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class="input-group"> <input name="q" class="form-control search-box" type="text" size="30" /> <button class="btn btn-search input-group-addon my-2 my-sm-0 fa fa-search" type="submit"></button></div></form></div></nav></header><div class="container-fluid"><div class="row row-offcanvas row-offcanvas-left"><div class="col-6 col-md-3 col-xl-2 sidebar-offcanvas"><nav class="sidebar"><div class="spacer"></div><div class="directory" role="tablist"><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header1"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse1" title="Concepts help you learn about the different parts of the Istio system and the abstractions it uses." role="button" aria-controls="collapse1"><div> Concepts</div></a></div><div id="collapse1" class="collapse show" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header1"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="A broad overview of the Istio system." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/what-is-istio">What is Istio?</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Provides a conceptual introduction to Istio, including the problems it solves and its high-level architecture." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/overview.html">Overview</a></li><li> <a title="Describes the core principles that Istio's design adheres to." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/goals.html">Design Goals</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes the various Istio features focused on traffic routing and control." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management">Traffic Management</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Provides a conceptual overview of traffic management in Istio and the features it enables." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/overview.html">Overview</a></li><li> <a title="Introduces Pilot, the component responsible for managing a distributed deployment of Envoy proxies in the service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/pilot.html">Pilot</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how requests are routed between services in an Istio service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/request-routing.html">Request Routing</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how traffic is load balanced across instances of a service in the mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/load-balancing.html">Discovery & Load Balancing</a></li><li> <a title="An overview of failure recovery capabilities in Envoy that can be leveraged by unmodified applications to improve robustness and prevent cascading failures." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/handling-failures.html">Handling Failures</a></li><li> <a title="Introduces the idea of systematic fault injection that can be used to uncover conflicting failure recovery policies across services." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/fault-injection.html">Fault Injection</a></li><li> <a title="Provides a high-level overview of the domain-specific language used by Istio to configure traffic management rules in the service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/rules-configuration.html">Rules Configuration</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/security">Security</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Describes Istio's mutual TLS authentication architecture which provides a strong service identity and secure communication channels between services." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/security/mutual-tls.html">Mutual TLS Authentication</a></li><li> <a title="Describes Istio RBAC which provides access control for services in Istio Mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/security/rbac.html">Istio Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-down'></i> <a class="" title="Introduces the policy control mechanisms." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/policy-and-control">Policies and Control</a> </label><ul class="tree"><li> <a title="Explains the important notion of attributes, which is a central mechanism for how policies and control are applied to services within the mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/policy-and-control/attributes.html">Attributes</a></li><li> <a title="Architectural deep-dive into the design of Mixer, which provides the policy and control mechanisms within the service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/policy-and-control/mixer.html">Mixer</a></li><li> <span class="current" title="An overview of the key concepts used to configure Mixer.">Mixer Configuration</span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header20"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse20" title="Setup contains instructions for installing the Istio control plane in various environments (e.g., Kubernetes, Consul, etc.), as well as instructions for installing the sidecar in the application deployment." role="button" aria-controls="collapse20"><div> Setup</div></a></div><div id="collapse20" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header20"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes and adding VMs into the mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes">Kubernetes</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh in a Kubernetes cluster." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start.html">Quick Start</a></li><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service using Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)" href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start-gke-dm.html">Quick Start with Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for the setup and configuration of Istio using the Helm package manager." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/helm.html">Istio Helm Chart Instructions</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions on using the included Ansible playbook to perform installation." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/ansible-install.html">Installing with Ansible</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/sidecar-injection.html">Installing Istio Sidecar</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for integrating VMs and bare metal hosts into an Istio mesh deployed on Kubernetes." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/mesh-expansion.html">Istio Mesh Expansion</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/consul">Nomad & Consul</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/consul/quick-start.html">Quick Start on Docker</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/consul/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Eureka based environment." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/eureka">Eureka</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/eureka/quick-start.html">Quick Start on Docker</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in an Eureka based environment." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/eureka/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Cloud Foundry." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/cloudfoundry">Cloud Foundry</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Cloud Foundry." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/cloudfoundry/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Apache Mesos." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/mesos">Mesos</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Apache Mesos." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/mesos/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header38"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse38" title="Tasks show you how to do a single specific targeted activity with the Istio system." role="button" aria-controls="collapse38"><div> Tasks</div></a></div><div id="collapse38" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header38"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that demonstrate traffic routing features of Istio service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management">Traffic Management</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing based on weights and HTTP headers." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing.html">Configuring Request Routing</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to inject delays and test the resiliency of your application." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection.html">Fault Injection</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting.html">Traffic Shifting</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts.html">Setting Request Timeouts</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how to configure Istio Ingress on Kubernetes." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress.html">Istio Ingress</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress.html">Control Egress Traffic</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how to configure Istio to route TCP traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress-tcp.html">Control Egress TCP Traffic</a></li><li> <a title="This task demonstrates the circuit-breaking capability for resilient applications" href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking.html">Circuit Breaking</a></li><li> <a title="Demonstrates Istio's traffic shadowing/mirroring capabilities" href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring.html">Mirroring</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that demonstrate policy enforcement features." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement">Policy Enforcement</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="This task shows you how to use Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limiting.html">Enabling Rate Limits</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that demonstrate how to collect telemetry information from the service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry">Metrics, Logs, and Traces</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="How to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin or Jaeger" href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing.html">Distributed Tracing</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics and logs." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics-logs.html">Collecting Metrics and Logs</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/tcp-metrics.html">Collecting Metrics for TCP services</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/querying-metrics.html">Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/using-istio-dashboard.html">Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to generate a graph of services within an Istio mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/servicegraph.html">Generating a Service Graph</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to log to a Fluentd daemon" href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/fluentd.html">Logging with Fluentd</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that help securing the service mesh traffic." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security">Security</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="This task shows you how to verify and test Istio's automatic mutual TLS authentication." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/mutual-tls.html">Testing Istio mutual TLS authentication</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to control access to a service using the Kubernetes labels." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/basic-access-control.html">Setting up Basic Access Control</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to securely control access to a service using service accounts." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/secure-access-control.html">Setting up Secure Access Control</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to set up role-based access control for services in Istio mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/role-based-access-control.html">Setting up Istio Role-Based Access Control</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to change mutual TLS authentication for a single service." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/per-service-mtls.html">Per-service mutual TLS authentication enablement</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how operators can plug existing certificate and key into Istio CA." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/plugin-ca-cert.html">Plugging in CA certificate and key</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to enable Istio CA health check." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/health-check.html">Enabling Istio CA health check</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header67"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse67" title="Guides include a variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with." role="button" aria-controls="collapse67"><div> Guides</div></a></div><div id="collapse67" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header67"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li> <a title="This guide deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices which will be used to demonstrate various features of the Istio service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/guides/bookinfo.html">Bookinfo</a></li><li> <a title="This guide demonstrates how to use various traffic management capabilities of an Istio service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/guides/intelligent-routing.html">Intelligent Routing</a></li><li> <a title="This sample demonstrates how to obtain uniform metrics, logs, traces across different services using Istio Mixer and Istio sidecar." href="/v0.6/docs/guides/telemetry.html">In-Depth Telemetry</a></li><li> <a title="This sample deploys the Bookinfo services across Kubernetes and a set of virtual machines, and illustrates how to use the Istio service mesh to control this infrastructure as a single mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/guides/integrating-vms.html">Integrating Virtual Machines</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header72"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse72" title="The Reference section contains detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters." role="button" aria-controls="collapse72"><div> Reference</div></a></div><div id="collapse72" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header72"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Detailed information on API parameters." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/api">API</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="API definitions to interact with Mixer" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/api/istio.mixer.v1.html">Mixer</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Detailed information on configuration options." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config">Configuration</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Configuration affecting the service mesh as a whole" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.mesh.v1alpha1.html">Service Mesh</a></li><li> <a title="Configuration state for the Mixer client library" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.mixer.v1.config.client.html">Mixer Client</a></li><li> <a title="Describes the rules used to configure Mixer's policy and telemetry features." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.mixer.v1.config.html">Policy and Telemetry Rules</a></li><li> <a title="Configuration affecting resource-based access control" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.rbac.v1alpha1.html">RBAC</a></li><li> <a title="Configuration affecting traffic routing" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.routing.v1alpha1.html">Route Rules Alpha 1</a></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Detailed information on configuration and API exposed by Mixer." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer">Mixer</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Definitions used when creating Mixer templates" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/istio.mixer.adapter.model.v1beta1.html">Mixer Adapter Model</a></li><li> <a title="Value types used with templates" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/istio.mixer.v1.config.descriptor.html">Value Type</a></li><li> <a title="Definitions used when creating Mixer templates" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/istio.mixer.v1.template.html">Template Metadata</a></li><li> <a title="Describes the base attribute vocabulary used for policy and control." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/attribute-vocabulary.html">Attribute Vocabulary</a></li><li> <a title="Mixer config expression language reference." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/expression-language.html">Expression Language</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Generated documentation for Mixer's adapters." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters">Adapters</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Adapter for circonus.com's monitoring solution." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/circonus.html">Circonus</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a dogstatsd agent for delivery to DataDog" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/datadog.html">Datadog</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that always returns a precondition denial." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/denier.html">Denier</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that delivers logs to a fluentd daemon." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/fluentd.html">Fluentd</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that extracts information from a Kubernetes environment." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/kubernetesenv.html">Kubernetes Env</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that performs whitelist or blacklist checks" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/list.html">List</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter for a simple in-memory quota management system." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/memquota.html">Memory quota</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that implements an Open Policy Agent engine" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/opa.html">OPA</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that exposes Istio metrics for ingestion by a Prometheus harvester." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/prometheus.html">Prometheus</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that exposes Istio's Role-Based Access Control model." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/rbac.html">RBAC</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter for a Redis-based quota management system." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/redisquota.html">Redis Quota</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that delivers logs and metrics to Google Service Control" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/servicecontrol.html">Service Control</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Papertrail and AppOptics backends" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/solarwinds.html">SolarWinds</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Stackdriver" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/stackdriver.html">Stackdriver</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a StatsD backend" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/statsd.html">StatsD</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter for outputting logs and metrics locally." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/stdio.html">Stdio</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Generated documentation for Mixer's Templates." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template">Templates</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="A template that represents a single API key." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/apikey.html">API Key</a></li><li> <a title="A template used to represent an access control query." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/authorization.html">Authorization</a></li><li> <a title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/checknothing.html">Check Nothing</a></li><li> <a title="A template that is used to control the production of Kubernetes-specific attributes." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/kubernetes.html">Kubernetes</a></li><li> <a title="A template designed to let you perform list checking operations." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/listentry.html">List Entry</a></li><li> <a title="A template that represents a single runtime log entry." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/logentry.html">Log Entry</a></li><li> <a title="A template that represents a single runtime metric." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/metric.html">Metric</a></li><li> <a title="A template that represents a quota allocation request" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/quota.html">Quota</a></li><li> <a title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/reportnothing.html">Report Nothing</a></li><li> <a title="A template used by the Google Service Control adapter." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/servicecontrolreport.html">Service Control Report</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes usage and options of the Istio commands and utilities." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands">Commands</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Istio Certificate Authority (CA)" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/istio_ca.html">istio_ca</a></li><li> <a title="Istio control interface" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/istioctl.html">istioctl</a></li><li> <a title="Utility to trigger direct calls to Mixer&#39;s API." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/mixc.html">mixc</a></li><li> <a title="Mixer is Istio&#39;s abstraction on top of infrastructure backends." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/mixs.html">mixs</a></li><li> <a title="Istio security per-node agent" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/node_agent.html">node_agent</a></li><li> <a title="Istio Pilot agent" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/pilot-agent.html">pilot-agent</a></li><li> <a title="Istio Pilot" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery.html">pilot-discovery</a></li><li> <a title="Kubernetes webhook for automatic Istio sidecar injection" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/sidecar-injector.html">sidecar-injector</a></li></ul></li><li> <a title="How to write Istio config YAML content." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/writing-config.html">Writing Configuration</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></nav></div><div class="col-12 col-md-9 col-lg-7 col-xl-8"><p class="d-md-none"> <label class="sidebar-toggler" data-toggle="offcanvas"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i> </label></p><main role="main"><h1>Mixer Configuration</h1><p>This page describes Mixers configuration model.</p><h2 id="background">Background</h2><p>Istio is a sophisticated system with hundreds of independent features. An Istio deployment can be a sprawling affair potentially involving dozens of services, with a swarm of Envoy proxies and Mixer instances to support them. In large deployments, many different operators, each with different scopes and areas of responsibility, may be involved in managing the overall deployment.</p><p>Mixers configuration model makes it possible to exploit all of its capabilities and flexibility, while remaining relatively simple to use. The models scoping features enable large support organizations to collectively manage complex deployments with ease. Some of the models key features include:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Designed for Operators</strong>. Service operators control all operational and policy aspects of a Mixer deployment by manipulating configuration resources.</p></li><li><p><strong>Flexible</strong>. The configuration model is built around Istios <a href="./attributes.html">attributes</a>, enabling operators unprecedented control over the policies used and telemetry produced within a deployment.</p></li><li><p><strong>Robust</strong>. The configuration model is designed to provide maximum static correctness guarantees to help reduce the potential for bad configuration changes leading to service outages.</p></li><li><p><strong>Extensible</strong>. The model is designed to support Istios overall extensibility story. New or custom <a href="./mixer.html#adapters">adapters</a> can be added to Istio and be fully manipulated using the same general mechanisms as existing adapters.</p></li></ul><h2 id="concepts">Concepts</h2><p>Mixer is an attribute processing machine. Requests arrive at Mixer with a set of <a href="./attributes.html"><em>attributes</em></a>, and based on these attributes, Mixer generates calls to a variety of infrastructure backends. A rate limit system, an ACL provider, and a policy enforcer are examples of infrastructure backends. The set of attributes determines which backend Mixer calls for a given request and what parameters each is given. In order to hide the details of individual backends, Mixer uses modules known as <a href="./mixer.html#adapters"><em>adapters</em></a>.</p><div class="figure" style="width: 60%;"><div class="wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio" style="padding-bottom: 42.60%"><figure> <a href="./img/mixer-config/machine.svg"> <img class="element-to-stretch" src="./img/mixer-config/machine.svg" alt="Attribute Machine" title="Attribute Machine" /> </a></figure></div><p>Attribute Machine</p></div><p>Mixers configuration has the following central responsibilities:</p><ul><li>Describe which adapters are being used and how they operate.</li><li>Describe how to map request attributes into adapter inputs.</li><li>Describe when a particular adapter is called with specific inputs.</li></ul><p>Configuration is based on <em>adapters</em> and <em>templates</em>.</p><ul><li><strong>Adapters</strong> encapsulate the logic necessary to interface Mixer with a specific infrastructure backend.</li><li><strong>Templates</strong> define the schema for specifying request mapping from attributes to adapter inputs. A given adapter may support any number of templates.</li></ul><p>Configuration is expressed using a YAML format built around the following abstractions:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Concept</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href="#handlers">Handlers</a></td><td>A handler is a configured instance of an adapter. The adapter constructor parameters are specified as handler configuration.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#instances">Instances</a></td><td>A (request) instance is the result of applying request attributes to the template mapping. The mapping is specified as an instance configuration.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="#rules">Rules</a></td><td>A rule defines when a particular handler is invoked using a specific template configuration.</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Configuration resources are expressed in Kubernetes resource syntax:</p><div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="na">apiVersion</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">config.istio.io/v1alpha2</span>
<span class="na">kind</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">rule, adapter kind, or template kind</span>
<span class="na">metadata</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">name</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">shortname</span>
<span class="na">namespace</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">istio-system</span>
<span class="na">spec</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="c1"># kind specific configuration.</span>
</code></pre></div></div><ul><li><strong>apiVersion</strong> - A constant for an Istio release.</li><li><strong>kind</strong> - A Mixer assigned unique “kind” for every adapter and template.</li><li><strong>name</strong> - The configuration resource name.</li><li><strong>namespace</strong> - The namespace in which the configuration resource is applicable.</li><li><strong>spec</strong> - The <code class="highlighter-rouge">kind</code>-specific configuration.</li></ul><h3 id="handlers">Handlers</h3><p><a href="./mixer.html#adapters">Adapters</a> encapsulate the logic necessary to interface Mixer with specific external infrastructure backends such as <a href="https://prometheus.io">Prometheus</a>, <a href="https://newrelic.com">New Relic</a>, or <a href="https://cloud.google.com/logging">Stackdriver</a>. Individual adapters generally need operational parameters in order to do their work. For example, a logging adapter may require the IP address and port of the log sink.</p><p>Here is an example showing how to configure an adapter of kind = <code class="highlighter-rouge">listchecker</code>. The listchecker adapter checks an input value against a list. If the adapter is configured for a whitelist, it returns success if the input value is found in the list.</p><div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="na">apiVersion</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">config.istio.io/v1alpha2</span>
<span class="na">kind</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">listchecker</span>
<span class="na">metadata</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">name</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">staticversion</span>
<span class="na">namespace</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">istio-system</span>
<span class="na">spec</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">providerUrl</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">http://white_list_registry/</span>
<span class="na">blacklist</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">false</span>
</code></pre></div></div><p><code class="highlighter-rouge">{metadata.name}.{kind}.{metadata.namespace}</code> is the fully qualified name of a handler. The fully qualified name of the above handler is <code class="highlighter-rouge">staticversion.listchecker.istio-system</code> and it must be unique. The schema of the data in the <code class="highlighter-rouge">spec</code> stanza depends on the specific adapter being configured.</p><p>Some adapters implement functionality that goes beyond connecting Mixer to a backend. For example, the <code class="highlighter-rouge">prometheus</code> adapter consumes metrics and aggregates them as distributions or counters in a configurable way.</p><div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="na">apiVersion</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">config.istio.io/v1alpha2</span>
<span class="na">kind</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">prometheus</span>
<span class="na">metadata</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">name</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">handler</span>
<span class="na">namespace</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">istio-system</span>
<span class="na">spec</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">metrics</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="pi">-</span> <span class="na">name</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">request_count</span>
<span class="na">instance_name</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">requestcount.metric.istio-system</span>
<span class="na">kind</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">COUNTER</span>
<span class="na">label_names</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="pi">-</span> <span class="s">destination_service</span>
<span class="pi">-</span> <span class="s">destination_version</span>
<span class="pi">-</span> <span class="s">response_code</span>
<span class="pi">-</span> <span class="na">name</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">request_duration</span>
<span class="na">instance_name</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">requestduration.metric.istio-system</span>
<span class="na">kind</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">DISTRIBUTION</span>
<span class="na">label_names</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="pi">-</span> <span class="s">destination_service</span>
<span class="pi">-</span> <span class="s">destination_version</span>
<span class="pi">-</span> <span class="s">response_code</span>
<span class="na">buckets</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">explicit_buckets</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">bounds</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="pi">[</span><span class="nv">0.005</span><span class="pi">,</span> <span class="nv">0.01</span><span class="pi">,</span> <span class="nv">0.025</span><span class="pi">,</span> <span class="nv">0.05</span><span class="pi">,</span> <span class="nv">0.1</span><span class="pi">,</span> <span class="nv">0.25</span><span class="pi">,</span> <span class="nv">0.5</span><span class="pi">,</span> <span class="nv">1</span><span class="pi">,</span> <span class="nv">2.5</span><span class="pi">,</span> <span class="nv">5</span><span class="pi">,</span> <span class="nv">10</span><span class="pi">]</span>
</code></pre></div></div><p>Each adapter defines its own particular format of configuration data. The exhaustive set of adapters and their specific configuration formats can be found <a href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/">here</a>.</p><h3 id="instances">Instances</h3><p>Instance configuration specifies the request mapping from attributes to adapter inputs. The following is an example of a metric instance configuration that produces the <code class="highlighter-rouge">requestduration</code> metric.</p><div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="na">apiVersion</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">config.istio.io/v1alpha2</span>
<span class="na">kind</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">metric</span>
<span class="na">metadata</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">name</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">requestduration</span>
<span class="na">namespace</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">istio-system</span>
<span class="na">spec</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">value</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">response.duration | "0ms"</span>
<span class="na">dimensions</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">destination_service</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">destination.service | "unknown"</span>
<span class="na">destination_version</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">destination.labels["version"] | "unknown"</span>
<span class="na">response_code</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">response.code | 200</span>
<span class="na">monitored_resource_type</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s1">'</span><span class="s">"UNSPECIFIED"'</span>
</code></pre></div></div><p>Note that all the dimensions expected in the handler configuration are specified in the mapping.</p><p>Each template defines its own particular format of configuration data. The exhaustive set of templates and their specific configuration formats can be found <a href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/">here</a>.</p><h3 id="rules">Rules</h3><p>Rules specify when a particular handler is invoked with a specific instance configuration. Consider an example where you want to deliver the <code class="highlighter-rouge">requestduration</code> metric to the prometheus handler if the destination service is <code class="highlighter-rouge">service1</code> and the <code class="highlighter-rouge">x-user</code> request header has a specific value.</p><div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="na">apiVersion</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">config.istio.io/v1alpha2</span>
<span class="na">kind</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">rule</span>
<span class="na">metadata</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">name</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">promhttp</span>
<span class="na">namespace</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">istio-system</span>
<span class="na">spec</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">match</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">destination.service == "service1.ns.svc.cluster.local" &amp;&amp; request.headers["x-user"] == "user1"</span>
<span class="na">actions</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="pi">-</span> <span class="na">handler</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">handler.prometheus</span>
<span class="na">instances</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="pi">-</span> <span class="s">requestduration.metric.istio-system</span>
</code></pre></div></div><p>A rule contains a <code class="highlighter-rouge">match</code> predicate expression and a list of actions to perform if the predicate is true. An action specifies the list of instances to be delivered to a handler. A rule must use the fully qualified names of handlers and instances. If the rule, handlers, and instances are all in the same namespace, the namespace suffix can be elided from the fully qualified name as seen in <code class="highlighter-rouge">handler.prometheus</code>.</p><p>The match predicate is an attribute expression, which are explained below.</p><h3 id="attribute-expressions">Attribute expressions</h3><p>Mixer features a number of independent <a href="./mixer.html#request-phases">request processing phases</a>. The <em>Attribute Processing</em> phase is responsible for ingesting a set of attributes and producing template instances necessary to invoke individual adapters. The phase operates by evaluating a series of <em>attribute expressions</em>.</p><p>You have already seen a few simple attribute expressions in the previous examples:</p><div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="na">destination_service</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">destination.service</span>
<span class="na">response_code</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">response.code</span>
<span class="na">destination_version</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">destination.labels["version"] | "unknown"</span>
</code></pre></div></div><p>The sequences on the right-hand side of the colons are the simplest forms of attribute expressions. The first two only consist of attribute names. The <code class="highlighter-rouge">response_code</code> label is assigned the value from the <code class="highlighter-rouge">request.code</code> attribute.</p><p>Heres an example of a conditional expression:</p><div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="na">destination_version</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">destination.labels["version"] | "unknown"</span>
</code></pre></div></div><p>With the above, the <code class="highlighter-rouge">destination_version</code> label is assigned the value of <code class="highlighter-rouge">destination.labels["version"]</code>. However if that attribute is not present, the literal <code class="highlighter-rouge">"unknown"</code> is used.</p><p>The attributes that can be used in attribute expressions must be defined in an <a href="#manifests"><em>attribute manifest</em></a> for the deployment. Within the manifest, each attribute has a type which represents the kind of data that the attribute carries. In the same way, attribute expressions are also typed, and their type is derived from the attributes in the expression and the operators applied to these attributes.</p><p>Refer to the <a href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/expression-language.html">attribute expression reference</a> for details.</p><h3 id="resolution">Resolution</h3><p>When a request arrives, Mixer goes through a number of <a href="./mixer.html#request-phases">request processing phases</a>. The Resolution phase is concerned with identifying the configuration resources to use in order to process the incoming request. For example, a request arriving at Mixer for service A likely has some configuration differences with requests arriving for service B. Resolution is about deciding which config resources to use for a request.</p><p>Resolution depends on a well-known attribute to guide its choice, called the <em>identity attribute</em>. The default identity attribute is <code class="highlighter-rouge">destination.service</code>. The mesh-wide configuration is stored in the <code class="highlighter-rouge">configDefaultNamespace</code> whose default value is <code class="highlighter-rouge">istio-system</code>.</p><p>Mixer goes through the following steps to arrive at the set of <code class="highlighter-rouge">actions</code>.</p><ol><li><p>Extract the value of the identity attribute from the request.</p></li><li><p>Extract the service namespace from the identity attribute.</p></li><li><p>Evaluate the <code class="highlighter-rouge">match</code> predicate for all rules in the <code class="highlighter-rouge">configDefaultNamespace</code> and the service namespace.</p></li></ol><p>The actions resulting from these steps are performed by Mixer.</p><h3 id="manifests">Manifests</h3><p>Manifests capture invariants about the components involved in a particular Istio deployment. The only kind of manifest supported at the moment are <em>attribute manifests</em> which are used to define the exact set of attributes produced by individual components. Manifests are supplied by component producers and inserted into a deployments configuration.</p><p>Heres part of the manifest for the Istio proxy:</p><div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="na">manifests</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="pi">-</span> <span class="na">name</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">istio-proxy</span>
<span class="na">revision</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="s">1"</span>
<span class="na">attributes</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="s">source.name</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">valueType</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">STRING</span>
<span class="na">description</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">The name of the source.</span>
<span class="s">destination.name</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">valueType</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">STRING</span>
<span class="na">description</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">The name of the destination</span>
<span class="s">source.ip</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">valueType</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">IP_ADDRESS</span>
<span class="na">description</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">Did you know that descriptions are optional?</span>
<span class="s">origin.user</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">valueType</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">STRING</span>
<span class="s">request.time</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">valueType</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">TIMESTAMP</span>
<span class="s">request.method</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">valueType</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">STRING</span>
<span class="s">response.code</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">valueType</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">INT64</span>
</code></pre></div></div><h2 id="examples">Examples</h2><p>You can find fully-formed examples of Mixer configuration by visiting the <a href="/v0.6/docs/guides">Guides</a>. Here is some <a href="https://github.com/istio/istio/blob/master/mixer/testdata/config">example configuration</a>.</p><h2 id="whats-next">Whats next</h2><ul><li>Read the <a href="/v0.6/blog/mixer-adapter-model.html">blog post</a> describing Mixers adapter model.</li></ul></main></div><div class="col-12 col-md-2 d-none d-lg-block"><nav class="toc"><div class="spacer"></div><div class="directory" role="directory"><ul><li><a href="#background">Background</a></li><li><a href="#concepts">Concepts</a><ul><li><a href="#handlers">Handlers</a></li><li><a href="#instances">Instances</a></li><li><a href="#rules">Rules</a></li><li><a href="#attribute-expressions">Attribute expressions</a></li><li><a href="#resolution">Resolution</a></li><li><a href="#manifests">Manifests</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a></li><li><a href="#whats-next">Whats next</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div></div><div class="footer"><footer><div class="container-fluid"><div class="row"><div class="col-sm-2"></div><nav class=" col-12 col-sm-3" role="navigation"><ul class="first"><li><a class="header" href="/v0.6/docs/">Docs</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/">Concepts</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/setup/">Setup</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/">Tasks</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/guides/">Guides</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/reference/">Reference</a></li></ul></nav><nav class="col-12 col-sm-3" role="navigation"><ul><li><a class="header" href="/v0.6/help/">Help</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/help/faq/index.html">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/help/glossary.html">Glossary</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/help/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/help/bugs.html">Report Bugs</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/istio.github.io/issues/new?title=Issue with _docs/concepts/policy-and-control/mixer-config.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Doc Bugs & Gaps</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/istio.github.io/edit/master/_docs/concepts/policy-and-control/mixer-config.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Edit This Page</a></li></ul></nav><nav class="col-12 col-sm-3" role="navigation"><ul><li><a class="header" href="/v0.6/community.html">Community</a></li><li> <a href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/istio-users" target="_blank" rel="noopener">User</a> | <a href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/istio-dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dev Mailing Lists</a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/IstioMesh" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Twitter</a></li><li><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/istio" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Stack Overflow</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/community/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">GitHub</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/community/blob/master/WORKING-GROUPS.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Working Groups</a></li></ul></nav></div><div class="row"><div class="col-12"><p class="description text-center" role="contentinfo"> Istio Archive 0.6, Copyright &copy; 2018 Istio Authors<br> Archived on 02-Apr-2018</p></div></div></div></footer></div><script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-KJ3o2DKtIkvYIK3UENzmM7KCkRr/rE9/Qpg6aAZGJwFDMVNA/GpGFF93hXpG5KkN" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.12.9/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-ApNbgh9B+Y1QKtv3Rn7W3mgPxhU9K/ScQsAP7hUibX39j7fakFPskvXusvfa0b4Q" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-JZR6Spejh4U02d8jOt6vLEHfe/JQGiRRSQQxSfFWpi1MquVdAyjUar5+76PVCmYl" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/clipboard.js/1.7.1/clipboard.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.google.com/cse/brand?form=searchbox"></script> <script src="/v0.6/js/misc.min.js"></script></body></html>