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131 lines
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HTML
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value="utf-8" /> <input type="hidden" name="hl" value="en" /><div class="input-group"> <input name="q" class="form-control search-box" type="text" size="30" /> <button class="btn btn-search input-group-addon my-2 my-sm-0 fa fa-search" type="submit"></button></div></form></div></nav></header><div class="container-fluid"><div class="row row-offcanvas row-offcanvas-left"><div class="col-6 col-md-3 col-xl-2 sidebar-offcanvas"><nav class="sidebar"><div class="spacer"></div><div class="directory" role="tablist"><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header1"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse1" title="Concepts help you learn about the different parts of the Istio system and the abstractions it uses." role="button" aria-controls="collapse1"><div> Concepts</div></a></div><div id="collapse1" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header1"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="A broad overview of the Istio system." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/what-is-istio">What is Istio?</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Provides a conceptual introduction to Istio, including the problems it solves and its high-level architecture." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/overview.html">Overview</a></li><li> <a title="Describes the core principles that Istio's design adheres to." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/goals.html">Design Goals</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes the various Istio features focused on traffic routing and control." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management">Traffic Management</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Provides a conceptual overview of traffic management in Istio and the features it enables." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/overview.html">Overview</a></li><li> <a title="Introduces Pilot, the component responsible for managing a distributed deployment of Envoy proxies in the service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/pilot.html">Pilot</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how requests are routed between services in an Istio service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/request-routing.html">Request Routing</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how traffic is load balanced across instances of a service in the mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/load-balancing.html">Discovery & Load Balancing</a></li><li> <a title="An overview of failure recovery capabilities in Envoy that can be leveraged by unmodified applications to improve robustness and prevent cascading failures." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/handling-failures.html">Handling Failures</a></li><li> <a title="Introduces the idea of systematic fault injection that can be used to uncover conflicting failure recovery policies across services." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/fault-injection.html">Fault Injection</a></li><li> <a title="Provides a high-level overview of the domain-specific language used by Istio to configure traffic management rules in the service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/rules-configuration.html">Rules Configuration</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/security">Security</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Describes Istio's mutual TLS authentication architecture which provides a strong service identity and secure communication channels between services." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/security/mutual-tls.html">Mutual TLS Authentication</a></li><li> <a title="Describes Istio RBAC which provides access control for services in Istio Mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/security/rbac.html">Istio Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Introduces the policy control mechanisms." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/policy-and-control">Policies and Control</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Explains the important notion of attributes, which is a central mechanism for how policies and control are applied to services within the mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/policy-and-control/attributes.html">Attributes</a></li><li> <a title="Architectural deep-dive into the design of Mixer, which provides the policy and control mechanisms within the service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/policy-and-control/mixer.html">Mixer</a></li><li> <a title="An overview of the key concepts used to configure Mixer." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/policy-and-control/mixer-config.html">Mixer Configuration</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header20"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse20" title="Setup contains instructions for installing the Istio control plane in various environments (e.g., Kubernetes, Consul, etc.), as well as instructions for installing the sidecar in the application deployment." role="button" aria-controls="collapse20"><div> Setup</div></a></div><div id="collapse20" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header20"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes and adding VMs into the mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes">Kubernetes</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh in a Kubernetes cluster." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start.html">Quick Start</a></li><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service using Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)" href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start-gke-dm.html">Quick Start with Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for the setup and configuration of Istio using the Helm package manager." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/helm.html">Istio Helm Chart Instructions</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions on using the included Ansible playbook to perform installation." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/ansible-install.html">Installing with Ansible</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/sidecar-injection.html">Installing Istio Sidecar</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for integrating VMs and bare metal hosts into an Istio mesh deployed on Kubernetes." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/mesh-expansion.html">Istio Mesh Expansion</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/consul">Nomad & Consul</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/consul/quick-start.html">Quick Start on Docker</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/consul/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Eureka based environment." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/eureka">Eureka</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/eureka/quick-start.html">Quick Start on Docker</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in an Eureka based environment." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/eureka/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Cloud Foundry." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/cloudfoundry">Cloud Foundry</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Cloud Foundry." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/cloudfoundry/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Apache Mesos." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/mesos">Mesos</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Apache Mesos." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/mesos/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header38"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse38" title="Tasks show you how to do a single specific targeted activity with the Istio system." role="button" aria-controls="collapse38"><div> Tasks</div></a></div><div id="collapse38" class="collapse show" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header38"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-down'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that demonstrate traffic routing features of Istio service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management">Traffic Management</a> </label><ul class="tree"><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing based on weights and HTTP headers." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing.html">Configuring Request Routing</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to inject delays and test the resiliency of your application." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection.html">Fault Injection</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting.html">Traffic Shifting</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts.html">Setting Request Timeouts</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how to configure Istio Ingress on Kubernetes." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress.html">Istio Ingress</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress.html">Control Egress Traffic</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how to configure Istio to route TCP traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress-tcp.html">Control Egress TCP Traffic</a></li><li> <span class="current" title="This task demonstrates the circuit-breaking capability for resilient applications">Circuit Breaking</span></li><li> <a title="Demonstrates Istio's traffic shadowing/mirroring capabilities" href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring.html">Mirroring</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that demonstrate policy enforcement features." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement">Policy Enforcement</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="This task shows you how to use Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limiting.html">Enabling Rate Limits</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that demonstrate how to collect telemetry information from the service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry">Metrics, Logs, and Traces</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="How to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin or Jaeger" href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing.html">Distributed Tracing</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics and logs." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics-logs.html">Collecting Metrics and Logs</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/tcp-metrics.html">Collecting Metrics for TCP services</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/querying-metrics.html">Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/using-istio-dashboard.html">Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to generate a graph of services within an Istio mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/servicegraph.html">Generating a Service Graph</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to log to a Fluentd daemon" href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/fluentd.html">Logging with Fluentd</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that help securing the service mesh traffic." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security">Security</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="This task shows you how to verify and test Istio's automatic mutual TLS authentication." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/mutual-tls.html">Testing Istio mutual TLS authentication</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to control access to a service using the Kubernetes labels." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/basic-access-control.html">Setting up Basic Access Control</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to securely control access to a service using service accounts." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/secure-access-control.html">Setting up Secure Access Control</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to set up role-based access control for services in Istio mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/role-based-access-control.html">Setting up Istio Role-Based Access Control</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to change mutual TLS authentication for a single service." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/per-service-mtls.html">Per-service mutual TLS authentication enablement</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how operators can plug existing certificate and key into Istio CA." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/plugin-ca-cert.html">Plugging in CA certificate and key</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to enable Istio CA health check." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/health-check.html">Enabling Istio CA health check</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header67"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse67" title="Guides include a variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with." role="button" aria-controls="collapse67"><div> Guides</div></a></div><div id="collapse67" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header67"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li> <a title="This guide deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices which will be used to demonstrate various features of the Istio service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/guides/bookinfo.html">Bookinfo</a></li><li> <a title="This guide demonstrates how to use various traffic management capabilities of an Istio service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/guides/intelligent-routing.html">Intelligent Routing</a></li><li> <a title="This sample demonstrates how to obtain uniform metrics, logs, traces across different services using Istio Mixer and Istio sidecar." href="/v0.6/docs/guides/telemetry.html">In-Depth Telemetry</a></li><li> <a title="This sample deploys the Bookinfo services across Kubernetes and a set of virtual machines, and illustrates how to use the Istio service mesh to control this infrastructure as a single mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/guides/integrating-vms.html">Integrating Virtual Machines</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header72"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse72" title="The Reference section contains detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters." role="button" aria-controls="collapse72"><div> Reference</div></a></div><div id="collapse72" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header72"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Detailed information on API parameters." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/api">API</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="API definitions to interact with Mixer" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/api/istio.mixer.v1.html">Mixer</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Detailed information on configuration options." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config">Configuration</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Configuration affecting the service mesh as a whole" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.mesh.v1alpha1.html">Service Mesh</a></li><li> <a title="Configuration state for the Mixer client library" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.mixer.v1.config.client.html">Mixer Client</a></li><li> <a title="Describes the rules used to configure Mixer's policy and telemetry features." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.mixer.v1.config.html">Policy and Telemetry Rules</a></li><li> <a title="Configuration affecting resource-based access control" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.rbac.v1alpha1.html">RBAC</a></li><li> <a title="Configuration affecting traffic routing" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.routing.v1alpha1.html">Route Rules Alpha 1</a></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Detailed information on configuration and API exposed by Mixer." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer">Mixer</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Definitions used when creating Mixer templates" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/istio.mixer.adapter.model.v1beta1.html">Mixer Adapter Model</a></li><li> <a title="Value types used with templates" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/istio.mixer.v1.config.descriptor.html">Value Type</a></li><li> <a title="Definitions used when creating Mixer templates" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/istio.mixer.v1.template.html">Template Metadata</a></li><li> <a title="Describes the base attribute vocabulary used for policy and control." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/attribute-vocabulary.html">Attribute Vocabulary</a></li><li> <a title="Mixer config expression language reference." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/expression-language.html">Expression Language</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Generated documentation for Mixer's adapters." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters">Adapters</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Adapter for circonus.com's monitoring solution." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/circonus.html">Circonus</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a dogstatsd agent for delivery to DataDog" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/datadog.html">Datadog</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that always returns a precondition denial." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/denier.html">Denier</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that delivers logs to a fluentd daemon." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/fluentd.html">Fluentd</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that extracts information from a Kubernetes environment." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/kubernetesenv.html">Kubernetes Env</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that performs whitelist or blacklist checks" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/list.html">List</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter for a simple in-memory quota management system." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/memquota.html">Memory quota</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that implements an Open Policy Agent engine" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/opa.html">OPA</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that exposes Istio metrics for ingestion by a Prometheus harvester." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/prometheus.html">Prometheus</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that exposes Istio's Role-Based Access Control model." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/rbac.html">RBAC</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter for a Redis-based quota management system." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/redisquota.html">Redis Quota</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that delivers logs and metrics to Google Service Control" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/servicecontrol.html">Service Control</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Papertrail and AppOptics backends" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/solarwinds.html">SolarWinds</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Stackdriver" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/stackdriver.html">Stackdriver</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a StatsD backend" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/statsd.html">StatsD</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter for outputting logs and metrics locally." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/stdio.html">Stdio</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Generated documentation for Mixer's Templates." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template">Templates</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="A template that represents a single API key." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/apikey.html">API Key</a></li><li> <a title="A template used to represent an access control query." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/authorization.html">Authorization</a></li><li> <a title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/checknothing.html">Check Nothing</a></li><li> <a title="A template that is used to control the production of Kubernetes-specific attributes." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/kubernetes.html">Kubernetes</a></li><li> <a title="A template designed to let you perform list checking operations." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/listentry.html">List Entry</a></li><li> <a title="A template that represents a single runtime log entry." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/logentry.html">Log Entry</a></li><li> <a title="A template that represents a single runtime metric." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/metric.html">Metric</a></li><li> <a title="A template that represents a quota allocation request" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/quota.html">Quota</a></li><li> <a title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/reportnothing.html">Report Nothing</a></li><li> <a title="A template used by the Google Service Control adapter." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/servicecontrolreport.html">Service Control Report</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes usage and options of the Istio commands and utilities." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands">Commands</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Istio Certificate Authority (CA)" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/istio_ca.html">istio_ca</a></li><li> <a title="Istio control interface" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/istioctl.html">istioctl</a></li><li> <a title="Utility to trigger direct calls to Mixer's API." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/mixc.html">mixc</a></li><li> <a title="Mixer is Istio's abstraction on top of infrastructure backends." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/mixs.html">mixs</a></li><li> <a title="Istio security per-node agent" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/node_agent.html">node_agent</a></li><li> <a title="Istio Pilot agent" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/pilot-agent.html">pilot-agent</a></li><li> <a title="Istio Pilot" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery.html">pilot-discovery</a></li><li> <a title="Kubernetes webhook for automatic Istio sidecar injection" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/sidecar-injector.html">sidecar-injector</a></li></ul></li><li> <a title="How to write Istio config YAML content." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/writing-config.html">Writing Configuration</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></nav></div><div class="col-12 col-md-9 col-lg-7 col-xl-8"><p class="d-md-none"> <label class="sidebar-toggler" data-toggle="offcanvas"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i> </label></p><main role="main"><h1>Circuit Breaking</h1><p>This task demonstrates the circuit-breaking capability for resilient applications. Circuit breaking allows developers to write applications that limit the impact of failures, latency spikes, and other undesirable effects of network peculiarities. This task will show how to configure circuit breaking for connections, requests, and outlier detection.</p><h2 id="before-you-begin">Before you begin</h2><ul><li><p>Setup Istio by following the instructions in the <a href="/v0.6/docs/setup/">Installation guide</a>.</p></li><li><p>Start the <a href="https://github.com/istio/istio/tree/master/samples/httpbin">httpbin</a> sample which will be used as the backend service for our task</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl apply <span class="nt">-f</span> <<span class="o">(</span>istioctl kube-inject <span class="nt">--debug</span> <span class="nt">-f</span> samples/httpbin/httpbin.yaml<span class="o">)</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div></div></li></ul><h2 id="circuit-breaker">Circuit breaker</h2><p>Let’s set up a scenario to demonstrate the circuit-breaking capabilities of Istio. We should have the <code class="highlighter-rouge">httpbin</code> service running from the previous section. We’ll want to make sure we set some route rules to route all traffic to <code class="highlighter-rouge">httpbin</code> with <code class="highlighter-rouge">version=v1</code>. We’ll be setting the circuit-breaking settings by creating an Istio <a href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.routing.v1alpha1.html#CircuitBreaker">destination policy</a> but for destination policies to take effect, there needs to be a route rule for the destination first. Let’s create the route rule:</p><h3 id="creating-circuit-breaking-policies">Creating circuit breaking policies</h3><ol><li><p>Create a default route rule to route all traffic to <code class="highlighter-rouge">v1</code> of our <code class="highlighter-rouge">httpbin</code> service:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>istioctl create <span class="nt">-f</span> samples/httpbin/routerules/httpbin-v1.yaml
|
||
</code></pre></div></div></li><li><p>Create a <a href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.routing.v1alpha1.html#CircuitBreaker">destination policy</a> to specify our circuit breaking settings when calling <code class="highlighter-rouge">httpbin</code> service:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">cat</span> <span class="o"><<</span><span class="no">EOF</span><span class="sh"> | istioctl create -f -
|
||
apiVersion: config.istio.io/v1beta1
|
||
kind: DestinationPolicy
|
||
metadata:
|
||
name: httpbin-circuit-breaker
|
||
spec:
|
||
destination:
|
||
name: httpbin
|
||
labels:
|
||
version: v1
|
||
circuitBreaker:
|
||
simpleCb:
|
||
maxConnections: 1
|
||
httpMaxPendingRequests: 1
|
||
sleepWindow: 3m
|
||
httpDetectionInterval: 1s
|
||
httpMaxEjectionPercent: 100
|
||
httpConsecutiveErrors: 1
|
||
httpMaxRequestsPerConnection: 1
|
||
</span><span class="no">EOF
|
||
</span></code></pre></div></div></li><li><p>Verify our destination policy was created correctly:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>istioctl get destinationpolicy
|
||
</code></pre></div></div><div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>NAME KIND NAMESPACE
|
||
httpbin-circuit-breaker DestinationPolicy.v1alpha2.config.istio.io istio-samples
|
||
</code></pre></div></div></li></ol><h3 id="setting-up-our-client">Setting up our client</h3><p>Now that we’ve set up rules for calling the <code class="highlighter-rouge">httpbin</code> service, let’s create a client we can use to send traffic to our service and see whether we can trip the circuit breaking policies. We’re going to use a simple load-testing client called <a href="https://github.com/istio/fortio">fortio</a>. With this client we can control the number of connections, concurrency, and delays of outgoing HTTP calls. In this step, we’ll set up a client that is injected with the istio sidecar proxy so our network interactions are governed by Istio:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl apply <span class="nt">-f</span> <<span class="o">(</span>istioctl kube-inject <span class="nt">--debug</span> <span class="nt">-f</span> samples/httpbin/sample-client/fortio-deploy.yaml<span class="o">)</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div></div><p>Now we should be able to log into that client pod and use the simple fortio tool to call <code class="highlighter-rouge">httpbin</code>. We’ll pass in <code class="highlighter-rouge">-curl</code> to indicate we just want to make one call:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nv">FORTIO_POD</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">$(</span>kubectl get pod | <span class="nb">grep </span>fortio | awk <span class="s1">'{ print $1 }'</span><span class="k">)</span>
|
||
kubectl <span class="nb">exec</span> <span class="nt">-it</span> <span class="nv">$FORTIO_POD</span> <span class="nt">-c</span> fortio /usr/local/bin/fortio <span class="nt">--</span> load <span class="nt">-curl</span> http://httpbin:8000/get
|
||
</code></pre></div></div><div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>HTTP/1.1 200 OK
|
||
server: envoy
|
||
date: Tue, 16 Jan 2018 23:47:00 GMT
|
||
content-type: application/json
|
||
access-control-allow-origin: *
|
||
access-control-allow-credentials: true
|
||
content-length: 445
|
||
x-envoy-upstream-service-time: 36
|
||
|
||
{
|
||
"args": {},
|
||
"headers": {
|
||
"Content-Length": "0",
|
||
"Host": "httpbin:8000",
|
||
"User-Agent": "istio/fortio-0.6.2",
|
||
"X-B3-Sampled": "1",
|
||
"X-B3-Spanid": "824fbd828d809bf4",
|
||
"X-B3-Traceid": "824fbd828d809bf4",
|
||
"X-Ot-Span-Context": "824fbd828d809bf4;824fbd828d809bf4;0000000000000000",
|
||
"X-Request-Id": "1ad2de20-806e-9622-949a-bd1d9735a3f4"
|
||
},
|
||
"origin": "127.0.0.1",
|
||
"url": "http://httpbin:8000/get"
|
||
}
|
||
</code></pre></div></div><p>You can see the request succeeded! Now, let’s break something.</p><h3 id="tripping-the-circuit-breaker">Tripping the circuit breaker:</h3><p>In the circuit-breaking settings, we specified <code class="highlighter-rouge">maxConnections: 1</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">httpMaxPendingRequests: 1</code>. This should mean that if we exceed more than one connection and request concurrently, we should see the istio-proxy open the circuit for further requests/connections. Let’s try with two concurrent connections (<code class="highlighter-rouge">-c 2</code>) and send 20 requests (<code class="highlighter-rouge">-n 20</code>)</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl <span class="nb">exec</span> <span class="nt">-it</span> <span class="nv">$FORTIO_POD</span> <span class="nt">-c</span> fortio /usr/local/bin/fortio <span class="nt">--</span> load <span class="nt">-c</span> 2 <span class="nt">-qps</span> 0 <span class="nt">-n</span> 20 <span class="nt">-loglevel</span> Warning http://httpbin:8000/get
|
||
</code></pre></div></div><div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>Fortio 0.6.2 running at 0 queries per second, 2->2 procs, for 5s: http://httpbin:8000/get
|
||
Starting at max qps with 2 thread(s) [gomax 2] for exactly 20 calls (10 per thread + 0)
|
||
23:51:10 W http.go:617> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
Ended after 106.474079ms : 20 calls. qps=187.84
|
||
Aggregated Function Time : count 20 avg 0.010215375 +/- 0.003604 min 0.005172024 max 0.019434859 sum 0.204307492
|
||
# range, mid point, percentile, count
|
||
>= 0.00517202 <= 0.006 , 0.00558601 , 5.00, 1
|
||
> 0.006 <= 0.007 , 0.0065 , 20.00, 3
|
||
> 0.007 <= 0.008 , 0.0075 , 30.00, 2
|
||
> 0.008 <= 0.009 , 0.0085 , 40.00, 2
|
||
> 0.009 <= 0.01 , 0.0095 , 60.00, 4
|
||
> 0.01 <= 0.011 , 0.0105 , 70.00, 2
|
||
> 0.011 <= 0.012 , 0.0115 , 75.00, 1
|
||
> 0.012 <= 0.014 , 0.013 , 90.00, 3
|
||
> 0.016 <= 0.018 , 0.017 , 95.00, 1
|
||
> 0.018 <= 0.0194349 , 0.0187174 , 100.00, 1
|
||
# target 50% 0.0095
|
||
# target 75% 0.012
|
||
# target 99% 0.0191479
|
||
# target 99.9% 0.0194062
|
||
Code 200 : 19 (95.0 %)
|
||
Code 503 : 1 (5.0 %)
|
||
Response Header Sizes : count 20 avg 218.85 +/- 50.21 min 0 max 231 sum 4377
|
||
Response Body/Total Sizes : count 20 avg 652.45 +/- 99.9 min 217 max 676 sum 13049
|
||
All done 20 calls (plus 0 warmup) 10.215 ms avg, 187.8 qps
|
||
</code></pre></div></div><p>We see almost all requests made it through!</p><div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>Code 200 : 19 (95.0 %)
|
||
Code 503 : 1 (5.0 %)
|
||
</code></pre></div></div><p>The istio-proxy does allow for some leeway. Let’s bring the number of concurrent connections up to 3:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl <span class="nb">exec</span> <span class="nt">-it</span> <span class="nv">$FORTIO_POD</span> <span class="nt">-c</span> fortio /usr/local/bin/fortio <span class="nt">--</span> load <span class="nt">-c</span> 3 <span class="nt">-qps</span> 0 <span class="nt">-n</span> 20 <span class="nt">-loglevel</span> Warning http://httpbin:8000/get
|
||
</code></pre></div></div><div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>Fortio 0.6.2 running at 0 queries per second, 2->2 procs, for 5s: http://httpbin:8000/get
|
||
Starting at max qps with 3 thread(s) [gomax 2] for exactly 30 calls (10 per thread + 0)
|
||
23:51:51 W http.go:617> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
23:51:51 W http.go:617> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
23:51:51 W http.go:617> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
23:51:51 W http.go:617> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
23:51:51 W http.go:617> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
23:51:51 W http.go:617> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
23:51:51 W http.go:617> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
23:51:51 W http.go:617> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
23:51:51 W http.go:617> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
23:51:51 W http.go:617> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
23:51:51 W http.go:617> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
Ended after 71.05365ms : 30 calls. qps=422.22
|
||
Aggregated Function Time : count 30 avg 0.0053360199 +/- 0.004219 min 0.000487853 max 0.018906468 sum 0.160080597
|
||
# range, mid point, percentile, count
|
||
>= 0.000487853 <= 0.001 , 0.000743926 , 10.00, 3
|
||
> 0.001 <= 0.002 , 0.0015 , 30.00, 6
|
||
> 0.002 <= 0.003 , 0.0025 , 33.33, 1
|
||
> 0.003 <= 0.004 , 0.0035 , 40.00, 2
|
||
> 0.004 <= 0.005 , 0.0045 , 46.67, 2
|
||
> 0.005 <= 0.006 , 0.0055 , 60.00, 4
|
||
> 0.006 <= 0.007 , 0.0065 , 73.33, 4
|
||
> 0.007 <= 0.008 , 0.0075 , 80.00, 2
|
||
> 0.008 <= 0.009 , 0.0085 , 86.67, 2
|
||
> 0.009 <= 0.01 , 0.0095 , 93.33, 2
|
||
> 0.014 <= 0.016 , 0.015 , 96.67, 1
|
||
> 0.018 <= 0.0189065 , 0.0184532 , 100.00, 1
|
||
# target 50% 0.00525
|
||
# target 75% 0.00725
|
||
# target 99% 0.0186345
|
||
# target 99.9% 0.0188793
|
||
Code 200 : 19 (63.3 %)
|
||
Code 503 : 11 (36.7 %)
|
||
Response Header Sizes : count 30 avg 145.73333 +/- 110.9 min 0 max 231 sum 4372
|
||
Response Body/Total Sizes : count 30 avg 507.13333 +/- 220.8 min 217 max 676 sum 15214
|
||
All done 30 calls (plus 0 warmup) 5.336 ms avg, 422.2 qps
|
||
</code></pre></div></div><p>Now we start to see the circuit breaking behavior we expect.</p><div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>Code 200 : 19 (63.3 %)
|
||
Code 503 : 11 (36.7 %)
|
||
</code></pre></div></div><p>Only 63.3% of the requests made it through and the rest were trapped by circuit breaking. We can query the istio-proxy stats to see more:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl <span class="nb">exec</span> <span class="nt">-it</span> <span class="nv">$FORTIO_POD</span> <span class="nt">-c</span> istio-proxy <span class="nt">--</span> sh <span class="nt">-c</span> <span class="s1">'curl localhost:15000/stats'</span> | <span class="nb">grep </span>httpbin | <span class="nb">grep </span>pending
|
||
</code></pre></div></div><div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>cluster.out.httpbin.springistio.svc.cluster.local|http|version=v1.upstream_rq_pending_active: 0
|
||
cluster.out.httpbin.springistio.svc.cluster.local|http|version=v1.upstream_rq_pending_failure_eject: 0
|
||
cluster.out.httpbin.springistio.svc.cluster.local|http|version=v1.upstream_rq_pending_overflow: 12
|
||
cluster.out.httpbin.springistio.svc.cluster.local|http|version=v1.upstream_rq_pending_total: 39
|
||
</code></pre></div></div><p>We see <code class="highlighter-rouge">12</code> for the <code class="highlighter-rouge">upstream_rq_pending_overflow</code> value which means <code class="highlighter-rouge">12</code> calls so far have been flagged for circuit breaking.</p><h2 id="cleaning-up">Cleaning up</h2><ol><li><p>Remove the rules.</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>istioctl delete routerule httpbin-default-v1
|
||
istioctl delete destinationpolicy httpbin-circuit-breaker
|
||
</code></pre></div></div></li><li><p>Shutdown the <a href="https://github.com/istio/istio/tree/master/samples/httpbin">httpbin</a> service and client.</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl delete deploy httpbin fortio-deploy
|
||
kubectl delete svc httpbin
|
||
</code></pre></div></div></li></ol><h2 id="whats-next">What’s next</h2><p>Check out the <a href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.routing.v1alpha1.html#CircuitBreaker">destination policy</a> reference section for more settings for circuit breaker.</p></main></div><div class="col-12 col-md-2 d-none d-lg-block"><nav class="toc"><div class="spacer"></div><div class="directory" role="directory"><ul><li><a href="#before-you-begin">Before you begin</a></li><li><a href="#circuit-breaker">Circuit breaker</a><ul><li><a href="#creating-circuit-breaking-policies">Creating circuit breaking policies</a></li><li><a href="#setting-up-our-client">Setting up our client</a></li><li><a href="#tripping-the-circuit-breaker">Tripping the circuit breaker:</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#cleaning-up">Cleaning up</a></li><li><a href="#whats-next">What’s next</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div></div><div class="footer"><footer><div class="container-fluid"><div class="row"><div class="col-sm-2"></div><nav class=" col-12 col-sm-3" role="navigation"><ul class="first"><li><a class="header" href="/v0.6/docs/">Docs</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/">Concepts</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/setup/">Setup</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/">Tasks</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/guides/">Guides</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/reference/">Reference</a></li></ul></nav><nav class="col-12 col-sm-3" role="navigation"><ul><li><a class="header" href="/v0.6/help/">Help</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/help/faq/index.html">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/help/glossary.html">Glossary</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/help/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/help/bugs.html">Report Bugs</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/istio.github.io/issues/new?title=Issue with _docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Doc Bugs & Gaps</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/istio.github.io/edit/master/_docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Edit This Page</a></li></ul></nav><nav class="col-12 col-sm-3" role="navigation"><ul><li><a class="header" href="/v0.6/community.html">Community</a></li><li> <a href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/istio-users" target="_blank" rel="noopener">User</a> | <a href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/istio-dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dev Mailing Lists</a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/IstioMesh" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Twitter</a></li><li><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/istio" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Stack Overflow</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/community/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">GitHub</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/community/blob/master/WORKING-GROUPS.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Working Groups</a></li></ul></nav></div><div class="row"><div class="col-12"><p class="description text-center" role="contentinfo"> Istio Archive 0.6, Copyright © 2018 Istio Authors<br> Archived on 02-Apr-2018</p></div></div></div></footer></div><script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-KJ3o2DKtIkvYIK3UENzmM7KCkRr/rE9/Qpg6aAZGJwFDMVNA/GpGFF93hXpG5KkN" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.12.9/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-ApNbgh9B+Y1QKtv3Rn7W3mgPxhU9K/ScQsAP7hUibX39j7fakFPskvXusvfa0b4Q" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-JZR6Spejh4U02d8jOt6vLEHfe/JQGiRRSQQxSfFWpi1MquVdAyjUar5+76PVCmYl" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/clipboard.js/1.7.1/clipboard.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.google.com/cse/brand?form=searchbox"></script> <script src="/v0.6/js/misc.min.js"></script></body></html>
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