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<h4 id="enabling-disabling-mtls">Q: How can I enable/disable mTLS encryption after I installed Istio?</h4>
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<p>Starting with Istio 0.8, <a href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/security/authn-policy/">authentication policy</a> can be used to change mutual TLS setting at run time, without needing to reinstall Istio.</p>
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<p>Before 0.8, the most straightforward way to enable/disable mutual TLS is by entirely
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uninstalling and re-installing Istio.</p>
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<p>If you are an advanced user and understand the risks you can also do the following:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ kubectl edit configmap -n istio-system istio
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</code></pre><p>comment out or uncomment <code>authPolicy: MUTUAL_TLS</code> to toggle mutual TLS and then</p>
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<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ kubectl delete pods -n istio-system -l istio=pilot
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</code></pre><p>to restart Pilot, after a few seconds (depending on your <code>*RefreshDelay</code>) your
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Envoy proxies will have picked up the change from Pilot. During that time your
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services may be unavailable.</p>
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<h4 id="istio-to-not-istio">Q: Can Istio mutual TLS enabled services communicate with services without Istio?</h4>
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<p>Starting with Istio 0.8, a service with Istio mutual TLS enabled can talk to a service without Istio. Mutual TLS is enabled via <a href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/security/authn-policy/">authentication policy</a> and this only specifies the service behavior as a server, not client, which means a mutual TLS enabled service will still send http traffic (not mutual TLS) to others unless you explicitly specify it with <a href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/istio.networking.v1alpha3/#DestinationRule">destination rule</a>.</p>
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<p>However, unless a service without Istio can present a valid certificate, which is less likely to happen, a service without Istio cannot talk to a service with Istio mutual TLS enabled and this is the expected behavior of ‘mutual TLS’.</p>
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<h4 id="auth-mix-and-match">Q: Can I enable Istio Auth with some services while disable others in the same cluster?</h4>
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<p>Starting with Istio 0.8, you can use <a href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/security/authn-policy/">authentication policy</a> to enable (or disable) mutual TLS per service. For example, the policy below will disable mutual TLS on port 9080 for service <code>details</code></p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">cat <span style="color:#e6db74"><<EOF | istioctl create -f -
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</span><span style="color:#e6db74">apiVersion: "authentication.istio.io/v1alpha1"
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</span><span style="color:#e6db74">kind: "Policy"
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</span><span style="color:#e6db74">metadata:
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</span><span style="color:#e6db74"> name: "example"
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</span><span style="color:#e6db74">spec:
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</span><span style="color:#e6db74"> targets:
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</span><span style="color:#e6db74"> - name: details
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</span><span style="color:#e6db74"> ports:
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</span><span style="color:#e6db74"> - number: 9080
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</span><span style="color:#e6db74"> peers:
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</span><span style="color:#e6db74">EOF</span>
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</code></pre></div><p>For older versions of Istio (but newer than 0.3), you can use service-level annotations to disable (or enable) Istio Auth for a particular service and port pair.
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The annotation key should be <code>auth.istio.io/{port_number}</code>, and the value should be <code>NONE</code> (to disable), or <code>MUTUAL_TLS</code> (to enable).</p>
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<p>Example: disable Istio Auth on port 9080 for service <code>details</code>.</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">kind: Service
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metadata:
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name: details
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labels:
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app: details
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annotations:
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auth.istio.io/<span style="color:#ae81ff">9080</span>: NONE
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</code></pre></div>
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<h4 id="k8s-health-checks">Q: How can I use Kubernetes liveness and readiness for service health check with Istio Auth enabled?</h4>
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<p>If Istio Auth is enabled, http and tcp health check from kubelet will not
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work since they do not have Istio Auth issued certs. A workaround is to
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use a <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-liveness-readiness-probes/#define-a-liveness-command">liveness command</a>
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for health check, e.g., one can install curl in the service pod and curl itself
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within the pod. The Istio team is actively working on a solution.</p>
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<p>An example of readinessProbe:</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml">livenessProbe:
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exec:
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command:
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- curl
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- -f
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- http://localhost:<span style="color:#ae81ff">8080</span>/healthz <span style="color:#75715e"># Replace port and URI by your actual health check</span>
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initialDelaySeconds: <span style="color:#ae81ff">10</span>
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periodSeconds: <span style="color:#ae81ff">5</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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<h4 id="k8s-api-server">Q: Can I access the Kubernetes API Server with Auth enabled?</h4>
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<p>The Kubernetes API server does not support mutual TLS authentication, so
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strictly speaking: no. However, if you use version 0.3 or later, see next
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question to learn how to disable mTLS in upstream config on clients side so
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they can access API server.</p>
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<h4 id="accessing-control-services">Q: How to disable mutual TLS on clients to access the Kubernetes API Server (or any control services that don't have Istio sidecar)?</h4>
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<blockquote>
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<p>This issue occurs when Istio is installed with global mutual TLS enabled. Using authentication policy, mutual TLS can be enabled selectively per service, hence can avoid this problem. Discussion below are for releases before 0.8.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>Starting with release 0.3, edit the <code>mtlsExcludedServices</code> list in Istio config
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map to contain the fully-qualified name of the API server (and any other
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control services for that matter). The default value of <code>mtlsExcludedServices</code>
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already contains <code>kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local</code>, which is the default
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service name of the Kubernetes API server.</p>
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<p>For a quick reference, here are commands to edit Istio configmap and to restart pilot.</p>
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<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ kubectl edit configmap -n istio-system istio
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$ kubectl delete pods -n istio-system -l istio=pilot
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</code></pre><blockquote>
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<p>Do not use this approach to disable mutual TLS for services that are managed
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by Istio (i.e. using Istio sidecar). Instead, use service-level annotations
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to overwrite the authentication policy (see above).</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4 id="cert-lifetime-config">Q: How to configure the lifetime for Istio certificates?</h4>
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<p>For the workloads running in Kubernetes, the lifetime of their Istio certificates is controlled by the
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<code>workload-cert-ttl</code> flag on Citadel. The default value is 19 hours. This value should be no greater than
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<code>max-workload-cert-ttl</code> of Citadel.</p>
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<p>Citadel uses a flag <code>max-workload-cert-ttl</code> to control the maximum lifetime for Istio certificates issued to
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workloads. The default value is 7 days. If <code>workload-cert-ttl</code> on Citadel or node agent is greater than
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<code>max-workload-cert-ttl</code>, Citadel will fail issuing the certificate.</p>
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<p>Modify the <code>istio-auth.yaml</code> file to customize the Citadel configuration.
|
|
The following modification specifies that the Istio certificates for workloads running in Kubernetes
|
|
has 1 hours lifetime. Besides that, the maximum allowed Istio certificate lifetime is 48 hours.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-plain" data-lang="plain">...
|
|
kind: Deployment
|
|
...
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: istio-citadel
|
|
namespace: istio-system
|
|
spec:
|
|
...
|
|
template:
|
|
...
|
|
spec:
|
|
...
|
|
containers:
|
|
- name: citadel
|
|
...
|
|
args:
|
|
- --workload-cert-ttl=1h # Lifetime of certificates issued to workloads in Kubernetes.
|
|
- --max-workload-cert-ttl=48h # Maximum lifetime of certificates issued to workloads by Citadel.
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>For the workloads running on VMs and bare metal hosts, the lifetime of their Istio certificates is specified by the
|
|
<code>workload-cert-ttl</code> flag on each node agent. The default value is also 19 hours. This value should be no greater than
|
|
<code>max-workload-cert-ttl</code> of Citadel.</p>
|
|
<p>To customize this configuration, the argument for the node agent service should be modified.
|
|
After <a href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/mesh-expansion/#setting-up-the-machines">setting up the machines</a> for Istio
|
|
mesh expansion, modify the file <code>/lib/systemd/system/istio-auth-node-agent.service</code> on the VMs or bare metal hosts:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-plain" data-lang="plain">...
|
|
[Service]
|
|
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/node_agent --workload-cert-ttl=24h # Specify certificate lifetime for workloads on this machine.
|
|
Restart=always
|
|
StartLimitInterval=0
|
|
RestartSec=10
|
|
...
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>The above configuration specifies that the Istio certificates for workloads running on this VM or bare metal host
|
|
will have 24 hours lifetime.</p>
|
|
<p>After configuring the service, restart the node agent by running <code>systemctl daemon-reload</code>.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 id="does-istio-support-authorization">Q: Does Istio Auth support authorization?</h4>
|
|
<p>Yes. Starting from Istio 0.5 release, we provide Role Based Access Control for services in Istio mesh. <a href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/security/rbac/">Learn more</a>.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 id="use-k8s-secrets">Q: Does Istio Auth use Kubernetes secrets?</h4>
|
|
<p>Yes. The key and certificate distribution in Istio Auth is based on <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/secret/">Kubernetes secrets</a>.</p>
|
|
<p>Secrets have known <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/secret/#risks">security risks</a>. The Kubernetes team is working on
|
|
<a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1T2y-9geg9EfHHtCDYTXptCa-F4kQ0RyiH-c_M1SyD0s">several features</a> to improve
|
|
Kubernetes secret security, from secret encryption to node-level access control. And as of version 1.6, Kubernetes introduces
|
|
<a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/authorization/rbac/">RBAC authorization</a>, which can provide fine-grained secrets management.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 id="secret-encryption">Q: Is the secret encrypted for workload key and cert?</h4>
|
|
<p>By default, they are base64 encoded but not encrypted. However, the <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/encrypt-data/">secret encryption feature</a> is supported in Kubernetes and you can do it by following the instruction.</p>
|
|
<p>Notice that this feature is not enabled yet in Google Container Engine (GKE). While the data may not be encrypted inside the etcd running on the master node, the contents of the master node itself are encrypted, see <a href="https://cloud.google.com/security/encryption-at-rest/default-encryption/#encryption_of_data_at_rest">here</a> for more info.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 id="secure-ingress">Q: How to configure Istio Ingress to only accept TLS traffic?</h4>
|
|
<p>By following the instructions in the
|
|
<a href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/secure-ingress">Secure Ingress Traffic</a> task,
|
|
Istio Ingress can be secured to only accept TLS traffic.</p>
|
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|
|
|
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<h4 id="https-overlay">Q: Can I install Istio sidecar for HTTPS services?</h4>
|
|
<p>Yes, you can. It works both with mutual TLS enabled and disabled. Refer to
|
|
<a href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/https-overlay/">how Istio mTLS works with HTTPS services</a> for more information.</p>
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0.8<br>© 2018 Istio Authors, <a href="https://policies.google.com/privacy">Privacy Policy</a><br>
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Archived on July 31, 2018
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M163.434,176.443l-117.332,0.024l21.53-37.065l64.606,0.008l0.067,0.119l52.865-0.085L163.434,176.443z M140.932,124.411
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L90.157,35.767l-2.966-5.178l40.751,0.121l57.003,93.706L140.932,124.411z"/>
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</svg>
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</a>
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</div>
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<div class="icon">
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<span>working groups</span>
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<a title="If you'd like to contribute to the Istio project, consider participating in our working groups"
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href="https://github.com/istio/community/blob/master/WORKING-GROUPS.md" aria-label="working groups">
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<svg viewBox="0 -45 439.833 439.833">
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<polygon points="246.048,195.833 299.966,235.085 319.497,227.296 276.278,195.833"/>
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<polygon points="193.786,195.833 163.556,195.833 120.33,227.3 139.862,235.089"/>
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<path d="M219.927,11.558c-23.854,0-37.057,12.362-36.814,36.182c0.348,32.623,14.211,52.414,36.814,52.068
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c0,0,36.802,1.492,36.802-52.068C256.729,23.918,244.294,11.558,219.927,11.558z"/>
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<path d="M285.017,124.567l-36.77-14.659l-8.608-7.256c-2.274-1.922-5.636-1.78-7.741,0.317l-11.973,11.904l-12.008-11.907
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c-2.109-2.094-5.465-2.229-7.736-0.313l-8.611,7.256l-36.77,14.661c-11.842,4.715-11.83,46.647-12.848,50.497h155.93
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C296.866,171.228,296.862,129.28,285.017,124.567z"/>
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<path d="M77.976,228.568c0,0,36.801,1.492,36.801-52.068c0-23.82-12.434-36.182-36.801-36.182
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c-23.854,0-37.057,12.362-36.814,36.182C41.509,209.124,55.372,228.915,77.976,228.568z"/>
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<path d="M143.065,253.329l-36.77-14.658l-8.609-7.256c-2.275-1.923-5.635-1.781-7.742,0.315l-11.971,11.904l-12.008-11.908
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c-2.109-2.094-5.465-2.229-7.736-0.312l-8.611,7.256l-36.77,14.66C1.006,258.045,1.018,299.977,0,303.827h155.93
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C154.915,299.988,154.911,258.042,143.065,253.329z"/>
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<path d="M361.878,228.568c0,0,36.801,1.492,36.801-52.068c0-23.82-12.434-36.182-36.801-36.182
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c-23.854,0-37.057,12.362-36.812,36.182C325.411,209.124,339.274,228.915,361.878,228.568z"/>
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<path d="M426.968,253.329l-36.77-14.658l-8.609-7.256c-2.273-1.923-5.635-1.781-7.742,0.315l-11.971,11.904l-12.008-11.908
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c-2.109-2.094-5.465-2.229-7.736-0.312l-8.61,7.256l-36.771,14.66c-11.842,4.715-11.83,46.646-12.848,50.497h155.93
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C438.817,299.988,438.812,258.042,426.968,253.329z"/>
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</svg>
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</a>
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</div>
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<div class="icon">
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<span>slack</span>
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<a title="Interactively discuss development issues with the Istio community on Slack (invitation-only)"
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href="https://istio.slack.com" aria-label="slack">
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c1.388-0.622,2.01-2.25,1.389-3.637c-0.62-1.389-2.248-2.012-3.637-1.39l-1.324,0.593l-0.593-1.326
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c-0.621-1.388-2.249-2.009-3.637-1.388c-1.388,0.62-2.009,2.247-1.389,3.637l0.593,1.325L7.98,8.598L7.388,7.273
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c-0.621-1.39-2.249-2.009-3.637-1.39C2.363,6.504,1.742,8.132,2.362,9.52l0.592,1.324L1.63,11.438
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c-1.388,0.621-2.01,2.247-1.389,3.636c0.62,1.388,2.249,2.01,3.637,1.39l1.325-0.594l3.394,7.592l-1.325,0.592
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c-1.388,0.621-2.009,2.25-1.389,3.637c0.621,1.389,2.249,2.011,3.637,1.391l1.324-0.593l0.593,1.325
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c0.621,1.389,2.249,2.01,3.637,1.389c1.387-0.62,2.009-2.248,1.388-3.636l-0.591-1.326l7.591-3.394l0.592,1.321
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c0.621,1.391,2.248,2.013,3.637,1.392c1.388-0.619,2.01-2.248,1.389-3.637l-0.592-1.324l1.323-0.594
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C31.201,19.384,31.823,17.757,31.202,16.369z M13.623,21.215l-3.395-7.593l7.591-3.394l3.395,7.591L13.623,21.215z"/>
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