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class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="A broad overview of the Istio system." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/what-is-istio">What is Istio?</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Provides a conceptual introduction to Istio, including the problems it solves and its high-level architecture." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/overview.html">Overview</a></li><li> <a title="Describes the core principles that Istio's design adheres to." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/goals.html">Design Goals</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes the various Istio features focused on traffic routing and control." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management">Traffic Management</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Provides a conceptual overview of traffic management in Istio and the features it enables." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/overview.html">Overview</a></li><li> <a title="Introduces Pilot, the component responsible for managing a distributed deployment of Envoy proxies in the service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/pilot.html">Pilot</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how requests are routed between services in an Istio service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/request-routing.html">Request Routing</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how traffic is load balanced across instances of a service in the mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/load-balancing.html">Discovery & Load Balancing</a></li><li> <a title="An overview of failure recovery capabilities in Envoy that can be leveraged by unmodified applications to improve robustness and prevent cascading failures." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/handling-failures.html">Handling Failures</a></li><li> <a title="Introduces the idea of systematic fault injection that can be used to uncover conflicting failure recovery policies across services." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/fault-injection.html">Fault Injection</a></li><li> <a title="Provides a high-level overview of the domain-specific language used by Istio to configure traffic management rules in the service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/rules-configuration.html">Rules Configuration</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/security">Security</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Describes Istio's mutual TLS authentication architecture which provides a strong service identity and secure communication channels between services." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/security/mutual-tls.html">Mutual TLS Authentication</a></li><li> <a title="Describes Istio RBAC which provides access control for services in Istio Mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/security/rbac.html">Istio Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Introduces the policy control mechanisms." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/policy-and-control">Policies and Control</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Explains the important notion of attributes, which is a central mechanism for how policies and control are applied to services within the mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/policy-and-control/attributes.html">Attributes</a></li><li> <a title="Architectural deep-dive into the design of Mixer, which provides the policy and control mechanisms within the service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/policy-and-control/mixer.html">Mixer</a></li><li> <a title="An overview of the key concepts used to configure Mixer." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/policy-and-control/mixer-config.html">Mixer Configuration</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header20"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse20" title="Setup contains instructions for installing the Istio control plane in various environments (e.g., Kubernetes, Consul, etc.), as well as instructions for installing the sidecar in the application deployment." role="button" aria-controls="collapse20"><div> Setup</div></a></div><div id="collapse20" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header20"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes and adding VMs into the mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes">Kubernetes</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh in a Kubernetes cluster." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start.html">Quick Start</a></li><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service using Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)" href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start-gke-dm.html">Quick Start with Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for the setup and configuration of Istio using the Helm package manager." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/helm.html">Istio Helm Chart Instructions</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions on using the included Ansible playbook to perform installation." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/ansible-install.html">Installing with Ansible</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/sidecar-injection.html">Installing Istio Sidecar</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for integrating VMs and bare metal hosts into an Istio mesh deployed on Kubernetes." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/mesh-expansion.html">Istio Mesh Expansion</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/consul">Nomad & Consul</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/consul/quick-start.html">Quick Start on Docker</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/consul/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Eureka based environment." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/eureka">Eureka</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/eureka/quick-start.html">Quick Start on Docker</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in an Eureka based environment." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/eureka/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Cloud Foundry." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/cloudfoundry">Cloud Foundry</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Cloud Foundry." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/cloudfoundry/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Apache Mesos." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/mesos">Mesos</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Apache Mesos." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/mesos/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header38"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse38" title="Tasks show you how to do a single specific targeted activity with the Istio system." role="button" aria-controls="collapse38"><div> Tasks</div></a></div><div id="collapse38" class="collapse show" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header38"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that demonstrate traffic routing features of Istio service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management">Traffic Management</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing based on weights and HTTP headers." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing.html">Configuring Request Routing</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to inject delays and test the resiliency of your application." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection.html">Fault Injection</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting.html">Traffic Shifting</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts.html">Setting Request Timeouts</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how to configure Istio Ingress on Kubernetes." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress.html">Istio Ingress</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress.html">Control Egress Traffic</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how to configure Istio to route TCP traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress-tcp.html">Control Egress TCP Traffic</a></li><li> <a title="This task demonstrates the circuit-breaking capability for resilient applications" href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking.html">Circuit Breaking</a></li><li> <a title="Demonstrates Istio's traffic shadowing/mirroring capabilities" href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring.html">Mirroring</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-down'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that demonstrate policy enforcement features." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement">Policy Enforcement</a> </label><ul class="tree"><li> <span class="current" title="This task shows you how to use Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service.">Enabling Rate Limits</span></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that demonstrate how to collect telemetry information from the service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry">Metrics, Logs, and Traces</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="How to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin or Jaeger" href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing.html">Distributed Tracing</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics and logs." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics-logs.html">Collecting Metrics and Logs</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/tcp-metrics.html">Collecting Metrics for TCP services</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/querying-metrics.html">Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/using-istio-dashboard.html">Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to generate a graph of services within an Istio mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/servicegraph.html">Generating a Service Graph</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to log to a Fluentd daemon" href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/fluentd.html">Logging with Fluentd</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that help securing the service mesh traffic." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security">Security</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="This task shows you how to verify and test Istio's automatic mutual TLS authentication." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/mutual-tls.html">Testing Istio mutual TLS authentication</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to control access to a service using the Kubernetes labels." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/basic-access-control.html">Setting up Basic Access Control</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to securely control access to a service using service accounts." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/secure-access-control.html">Setting up Secure Access Control</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to set up role-based access control for services in Istio mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/role-based-access-control.html">Setting up Istio Role-Based Access Control</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to change mutual TLS authentication for a single service." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/per-service-mtls.html">Per-service mutual TLS authentication enablement</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how operators can plug existing certificate and key into Istio CA." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/plugin-ca-cert.html">Plugging in CA certificate and key</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to enable Istio CA health check." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/health-check.html">Enabling Istio CA health check</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header67"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse67" title="Guides include a variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with." role="button" aria-controls="collapse67"><div> Guides</div></a></div><div id="collapse67" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header67"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li> <a title="This guide deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices which will be used to demonstrate various features of the Istio service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/guides/bookinfo.html">Bookinfo</a></li><li> <a title="This guide demonstrates how to use various traffic management capabilities of an Istio service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/guides/intelligent-routing.html">Intelligent Routing</a></li><li> <a title="This sample demonstrates how to obtain uniform metrics, logs, traces across different services using Istio Mixer and Istio sidecar." href="/v0.6/docs/guides/telemetry.html">In-Depth Telemetry</a></li><li> <a title="This sample deploys the Bookinfo services across Kubernetes and a set of virtual machines, and illustrates how to use the Istio service mesh to control this infrastructure as a single mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/guides/integrating-vms.html">Integrating Virtual Machines</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header72"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse72" title="The Reference section contains detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters." role="button" aria-controls="collapse72"><div> Reference</div></a></div><div id="collapse72" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header72"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Detailed information on API parameters." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/api">API</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="API definitions to interact with Mixer" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/api/istio.mixer.v1.html">Mixer</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Detailed information on configuration options." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config">Configuration</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Configuration affecting the service mesh as a whole" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.mesh.v1alpha1.html">Service Mesh</a></li><li> <a title="Configuration state for the Mixer client library" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.mixer.v1.config.client.html">Mixer Client</a></li><li> <a title="Describes the rules used to configure Mixer's policy and telemetry features." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.mixer.v1.config.html">Policy and Telemetry Rules</a></li><li> <a title="Configuration affecting resource-based access control" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.rbac.v1alpha1.html">RBAC</a></li><li> <a title="Configuration affecting traffic routing" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.routing.v1alpha1.html">Route Rules Alpha 1</a></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Detailed information on configuration and API exposed by Mixer." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer">Mixer</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Definitions used when creating Mixer templates" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/istio.mixer.adapter.model.v1beta1.html">Mixer Adapter Model</a></li><li> <a title="Value types used with templates" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/istio.mixer.v1.config.descriptor.html">Value Type</a></li><li> <a title="Definitions used when creating Mixer templates" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/istio.mixer.v1.template.html">Template Metadata</a></li><li> <a title="Describes the base attribute vocabulary used for policy and control." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/attribute-vocabulary.html">Attribute Vocabulary</a></li><li> <a title="Mixer config expression language reference." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/expression-language.html">Expression Language</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Generated documentation for Mixer's adapters." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters">Adapters</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Adapter for circonus.com's monitoring solution." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/circonus.html">Circonus</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a dogstatsd agent for delivery to DataDog" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/datadog.html">Datadog</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that always returns a precondition denial." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/denier.html">Denier</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that delivers logs to a fluentd daemon." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/fluentd.html">Fluentd</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that extracts information from a Kubernetes environment." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/kubernetesenv.html">Kubernetes Env</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that performs whitelist or blacklist checks" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/list.html">List</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter for a simple in-memory quota management system." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/memquota.html">Memory quota</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that implements an Open Policy Agent engine" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/opa.html">OPA</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that exposes Istio metrics for ingestion by a Prometheus harvester." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/prometheus.html">Prometheus</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that exposes Istio's Role-Based Access Control model." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/rbac.html">RBAC</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter for a Redis-based quota management system." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/redisquota.html">Redis Quota</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that delivers logs and metrics to Google Service Control" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/servicecontrol.html">Service Control</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Papertrail and AppOptics backends" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/solarwinds.html">SolarWinds</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Stackdriver" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/stackdriver.html">Stackdriver</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a StatsD backend" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/statsd.html">StatsD</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter for outputting logs and metrics locally." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/stdio.html">Stdio</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Generated documentation for Mixer's Templates." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template">Templates</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="A template that represents a single API key." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/apikey.html">API Key</a></li><li> <a title="A template used to represent an access control query." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/authorization.html">Authorization</a></li><li> <a title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/checknothing.html">Check Nothing</a></li><li> <a title="A template that is used to control the production of Kubernetes-specific attributes." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/kubernetes.html">Kubernetes</a></li><li> <a title="A template designed to let you perform list checking operations." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/listentry.html">List Entry</a></li><li> <a title="A template that represents a single runtime log entry." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/logentry.html">Log Entry</a></li><li> <a title="A template that represents a single runtime metric." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/metric.html">Metric</a></li><li> <a title="A template that represents a quota allocation request" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/quota.html">Quota</a></li><li> <a title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/reportnothing.html">Report Nothing</a></li><li> <a title="A template used by the Google Service Control adapter." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/servicecontrolreport.html">Service Control Report</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes usage and options of the Istio commands and utilities." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands">Commands</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Istio Certificate Authority (CA)" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/istio_ca.html">istio_ca</a></li><li> <a title="Istio control interface" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/istioctl.html">istioctl</a></li><li> <a title="Utility to trigger direct calls to Mixer&#39;s API." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/mixc.html">mixc</a></li><li> <a title="Mixer is Istio&#39;s abstraction on top of infrastructure backends." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/mixs.html">mixs</a></li><li> <a title="Istio security per-node agent" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/node_agent.html">node_agent</a></li><li> <a title="Istio Pilot agent" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/pilot-agent.html">pilot-agent</a></li><li> <a title="Istio Pilot" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery.html">pilot-discovery</a></li><li> <a title="Kubernetes webhook for automatic Istio sidecar injection" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/sidecar-injector.html">sidecar-injector</a></li></ul></li><li> <a title="How to write Istio config YAML content." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/writing-config.html">Writing Configuration</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></nav></div><div class="col-12 col-md-9 col-lg-7 col-xl-8"><p class="d-md-none"> <label class="sidebar-toggler" data-toggle="offcanvas"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i> </label></p><main role="main"><h1>Enabling Rate Limits</h1><p>This task shows you how to use Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service.</p><h2 id="before-you-begin">Before you begin</h2><ul><li><p>Setup Istio in a Kubernetes cluster by following the quick start instructions in the <a href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start.html">Installation guide</a>.</p></li><li><p>Deploy the <a href="/v0.6/docs/guides/bookinfo.html">Bookinfo</a> sample application.</p></li><li><p>Initialize the application version routing to direct <code class="highlighter-rouge">reviews</code> service requests from test user “jason” to version v2 and requests from any other user to v3.</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>istioctl create <span class="nt">-f</span> samples/bookinfo/kube/route-rule-reviews-test-v2.yaml
istioctl create <span class="nt">-f</span> samples/bookinfo/kube/route-rule-reviews-v3.yaml
</code></pre></div></div><blockquote><p>Note: if you have conflicting rule that you set in previous tasks, use <code class="highlighter-rouge">istioctl replace</code> instead of <code class="highlighter-rouge">istioctl create</code>.</p></blockquote></li></ul><h2 id="rate-limits">Rate limits</h2><p>Istio enables users to rate limit traffic to a service.</p><p>Consider <code class="highlighter-rouge">ratings</code> as an external paid service like Rotten Tomatoes® with <code class="highlighter-rouge">1qps</code> free quota. Using Istio we can ensure that <code class="highlighter-rouge">1qps</code> is not breached.</p><ol><li><p>Point your browser at the Bookinfo <code class="highlighter-rouge">productpage</code> (http://$GATEWAY_URL/productpage).</p><p>If you log in as user “jason”, you should see black ratings stars with each review, indicating that the <code class="highlighter-rouge">ratings</code> service is being called by the “v2” version of the <code class="highlighter-rouge">reviews</code> service.</p><p>If you log in as any other user (or logout) you should see red ratings stars with each review, indicating that the <code class="highlighter-rouge">ratings</code> service is being called by the “v3” version of the <code class="highlighter-rouge">reviews</code> service.</p></li><li><p>Configure a <code class="highlighter-rouge">memquota</code> adapter with rate limits.</p><p>Save the following YAML snippet as <code class="highlighter-rouge">ratelimit-handler.yaml</code>.</p><div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="na">apiVersion</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">config.istio.io/v1alpha2</span>
<span class="na">kind</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">memquota</span>
<span class="na">metadata</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">name</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">handler</span>
<span class="na">namespace</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">istio-system</span>
<span class="na">spec</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">quotas</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="pi">-</span> <span class="na">name</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">requestcount.quota.istio-system</span>
<span class="c1"># default rate limit is 5000qps</span>
<span class="na">maxAmount</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">5000</span>
<span class="na">validDuration</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">1s</span>
<span class="c1"># The first matching override is applied.</span>
<span class="c1"># A requestcount instance is checked against override dimensions.</span>
<span class="na">overrides</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="c1"># The following override applies to traffic from 'rewiews' version v2,</span>
<span class="c1"># destined for the ratings service. The destinationVersion dimension is ignored.</span>
<span class="pi">-</span> <span class="na">dimensions</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">destination</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">ratings</span>
<span class="na">source</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">reviews</span>
<span class="na">sourceVersion</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">v2</span>
<span class="na">maxAmount</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">1</span>
<span class="na">validDuration</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">1s</span>
</code></pre></div></div><p>and then run the following command:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>istioctl create <span class="nt">-f</span> ratelimit-handler.yaml
</code></pre></div></div><p>This configuration specifies a default 5000 qps rate limit. Traffic reaching the ratings service via reviews-v2 is subject to a 1qps rate limit. In our example user “jason” is routed via reviews-v2 and is therefore subject to the 1qps rate limit.</p></li><li><p>Configure rate limit instance and rule</p><p>Create a quota instance named <code class="highlighter-rouge">requestcount</code> that maps incoming attributes to quota dimensions, and create a rule that uses it with the memquota handler.</p><div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="na">apiVersion</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">config.istio.io/v1alpha2</span>
<span class="na">kind</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">quota</span>
<span class="na">metadata</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">name</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">requestcount</span>
<span class="na">namespace</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">istio-system</span>
<span class="na">spec</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">dimensions</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">source</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">source.labels["app"] | source.service | "unknown"</span>
<span class="na">sourceVersion</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">source.labels["version"] | "unknown"</span>
<span class="na">destination</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">destination.labels["app"] | destination.service | "unknown"</span>
<span class="na">destinationVersion</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">destination.labels["version"] | "unknown"</span>
<span class="nn">---</span>
<span class="na">apiVersion</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">config.istio.io/v1alpha2</span>
<span class="na">kind</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">rule</span>
<span class="na">metadata</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">name</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">quota</span>
<span class="na">namespace</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">istio-system</span>
<span class="na">spec</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">actions</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="pi">-</span> <span class="na">handler</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">handler.memquota</span>
<span class="na">instances</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="pi">-</span> <span class="s">requestcount.quota</span>
</code></pre></div></div><p>Save the configuration as <code class="highlighter-rouge">ratelimit-rule.yaml</code> and run the following command:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>istioctl create <span class="nt">-f</span> ratelimit-rule.yaml
</code></pre></div></div></li><li><p>Generate load on the <code class="highlighter-rouge">productpage</code> with the following command:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">while </span><span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">do </span>curl <span class="nt">-s</span> <span class="nt">-o</span> /dev/null http://<span class="nv">$GATEWAY_URL</span>/productpage<span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">done</span>
</code></pre></div></div></li><li><p>Refresh the <code class="highlighter-rouge">productpage</code> in your browser.</p><p>If you log in as user “jason” while the load generator is running (i.e., generating more than 1 req/s), the traffic generated by your browser will be rate limited to 1qps. The reviews-v2 service is unable to access the ratings service and you stop seeing stars. For all other users the default 5000qps rate limit will apply and you will continue seeing red stars.</p></li></ol><h2 id="conditional-rate-limits">Conditional rate limits</h2><p>In the previous example we applied a rate limit to the <code class="highlighter-rouge">ratings</code> service without regard to non-dimension attributes. It is possible to conditionally apply rate limits based on arbitrary attributes using a match condition in the quota rule.</p><p>For example, consider the following configuration:</p><div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="na">apiVersion</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">config.istio.io/v1alpha2</span>
<span class="na">kind</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">rule</span>
<span class="na">metadata</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">name</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">quota</span>
<span class="na">namespace</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">istio-system</span>
<span class="na">spec</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="na">match</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">source.namespace != destination.namespace</span>
<span class="na">actions</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="pi">-</span> <span class="na">handler</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">handler.memquota</span>
<span class="na">instances</span><span class="pi">:</span>
<span class="pi">-</span> <span class="s">requestcount.quota</span>
</code></pre></div></div><p>This configuration applies the quota rule to requests whose source and destination namespaces are different.</p><h2 id="understanding-rate-limits">Understanding rate limits</h2><p>In the preceding examples we saw how Mixer applies rate limits to requests that match certain conditions.</p><p>Every named quota instance like <code class="highlighter-rouge">requestcount</code> represents a set of counters. The set is defined by a Cartesian product of all quota dimensions. If the number of requests in the last <code class="highlighter-rouge">expiration</code> duration exceed <code class="highlighter-rouge">maxAmount</code>, Mixer returns a <code class="highlighter-rouge">RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED</code> message to the proxy. The proxy in turn returns status <code class="highlighter-rouge">HTTP 429</code> to the caller.</p><p>The <code class="highlighter-rouge">memquota</code> adapter uses a sliding window of sub second resolution to enforce rate limits.</p><p>The <code class="highlighter-rouge">maxAmount</code> in the adapter configuration sets the default limit for all counters associated with a quota instance. This default limit applies if a quota override does not match the request. Memquota selects the first override that matches a request. An override need not specify all quota dimensions. In the ratelimit-handler.yaml example, the <code class="highlighter-rouge">1qps</code> override is selected by matching only three out of four quota dimensions.</p><p>If you would like the above policies enforced for a given namespace instead of the entire Istio mesh, you can replace all occurrences of istio-system with the given namespace.</p><h2 id="cleanup">Cleanup</h2><ul><li><p>Remove the rate limit configuration:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>istioctl delete <span class="nt">-f</span> ratelimit-handler.yaml
istioctl delete <span class="nt">-f</span> ratelimit-rule.yaml
</code></pre></div></div></li><li><p>Remove the application routing rules:</p><div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>istioctl delete -f samples/bookinfo/kube/route-rule-reviews-test-v2.yaml
istioctl delete -f samples/bookinfo/kube/route-rule-reviews-v3.yaml
</code></pre></div></div></li><li><p>If you are not planning to explore any follow-on tasks, refer to the <a href="/v0.6/docs/guides/bookinfo.html#cleanup">Bookinfo cleanup</a> instructions to shutdown the application.</p></li></ul><h2 id="whats-next">What’s next</h2><ul><li><p>Learn more about <a href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/policy-and-control/mixer.html">Mixer</a> and <a href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/policy-and-control/mixer-config.html">Mixer Config</a>.</p></li><li><p>Discover the full <a href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/attribute-vocabulary.html">Attribute Vocabulary</a>.</p></li><li><p>Read the reference guide to <a href="/v0.6/docs/reference/writing-config.html">Writing Config</a>.</p></li></ul></main></div><div class="col-12 col-md-2 d-none d-lg-block"><nav class="toc"><div class="spacer"></div><div class="directory" role="directory"><ul><li><a href="#before-you-begin">Before you begin</a></li><li><a href="#rate-limits">Rate limits</a></li><li><a href="#conditional-rate-limits">Conditional rate limits</a></li><li><a href="#understanding-rate-limits">Understanding rate limits</a></li><li><a href="#cleanup">Cleanup</a></li><li><a href="#whats-next">What’s next</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div></div><div class="footer"><footer><div class="container-fluid"><div class="row"><div class="col-sm-2"></div><nav class=" col-12 col-sm-3" role="navigation"><ul class="first"><li><a class="header" href="/v0.6/docs/">Docs</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/">Concepts</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/setup/">Setup</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/">Tasks</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/guides/">Guides</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/reference/">Reference</a></li></ul></nav><nav class="col-12 col-sm-3" role="navigation"><ul><li><a class="header" href="/v0.6/help/">Help</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/help/faq/index.html">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/help/glossary.html">Glossary</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/help/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/help/bugs.html">Report Bugs</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/istio.github.io/issues/new?title=Issue with _docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limiting.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Doc Bugs & Gaps</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/istio.github.io/edit/master/_docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limiting.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Edit This Page</a></li></ul></nav><nav class="col-12 col-sm-3" role="navigation"><ul><li><a class="header" href="/v0.6/community.html">Community</a></li><li> <a href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/istio-users" target="_blank" rel="noopener">User</a> | <a href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/istio-dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dev Mailing Lists</a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/IstioMesh" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Twitter</a></li><li><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/istio" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Stack Overflow</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/community/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">GitHub</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/community/blob/master/WORKING-GROUPS.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Working Groups</a></li></ul></nav></div><div class="row"><div class="col-12"><p class="description text-center" role="contentinfo"> Istio Archive 0.6, Copyright &copy; 2018 Istio Authors<br> Archived on 02-Apr-2018</p></div></div></div></footer></div><script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-KJ3o2DKtIkvYIK3UENzmM7KCkRr/rE9/Qpg6aAZGJwFDMVNA/GpGFF93hXpG5KkN" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.12.9/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-ApNbgh9B+Y1QKtv3Rn7W3mgPxhU9K/ScQsAP7hUibX39j7fakFPskvXusvfa0b4Q" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-JZR6Spejh4U02d8jOt6vLEHfe/JQGiRRSQQxSfFWpi1MquVdAyjUar5+76PVCmYl" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/clipboard.js/1.7.1/clipboard.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.google.com/cse/brand?form=searchbox"></script> <script src="/v0.6/js/misc.min.js"></script></body></html>
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