istio
/
istio.io
mirror of https://github.com/istio/istio.io.git
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity
istio.io/archive/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/mesh-expansion.html

85 lines
48 KiB
HTML
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"><meta name="theme-color" content="#466BB0"/><meta name="title" content="Istio Mesh Expansion"><meta name="description" content="Instructions for integrating VMs and bare metal hosts into an Istio mesh deployed on Kubernetes."><meta name="og:title" content="Istio Mesh Expansion"><meta name="og:description" content="Instructions for integrating VMs and bare metal hosts into an Istio mesh deployed on Kubernetes."><meta name="og:url" content="/docs/setup/kubernetes/mesh-expansion.html"><meta name="og.site_name" content="Istio"><title>Istioldie 0.6 / Istio Mesh Expansion</title><script> window.ga=window.ga||function(){(ga.q=ga.q||[]).push(arguments)};ga.l=+new Date; ga('create', 'UA-98480406-2', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <script async src='https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js'></script><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Istio Blog RSS" href="/v0.6/feed.xml"><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/v0.6/favicons/favicon.ico" ><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/v0.6/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png" sizes="180x180"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/v0.6/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/v0.6/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/v0.6/favicons/android-36x36.png" sizes="36x36"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/v0.6/favicons/android-48x48.png" sizes="48x48"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/v0.6/favicons/android-72x72.png" sizes="72x72"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/v0.6/favicons/android-96x196.png" sizes="96x196"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/v0.6/favicons/android-144x144.png" sizes="144x144"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/v0.6/favicons/android-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"><link rel="manifest" href="/v0.6/manifest.json"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Istio"><meta name="application-name" content="Istio"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:400,100,100italic,300,300italic,400italic,500,500italic,700,700italic,900,900italic"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-Gn5384xqQ1aoWXA+058RXPxPg6fy4IWvTNh0E263XmFcJlSAwiGgFAW/dAiS6JXm" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.0.6/css/all.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/v0.6/css/light_theme.css" title="light"><link rel="alternate stylesheet" href="/v0.6/css/dark_theme.css" title="dark"> <script src="/v0.6/js/styleSwitcher.min.js"></script></head><body class="language-unknown theme-unknown"><header role="banner"><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-dark fixed-top bg-dark"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="/v0.6/" style="visibility: visible"> <img class="logo" src="/v0.6/img/istio-logo.svg" alt="Istio Logo"/> <span class="brand-name">Istioldie 0.6</span> </a> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarCollapse" aria-controls="navbarCollapse" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse justify-content-end" id="navbarCollapse"><ul class="navbar-nav"><li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link " href="/v0.6/about/intro.html">About</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link " href="/v0.6/blog/2018/traffic-mirroring.html">Blog</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link active" href="/v0.6/docs/">Docs</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link " href="/v0.6/help/">Help</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link " href="/v0.6/community.html">Community</a></li><li class="nav-item dropdown" id="gearDropdown" style="white-space: nowrap"> <a href="" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <i style="width: 1em" class='fa fa-lg fa-cog'></i> </a><ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="gearDropdown"><h6 class="dropdown-header">Other versions of this site</h6><li> <a href="https://istio.io">Current Release</a></li><li> <a href="https://preliminary.istio.io">Next Release</a></li><li> <a href="https://archive.istio.io">Older Releases</a></li><li class="dropdown-divider"></li><li> <i class='fa fa-check light'></i> <a href="" onclick="setActiveStyleSheet('light');return false;">Light Theme</a></li><li> <i class='fa fa-check dark'></i> <a href="" onclick="setActiveStyleSheet('dark');return false;">Dark Theme</a></li></ul></li></ul><form name="cse" id="searchbox" class="form-inline justify-content-end" role="search"> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="013699703217164175118:iwwf17ikgf4" /> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="utf-8" /> <input type="hidden" name="hl" value="en" /><div class="input-group"> <input name="q" class="form-control search-box" type="text" size="30" /> <button class="btn btn-search input-group-addon my-2 my-sm-0 fa fa-search" type="submit"></button></div></form></div></nav></header><div class="container-fluid"><div class="row row-offcanvas row-offcanvas-left"><div class="col-6 col-md-3 col-xl-2 sidebar-offcanvas"><nav class="sidebar"><div class="spacer"></div><div class="directory" role="tablist"><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header1"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse1" title="Concepts help you learn about the different parts of the Istio system and the abstractions it uses." role="button" aria-controls="collapse1"><div> Concepts</div></a></div><div id="collapse1" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header1"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="A broad overview of the Istio system." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/what-is-istio">What is Istio?</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Provides a conceptual introduction to Istio, including the problems it solves and its high-level architecture." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/overview.html">Overview</a></li><li> <a title="Describes the core principles that Istio's design adheres to." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/goals.html">Design Goals</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes the various Istio features focused on traffic routing and control." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management">Traffic Management</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Provides a conceptual overview of traffic management in Istio and the features it enables." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/overview.html">Overview</a></li><li> <a title="Introduces Pilot, the component responsible for managing a distributed deployment of Envoy proxies in the service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/pilot.html">Pilot</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how requests are routed between services in an Istio service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/request-routing.html">Request Routing</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how traffic is load balanced across instances of a service in the mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/load-balancing.html">Discovery & Load Balancing</a></li><li> <a title="An overview of failure recovery capabilities in Envoy that can be leveraged by unmodified applications to improve robustness and prevent cascading failures." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/handling-failures.html">Handling Failures</a></li><li> <a title="Introduces the idea of systematic fault injection that can be used to uncover conflicting failure recovery policies across services." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/fault-injection.html">Fault Injection</a></li><li> <a title="Provides a high-level overview of the domain-specific language used by Istio to configure traffic management rules in the service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/rules-configuration.html">Rules Configuration</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/security">Security</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Describes Istio's mutual TLS authentication architecture which provides a strong service identity and secure communication channels between services." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/security/mutual-tls.html">Mutual TLS Authentication</a></li><li> <a title="Describes Istio RBAC which provides access control for services in Istio Mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/security/rbac.html">Istio Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Introduces the policy control mechanisms." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/policy-and-control">Policies and Control</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Explains the important notion of attributes, which is a central mechanism for how policies and control are applied to services within the mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/policy-and-control/attributes.html">Attributes</a></li><li> <a title="Architectural deep-dive into the design of Mixer, which provides the policy and control mechanisms within the service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/policy-and-control/mixer.html">Mixer</a></li><li> <a title="An overview of the key concepts used to configure Mixer." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/policy-and-control/mixer-config.html">Mixer Configuration</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header20"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse20" title="Setup contains instructions for installing the Istio control plane in various environments (e.g., Kubernetes, Consul, etc.), as well as instructions for installing the sidecar in the application deployment." role="button" aria-controls="collapse20"><div> Setup</div></a></div><div id="collapse20" class="collapse show" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header20"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-down'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes and adding VMs into the mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes">Kubernetes</a> </label><ul class="tree"><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh in a Kubernetes cluster." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start.html">Quick Start</a></li><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service using Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)" href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start-gke-dm.html">Quick Start with Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for the setup and configuration of Istio using the Helm package manager." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/helm.html">Istio Helm Chart Instructions</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions on using the included Ansible playbook to perform installation." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/ansible-install.html">Installing with Ansible</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/sidecar-injection.html">Installing Istio Sidecar</a></li><li> <span class="current" title="Instructions for integrating VMs and bare metal hosts into an Istio mesh deployed on Kubernetes.">Istio Mesh Expansion</span></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/consul">Nomad & Consul</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/consul/quick-start.html">Quick Start on Docker</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/consul/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Eureka based environment." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/eureka">Eureka</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/eureka/quick-start.html">Quick Start on Docker</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in an Eureka based environment." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/eureka/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Cloud Foundry." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/cloudfoundry">Cloud Foundry</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Cloud Foundry." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/cloudfoundry/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Apache Mesos." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/mesos">Mesos</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Apache Mesos." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/mesos/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header38"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse38" title="Tasks show you how to do a single specific targeted activity with the Istio system." role="button" aria-controls="collapse38"><div> Tasks</div></a></div><div id="collapse38" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header38"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that demonstrate traffic routing features of Istio service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management">Traffic Management</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing based on weights and HTTP headers." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing.html">Configuring Request Routing</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to inject delays and test the resiliency of your application." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection.html">Fault Injection</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting.html">Traffic Shifting</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts.html">Setting Request Timeouts</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how to configure Istio Ingress on Kubernetes." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress.html">Istio Ingress</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress.html">Control Egress Traffic</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how to configure Istio to route TCP traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress-tcp.html">Control Egress TCP Traffic</a></li><li> <a title="This task demonstrates the circuit-breaking capability for resilient applications" href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking.html">Circuit Breaking</a></li><li> <a title="Demonstrates Istio's traffic shadowing/mirroring capabilities" href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring.html">Mirroring</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that demonstrate policy enforcement features." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement">Policy Enforcement</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="This task shows you how to use Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limiting.html">Enabling Rate Limits</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that demonstrate how to collect telemetry information from the service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry">Metrics, Logs, and Traces</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="How to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin or Jaeger" href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing.html">Distributed Tracing</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics and logs." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics-logs.html">Collecting Metrics and Logs</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/tcp-metrics.html">Collecting Metrics for TCP services</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/querying-metrics.html">Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/using-istio-dashboard.html">Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to generate a graph of services within an Istio mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/servicegraph.html">Generating a Service Graph</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to log to a Fluentd daemon" href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/fluentd.html">Logging with Fluentd</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that help securing the service mesh traffic." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security">Security</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="This task shows you how to verify and test Istio's automatic mutual TLS authentication." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/mutual-tls.html">Testing Istio mutual TLS authentication</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to control access to a service using the Kubernetes labels." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/basic-access-control.html">Setting up Basic Access Control</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to securely control access to a service using service accounts." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/secure-access-control.html">Setting up Secure Access Control</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to set up role-based access control for services in Istio mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/role-based-access-control.html">Setting up Istio Role-Based Access Control</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to change mutual TLS authentication for a single service." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/per-service-mtls.html">Per-service mutual TLS authentication enablement</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how operators can plug existing certificate and key into Istio CA." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/plugin-ca-cert.html">Plugging in CA certificate and key</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to enable Istio CA health check." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/health-check.html">Enabling Istio CA health check</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header67"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse67" title="Guides include a variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with." role="button" aria-controls="collapse67"><div> Guides</div></a></div><div id="collapse67" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header67"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li> <a title="This guide deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices which will be used to demonstrate various features of the Istio service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/guides/bookinfo.html">Bookinfo</a></li><li> <a title="This guide demonstrates how to use various traffic management capabilities of an Istio service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/guides/intelligent-routing.html">Intelligent Routing</a></li><li> <a title="This sample demonstrates how to obtain uniform metrics, logs, traces across different services using Istio Mixer and Istio sidecar." href="/v0.6/docs/guides/telemetry.html">In-Depth Telemetry</a></li><li> <a title="This sample deploys the Bookinfo services across Kubernetes and a set of virtual machines, and illustrates how to use the Istio service mesh to control this infrastructure as a single mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/guides/integrating-vms.html">Integrating Virtual Machines</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header72"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse72" title="The Reference section contains detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters." role="button" aria-controls="collapse72"><div> Reference</div></a></div><div id="collapse72" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header72"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Detailed information on API parameters." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/api">API</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="API definitions to interact with Mixer" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/api/istio.mixer.v1.html">Mixer</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Detailed information on configuration options." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config">Configuration</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Configuration affecting the service mesh as a whole" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.mesh.v1alpha1.html">Service Mesh</a></li><li> <a title="Configuration state for the Mixer client library" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.mixer.v1.config.client.html">Mixer Client</a></li><li> <a title="Describes the rules used to configure Mixer's policy and telemetry features." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.mixer.v1.config.html">Policy and Telemetry Rules</a></li><li> <a title="Configuration affecting resource-based access control" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.rbac.v1alpha1.html">RBAC</a></li><li> <a title="Configuration affecting traffic routing" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.routing.v1alpha1.html">Route Rules Alpha 1</a></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Detailed information on configuration and API exposed by Mixer." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer">Mixer</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Definitions used when creating Mixer templates" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/istio.mixer.adapter.model.v1beta1.html">Mixer Adapter Model</a></li><li> <a title="Value types used with templates" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/istio.mixer.v1.config.descriptor.html">Value Type</a></li><li> <a title="Definitions used when creating Mixer templates" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/istio.mixer.v1.template.html">Template Metadata</a></li><li> <a title="Describes the base attribute vocabulary used for policy and control." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/attribute-vocabulary.html">Attribute Vocabulary</a></li><li> <a title="Mixer config expression language reference." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/expression-language.html">Expression Language</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Generated documentation for Mixer's adapters." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters">Adapters</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Adapter for circonus.com's monitoring solution." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/circonus.html">Circonus</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a dogstatsd agent for delivery to DataDog" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/datadog.html">Datadog</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that always returns a precondition denial." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/denier.html">Denier</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that delivers logs to a fluentd daemon." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/fluentd.html">Fluentd</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that extracts information from a Kubernetes environment." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/kubernetesenv.html">Kubernetes Env</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that performs whitelist or blacklist checks" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/list.html">List</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter for a simple in-memory quota management system." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/memquota.html">Memory quota</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that implements an Open Policy Agent engine" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/opa.html">OPA</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that exposes Istio metrics for ingestion by a Prometheus harvester." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/prometheus.html">Prometheus</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that exposes Istio's Role-Based Access Control model." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/rbac.html">RBAC</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter for a Redis-based quota management system." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/redisquota.html">Redis Quota</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that delivers logs and metrics to Google Service Control" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/servicecontrol.html">Service Control</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Papertrail and AppOptics backends" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/solarwinds.html">SolarWinds</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Stackdriver" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/stackdriver.html">Stackdriver</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a StatsD backend" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/statsd.html">StatsD</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter for outputting logs and metrics locally." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/stdio.html">Stdio</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Generated documentation for Mixer's Templates." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template">Templates</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="A template that represents a single API key." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/apikey.html">API Key</a></li><li> <a title="A template used to represent an access control query." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/authorization.html">Authorization</a></li><li> <a title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/checknothing.html">Check Nothing</a></li><li> <a title="A template that is used to control the production of Kubernetes-specific attributes." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/kubernetes.html">Kubernetes</a></li><li> <a title="A template designed to let you perform list checking operations." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/listentry.html">List Entry</a></li><li> <a title="A template that represents a single runtime log entry." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/logentry.html">Log Entry</a></li><li> <a title="A template that represents a single runtime metric." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/metric.html">Metric</a></li><li> <a title="A template that represents a quota allocation request" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/quota.html">Quota</a></li><li> <a title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/reportnothing.html">Report Nothing</a></li><li> <a title="A template used by the Google Service Control adapter." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/servicecontrolreport.html">Service Control Report</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes usage and options of the Istio commands and utilities." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands">Commands</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Istio Certificate Authority (CA)" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/istio_ca.html">istio_ca</a></li><li> <a title="Istio control interface" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/istioctl.html">istioctl</a></li><li> <a title="Utility to trigger direct calls to Mixer&#39;s API." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/mixc.html">mixc</a></li><li> <a title="Mixer is Istio&#39;s abstraction on top of infrastructure backends." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/mixs.html">mixs</a></li><li> <a title="Istio security per-node agent" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/node_agent.html">node_agent</a></li><li> <a title="Istio Pilot agent" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/pilot-agent.html">pilot-agent</a></li><li> <a title="Istio Pilot" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery.html">pilot-discovery</a></li><li> <a title="Kubernetes webhook for automatic Istio sidecar injection" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/sidecar-injector.html">sidecar-injector</a></li></ul></li><li> <a title="How to write Istio config YAML content." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/writing-config.html">Writing Configuration</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></nav></div><div class="col-12 col-md-9 col-lg-7 col-xl-8"><p class="d-md-none"> <label class="sidebar-toggler" data-toggle="offcanvas"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i> </label></p><main role="main"><h1>Istio Mesh Expansion</h1><p>Instructions for integrating VMs and bare metal hosts into an Istio mesh deployed on Kubernetes.</p><h2 id="prerequisites">Prerequisites</h2><ul><li><p>Setup Istio on Kubernetes by following the instructions in the <a href="quick-start.html">Installation guide</a>.</p></li><li><p>The machine must have IP connectivity to the endpoints in the mesh. This typically requires a VPC or a VPN, as well as a container network that provides direct (without NAT or firewall deny) routing to the endpoints. The machine is not required to have access to the cluster IP addresses assigned by Kubernetes.</p></li><li><p>The Istio control plane services (Pilot, Mixer, CA) and Kubernetes DNS server must be accessible from the VMs. This is typically done using an <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#internal-load-balancer">Internal Load Balancer</a>. You can also use NodePort, run Istio components on VMs, or use custom network configurations, separate documents will cover these advanced configurations.</p></li></ul><h2 id="installation-steps">Installation steps</h2><p>Setup consists of preparing the mesh for expansion and installing and configuring each VM.</p><p>An example script to help with Kubernetes setup is available as part of the release bundle and in <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/master/install/tools/setupMeshEx.sh">install/tools/setupMeshEx.sh</a>. Check the script content and environment variables supported (like GCP_OPTS).</p><p>An example script to help configure a machine is available as part of the release bundle and in <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/master/install/tools/setupIstioVM.sh">install/tools/setupIstioVM.sh</a>. You should customize it based on your provisioning tools and DNS requirements.</p><h3 id="preparing-the-kubernetes-cluster-for-expansion">Preparing the Kubernetes cluster for expansion</h3><ul><li>Setup Internal Load Balancers (ILBs) for Kube DNS, Pilot, Mixer and CA. This step is specific to each cloud provider, so you may need to edit annotations.</li></ul><div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl apply -f install/kubernetes/mesh-expansion.yaml
</code></pre></div></div><ul><li>Generate the Istio ‘cluster.env’ configuration to be deployed in the VMs. This file contains the cluster IP address ranges to intercept.</li></ul><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">export </span><span class="nv">GCP_OPTS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"--zone MY_ZONE --project MY_PROJECT"</span>
</code></pre></div></div><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>install/tools/setupMeshEx.sh generateClusterEnv MY_CLUSTER_NAME
</code></pre></div></div><p>Example generated file:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">cat </span>cluster.env
</code></pre></div></div><div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ISTIO_SERVICE_CIDR=10.63.240.0/20
</code></pre></div></div><ul><li>Generate DNS configuration file to be used in the VMs. This will allow apps on the VM to resolve cluster service names, which will be intercepted by the sidecar and forwarded.</li></ul><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c"># Make sure your kubectl context is set to your cluster</span>
install/tools/setupMeshEx.sh generateDnsmasq
</code></pre></div></div><p>Example generated file:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">cat </span>kubedns
</code></pre></div></div><div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>server=/svc.cluster.local/10.150.0.7
address=/istio-mixer/10.150.0.8
address=/istio-pilot/10.150.0.6
address=/istio-ca/10.150.0.9
address=/istio-mixer.istio-system/10.150.0.8
address=/istio-pilot.istio-system/10.150.0.6
address=/istio-ca.istio-system/10.150.0.9
</code></pre></div></div><h3 id="setting-up-the-machines">Setting up the machines</h3><p>As an example, you can use the following “all inclusive” script to copy and install the setup:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c"># Check what the script does to see that it meets your needs.</span>
<span class="nb">export </span><span class="nv">GCP_OPTS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"--zone MY_ZONE --project MY_PROJECT"</span>
<span class="c"># change to the namespace you wish to use for VMs but 'vm' is what the bookinfo guide assumes</span>
<span class="nb">export </span><span class="nv">SERVICE_NAMESPACE</span><span class="o">=</span>vm
</code></pre></div></div><p>If you are running on a GCE VM, run</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>install/tools/setupMeshEx.sh gceMachineSetup VM_NAME
</code></pre></div></div><p>Otherwise, run</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>install/tools/setupMeshEx.sh machineSetup VM_NAME
</code></pre></div></div><p>GCE provides better user experience since node agent can always relies on GCE metadata instance document to authenticate to Istio CA. For everything else, e.g., on-prem or raw VM, we have to bootstrap a key/cert as credential, which typically has a limited lifetime. And when the cert expires, you have to rerun the above command.</p><p>Or the equivalent manual steps:</p><p>—— Manual setup steps begin ——</p><ul><li><p>Copy the configuration files and Istio Debian files to each machine joining the cluster. Save the files as <code class="highlighter-rouge">/etc/dnsmasq.d/kubedns</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">/var/lib/istio/envoy/cluster.env</code>.</p></li><li><p>Configure and verify DNS settings. This may require installing <code class="highlighter-rouge">dnsmasq</code> and either adding it to <code class="highlighter-rouge">/etc/resolv.conf</code> directly or via DHCP scripts. To verify, check that the VM can resolve names and connect to pilot, for example:</p></li></ul><p>On the VM/external host:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>host istio-pilot.istio-system
</code></pre></div></div><p>Example generated message:</p><div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code># Verify you get the same address as shown as "EXTERNAL-IP" in 'kubectl get svc -n istio-system istio-pilot-ilb'
istio-pilot.istio-system has address 10.150.0.6
</code></pre></div></div><p>Check that you can resolve cluster IPs. The actual address will depend on your deployment.</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>host istio-pilot.istio-system.svc.cluster.local.
</code></pre></div></div><p>Example generated message:</p><div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>istio-pilot.istio-system.svc.cluster.local has address 10.63.247.248
</code></pre></div></div><p>Check istio-ingress similarly:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>host istio-ingress.istio-system.svc.cluster.local.
</code></pre></div></div><p>Example generated message:</p><div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>istio-ingress.istio-system.svc.cluster.local has address 10.63.243.30
</code></pre></div></div><ul><li>Verify connectivity by checking whether the VM can connect to Pilot and to an endpoint.</li></ul><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>curl <span class="s1">'http://istio-pilot.istio-system:8080/v1/registration/istio-pilot.istio-system.svc.cluster.local|http-discovery'</span>
</code></pre></div></div><div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>{
"hosts": [
{
"ip_address": "10.60.1.4",
"port": 8080
}
]
}
</code></pre></div></div><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c"># On the VM, use the address above. It will directly connect to the pod running istio-pilot.</span>
curl <span class="s1">'http://10.60.1.4:8080/v1/registration/istio-pilot.istio-system.svc.cluster.local|http-discovery'</span>
</code></pre></div></div><ul><li>Extract the initial Istio authentication secrets and copy them to the machine. The default installation of Istio includes Istio CA and will generate Istio secrets even if the automatic ‘mTLS’ setting is disabled (it creates secret for each service account, and the secret is named as <code class="highlighter-rouge">istio.&lt;serviceaccount&gt;</code>). It is recommended that you perform this step to make it easy to enable mTLS in the future and to upgrade to a future version that will have mTLS enabled by default.</li></ul><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c"># ACCOUNT defaults to 'default', or SERVICE_ACCOUNT environment variable</span>
<span class="c"># NAMESPACE defaults to current namespace, or SERVICE_NAMESPACE environment variable</span>
<span class="c"># (this step is done by machineSetup)</span>
<span class="c"># On a mac either brew install base64 or set BASE64_DECODE="/usr/bin/base64 -D"</span>
install/tools/setupMeshEx.sh machineCerts ACCOUNT NAMESPACE
</code></pre></div></div><p>The generated files (<code class="highlighter-rouge">key.pem</code>, <code class="highlighter-rouge">root-cert.pem</code>, <code class="highlighter-rouge">cert-chain.pem</code>) must be copied to /etc/certs on each machine, readable by istio-proxy.</p><ul><li><p>Install Istio Debian files and start ‘istio’ and ‘istio-auth-node-agent’ services. Get the debian packages from <a href="https://github.com/istio/istio/releases">github releases</a> or:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c"># Note: This will be replaced with an 'apt-get' command once the repositories are setup.</span>
<span class="nb">source </span>istio.VERSION <span class="c"># defines version and URLs env var</span>
curl <span class="nt">-L</span> <span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">PILOT_DEBIAN_URL</span><span class="k">}</span>/istio-sidecar.deb <span class="o">&gt;</span> istio-sidecar.deb
dpkg <span class="nt">-i</span> istio-sidecar.deb
systemctl start istio
systemctl start istio-auth-node-agent
</code></pre></div></div></li></ul><p>—— Manual setup steps end ——</p><p>After setup, the machine should be able to access services running in the Kubernetes cluster or other mesh expansion machines.</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c"># Assuming you install bookinfo in 'bookinfo' namespace</span>
curl productpage.bookinfo.svc.cluster.local:9080
</code></pre></div></div><div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>... html content ...
</code></pre></div></div><p>Check that the processes are running:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ps aux |grep istio
</code></pre></div></div><div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>root 6941 0.0 0.2 75392 16820 ? Ssl 21:32 0:00 /usr/local/istio/bin/node_agent --logtostderr
root 6955 0.0 0.0 49344 3048 ? Ss 21:32 0:00 su -s /bin/bash -c INSTANCE_IP=10.150.0.5 POD_NAME=demo-vm-1 POD_NAMESPACE=default exec /usr/local/bin/pilot-agent proxy &gt; /var/log/istio/istio.log istio-proxy
istio-p+ 7016 0.0 0.1 215172 12096 ? Ssl 21:32 0:00 /usr/local/bin/pilot-agent proxy
istio-p+ 7094 4.0 0.3 69540 24800 ? Sl 21:32 0:37 /usr/local/bin/envoy -c /etc/istio/proxy/envoy-rev1.json --restart-epoch 1 --drain-time-s 2 --parent-shutdown-time-s 3 --service-cluster istio-proxy --service-node sidecar~10.150.0.5~demo-vm-1.default~default.svc.cluster.local
</code></pre></div></div><p>Istio auth node agent is healthy:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">sudo </span>systemctl status istio-auth-node-agent
</code></pre></div></div><div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>● istio-auth-node-agent.service - istio-auth-node-agent: The Istio auth node agent
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/istio-auth-node-agent.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri 2017-10-13 21:32:29 UTC; 9s ago
Docs: https://istio.io/
Main PID: 6941 (node_agent)
Tasks: 5
Memory: 5.9M
CPU: 92ms
CGroup: /system.slice/istio-auth-node-agent.service
└─6941 /usr/local/istio/bin/node_agent --logtostderr
Oct 13 21:32:29 demo-vm-1 systemd[1]: Started istio-auth-node-agent: The Istio auth node agent.
Oct 13 21:32:29 demo-vm-1 node_agent[6941]: I1013 21:32:29.469314 6941 main.go:66] Starting Node Agent
Oct 13 21:32:29 demo-vm-1 node_agent[6941]: I1013 21:32:29.469365 6941 nodeagent.go:96] Node Agent starts successfully.
Oct 13 21:32:29 demo-vm-1 node_agent[6941]: I1013 21:32:29.483324 6941 nodeagent.go:112] Sending CSR (retrial #0) ...
Oct 13 21:32:29 demo-vm-1 node_agent[6941]: I1013 21:32:29.862575 6941 nodeagent.go:128] CSR is approved successfully. Will renew cert in 29m59.137732603s
</code></pre></div></div><h2 id="running-services-on-a-mesh-expansion-machine">Running services on a mesh expansion machine</h2><ul><li><p>Configure the sidecar to intercept the port. This is configured in ``/var/lib/istio/envoy/sidecar.env`, using the ISTIO_INBOUND_PORTS environment variable.</p><p>Example (on the VM running the service):</p></li></ul><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s2">"ISTIO_INBOUND_PORTS=27017,3306,8080"</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> /var/lib/istio/envoy/sidecar.env
systemctl restart istio
</code></pre></div></div><ul><li><p>Manually configure a selector-less service and endpoints. The ‘selector-less’ service is used for services that are not backed by Kubernetes pods.</p><p>Example, on a machine with permissions to modify Kubernetes services:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c"># istioctl register servicename machine-ip portname:port</span>
istioctl <span class="nt">-n</span> onprem register mysql 1.2.3.4 3306
istioctl <span class="nt">-n</span> onprem register svc1 1.2.3.4 http:7000
</code></pre></div></div></li></ul><p>After the setup, Kubernetes pods and other mesh expansions should be able to access the services running on the machine.</p><h2 id="putting-it-all-together">Putting it all together</h2><p>See the <a href="/v0.6/docs/guides/integrating-vms.html">Bookinfo Mesh Expansion</a> guide.</p></main></div><div class="col-12 col-md-2 d-none d-lg-block"><nav class="toc"><div class="spacer"></div><div class="directory" role="directory"><ul><li><a href="#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li><li><a href="#installation-steps">Installation steps</a><ul><li><a href="#preparing-the-kubernetes-cluster-for-expansion">Preparing the Kubernetes cluster for expansion</a></li><li><a href="#setting-up-the-machines">Setting up the machines</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#running-services-on-a-mesh-expansion-machine">Running services on a mesh expansion machine</a></li><li><a href="#putting-it-all-together">Putting it all together</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div></div><div class="footer"><footer><div class="container-fluid"><div class="row"><div class="col-sm-2"></div><nav class=" col-12 col-sm-3" role="navigation"><ul class="first"><li><a class="header" href="/v0.6/docs/">Docs</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/">Concepts</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/setup/">Setup</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/">Tasks</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/guides/">Guides</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/reference/">Reference</a></li></ul></nav><nav class="col-12 col-sm-3" role="navigation"><ul><li><a class="header" href="/v0.6/help/">Help</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/help/faq/index.html">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/help/glossary.html">Glossary</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/help/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/help/bugs.html">Report Bugs</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/istio.github.io/issues/new?title=Issue with _docs/setup/kubernetes/mesh-expansion.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Doc Bugs & Gaps</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/istio.github.io/edit/master/_docs/setup/kubernetes/mesh-expansion.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Edit This Page</a></li></ul></nav><nav class="col-12 col-sm-3" role="navigation"><ul><li><a class="header" href="/v0.6/community.html">Community</a></li><li> <a href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/istio-users" target="_blank" rel="noopener">User</a> | <a href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/istio-dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dev Mailing Lists</a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/IstioMesh" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Twitter</a></li><li><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/istio" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Stack Overflow</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/community/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">GitHub</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/community/blob/master/WORKING-GROUPS.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Working Groups</a></li></ul></nav></div><div class="row"><div class="col-12"><p class="description text-center" role="contentinfo"> Istio Archive 0.6, Copyright &copy; 2018 Istio Authors<br> Archived on 02-Apr-2018</p></div></div></div></footer></div><script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-KJ3o2DKtIkvYIK3UENzmM7KCkRr/rE9/Qpg6aAZGJwFDMVNA/GpGFF93hXpG5KkN" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.12.9/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-ApNbgh9B+Y1QKtv3Rn7W3mgPxhU9K/ScQsAP7hUibX39j7fakFPskvXusvfa0b4Q" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-JZR6Spejh4U02d8jOt6vLEHfe/JQGiRRSQQxSfFWpi1MquVdAyjUar5+76PVCmYl" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/clipboard.js/1.7.1/clipboard.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.google.com/cse/brand?form=searchbox"></script> <script src="/v0.6/js/misc.min.js"></script></body></html>
Reference in New Issue View Git Blame Copy Permalink