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<input name="q" class="form-control search-box" type="text" size="30" /> <button class="btn btn-search input-group-addon my-2 my-sm-0 fa fa-search" type="submit"></button></div></form></div></nav></header><div class="container-fluid"><div class="row row-offcanvas row-offcanvas-left"><div class="col-6 col-md-3 col-xl-2 sidebar-offcanvas"><nav class="sidebar"><div class="spacer"></div><div class="directory" role="tablist"><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header1"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse1" title="Concepts help you learn about the different parts of the Istio system and the abstractions it uses." role="button" aria-controls="collapse1"><div> Concepts</div></a></div><div id="collapse1" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header1"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="A broad overview of the Istio system." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/what-is-istio">What is Istio?</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Provides a conceptual introduction to Istio, including the problems it solves and its high-level architecture." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/overview.html">Overview</a></li><li> <a title="Describes the core principles that Istio's design adheres to." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/goals.html">Design Goals</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes the various Istio features focused on traffic routing and control." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management">Traffic Management</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Provides a conceptual overview of traffic management in Istio and the features it enables." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/overview.html">Overview</a></li><li> <a title="Introduces Pilot, the component responsible for managing a distributed deployment of Envoy proxies in the service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/pilot.html">Pilot</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how requests are routed between services in an Istio service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/request-routing.html">Request Routing</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how traffic is load balanced across instances of a service in the mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/load-balancing.html">Discovery & Load Balancing</a></li><li> <a title="An overview of failure recovery capabilities in Envoy that can be leveraged by unmodified applications to improve robustness and prevent cascading failures." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/handling-failures.html">Handling Failures</a></li><li> <a title="Introduces the idea of systematic fault injection that can be used to uncover conflicting failure recovery policies across services." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/fault-injection.html">Fault Injection</a></li><li> <a title="Provides a high-level overview of the domain-specific language used by Istio to configure traffic management rules in the service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/rules-configuration.html">Rules Configuration</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/security">Security</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Describes Istio's mutual TLS authentication architecture which provides a strong service identity and secure communication channels between services." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/security/mutual-tls.html">Mutual TLS Authentication</a></li><li> <a title="Describes Istio RBAC which provides access control for services in Istio Mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/security/rbac.html">Istio Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Introduces the policy control mechanisms." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/policy-and-control">Policies and Control</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Explains the important notion of attributes, which is a central mechanism for how policies and control are applied to services within the mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/policy-and-control/attributes.html">Attributes</a></li><li> <a title="Architectural deep-dive into the design of Mixer, which provides the policy and control mechanisms within the service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/policy-and-control/mixer.html">Mixer</a></li><li> <a title="An overview of the key concepts used to configure Mixer." href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/policy-and-control/mixer-config.html">Mixer Configuration</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header20"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse20" title="Setup contains instructions for installing the Istio control plane in various environments (e.g., Kubernetes, Consul, etc.), as well as instructions for installing the sidecar in the application deployment." role="button" aria-controls="collapse20"><div> Setup</div></a></div><div id="collapse20" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header20"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes and adding VMs into the mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes">Kubernetes</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh in a Kubernetes cluster." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start.html">Quick Start</a></li><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service using Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)" href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start-gke-dm.html">Quick Start with Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for the setup and configuration of Istio using the Helm package manager." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/helm.html">Istio Helm Chart Instructions</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions on using the included Ansible playbook to perform installation." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/ansible-install.html">Installing with Ansible</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/sidecar-injection.html">Installing Istio Sidecar</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for integrating VMs and bare metal hosts into an Istio mesh deployed on Kubernetes." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/mesh-expansion.html">Istio Mesh Expansion</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/consul">Nomad & Consul</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/consul/quick-start.html">Quick Start on Docker</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/consul/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Eureka based environment." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/eureka">Eureka</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/eureka/quick-start.html">Quick Start on Docker</a></li><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in an Eureka based environment." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/eureka/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Cloud Foundry." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/cloudfoundry">Cloud Foundry</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Cloud Foundry." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/cloudfoundry/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Apache Mesos." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/mesos">Mesos</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in Apache Mesos." href="/v0.6/docs/setup/mesos/install.html">Installation</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header38"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse38" title="Tasks show you how to do a single specific targeted activity with the Istio system." role="button" aria-controls="collapse38"><div> Tasks</div></a></div><div id="collapse38" class="collapse show" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header38"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-down'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that demonstrate traffic routing features of Istio service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management">Traffic Management</a> </label><ul class="tree"><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing based on weights and HTTP headers." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing.html">Configuring Request Routing</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to inject delays and test the resiliency of your application." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection.html">Fault Injection</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting.html">Traffic Shifting</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts.html">Setting Request Timeouts</a></li><li> <span class="current" title="Describes how to configure Istio Ingress on Kubernetes.">Istio Ingress</span></li><li> <a title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress.html">Control Egress Traffic</a></li><li> <a title="Describes how to configure Istio to route TCP traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress-tcp.html">Control Egress TCP Traffic</a></li><li> <a title="This task demonstrates the circuit-breaking capability for resilient applications" href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking.html">Circuit Breaking</a></li><li> <a title="Demonstrates Istio's traffic shadowing/mirroring capabilities" href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring.html">Mirroring</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that demonstrate policy enforcement features." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement">Policy Enforcement</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="This task shows you how to use Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limiting.html">Enabling Rate Limits</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that demonstrate how to collect telemetry information from the service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry">Metrics, Logs, and Traces</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="How to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin or Jaeger" href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing.html">Distributed Tracing</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics and logs." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics-logs.html">Collecting Metrics and Logs</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/tcp-metrics.html">Collecting Metrics for TCP services</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/querying-metrics.html">Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/using-istio-dashboard.html">Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to generate a graph of services within an Istio mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/servicegraph.html">Generating a Service Graph</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to log to a Fluentd daemon" href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/telemetry/fluentd.html">Logging with Fluentd</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes tasks that help securing the service mesh traffic." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security">Security</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="This task shows you how to verify and test Istio's automatic mutual TLS authentication." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/mutual-tls.html">Testing Istio mutual TLS authentication</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to control access to a service using the Kubernetes labels." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/basic-access-control.html">Setting up Basic Access Control</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to securely control access to a service using service accounts." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/secure-access-control.html">Setting up Secure Access Control</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to set up role-based access control for services in Istio mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/role-based-access-control.html">Setting up Istio Role-Based Access Control</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to change mutual TLS authentication for a single service." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/per-service-mtls.html">Per-service mutual TLS authentication enablement</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how operators can plug existing certificate and key into Istio CA." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/plugin-ca-cert.html">Plugging in CA certificate and key</a></li><li> <a title="This task shows how to enable Istio CA health check." href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/security/health-check.html">Enabling Istio CA health check</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header67"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse67" title="Guides include a variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with." role="button" aria-controls="collapse67"><div> Guides</div></a></div><div id="collapse67" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header67"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li> <a title="This guide deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices which will be used to demonstrate various features of the Istio service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/guides/bookinfo.html">Bookinfo</a></li><li> <a title="This guide demonstrates how to use various traffic management capabilities of an Istio service mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/guides/intelligent-routing.html">Intelligent Routing</a></li><li> <a title="This sample demonstrates how to obtain uniform metrics, logs, traces across different services using Istio Mixer and Istio sidecar." href="/v0.6/docs/guides/telemetry.html">In-Depth Telemetry</a></li><li> <a title="This sample deploys the Bookinfo services across Kubernetes and a set of virtual machines, and illustrates how to use the Istio service mesh to control this infrastructure as a single mesh." href="/v0.6/docs/guides/integrating-vms.html">Integrating Virtual Machines</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="card"><div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header72"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse72" title="The Reference section contains detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters." role="button" aria-controls="collapse72"><div> Reference</div></a></div><div id="collapse72" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header72"><div class="card-body"><ul class="tree"><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Detailed information on API parameters." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/api">API</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="API definitions to interact with Mixer" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/api/istio.mixer.v1.html">Mixer</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Detailed information on configuration options." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config">Configuration</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Configuration affecting the service mesh as a whole" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.mesh.v1alpha1.html">Service Mesh</a></li><li> <a title="Configuration state for the Mixer client library" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.mixer.v1.config.client.html">Mixer Client</a></li><li> <a title="Describes the rules used to configure Mixer's policy and telemetry features." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.mixer.v1.config.html">Policy and Telemetry Rules</a></li><li> <a title="Configuration affecting resource-based access control" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.rbac.v1alpha1.html">RBAC</a></li><li> <a title="Configuration affecting traffic routing" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.routing.v1alpha1.html">Route Rules Alpha 1</a></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Detailed information on configuration and API exposed by Mixer." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer">Mixer</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Definitions used when creating Mixer templates" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/istio.mixer.adapter.model.v1beta1.html">Mixer Adapter Model</a></li><li> <a title="Value types used with templates" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/istio.mixer.v1.config.descriptor.html">Value Type</a></li><li> <a title="Definitions used when creating Mixer templates" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/istio.mixer.v1.template.html">Template Metadata</a></li><li> <a title="Describes the base attribute vocabulary used for policy and control." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/attribute-vocabulary.html">Attribute Vocabulary</a></li><li> <a title="Mixer config expression language reference." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/mixer/expression-language.html">Expression Language</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Generated documentation for Mixer's adapters." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters">Adapters</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Adapter for circonus.com's monitoring solution." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/circonus.html">Circonus</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a dogstatsd agent for delivery to DataDog" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/datadog.html">Datadog</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that always returns a precondition denial." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/denier.html">Denier</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that delivers logs to a fluentd daemon." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/fluentd.html">Fluentd</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that extracts information from a Kubernetes environment." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/kubernetesenv.html">Kubernetes Env</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that performs whitelist or blacklist checks" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/list.html">List</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter for a simple in-memory quota management system." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/memquota.html">Memory quota</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that implements an Open Policy Agent engine" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/opa.html">OPA</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that exposes Istio metrics for ingestion by a Prometheus harvester." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/prometheus.html">Prometheus</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that exposes Istio's Role-Based Access Control model." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/rbac.html">RBAC</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter for a Redis-based quota management system." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/redisquota.html">Redis Quota</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter that delivers logs and metrics to Google Service Control" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/servicecontrol.html">Service Control</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Papertrail and AppOptics backends" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/solarwinds.html">SolarWinds</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Stackdriver" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/stackdriver.html">Stackdriver</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a StatsD backend" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/statsd.html">StatsD</a></li><li> <a title="Adapter for outputting logs and metrics locally." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/adapters/stdio.html">Stdio</a></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Generated documentation for Mixer's Templates." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template">Templates</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="A template that represents a single API key." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/apikey.html">API Key</a></li><li> <a title="A template used to represent an access control query." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/authorization.html">Authorization</a></li><li> <a title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/checknothing.html">Check Nothing</a></li><li> <a title="A template that is used to control the production of Kubernetes-specific attributes." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/kubernetes.html">Kubernetes</a></li><li> <a title="A template designed to let you perform list checking operations." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/listentry.html">List Entry</a></li><li> <a title="A template that represents a single runtime log entry." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/logentry.html">Log Entry</a></li><li> <a title="A template that represents a single runtime metric." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/metric.html">Metric</a></li><li> <a title="A template that represents a quota allocation request" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/quota.html">Quota</a></li><li> <a title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/reportnothing.html">Report Nothing</a></li><li> <a title="A template used by the Google Service Control adapter." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/template/servicecontrolreport.html">Service Control Report</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="sublist"> <label class='tree-toggle'> <i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i> <a class="" title="Describes usage and options of the Istio commands and utilities." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands">Commands</a> </label><ul class="tree collapse"><li> <a title="Istio Certificate Authority (CA)" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/istio_ca.html">istio_ca</a></li><li> <a title="Istio control interface" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/istioctl.html">istioctl</a></li><li> <a title="Utility to trigger direct calls to Mixer&#39;s API." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/mixc.html">mixc</a></li><li> <a title="Mixer is Istio&#39;s abstraction on top of infrastructure backends." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/mixs.html">mixs</a></li><li> <a title="Istio security per-node agent" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/node_agent.html">node_agent</a></li><li> <a title="Istio Pilot agent" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/pilot-agent.html">pilot-agent</a></li><li> <a title="Istio Pilot" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery.html">pilot-discovery</a></li><li> <a title="Kubernetes webhook for automatic Istio sidecar injection" href="/v0.6/docs/reference/commands/sidecar-injector.html">sidecar-injector</a></li></ul></li><li> <a title="How to write Istio config YAML content." href="/v0.6/docs/reference/writing-config.html">Writing Configuration</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></nav></div><div class="col-12 col-md-9 col-lg-7 col-xl-8"><p class="d-md-none"> <label class="sidebar-toggler" data-toggle="offcanvas"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i> </label></p><main role="main"><h1>Istio Ingress</h1><p>This task describes how to configure Istio to expose a service outside of the service mesh cluster. In a Kubernetes environment, the <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/">Kubernetes Ingress Resource</a> allows users to specify services that should be exposed outside the cluster. It allows one to define a backend service per virtual host and path.</p><p>Once the Istio Ingress specification is defined, traffic entering the cluster is directed through the <code class="highlighter-rouge">istio-ingress</code> service. As a result, Istio features, for example, monitoring and route rules, can be applied to the traffic entering the cluster.</p><p>The Istio Ingress specification is based on the standard <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/">Kubernetes Ingress Resource</a> specification, with the following differences:</p><ol><li><p>Istio Ingress specification contains <code class="highlighter-rouge">kubernetes.io/ingress.class: istio</code> annotation.</p></li><li><p>All other annotations are ignored.</p></li></ol><p>The following are known limitations of Istio Ingress:</p><ol><li>Regular expressions in paths are not supported.</li><li>Fault injection at the Ingress is not supported.</li></ol><h2 id="before-you-begin">Before you begin</h2><ul><li><p>Setup Istio by following the instructions in the <a href="/v0.6/docs/setup/">Installation guide</a>.</p></li><li><p>Make sure your current directory is the <code class="highlighter-rouge">istio</code> directory.</p></li><li><p>Start the <a href="https://github.com/istio/istio/tree/master/samples/httpbin">httpbin</a> sample, which will be used as the destination service to be exposed externally.</p><p>If you installed the <a href="/v0.6/docs/setup/kubernetes/sidecar-injection.html#automatic-sidecar-injection">Istio-Initializer</a>, do</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl apply <span class="nt">-f</span> samples/httpbin/httpbin.yaml
</code></pre></div></div><p>Without the Istio-Initializer:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl apply <span class="nt">-f</span> &lt;<span class="o">(</span>istioctl kube-inject <span class="nt">-f</span> samples/httpbin/httpbin.yaml<span class="o">)</span>
</code></pre></div></div></li></ul><h2 id="configuring-ingress-http">Configuring ingress (HTTP)</h2><ol><li><p>Create a basic Ingress specification for the httpbin service</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">cat</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="no">EOF</span><span class="sh"> | kubectl create -f -
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: simple-ingress
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: istio
spec:
rules:
- http:
paths:
- path: /status/.*
backend:
serviceName: httpbin
servicePort: 8000
- path: /delay/.*
backend:
serviceName: httpbin
servicePort: 8000
</span><span class="no">EOF
</span></code></pre></div></div><p><code class="highlighter-rouge">/.*</code> is a special Istio notation that is used to indicate a prefix match, specifically a <a href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.routing.v1alpha1.html#matchcondition">rule match configuration</a> of the form (<code class="highlighter-rouge">prefix: /</code>).</p></li></ol><h3 id="verifying-ingress">Verifying ingress</h3><ol><li><p>Determine the ingress URL:</p><ul><li><p>If your cluster is running in an environment that supports external load balancers, use the ingress’ external address:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl get ingress simple-ingress <span class="nt">-o</span> wide
</code></pre></div></div><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>NAME HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE
simple-ingress <span class="k">*</span> 130.211.10.121 80 1d
</code></pre></div></div><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">export </span><span class="nv">INGRESS_HOST</span><span class="o">=</span>130.211.10.121
</code></pre></div></div></li><li><p>If load balancers are not supported, use the ingress controller pod’s hostIP:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl <span class="nt">-n</span> istio-system get po <span class="nt">-l</span> <span class="nv">istio</span><span class="o">=</span>ingress <span class="nt">-o</span> <span class="nv">jsonpath</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'{.items[0].status.hostIP}'</span>
</code></pre></div></div><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>169.47.243.100
</code></pre></div></div><p>along with the istio-ingress service’s nodePort for port 80:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl <span class="nt">-n</span> istio-system get svc istio-ingress
</code></pre></div></div><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT<span class="o">(</span>S<span class="o">)</span> AGE
istio-ingress 10.10.10.155 &lt;pending&gt; 80:31486/TCP,443:32254/TCP 32m
</code></pre></div></div><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">export </span><span class="nv">INGRESS_HOST</span><span class="o">=</span>169.47.243.100:31486
</code></pre></div></div></li></ul></li><li><p>Access the httpbin service using <em>curl</em>:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>curl <span class="nt">-I</span> http://<span class="nv">$INGRESS_HOST</span>/status/200
</code></pre></div></div><div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>HTTP/1.1 200 OK
server: envoy
date: Mon, 29 Jan 2018 04:45:49 GMT
content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8
access-control-allow-origin: *
access-control-allow-credentials: true
content-length: 0
x-envoy-upstream-service-time: 48
</code></pre></div></div></li><li><p>Access any other URL that has not been explicitly exposed. You should see a HTTP 404 error</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>curl <span class="nt">-I</span> http://<span class="nv">$INGRESS_HOST</span>/headers
</code></pre></div></div><div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
date: Mon, 29 Jan 2018 04:45:49 GMT
server: envoy
content-length: 0
</code></pre></div></div></li></ol><h2 id="configuring-secure-ingress-https">Configuring secure ingress (HTTPS)</h2><ol><li><p>Generate certificate and key for the ingress</p><p>A private key and certificate can be created for testing using <a href="https://www.openssl.org/">OpenSSL</a>.</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>openssl req <span class="nt">-x509</span> <span class="nt">-nodes</span> <span class="nt">-days</span> 365 <span class="nt">-newkey</span> rsa:2048 <span class="nt">-keyout</span> /tmp/tls.key <span class="nt">-out</span> /tmp/tls.crt <span class="nt">-subj</span> <span class="s2">"/CN=foo.bar.com"</span>
</code></pre></div></div></li><li><p>Create the secret</p><p>Create the secret <code class="highlighter-rouge">istio-ingress-certs</code> in namespace <code class="highlighter-rouge">istio-system</code> using <code class="highlighter-rouge">kubectl</code>. The Istio Ingress will automatically load the secret.</p><blockquote><p>Note: the secret must be called <code class="highlighter-rouge">istio-ingress-certs</code> in <code class="highlighter-rouge">istio-system</code> namespace, for it to be mounted on Istio Ingress.</p></blockquote><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl create <span class="nt">-n</span> istio-system secret tls istio-ingress-certs <span class="nt">--key</span> /tmp/tls.key <span class="nt">--cert</span> /tmp/tls.crt
</code></pre></div></div></li><li><p>Create the Ingress specification for the httpbin service</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">cat</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="no">EOF</span><span class="sh"> | kubectl create -f -
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: secure-ingress
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: istio
spec:
tls:
- secretName: istio-ingress-certs # currently ignored
rules:
- http:
paths:
- path: /status/.*
backend:
serviceName: httpbin
servicePort: 8000
- path: /delay/.*
backend:
serviceName: httpbin
servicePort: 8000
</span><span class="no">EOF
</span></code></pre></div></div><blockquote><p>Note: Because SNI is not yet supported, Envoy currently only allows a single TLS secret in the ingress. That means the secretName field in ingress resource is not used.</p></blockquote></li></ol><h3 id="verifying-ingress-1">Verifying ingress</h3><ol><li><p>Determine the ingress URL:</p><ul><li><p>If your cluster is running in an environment that supports external load balancers, use the ingress’ external address:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl get ingress secure-ingress <span class="nt">-o</span> wide
</code></pre></div></div><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>NAME HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE
secure-ingress <span class="k">*</span> 130.211.10.121 80 1d
</code></pre></div></div><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">export </span><span class="nv">INGRESS_HOST</span><span class="o">=</span>130.211.10.121
</code></pre></div></div></li><li><p>If load balancers are not supported, use the ingress controller pod’s hostIP:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl <span class="nt">-n</span> istio-system get po <span class="nt">-l</span> <span class="nv">istio</span><span class="o">=</span>ingress <span class="nt">-o</span> <span class="nv">jsonpath</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'{.items[0].status.hostIP}'</span>
</code></pre></div></div><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>169.47.243.100
</code></pre></div></div><p>along with the istio-ingress service’s nodePort for port 443:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl <span class="nt">-n</span> istio-system get svc istio-ingress
</code></pre></div></div><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT<span class="o">(</span>S<span class="o">)</span> AGE
istio-ingress 10.10.10.155 &lt;pending&gt; 80:31486/TCP,443:32254/TCP 32m
</code></pre></div></div><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">export </span><span class="nv">INGRESS_HOST</span><span class="o">=</span>169.47.243.100:32254
</code></pre></div></div></li></ul></li><li><p>Access the httpbin service using <em>curl</em>:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>curl <span class="nt">-I</span> <span class="nt">-k</span> https://<span class="nv">$INGRESS_HOST</span>/status/200
</code></pre></div></div><div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>HTTP/1.1 200 OK
server: envoy
date: Mon, 29 Jan 2018 04:45:49 GMT
content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8
access-control-allow-origin: *
access-control-allow-credentials: true
content-length: 0
x-envoy-upstream-service-time: 96
</code></pre></div></div></li><li><p>Access any other URL that has not been explicitly exposed. You should see a HTTP 404 error</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>curl <span class="nt">-I</span> <span class="nt">-k</span> https://<span class="nv">$INGRESS_HOST</span>/headers
</code></pre></div></div><div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
date: Mon, 29 Jan 2018 04:45:49 GMT
server: envoy
content-length: 0
</code></pre></div></div></li><li><p>Configuring RBAC for ingress key/cert</p><p>There are service accounts which can access this ingress key/cert, and this leads to risks of leaking key/cert. We can set up Role-Based Access Control (“RBAC”) to protect it. install/kubernetes/istio.yaml defines ClusterRoles and ClusterRoleBindings which allow service accounts in namespace istio-system to access all secret resources. We need to update or replace these RBAC set up to only allow istio-ingress-service-account to access ingress key/cert.</p><p>We can use kubectl to list all secrets in namespace istio-system that we need to protect using RBAC.</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl get secrets <span class="nt">-n</span> istio-system
</code></pre></div></div><p>This produces the following output:</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>NAME TYPE DATA AGE
istio-ingress-certs kubernetes.io/tls 2 7d
istio.istio-ingress-service-account istio.io/key-and-cert 3 7d
......
</code></pre></div></div></li><li><p>Update RBAC set up for istio-pilot-service-account and istio-mixer-istio-service-account</p><p>Record ClusterRole istio-mixer-istio-system and istio-pilot-istio-system. We will refer to these copies when we redefine them to avoid breaking access permissions to other resources.</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl describe ClusterRole istio-mixer-istio-system
kubectl describe ClusterRole istio-pilot-istio-system
</code></pre></div></div><p>Delete existing ClusterRoleBindings and ClusterRole.</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl delete ClusterRoleBinding istio-pilot-admin-role-binding-istio-system
kubectl delete ClusterRoleBinding istio-mixer-admin-role-binding-istio-system
kubectl delete ClusterRole istio-mixer-istio-system
</code></pre></div></div><p>As istio-pilot-istio-system is also bound to istio-ingress-service-account, we will delete istio-pilot-istio-system in next step.</p><p>Create istio-mixer-istio-system.yaml, which allows istio-mixer-service-account to read istio.io/key-and-cert, and istio.io/ca-root types of secret instances. Refer to the recorded copy of istio-mixer-istio-system and add access permissions to other resources.</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: istio-mixer-istio-system
rules:
- apiGroups: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">""</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="c"># "" indicates the core API group</span>
resources: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"secrets"</span><span class="o">]</span>
resourceNames: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"istio.istio-ca-service-account"</span><span class="o">]</span>
verbs: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"get"</span>, <span class="s2">"list"</span>, <span class="s2">"watch"</span><span class="o">]</span>
- apiGroups: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">""</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="c"># "" indicates the core API group</span>
resources: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"secrets"</span><span class="o">]</span>
resourceNames: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"istio-ca-secret"</span><span class="o">]</span>
verbs: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"get"</span>, <span class="s2">"list"</span>, <span class="s2">"watch"</span><span class="o">]</span>
......
<span class="nt">---</span>
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: istio-mixer-admin-role-binding-istio-system
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: istio-mixer-service-account
namespace: istio-system
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: istio-mixer-istio-system
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
</code></pre></div></div><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl apply <span class="nt">-f</span> istio-mixer-istio-system.yaml
</code></pre></div></div></li><li><p>Update RBAC set up for istio-pilot-service-account and istio-ingress-service-account</p><p>Delete existing ClusterRoleBinding and ClusterRole.</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl delete clusterrolebinding istio-ingress-admin-role-binding-istio-system
kubectl delete ClusterRole istio-pilot-istio-system
</code></pre></div></div><p>Create istio-pilot-istio-system.yaml, which allows istio-pilot-service-account to read istio.io/key-and-cert, and istio.io/ca-root types of secret instances. Refer to the recorded copy of istio-pilot-istio-system and add access permissions to other resources.</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: istio-pilot-istio-system
rules:
- apiGroups: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">""</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="c"># "" indicates the core API group</span>
resources: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"secrets"</span><span class="o">]</span>
resourceNames: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"istio.istio-ca-service-account"</span><span class="o">]</span>
verbs: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"get"</span>, <span class="s2">"list"</span>, <span class="s2">"watch"</span><span class="o">]</span>
- apiGroups: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">""</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="c"># "" indicates the core API group</span>
resources: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"secrets"</span><span class="o">]</span>
resourceNames: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"istio-ca-secret"</span><span class="o">]</span>
verbs: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"get"</span>, <span class="s2">"list"</span>, <span class="s2">"watch"</span><span class="o">]</span>
......
<span class="nt">---</span>
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: istio-pilot-admin-role-binding-istio-system
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: istio-pilot-service-account
namespace: istio-system
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: istio-pilot-istio-system
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
</code></pre></div></div><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl apply <span class="nt">-f</span> istio-pilot-istio-system.yaml
</code></pre></div></div><p>Create istio-ingress-istio-system.yaml which allows istio-ingress-service-account to read istio-ingress-certs as well as other secret instances. Refer to the recorded copy of istio-pilot-istio-system and add access permissions to other resources.</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: istio-ingress-istio-system
rules:
- apiGroups: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">""</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="c"># "" indicates the core API group</span>
resources: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"secrets"</span><span class="o">]</span>
resourceNames: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"istio.istio-ca-service-account"</span><span class="o">]</span>
verbs: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"get"</span>, <span class="s2">"list"</span>, <span class="s2">"watch"</span><span class="o">]</span>
- apiGroups: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">""</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="c"># "" indicates the core API group</span>
resources: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"secrets"</span><span class="o">]</span>
resourceNames: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"istio-ca-secret"</span><span class="o">]</span>
verbs: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"get"</span>, <span class="s2">"list"</span>, <span class="s2">"watch"</span><span class="o">]</span>
......
- apiGroups: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">""</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="c"># "" indicates the core API group</span>
resources: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"secrets"</span><span class="o">]</span>
resourceNames: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"istio-ingress-certs"</span><span class="o">]</span>
verbs: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"get"</span>, <span class="s2">"list"</span>, <span class="s2">"watch"</span><span class="o">]</span>
<span class="nt">---</span>
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: istio-ingress-admin-role-binding-istio-system
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: istio-ingress-service-account
namespace: istio-system
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: istio-ingress-istio-system
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
</code></pre></div></div><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl apply <span class="nt">-f</span> istio-ingress-istio-system.yaml
</code></pre></div></div></li><li><p>Update RBAC set up for istio-ca-service-account</p><p>Record ClusterRole istio-ca-istio-system.</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl describe ClusterRole istio-ca-istio-system
</code></pre></div></div><p>Create istio-ca-istio-system.yaml, which updates existing ClusterRole istio-ca-istio-system that allows istio-ca-service-account to read, create and modify all istio.io/key-and-cert, and istio.io/ca-root types of secrets.</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: istio-ca-istio-system
rules:
- apiGroups: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">""</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="c"># "" indicates the core API group</span>
resources: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"secrets"</span><span class="o">]</span>
resourceNames: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"istio.istio-ca-service-account"</span><span class="o">]</span>
verbs: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"get"</span>, <span class="s2">"list"</span>, <span class="s2">"watch"</span>, <span class="s2">"create"</span>, <span class="s2">"update"</span><span class="o">]</span>
- apiGroups: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">""</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="c"># "" indicates the core API group</span>
resources: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"secrets"</span><span class="o">]</span>
resourceNames: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"istio-ca-secret"</span><span class="o">]</span>
verbs: <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"get"</span>, <span class="s2">"list"</span>, <span class="s2">"watch"</span>, <span class="s2">"create"</span>, <span class="s2">"update"</span><span class="o">]</span>
......
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: istio-ca-role-binding-istio-system
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: istio-ca-service-account
namespace: istio-system
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: istio-ca-istio-system
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
</code></pre></div></div><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl apply <span class="nt">-f</span> istio-ca-istio-system.yaml
</code></pre></div></div></li><li><p>Verify that the new ClusterRoles work as expected</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl auth can-i get secret/istio-ingress-certs <span class="nt">--as</span> system:serviceaccount:istio-system:istio-ingress-service-account <span class="nt">-n</span> istio-system
</code></pre></div></div><p>whose output should be</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>yes
</code></pre></div></div><p>In this command, we can replace verb “get” with “list” or “watch”, and the output should always be “yes”. Now let us test with other service accounts.</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl auth can-i get secret/istio-ingress-certs <span class="nt">--as</span> system:serviceaccount:istio-system:istio-pilot-service-account <span class="nt">-n</span> istio-system
</code></pre></div></div><p>whose output should be</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>no - Unknown user <span class="s2">"system:serviceaccount:istio-system:istio-pilot-service-account"</span>
</code></pre></div></div><p>In this command, we can replace service account with istio-mixer-service-account, or istio-ca-service-account, we can also replace verb “get” with “watch” or “list”, and the output should look similarly.</p><p>Accessibility to secret resources except istio-ingress-certs should remain the same for istio-ca-service-account, istio-ingress-service-account, istio-pilot-service-account and istio-mixer-service-account.</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl auth can-i get secret/istio-ca-service-account-token-r14xm <span class="nt">--as</span> system:serviceaccount:istio-system:istio-ca-service-account <span class="nt">-n</span> istio-system
</code></pre></div></div><p>whose output should be</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>yes
</code></pre></div></div></li><li><p>Cleanup</p><p>We can delete these newly defined ClusterRoles and ClusterRoleBindings, and restore original ClusterRoles and ClusterRoleBindings according to those recorded copies.</p></li></ol><h2 id="using-istio-routing-rules-with-ingress">Using Istio Routing Rules with Ingress</h2><p>Istio’s routing rules can be used to achieve a greater degree of control when routing requests to backend services. For example, the following route rule sets a 4s timeout for all calls to the httpbin service on the /delay URL.</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">cat</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="no">EOF</span><span class="sh"> | istioctl create -f -
apiVersion: config.istio.io/v1alpha2
kind: RouteRule
metadata:
name: status-route
spec:
destination:
name: httpbin
match:
# Optionally limit this rule to istio ingress pods only
source:
name: istio-ingress
labels:
istio: ingress
request:
headers:
uri:
prefix: /delay/ #must match the path specified in ingress spec
# if using prefix paths (/delay/.*), omit the .*.
# if using exact match, use exact: /status
route:
- weight: 100
httpReqTimeout:
simpleTimeout:
timeout: 4s
</span><span class="no">EOF
</span></code></pre></div></div><p>If you were to make a call to the ingress with the URL <code class="highlighter-rouge">http://$INGRESS_HOST/delay/10</code>, you will find that the call returns in 4s instead of the expected 10s delay.</p><p>You can use other features of the route rules such as redirects, rewrites, routing to multiple versions, regular expression based match in HTTP headers, websocket upgrades, timeouts, retries, etc. Please refer to the <a href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.routing.v1alpha1.html">routing rules</a> for more details.</p><blockquote><p>Note 1: Fault injection does not work at the Ingress</p></blockquote><blockquote><p>Note 2: When matching requests in the routing rule, use the same exact path or prefix as the one used in the Ingress specification.</p></blockquote><h2 id="understanding-ingresses">Understanding ingresses</h2><p>Ingresses provide gateways for external traffic to enter the Istio service mesh and make the traffic management and policy features of Istio available for edge services.</p><p>The servicePort field in the Ingress specification can take a port number (integer) or a name. The port name must follow the Istio port naming conventions (e.g., <code class="highlighter-rouge">grpc-*</code>, <code class="highlighter-rouge">http2-*</code>, <code class="highlighter-rouge">http-*</code>, etc.) in order to function properly. The name used must match the port name in the backend service declaration.</p><p>In the preceding steps we created a service inside the Istio service mesh and showed how to expose both HTTP and HTTPS endpoints of the service to external traffic. We also showed how to control the ingress traffic using an Istio route rule.</p><h2 id="cleanup">Cleanup</h2><ol><li><p>Remove the secret and Ingress Resource definitions.</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl delete ingress simple-ingress secure-ingress
kubectl delete <span class="nt">-n</span> istio-system secret istio-ingress-certs
</code></pre></div></div></li><li><p>Shutdown the <a href="https://github.com/istio/istio/tree/master/samples/httpbin">httpbin</a> service.</p><div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>kubectl delete <span class="nt">-f</span> samples/httpbin/httpbin.yaml
</code></pre></div></div></li></ol><h2 id="whats-next">What’s next</h2><ul><li><p>Learn more about <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/">Ingress Resources</a>.</p></li><li><p>Learn more about <a href="/v0.6/docs/reference/config/istio.routing.v1alpha1.html">Routing Rules</a>.</p></li></ul></main></div><div class="col-12 col-md-2 d-none d-lg-block"><nav class="toc"><div class="spacer"></div><div class="directory" role="directory"><ul><li><a href="#before-you-begin">Before you begin</a></li><li><a href="#configuring-ingress-http">Configuring ingress (HTTP)</a><ul><li><a href="#verifying-ingress">Verifying ingress</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#configuring-secure-ingress-https">Configuring secure ingress (HTTPS)</a><ul><li><a href="#verifying-ingress-1">Verifying ingress</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#using-istio-routing-rules-with-ingress">Using Istio Routing Rules with Ingress</a></li><li><a href="#understanding-ingresses">Understanding ingresses</a></li><li><a href="#cleanup">Cleanup</a></li><li><a href="#whats-next">What’s next</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div></div><div class="footer"><footer><div class="container-fluid"><div class="row"><div class="col-sm-2"></div><nav class=" col-12 col-sm-3" role="navigation"><ul class="first"><li><a class="header" href="/v0.6/docs/">Docs</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/concepts/">Concepts</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/setup/">Setup</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/tasks/">Tasks</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/guides/">Guides</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/docs/reference/">Reference</a></li></ul></nav><nav class="col-12 col-sm-3" role="navigation"><ul><li><a class="header" href="/v0.6/help/">Help</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/help/faq/index.html">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/help/glossary.html">Glossary</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/help/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li><li><a href="/v0.6/help/bugs.html">Report Bugs</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/istio.github.io/issues/new?title=Issue with _docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Doc Bugs & Gaps</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/istio.github.io/edit/master/_docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Edit This Page</a></li></ul></nav><nav class="col-12 col-sm-3" role="navigation"><ul><li><a class="header" href="/v0.6/community.html">Community</a></li><li> <a href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/istio-users" target="_blank" rel="noopener">User</a> | <a href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/istio-dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dev Mailing Lists</a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/IstioMesh" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Twitter</a></li><li><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/istio" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Stack Overflow</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/community/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">GitHub</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/community/blob/master/WORKING-GROUPS.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Working Groups</a></li></ul></nav></div><div class="row"><div class="col-12"><p class="description text-center" role="contentinfo"> Istio Archive 0.6, Copyright &copy; 2018 Istio Authors<br> Archived on 02-Apr-2018</p></div></div></div></footer></div><script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-KJ3o2DKtIkvYIK3UENzmM7KCkRr/rE9/Qpg6aAZGJwFDMVNA/GpGFF93hXpG5KkN" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.12.9/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-ApNbgh9B+Y1QKtv3Rn7W3mgPxhU9K/ScQsAP7hUibX39j7fakFPskvXusvfa0b4Q" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-JZR6Spejh4U02d8jOt6vLEHfe/JQGiRRSQQxSfFWpi1MquVdAyjUar5+76PVCmYl" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/clipboard.js/1.7.1/clipboard.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.google.com/cse/brand?form=searchbox"></script> <script src="/v0.6/js/misc.min.js"></script></body></html>
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