtualService</code> configuration. These hosts may or may not be the same as the actual
|
|
destination workload and may not even correspond to an actual routable service in the mesh.
|
|
For example, to define routing rules for requests to the <em>reviews</em> service using its internal
|
|
mesh name <code>reviews</code> or via host <code>bookinfo.com</code>, a <code>VirtualService</code> could have a <code>hosts</code> field
|
|
something like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">hosts:
|
|
- reviews
|
|
- bookinfo.com
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>The <code>hosts</code> field specifies, implicitly or explicitly, one or more fully qualified
|
|
domain names (FQDN). The short name <code>reviews</code>, above, would implicitly
|
|
expand to an implementation specific FQDN. For example, in a Kubernetes environment
|
|
the full name is derived from the cluster and namespace of the <code>VirtualSevice</code>
|
|
(e.g., <code>reviews.default.svc.cluster.local</code>).</p>
|
|
<h3 id="qualify-rules-by-sourceheaders">Qualify rules by source/headers</h3>
|
|
<p>Rules can optionally be qualified to only apply to requests that match some
|
|
specific criteria such as the following:</p>
|
|
<p><em>1. Restrict to a specific caller</em>. For example, a rule
|
|
can indicate that it only applies to calls from workloads (pods) implementing
|
|
the <em>reviews</em> service.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
|
kind: VirtualService
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: ratings
|
|
spec:
|
|
hosts:
|
|
- ratings
|
|
http:
|
|
- match:
|
|
sourceLabels:
|
|
app: reviews
|
|
...
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>The value of <code>sourceLabels</code> depends on the implementation of the service.
|
|
In Kubernetes, for example, it would probably be the same labels that are used
|
|
in the pod selector of the corresponding Kubernetes service.</p>
|
|
<p><em>2. Restrict to specific versions of the caller</em>. For example, the following
|
|
rule refines the previous example to only apply to calls from version “v2”
|
|
of the <em>reviews</em> service.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
|
kind: VirtualService
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: ratings
|
|
spec:
|
|
hosts:
|
|
- ratings
|
|
http:
|
|
- match:
|
|
- sourceLabels:
|
|
app: reviews
|
|
version: v2
|
|
...
|
|
</code></pre></div><p><em>3. Select rule based on HTTP headers</em>. For example, the following rule will
|
|
only apply to an incoming request if it includes a “cookie” header that
|
|
contains the substring “user=jason”.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
|
kind: VirtualService
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: reviews
|
|
spec:
|
|
hosts:
|
|
- reviews
|
|
http:
|
|
- match:
|
|
- headers:
|
|
cookie:
|
|
regex: <span style="color:#e6db74">"^(.*?;)?(user=jason)(;.*)?$"</span>
|
|
...
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>If more than one header is provided, then all of the
|
|
corresponding headers must match for the rule to apply.</p>
|
|
<p>Multiple criteria can be set simultaneously. In such a case, AND or OR
|
|
semantics apply, depending on the nesting.
|
|
If multiple criteria are nested in a single match clause, then the conditions
|
|
are ANDed. For example, the following rule only applies if the source of the
|
|
request is “reviews:v2” AND the “cookie” header containing “user=jason” is
|
|
present.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
|
kind: VirtualService
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: ratings
|
|
spec:
|
|
hosts:
|
|
- ratings
|
|
http:
|
|
- match:
|
|
- sourceLabels:
|
|
app: reviews
|
|
version: v2
|
|
headers:
|
|
cookie:
|
|
regex: <span style="color:#e6db74">"^(.*?;)?(user=jason)(;.*)?$"</span>
|
|
...
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>If instead, the criteria appear in separate match clauses, then only one
|
|
of the conditions must apply (OR semantics):</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
|
kind: VirtualService
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: ratings
|
|
spec:
|
|
hosts:
|
|
- ratings
|
|
http:
|
|
- match:
|
|
- sourceLabels:
|
|
app: reviews
|
|
version: v2
|
|
- headers:
|
|
cookie:
|
|
regex: <span style="color:#e6db74">"^(.*?;)?(user=jason)(;.*)?$"</span>
|
|
...
|
|
</code></pre></div><h3 id="split-traffic-between-service-versions">Split traffic between service versions</h3>
|
|
<p>Each route rule identifies one or more weighted backends to call when the rule is activated.
|
|
Each backend corresponds to a specific version of the destination service,
|
|
where versions can be expressed using <em>labels</em>.
|
|
If there are multiple registered instances with the specified label(s),
|
|
they will be routed to based on the load balancing policy configured for the service,
|
|
or round-robin by default.</p>
|
|
<p>For example, the following rule will route 25% of traffic for the <em>reviews</em> service to instances with
|
|
the “v2” label and the remaining traffic (i.e., 75%) to “v1”.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
|
kind: VirtualService
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: reviews
|
|
spec:
|
|
hosts:
|
|
- reviews
|
|
http:
|
|
- route:
|
|
- destination:
|
|
host: reviews
|
|
subset: v1
|
|
weight: <span style="color:#ae81ff">75</span>
|
|
- destination:
|
|
host: reviews
|
|
subset: v2
|
|
weight: <span style="color:#ae81ff">25</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div><h3 id="timeouts-and-retries">Timeouts and retries</h3>
|
|
<p>By default, the timeout for http requests is 15 seconds,
|
|
but this can be overridden in a route rule as follows:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
|
kind: VirtualService
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: ratings
|
|
spec:
|
|
hosts:
|
|
- ratings
|
|
http:
|
|
- route:
|
|
- destination:
|
|
host: ratings
|
|
subset: v1
|
|
timeout: 10s
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>The number of retries for a given http request can also be specified in a route rule.
|
|
The maximum number of attempts, or as many as possible within the default or overridden timeout period,
|
|
can be set as follows:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
|
kind: VirtualService
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: ratings
|
|
spec:
|
|
hosts:
|
|
- ratings
|
|
http:
|
|
- route:
|
|
- destination:
|
|
host: ratings
|
|
subset: v1
|
|
retries:
|
|
attempts: <span style="color:#ae81ff">3</span>
|
|
perTryTimeout: 2s
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>Note that request timeouts and retries can also be
|
|
<a href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/handling-failures#fine-tuning">overridden on a per-request basis</a>.</p>
|
|
<p>See the <a href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts/">request timeouts task</a> for a demonstration of timeout control.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="injecting-faults-in-the-request-path">Injecting faults in the request path</h3>
|
|
<p>A route rule can specify one or more faults to inject
|
|
while forwarding http requests to the rule's corresponding request destination.
|
|
The faults can be either delays or aborts.</p>
|
|
<p>The following example will introduce a 5 second delay in 10% of the requests to the “v1” version of the <em>ratings</em> microservice.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
|
kind: VirtualService
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: ratings
|
|
spec:
|
|
hosts:
|
|
- ratings
|
|
http:
|
|
- fault:
|
|
delay:
|
|
percent: <span style="color:#ae81ff">10</span>
|
|
fixedDelay: 5s
|
|
route:
|
|
- destination:
|
|
host: ratings
|
|
subset: v1
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>The other kind of fault, abort, can be used to prematurely terminate a request,
|
|
for example, to simulate a failure.</p>
|
|
<p>The following example will return an HTTP 400 error code for 10%
|
|
of the requests to the <em>ratings</em> service “v1”.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
|
kind: VirtualService
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: ratings
|
|
spec:
|
|
hosts:
|
|
- ratings
|
|
http:
|
|
- fault:
|
|
abort:
|
|
percent: <span style="color:#ae81ff">10</span>
|
|
httpStatus: <span style="color:#ae81ff">400</span>
|
|
route:
|
|
- destination:
|
|
host: ratings
|
|
subset: v1
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>Sometimes delays and abort faults are used together. For example, the following rule will delay
|
|
by 5 seconds all requests from the <em>reviews</em> service “v2” to the <em>ratings</em> service “v1” and
|
|
then abort 10 percent of them:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
|
kind: VirtualService
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: ratings
|
|
spec:
|
|
hosts:
|
|
- ratings
|
|
http:
|
|
- match:
|
|
- sourceLabels:
|
|
app: reviews
|
|
version: v2
|
|
fault:
|
|
delay:
|
|
fixedDelay: 5s
|
|
abort:
|
|
percent: <span style="color:#ae81ff">10</span>
|
|
httpStatus: <span style="color:#ae81ff">400</span>
|
|
route:
|
|
- destination:
|
|
host: ratings
|
|
subset: v1
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>To see fault injection in action, see the <a href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection/">fault injection task</a>.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="http-route-rules-have-precedence">HTTP route rules have precedence</h3>
|
|
<p>When there are multiple rules for a given destination,
|
|
they are evaluated in the order they appear
|
|
in the <code>VirtualService</code>, i.e., the first rule
|
|
in the list has highest priority.</p>
|
|
<p><strong>Why is priority important?</strong> Whenever the routing story for a particular
|
|
service is purely weight based, it can be specified in a single rule.
|
|
When, on the other hand, other criteria
|
|
(e.g., requests from a specific user) are being used to route traffic, more
|
|
than one rule will be needed to specify the routing. This is where the
|
|
rule priority must be carefully considered to make sure that the rules are
|
|
evaluated in the right order.</p>
|
|
<p>A common pattern for generalized route specification is to provide one or
|
|
more higher priority rules that qualify rules by source/headers,
|
|
and then provide a single weight-based rule with no match
|
|
criteria last to provide the weighted distribution of
|
|
traffic for all other cases.</p>
|
|
<p>For example, the following <code>VirtualService</code> contains 2 rules that, together,
|
|
specify that all requests for the <em>reviews</em> service that includes a header
|
|
named “Foo” with the value “bar” will be sent to the “v2” instances.
|
|
All remaining requests will be sent to “v1”.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
|
kind: VirtualService
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: reviews
|
|
spec:
|
|
hosts:
|
|
- reviews
|
|
http:
|
|
- match:
|
|
- headers:
|
|
Foo:
|
|
exact: bar
|
|
route:
|
|
- destination:
|
|
host: reviews
|
|
subset: v2
|
|
- route:
|
|
- destination:
|
|
host: reviews
|
|
subset: v1
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>Notice that the header-based rule has the higher priority. If
|
|
it was lower, these rules wouldn't work as expected since the weight-based
|
|
rule, with no specific match criteria, would be evaluated first which would
|
|
then simply route all traffic to “v1”, even requests that include the
|
|
matching “Foo” header. Once a rule is found that applies to the incoming
|
|
request, it will be executed and the rule-evaluation process will
|
|
terminate. That's why it's very important to carefully consider the
|
|
priorities of each rule when there is more than one.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="destination-rules">Destination Rules</h2>
|
|
<p>A <a href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/istio.networking.v1alpha3/#DestinationRule">DestinationRule</a>
|
|
configures the set of policies to be applied to a request after <code>VirtualService</code> routing has occurred. They are
|
|
intended to be authored by service owners, describing the circuit breakers, load balancer settings, TLS settings, etc..</p>
|
|
<p>A <code>DestinationRule</code> also defines addressable <code>subsets</code> (i.e., named versions) of the corresponding destination host.
|
|
These subsets are used in <code>VirtualService</code> route specifications when sending traffic to specific versions of the service.</p>
|
|
<p>The following <code>DestinationRule</code> configures policies and subsets for the reviews service:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
|
kind: DestinationRule
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: reviews
|
|
spec:
|
|
host: reviews
|
|
trafficPolicy:
|
|
loadBalancer:
|
|
simple: RANDOM
|
|
subsets:
|
|
- name: v1
|
|
labels:
|
|
version: v1
|
|
- name: v2
|
|
labels:
|
|
version: v2
|
|
trafficPolicy:
|
|
loadBalancer:
|
|
simple: ROUND_ROBIN
|
|
- name: v3
|
|
labels:
|
|
version: v3
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>Notice that multiple policies (e.g., default and v2-specific) can be
|
|
specified in a single <code>DestinationRule</code> configuration.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="circuit-breakers">Circuit breakers</h3>
|
|
<p>A simple circuit breaker can be set based on a number of criteria such as connection and request limits.</p>
|
|
<p>For example, the following <code>DestinationRule</code>
|
|
sets a limit of 100 connections to <em>reviews</em> service version “v1” backends.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
|
kind: DestinationRule
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: reviews
|
|
spec:
|
|
host: reviews
|
|
subsets:
|
|
- name: v1
|
|
labels:
|
|
version: v1
|
|
trafficPolicy:
|
|
connectionPool:
|
|
tcp:
|
|
maxConnections: <span style="color:#ae81ff">100</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>See the <a href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking/">circuit-breaking task</a> for a demonstration of circuit breaker control.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="destinationrule-evaluation">DestinationRule evaluation</h3>
|
|
<p>Similar to route rules, policies are associated with a
|
|
particular <em>host</em> however if they are subset specific,
|
|
activation depends on route rule evaluation results.</p>
|
|
<p>The first step in the rule evaluation process evaluates the route rules in
|
|
the <code>VirtualService</code> corresponding to the requested <em>host</em>, if there are any defined,
|
|
to determine the subset (i.e., specific
|
|
version) of the destination service that the current request will be routed
|
|
to. Next, the set of policies corresponding to the selected subset, if any,
|
|
are evaluated to determine if they apply.</p>
|
|
<p><strong>NOTE:</strong> One subtlety of the algorithm to keep in mind is that policies
|
|
that are defined for specific subsets will only be applied if
|
|
the corresponding subset is explicitly routed to. For example,
|
|
consider the following configuration, as the one and only rule defined for the
|
|
<em>reviews</em> service (i.e., there are no route rules in a corresponding <code>VirtualService</code>.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
|
kind: DestinationRule
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: reviews
|
|
spec:
|
|
host: reviews
|
|
subsets:
|
|
- name: v1
|
|
labels:
|
|
version: v1
|
|
trafficPolicy:
|
|
connectionPool:
|
|
tcp:
|
|
maxConnections: <span style="color:#ae81ff">100</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>Since there is no specific route rule defined for the <em>reviews</em>
|
|
service, default round-robin routing behavior will apply, which will
|
|
presumably call “v1” instances on occasion, maybe even always if “v1” is
|
|
the only running version. Nevertheless, the above policy will never be
|
|
invoked since the default routing is done at a lower level. The rule
|
|
evaluation engine will be unaware of the final destination and therefore
|
|
unable to match the subset policy to the request.</p>
|
|
<p>You can fix the above example in one of two ways. You can either move the
|
|
traffic policy up a level to make it apply to any version:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
|
kind: DestinationRule
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: reviews
|
|
spec:
|
|
host: reviews
|
|
trafficPolicy:
|
|
connectionPool:
|
|
tcp:
|
|
maxConnections: <span style="color:#ae81ff">100</span>
|
|
subsets:
|
|
- name: v1
|
|
labels:
|
|
version: v1
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>or, better yet, define proper route rules for the service.
|
|
For example, you can add a simple route rule for “reviews:v1”.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
|
kind: VirtualService
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: reviews
|
|
spec:
|
|
hosts:
|
|
- reviews
|
|
http:
|
|
- route:
|
|
- destination:
|
|
host: reviews
|
|
subset: v1
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>Although the default Istio behavior conveniently sends traffic from any
|
|
source to all versions of a destination service
|
|
without any rules being set, as soon as version discrimination is desired
|
|
rules are going to be needed.
|
|
Therefore, setting a default rule for every service, right from the
|
|
start, is generally considered a best practice in Istio.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="service-entries">Service Entries</h2>
|
|
<p>A <a href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/istio.networking.v1alpha3/#ServiceEntry">ServiceEntry</a>
|
|
is used to add additional entries into the service registry that Istio maintains internally.
|
|
It is most commonly used to enable requests to services outside of an Istio service mesh.
|
|
For example, the following <code>ServiceEntry</code> can be used to allow external calls to services hosted
|
|
under the <code>*.foo.com</code> domain.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
|
kind: ServiceEntry
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: foo-ext-svc
|
|
spec:
|
|
hosts:
|
|
- <span style="color:#75715e">*.foo.com</span>
|
|
ports:
|
|
- number: <span style="color:#ae81ff">80</span>
|
|
name: http
|
|
protocol: HTTP
|
|
- number: <span style="color:#ae81ff">443</span>
|
|
name: https
|
|
protocol: HTTPS
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>The destination of a <code>ServiceEntry</code> is specified using the <code>hosts</code> field, which
|
|
can be either a fully qualified or wildcard domain name.
|
|
It represents a white listed set of one or more services that services
|
|
in the mesh are allowed to access.</p>
|
|
<p>A <code>ServiceEntry</code> is not limited to external service configuration,
|
|
it can be of two types: mesh-internal or mesh-external.
|
|
Mesh-internal entries are like all other internal services but are used to explicitly add services
|
|
to the mesh. They can be used to add services as part of expanding the service mesh to include unmanaged infrastructure
|
|
(e.g., VMs added to a Kubernetes-based service mesh).
|
|
Mesh-external entries represent services external to the mesh.
|
|
For them, mTLS authentication is disabled and policy enforcement is performed on the client-side,
|
|
instead of on the usual server-side for internal service requests.</p>
|
|
<p>Service entries work well in conjunction with virtual services
|
|
and destination rules as long as they refer to the services using matching
|
|
<code>hosts</code>. For example, the following rule can be used in conjunction with
|
|
the above <code>ServiceEntry</code> rule to set a 10s timeout for calls to
|
|
the external service at <code>bar.foo.com</code>.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
|
kind: VirtualService
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: bar-foo-ext-svc
|
|
spec:
|
|
hosts:
|
|
- bar.foo.com
|
|
http:
|
|
- route:
|
|
- destination:
|
|
host: bar.foo.com
|
|
timeout: 10s
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>Rules to redirect and forward traffic, to define retry,
|
|
timeout and fault injection policies are all supported for external destinations.
|
|
Weighted (version-based) routing is not possible, however, since there is no notion
|
|
of multiple versions of an external service.</p>
|
|
<p>See the <a href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/">egress task</a> for a more
|
|
about accessing external services.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="gateways">Gateways</h2>
|
|
<p>A <a href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/istio.networking.v1alpha3/#Gateway">Gateway</a>
|
|
configure a load balancer for HTTP/TCP traffic, most commonly operating at the edge of the
|
|
mesh to enable ingress traffic for an application.</p>
|
|
<p>Unlike Kubernetes Ingress, Istio <code>Gateway</code> only configures the L4-L6 functions
|
|
(e.g., ports to expose, TLS configuration). Users then can use standard Istio rules
|
|
to control HTTP requests as well as TCP traffic entering a <code>Gateway</code> by binding a
|
|
<code>VirtualService</code> to it.</p>
|
|
<p>For example, the following simple <code>Gateway</code> configures a load balancer
|
|
to allow external https traffic for host <code>bookinfo.com</code> into the mesh:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
|
kind: Gateway
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: bookinfo-gateway
|
|
spec:
|
|
servers:
|
|
- port:
|
|
number: <span style="color:#ae81ff">443</span>
|
|
name: https
|
|
protocol: HTTPS
|
|
hosts:
|
|
- bookinfo.com
|
|
tls:
|
|
mode: SIMPLE
|
|
serverCertificate: /tmp/tls.crt
|
|
privateKey: /tmp/tls.key
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>To configure the corresponding routes, a <code>VirtualService</code>
|
|
must be defined for the same host and bound to the <code>Gateway</code> using
|
|
the <code>gateways</code> field in the configuration:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
|
kind: VirtualService
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: bookinfo
|
|
spec:
|
|
hosts:
|
|
- bookinfo.com
|
|
gateways:
|
|
- bookinfo-gateway <span style="color:#75715e"># <---- bind to gateway</span>
|
|
http:
|
|
- match:
|
|
- uri:
|
|
prefix: /reviews
|
|
route:
|
|
...
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>See the <a href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/">ingress task</a> for a
|
|
complete ingress gateway example.</p>
|
|
<p>Although primarily used to manage ingress traffic, a <code>Gateway</code> can also be used to model
|
|
a purely internal or egress proxy. Irrespective of the location, all gateways
|
|
can be configured and controlled in the same way. Refer to the
|
|
<a href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/istio.networking.v1alpha3/#Gateway">gateway reference</a>
|
|
for details.</p>
|
|
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</main>
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<div class="container-fluid d-print-none">
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<br/><hr/><br/>
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<div class="row">
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<div class="col-6">
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<a title="Introduces the idea of systematic fault injection that can be used to uncover conflicting failure recovery policies across services." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/fault-injection/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-left"></i> Fault Injection</a>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="d-none d-print-block" aria-hidden="true">
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<h2>Links</h2>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="col-12 col-md-2 d-none d-xl-block d-print-none">
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<nav id="TableOfContents">
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#virtual-services">Virtual Services</a>
|
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<ul>
|
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<li><a href="#rule-destinations">Rule destinations</a></li>
|
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<li><a href="#qualify-rules-by-sourceheaders">Qualify rules by source/headers</a></li>
|
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<li><a href="#split-traffic-between-service-versions">Split traffic between service versions</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#timeouts-and-retries">Timeouts and retries</a></li>
|
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<li><a href="#injecting-faults-in-the-request-path">Injecting faults in the request path</a></li>
|
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<li><a href="#http-route-rules-have-precedence">HTTP route rules have precedence</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
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</li>
|
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<li><a href="#destination-rules">Destination Rules</a>
|
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<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="#circuit-breakers">Circuit breakers</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#destinationrule-evaluation">DestinationRule evaluation</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><a href="#service-entries">Service Entries</a></li>
|
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<li><a href="#gateways">Gateways</a></li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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