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<a class="nav-link " href="/v0.6/help/">Help</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link " href="/v0.6/community.html">Community</a></li><li class="nav-item dropdown" id="gearDropdown" style="white-space: nowrap"> <a href="" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <i style="width: 1em" class='fa fa-lg fa-cog'></i> </a><ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="gearDropdown"><h6 class="dropdown-header">Other versions of this site</h6><li> <a href="https://istio.io">Current Release</a></li><li> <a href="https://preliminary.istio.io">Next Release</a></li><li> <a href="https://archive.istio.io">Older Releases</a></li><li class="dropdown-divider"></li><li> <i class='fa fa-check light'></i> <a href="" onclick="setActiveStyleSheet('light');return false;">Light Theme</a></li><li> <i class='fa fa-check dark'></i> <a href="" onclick="setActiveStyleSheet('dark');return false;">Dark Theme</a></li></ul></li></ul><form name="cse" id="searchbox" class="form-inline justify-content-end" role="search"> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="013699703217164175118:iwwf17ikgf4" /> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="utf-8" /> <input type="hidden" name="hl" value="en" /><div class="input-group"> <input name="q" class="form-control search-box" type="text" size="30" /> <button class="btn btn-search input-group-addon my-2 my-sm-0 fa fa-search" type="submit"></button></div></form></div></nav></header><div class="container-fluid"><div class="row row-offcanvas row-offcanvas-left"><div class="col-6 col-md-3 col-xl-2 sidebar-offcanvas"><nav class="sidebar"><div class="spacer"></div><div class="directory" role="tablist"><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header1"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse1" title="Concepts help you learn about the different parts of the Istio system and the abstractions it uses." role="button" aria-controls="collapse1"><div> Concepts</div></a></div><div id="collapse1" class="collapse show" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header1"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="A broad overview of the Istio system." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/what-is-istio">What is Istio?</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Provides a conceptual introduction to Istio, including the problems it solves and its high-level architecture." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/overview.html">Overview</a></li><li> <a title="Describes the core principles that Istio's design adheres to." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/goals.html">Design Goals</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-down'></i> <a class="" title="Describes the various Istio features focused on traffic routing and control." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management">Traffic Management</a> </label><ul class="tree"><li> <a title="Provides a conceptual overview of traffic management in Istio and the features it enables." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/overview.html">Overview</a></li><li> <a title="Introduces Pilot, the component responsible for managing a distributed deployment of Envoy proxies in the service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/pilot.html">Pilot</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how requests are routed between services in an Istio service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/request-routing.html">Request Routing</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how traffic is load balanced across instances of a service in the mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/load-balancing.html">Discovery & Load Balancing</a></li><li> <span class="current" title="An overview of failure recovery capabilities in Envoy that can be leveraged by unmodified applications to improve robustness and prevent cascading failures.">Handling Failures</span></li><li> <a title="Introduces the idea of systematic fault injection that can be used to uncover conflicting failure recovery policies across services." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/fault-injection.html">Fault Injection</a></li><li> <a title="Provides a high-level overview of the domain-specific language used by Istio to configure traffic management rules in the service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/rules-configuration.html">Rules Configuration</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/security">Security</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Describes Istio's mutual TLS authentication architecture which provides a strong service identity and secure communication channels between services." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/security/mutual-tls.html">Mutual TLS Authentication</a></li><li> <a title="Describes Istio RBAC which provides access control for services in Istio Mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/security/rbac.html">Istio Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Introduces the policy control mechanisms." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/policy-and-control">Policies and Control</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Explains the important notion of attributes, which is a central mechanism for how policies and control are applied to services within the mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/policy-and-control/attributes.html">Attributes</a></li><li> <a title="Architectural deep-dive into the design of Mixer, which provides the policy and control mechanisms within the service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/policy-and-control/mixer.html">Mixer</a></li><li> <a title="An overview of the key concepts used to configure Mixer." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/policy-and-control/mixer-config.html">Mixer Configuration</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header20"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse20" title="Setup contains instructions for installing the Istio control plane in various environments (e.g., Kubernetes, Consul, etc.), as well as instructions for installing the sidecar in the application deployment." role="button" aria-controls="collapse20"><div> Setup</div></a></div><div id="collapse20" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header20"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes and adding VMs into the mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes">Kubernetes</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh in a Kubernetes cluster." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start.html">Quick Start</a></li><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service using Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)" href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start-gke-dm.html">Quick Start with Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for the setup and configuration of Istio using the Helm package manager." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/helm.html">Istio Helm Chart Instructions</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions on using the included Ansible playbook to perform installation." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/ansible-install.html">Installing with Ansible</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/sidecar-injection.html">Installing Istio Sidecar</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for integrating VMs and bare metal hosts into an Istio mesh deployed on Kubernetes." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/mesh-expansion.html">Istio Mesh Expansion</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/consul">Nomad & Consul</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/consul/quick-start.html">Quick Start on Docker</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/consul/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Eureka based environment." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/eureka">Eureka</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/eureka/quick-start.html">Quick Start on Docker</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in an Eureka based environment." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/eureka/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Cloud Foundry." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/cloudfoundry">Cloud Foundry</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Cloud Foundry." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/cloudfoundry/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Apache Mesos." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/mesos">Mesos</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Apache Mesos." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/mesos/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header38"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse38" title="Tasks show you how to do a single specific targeted activity with the Istio system." role="button" aria-controls="collapse38"><div> Tasks</div></a></div><div id="collapse38" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header38"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that demonstrate traffic routing features of Istio service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management">Traffic Management</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing based on weights and HTTP headers." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing.html">Configuring Request Routing</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to inject delays and test the resiliency of your application." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection.html">Fault Injection</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting.html">Traffic Shifting</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts.html">Setting Request Timeouts</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how to configure Istio Ingress on Kubernetes." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress.html">Istio Ingress</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress.html">Control Egress Traffic</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how to configure Istio to route TCP traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress-tcp.html">Control Egress TCP Traffic</a></li><li> <a title="This task demonstrates the circuit-breaking capability for resilient applications" href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking.html">Circuit Breaking</a></li><li> <a title="Demonstrates Istio's traffic shadowing/mirroring capabilities" href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring.html">Mirroring</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that demonstrate policy enforcement features." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement">Policy Enforcement</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="This task shows you how to use Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limiting.html">Enabling Rate Limits</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that demonstrate how to collect telemetry information from the service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry">Metrics, Logs, and Traces</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="How to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin or Jaeger" href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing.html">Distributed Tracing</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics and logs." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics-logs.html">Collecting Metrics and Logs</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/tcp-metrics.html">Collecting Metrics for TCP services</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/querying-metrics.html">Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/using-istio-dashboard.html">Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to generate a graph of services within an Istio mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/servicegraph.html">Generating a Service Graph</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to log to a Fluentd daemon" href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/fluentd.html">Logging with Fluentd</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that help securing the service mesh traffic." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security">Security</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="This task shows you how to verify and test Istio's automatic mutual TLS authentication." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/mutual-tls.html">Testing Istio mutual TLS authentication</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to control access to a service using the Kubernetes labels." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/basic-access-control.html">Setting up Basic Access Control</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to securely control access to a service using service accounts." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/secure-access-control.html">Setting up Secure Access Control</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to set up role-based access control for services in Istio mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/role-based-access-control.html">Setting up Istio Role-Based Access Control</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to change mutual TLS authentication for a single service." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/per-service-mtls.html">Per-service mutual TLS authentication enablement</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how operators can plug existing certificate and key into Istio CA." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/plugin-ca-cert.html">Plugging in CA certificate and key</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to enable Istio CA health check." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/health-check.html">Enabling Istio CA health check</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header67"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse67" title="Guides include a variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with." role="button" aria-controls="collapse67"><div> Guides</div></a></div><div id="collapse67" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header67"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li> <a title="This guide deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices which will be used to demonstrate various features of the Istio service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/guides/bookinfo.html">Bookinfo</a></li><li> <a title="This guide demonstrates how to use various traffic management capabilities of an Istio service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/guides/intelligent-routing.html">Intelligent Routing</a></li><li> <a title="This sample demonstrates how to obtain uniform metrics, logs, traces across different services using Istio Mixer and Istio sidecar." href="/v0.6/docs/guides/telemetry.html">In-Depth Telemetry</a></li><li> <a title="This sample deploys the Bookinfo services across Kubernetes and a set of virtual machines, and illustrates how to use the Istio service mesh to control this infrastructure as a single mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/guides/integrating-vms.html">Integrating Virtual Machines</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header72"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse72" title="The Reference section contains detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters." role="button" aria-controls="collapse72"><div> Reference</div></a></div><div id="collapse72" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header72"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Detailed information on API parameters." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/api">API</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="API definitions to interact with Mixer" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/api/istio.mixer.v1.html">Mixer</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Detailed information on configuration options." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config">Configuration</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Configuration affecting the service mesh as a whole" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.mesh.v1alpha1.html">Service Mesh</a></li><li> <a title="Configuration state for the Mixer client library" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.mixer.v1.config.client.html">Mixer Client</a></li><li> <a title="Describes the rules used to configure Mixer's policy and telemetry features." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.mixer.v1.config.html">Policy and Telemetry Rules</a></li><li> <a title="Configuration affecting resource-based access control" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.rbac.v1alpha1.html">RBAC</a></li><li> <a title="Configuration affecting traffic routing" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.routing.v1alpha1.html">Route Rules Alpha 1</a></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Detailed information on configuration and API exposed by Mixer." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer">Mixer</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Definitions used when creating Mixer templates" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/istio.mixer.adapter.model.v1beta1.html">Mixer Adapter Model</a></li><li> <a title="Value types used with templates" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/istio.mixer.v1.config.descriptor.html">Value Type</a></li><li> <a title="Definitions used when creating Mixer templates" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/istio.mixer.v1.template.html">Template Metadata</a></li><li> <a title="Describes the base attribute vocabulary used for policy and control." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/attribute-vocabulary.html">Attribute Vocabulary</a></li><li> <a title="Mixer config expression language reference." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/expression-language.html">Expression Language</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Generated documentation for Mixer's adapters." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters">Adapters</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Adapter for circonus.com's monitoring solution." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/circonus.html">Circonus</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a dogstatsd agent for delivery to DataDog" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/datadog.html">Datadog</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that always returns a precondition denial." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/denier.html">Denier</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that delivers logs to a fluentd daemon." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/fluentd.html">Fluentd</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that extracts information from a Kubernetes environment." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/kubernetesenv.html">Kubernetes Env</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that performs whitelist or blacklist checks" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/list.html">List</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter for a simple in-memory quota management system." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/memquota.html">Memory quota</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that implements an Open Policy Agent engine" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/opa.html">OPA</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that exposes Istio metrics for ingestion by a Prometheus harvester." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/prometheus.html">Prometheus</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that exposes Istio's Role-Based Access Control model." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/rbac.html">RBAC</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter for a Redis-based quota management system." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/redisquota.html">Redis Quota</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that delivers logs and metrics to Google Service Control" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/servicecontrol.html">Service Control</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Papertrail and AppOptics backends" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/solarwinds.html">SolarWinds</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Stackdriver" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/stackdriver.html">Stackdriver</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a StatsD backend" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/statsd.html">StatsD</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter for outputting logs and metrics locally." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/stdio.html">Stdio</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Generated documentation for Mixer's Templates." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template">Templates</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="A template that represents a single API key." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/apikey.html">API Key</a></li><li> <a title="A template used to represent an access control query." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/authorization.html">Authorization</a></li><li> <a title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/checknothing.html">Check Nothing</a></li><li> <a title="A template that is used to control the production of Kubernetes-specific attributes." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/kubernetes.html">Kubernetes</a></li><li> <a title="A template designed to let you perform list checking operations." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/listentry.html">List Entry</a></li><li> <a title="A template that represents a single runtime log entry." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/logentry.html">Log Entry</a></li><li> <a title="A template that represents a single runtime metric." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/metric.html">Metric</a></li><li> <a title="A template that represents a quota allocation request" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/quota.html">Quota</a></li><li> <a title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/reportnothing.html">Report Nothing</a></li><li> <a title="A template used by the Google Service Control adapter." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/servicecontrolreport.html">Service Control Report</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes usage and options of the Istio commands and utilities." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands">Commands</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Istio Certificate Authority (CA)" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/istio_ca.html">istio_ca</a></li><li> <a title="Istio control interface" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/istioctl.html">istioctl</a></li><li> <a title="Utility to trigger direct calls to Mixer's API." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/mixc.html">mixc</a></li><li> <a title="Mixer is Istio's abstraction on top of infrastructure backends." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/mixs.html">mixs</a></li><li> <a title="Istio security per-node agent" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/node_agent.html">node_agent</a></li><li> <a title="Istio Pilot agent" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/pilot-agent.html">pilot-agent</a></li><li> <a title="Istio Pilot" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery.html">pilot-discovery</a></li><li> <a title="Kubernetes webhook for automatic Istio sidecar injection" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/sidecar-injector.html">sidecar-injector</a></li></ul></li><li> <a title="How to write Istio config YAML content." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/writing-config.html">Writing Configuration</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></nav></div><div class="col-12 col-md-9 col-lg-7 col-xl-8"><p class="d-md-none"> <label class="sidebar-toggler" data-toggle="offcanvas"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i> </label></p><main role="main"><h1>Handling Failures</h1><p>Envoy provides a set of out-of-the-box <em>opt-in</em> failure recovery features that can be taken advantage of by the services in an application. Features include:</p><ol><li>Timeouts</li><li>Bounded retries with timeout budgets and variable jitter between retries</li><li>Limits on number of concurrent connections and requests to upstream services</li><li>Active (periodic) health checks on each member of the load balancing pool</li><li>Fine-grained circuit breakers (passive health checks) – applied per instance in the load balancing pool</li></ol><p>These features can be dynamically configured at runtime through <a href="./rules-configuration.html">Istio’s traffic management rules</a>.</p><p>The jitter between retries minimizes the impact of retries on an overloaded upstream service, while timeout budgets ensure that the calling service gets a response (success/failure) within a predictable timeframe.</p><p>A combination of active and passive health checks (4 and 5 above) minimizes the chances of accessing an unhealthy instance in the load balancing pool. When combined with platform-level health checks (such as those supported by Kubernetes or Mesos), applications can ensure that unhealthy pods/containers/VMs can be quickly weeded out of the service mesh, minimizing the request failures and impact on latency.</p><p>Together, these features enable the service mesh to tolerate failing nodes and prevent localized failures from cascading instability to other nodes.</p><h2 id="fine-tuning">Fine tuning</h2><p>Istio’s traffic management rules allow operators to set global defaults for failure recovery per service/version. However, consumers of a service can also override <a href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.routing.v1alpha1.html#HTTPTimeout">timeout</a> and <a href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.routing.v1alpha1.html#HTTPRetry">retry</a> defaults by providing request-level overrides through special HTTP headers. With the Envoy proxy implementation, the headers are “x-envoy-upstream-rq-timeout-ms” and “x-envoy-max-retries”, respectively.</p><h2 id="faq">FAQ</h2><p><em>1. Do applications still handle failures when running in Istio?</em></p><p>Yes. Istio improves the reliability and availability of services in the mesh. However, <strong>applications need to handle the failure (errors) and take appropriate fallback actions</strong>. For example, when all instances in a load balancing pool have failed, Envoy will return HTTP 503. It is the responsibility of the application to implement any fallback logic that is needed to handle the HTTP 503 error code from an upstream service.</p><p><em>2. Will Envoy’s failure recovery features break applications that already use fault tolerance libraries (e.g., <a href="https://github.com/Netflix/Hystrix">Hystrix</a>)?</em></p><p>No. Envoy is completely transparent to the application. A failure response returned by Envoy would not be distinguishable from a failure response returned by the upstream service to which the call was made.</p><p><em>3. How will failures be handled when using application-level libraries and Envoy at the same time?</em></p><p>Given two failure recovery policies for the same destination service (e.g., two timeouts – one set in Envoy and another in application’s library), <strong>the more restrictive of the two will be triggered when failures occur</strong>. For example, if the application sets a 5 second timeout for an API call to a service, while the operator has configured a 10 second timeout, the application’s timeout will kick in first. Similarly, if Envoy’s circuit breaker triggers before the application’s circuit breaker, API calls to the service will get a 503 from Envoy.</p></main></div><div class="col-12 col-md-2 d-none d-lg-block"><nav class="toc"><div class="spacer"></div><div class="directory" role="directory"><ul><li><a href="#fine-tuning">Fine tuning</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div></div><div class="footer"><footer><div class="container-fluid"><div class="row"><div class="col-sm-2"></div><nav class=" col-12 col-sm-3" role="navigation"><ul class="first"><li><a class="header" href="/v0.6/docs/">Docs</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/">Concepts</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/setup/">Setup</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/">Tasks</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/guides/">Guides</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/reference/">Reference</a></li></ul></nav><nav class="col-12 col-sm-3" role="navigation"><ul><li><a class="header" href="/v0.6/help/">Help</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/help/faq/index.html">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/help/glossary.html">Glossary</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/help/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/help/bugs.html">Report Bugs</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/istio.github.io/issues/new?title=Issue with _docs/concepts/traffic-management/handling-failures.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Doc Bugs & Gaps</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/istio.github.io/edit/master/_docs/concepts/traffic-management/handling-failures.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Edit This Page</a></li></ul></nav><nav class="col-12 col-sm-3" role="navigation"><ul><li><a class="header" href="/v0.6/community.html">Community</a></li><li> <a href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/istio-users" target="_blank" rel="noopener">User</a> | <a href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/istio-dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dev Mailing Lists</a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/IstioMesh" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Twitter</a></li><li><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/istio" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Stack Overflow</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/community/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">GitHub</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/community/blob/master/WORKING-GROUPS.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Working Groups</a></li></ul></nav></div><div class="row"><div class="col-12"><p class="description text-center" role="contentinfo"> Istio Archive 0.6, Copyright © 2018 Istio Authors<br> Archived on 02-Apr-2018</p></div></div></div></footer></div><script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-KJ3o2DKtIkvYIK3UENzmM7KCkRr/rE9/Qpg6aAZGJwFDMVNA/GpGFF93hXpG5KkN" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.12.9/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-ApNbgh9B+Y1QKtv3Rn7W3mgPxhU9K/ScQsAP7hUibX39j7fakFPskvXusvfa0b4Q" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-JZR6Spejh4U02d8jOt6vLEHfe/JQGiRRSQQxSfFWpi1MquVdAyjUar5+76PVCmYl" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/clipboard.js/1.7.1/clipboard.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.google.com/cse/brand?form=searchbox"></script> <script src="/v0.6/js/misc.min.js"></script></body></html>
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