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<!doctype html><html lang=en itemscope itemtype=https://schema.org/WebPage><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=x-ua-compatible content="IE=edge"><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,shrink-to-fit=no"><meta name=theme-color content=#466BB0><meta name=title content="Policies and Telemetry"><meta name=description content="Describes the policy enforcement and telemetry mechanisms."><meta name=keywords content=microservices,services,mesh,policies,telemetry,control,config><meta property=og:title content="Policies and Telemetry"><meta property=og:type content=website><meta property=og:description content="Describes the policy enforcement and telemetry mechanisms."><meta property=og:url content=/v1.1/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/><meta property=og:image content=/v1.1/img/istio-whitelogo-bluebackground-framed.svg><meta property=og:image:alt content="Istio Logo"><meta property=og:image:width content=112><meta property=og:image:height content=150><meta property=og:site_name content=Istio><meta name=twitter:card content=summary><meta name=twitter:site content=@IstioMesh><title>Istioldie 1.1 / Policies and Telemetry</title><script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-98480406-2"></script><script>window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
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<a tabindex=-1 role=menuitem href=https://archive.istio.io>Older Releases</a></div></div><button id=search-show title="Search this site" aria-label=Search><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#magnifier"/></svg></button></div><form id=search-form name=cse role=search><input type=hidden name=cx value=013699703217164175118:iwwf17ikgf4>
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<button id=search-close title="Cancel search" type=reset aria-label="Cancel search"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#cancel-x"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><main class=primary><div id=sidebar-container class="sidebar-container sidebar-offcanvas"><nav id=sidebar aria-label="Section Navigation"><div class=directory><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card19 title="Learn about the different parts of the Istio system and the abstractions it uses." aria-controls=card19-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#concepts"/></svg>Concepts</button><div class="body default" aria-labelledby=card19 role=region id=card19-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card19><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduces Istio, the problems it solves, its high-level architecture and design goals." href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/>What is Istio?</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the various Istio features focused on traffic routing and control." href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality." href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/security/>Security</a></li><li role=none><span role=treeitem class=current title="Describes the policy enforcement and telemetry mechanisms.">Policies and Telemetry</span></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduces performance and scalability for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/performance-and-scalability/>Performance and Scalability</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how a service mesh can be configured to include services from more than one cluster." href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/multicluster-deployments/>Multicluster Deployments</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card39 title="How to deploy and upgrade Istio in various environments such as Kubernetes and Consul." aria-controls=card39-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#setup"/></svg>Setup</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card39 role=region id=card39-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card39><li role=treeitem aria-label=Kubernetes><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes and adding virtual machines into the mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/>Kubernetes</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label=Prepare><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Getting ready for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/>Prepare</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Prepare your Kubernetes pods and services to run in an Istio-enabled cluster." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/requirements/>Pods and Services</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Platform Setup"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="How to prepare various Kubernetes platforms before installing Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/>Platform Setup</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Alibaba Cloud Kubernetes cluster for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/alicloud/>Alibaba Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Azure cluster for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/azure/>Azure</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup Docker For Desktop for use with Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/docker/>Docker For Desktop</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a Google Kubernetes Engine cluster for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an IBM Cloud cluster for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/ibm/>IBM Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup Minikube for use with Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/minikube/>Minikube</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OpenShift cluster for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/openshift/>OpenShift</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OKE cluster for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/oci/>Oracle Cloud Infrastructure</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Download the Istio release and prepare for installation." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/download/>Download</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Install><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Choose the flows that best suit your needs and platform." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/>Install</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install and configure an Istio mesh in a Kubernetes cluster for evaluation." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/kubernetes/>Quick Start Evaluation Install</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio using a Helm chart." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/helm/>Customizable Install with Helm</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Multicluster Installation"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Configure an Istio mesh spanning multiple Kubernetes clusters." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/multicluster/>Multicluster Installation</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters using Istio Gateway to reach remote pods." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/multicluster/gateways/>Gateway Connectivity</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters with direct network access to remote pods." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/multicluster/vpn/>VPN Connectivity</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Platform-specific Instructions"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Additional installation flows for the supported Kubernetes platforms." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/>Platform-specific Instructions</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio using the Alibaba Cloud Kubernetes Container Service." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/alicloud/>Alibaba Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio using the Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio using IBM Cloud Public or IBM Cloud Private." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/ibm/>IBM Cloud</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Upgrade><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Information on upgrading Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/upgrade/>Upgrade</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Important changes operators must understand before upgrading to Istio 1.1." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/upgrade/notice/>1.1 Upgrade Notice</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Upgrade the Istio control plane and data plane independently." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/upgrade/steps/>Upgrade Steps</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="More Guides"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="More information on additional setup tasks." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/>More Guides</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the built-in Istio installation configuration profiles." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/config-profiles/>Installation Configuration Profiles</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/>Installing the Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and use Istio with the Istio CNI plugin, allowing operators to deploy services with lower privilege." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/cni/>Install Istio with the Istio CNI plugin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Integrate VMs and bare metal hosts into an Istio mesh deployed on Kubernetes." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/mesh-expansion/>Mesh Expansion</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Nomad &amp; Consul"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/consul/>Nomad &amp; Consul</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/consul/quick-start/>Quick Start on Docker</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul-based environment, with or without Nomad." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/consul/install/>Installation</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card57 title="How to do single specific targeted activities with the Istio system." aria-controls=card57-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#tasks"/></svg>Tasks</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card57 role=region id=card57-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card57><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Tasks that demonstrate Istio's traffic routing features." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing to multiple versions of a microservice." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing/>Configuring Request Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to inject faults to test the resiliency of your application." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection/>Fault Injection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting/>Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate TCP traffic from an old to new version of a TCP service." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/tcp-traffic-shifting/>TCP Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts/>Setting Request Timeouts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/>Control Ingress Traffic</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Securing Ingress Gateway"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Secure ingress gateway controllers using various approaches." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/secure-ingress/>Securing Ingress Gateway</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Expose a service outside of the service mesh over TLS or mTLS." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/secure-ingress/mount/>Securing Gateways with HTTPS With a File Mount-Based Approach</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to expose a service outside of the service mesh, over TLS or Mutual TLS, using secret discovery service." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/secure-ingress/sds/>Securing Gateways with HTTPS Using Secret Discovery Service</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/>Control Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure circuit breaking for connections, requests, and outlier detection." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking/>Circuit Breaking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task demonstrates the traffic mirroring/shadowing capabilities of Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring/>Mirroring</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to secure the mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use Istio authentication policy to setup mutual TLS and basic end-user authentication." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/authn-policy/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up role-based access control for HTTP services." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/authz-http/>Authorization for HTTP Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up role-based access control for TCP services." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/authz-tcp/>Authorization for TCP Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Tutorial on how to configure the groups-base authorization and configure the authorization of list-typed claims in Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/rbac-groups/>Authorization for groups and list claims</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to use Authorization permissive mode." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/authz-permissive/>Authorization permissive mode</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to integrate a Vault Certificate Authority with Istio for mutual TLS." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/vault-ca/>Istio Vault CA Integration</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to verify and test Istio's automatic mutual TLS authentication." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/mutual-tls/>Mutual TLS Deep-Dive</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how operators can configure Citadel with existing root certificate, signing certificate and key." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/plugin-ca-cert/>Plugging in External CA Key and Certificate</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to enable Citadel health checking with Kubernetes." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/health-check/>Citadel Health Checking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to enable SDS (secret discovery service) for Istio identity provisioning." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/auth-sds/>Provisioning Identity through SDS</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to incrementally migrate your Istio services to mutual TLS." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/mtls-migration/>Mutual TLS Migration</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to enable mutual TLS on HTTPS services." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/https-overlay/>Mutual TLS over HTTPS</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Policies><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates policy enforcement features." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/>Policies</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to enable Istio policy enforcement." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/enabling-policy/>Enabling Policy Enforcement</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to use Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limiting/>Enabling Rate Limits</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to modify request headers and routing using policy adapters." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/control-headers/>Control Headers and Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to control access to a service using simple denials or white/black listing." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/denial-and-list/>Denials and White/Black Listing</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Telemetry><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to collect telemetry information from the mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/>Telemetry</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label=Metrics><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the configuration, collection, and processing of Istio mesh metrics." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/>Metrics</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect and customize metrics." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/collecting-metrics/>Collecting Metrics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/tcp-metrics/>Collecting Metrics for TCP services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/querying-metrics/>Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/using-istio-dashboard/>Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Logs><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the configuration, collection, and processing of Istio mesh logs." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/>Logs</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect and customize logs." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/collecting-logs/>Collecting Logs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Envoy proxies to print access log to their standard output." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/access-log/>Getting Envoy&#39;s Access Logs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to log to a Fluentd daemon." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/fluentd/>Logging with Fluentd</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Distributed Tracing"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio-enabled applications to collect trace spans." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/>Distributed Tracing</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Overview of distributed tracing in Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/overview/>Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Jaeger." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/jaeger/>Jaeger</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to LightStep." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/lightstep/>LightStep</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to visualize your services within an Istio mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/kiali/>Visualizing Your Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure external access to the set of Istio telemetry addons." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/gateways/>Remotely Accessing Telemetry Addons</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card72 title="A variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with." aria-controls=card72-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#examples"/></svg>Examples</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card72 role=region id=card72-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card72><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices used to demonstrate various Istio features." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/bookinfo/>Bookinfo Application</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Explains how to manually integrate Google Cloud Endpoints services with Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/endpoints/>Install Istio for Google Cloud Endpoints Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Illustrates how to use Istio to control a Kubernetes cluster and raw VMs as a single mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/integrating-vms/>Integrating Virtual Machines</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Edge Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="A variety of advanced examples for managing traffic at the edge (i.e., ingress and egress traffic) of an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/>Edge Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI passthrough for an ingress gateway." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/ingress-sni-passthrough/>Ingress Gateway without TLS Termination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to perform TLS origination for traffic to external services." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/egress-tls-origination/>TLS Origination for Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to direct traffic to external services through a dedicated gateway." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/egress-gateway/>Configure an Egress Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Egress Gateway to perform TLS origination to external services." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/egress-gateway-tls-origination/>Egress Gateway with TLS Origination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to enable egress traffic for a set of hosts in a common domain, instead of configuring each and every host separately." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/wildcard-egress-hosts/>Configure Egress Traffic using Wildcard Hosts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI monitoring and apply policies on TLS egress traffic." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/egress_sni_monitoring_and_policies/>SNI Monitoring and Policies for TLS Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to let applications use an external HTTPS proxy." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/http-proxy/>Connect to an External HTTPS Proxy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Demonstrates how to obtain Let's Encrypt TLS certificates for Kubernetes Ingress automatically using Cert-Manager." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/ingress-certmgr/>Securing Kubernetes Ingress with Cert-Manager</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Multicluster Service Mesh"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="A variety of fully working multicluster examples for Istio that you can experiment with." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/>Multicluster Service Mesh</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuring remote services in a gateway-connected multicluster mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/gateways/>Gateway-Connected Clusters</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Set up a multicluster mesh over two GKE clusters." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Example multicluster mesh over two IBM Cloud Private clusters." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/icp/>IBM Cloud Private</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Multicluster mesh between IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service and IBM Cloud Private." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/iks-icp/>IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service &amp; IBM Cloud Private</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Leveraging Istio's Split-horizon EDS to create a multicluster mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/split-horizon-eds/>Cluster-Aware Service Routing</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card106 title="Detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters." aria-controls=card106-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#reference"/></svg>Reference</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card106 role=region id=card106-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card106><li role=treeitem aria-label=Configuration><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Detailed information on configuration options." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/>Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure HTTP/TCP routing features." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting load balancing, outlier detection, etc." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/destination-rule/>Destination Rule</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting insertion of custom Envoy filters." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/envoy-filter/>Envoy Filter</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting edge load balancer." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/gateway/>Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting service registry." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/service-entry/>Service Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting network reachability of a sidecar." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/sidecar/>Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting label/content routing, sni routing, etc." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/virtual-service/>Virtual Service</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Authorization><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio's authorization features." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/authorization/>Authorization</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the supported constraints and properties." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/authorization/constraints-and-properties/>Constraints and Properties</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Role Based Access Control." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/authorization/istio.rbac.v1alpha1/>RBAC</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the options available when installing Istio using the included Helm chart." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/installation-options/>Installation Options</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Details the Helm chart installation options differences between release-1.0 and release-1.1." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/installation-options-changes/>Installation Options Changes</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Policies and Telemetry"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio's policy and telemetry features." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/>Policies and Telemetry</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the base attribute vocabulary used for policy and control." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/attribute-vocabulary/>Attribute Vocabulary</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Mixer configuration expression language reference." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/expression-language/>Expression Language</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Adapters><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Mixer adapters allow Istio to interface to a variety of infrastructure backends for such things as metrics and logs." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/>Adapters</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Apache SkyWalking." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/apache-skywalking/>Apache SkyWalking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for Apigee's distributed policy checks and analytics." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/apigee/>Apigee</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for circonus.com's monitoring solution." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/circonus/>Circonus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for cloudmonitor metrics." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudmonitor/>CloudMonitor</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for cloudwatch metrics." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudwatch/>CloudWatch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a dogstatsd agent for delivery to DataDog." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/datadog/>Datadog</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that always returns a precondition denial." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/denier/>Denier</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that delivers logs to a Fluentd daemon." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/fluentd/>Fluentd</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that extracts information from a Kubernetes environment." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/kubernetesenv/>Kubernetes Env</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that performs whitelist or blacklist checks." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/list/>List</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for a simple in-memory quota management system." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/memquota/>Memory quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that implements an Open Policy Agent engine." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/opa/>OPA</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that exposes Istio metrics for ingestion by a Prometheus harvester." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/prometheus/>Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for a Redis-based quota management system." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/redisquota/>Redis Quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that sends metrics to SignalFx." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/signalfx/>SignalFx</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Papertrail and AppOptics backends." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/solarwinds/>SolarWinds</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver logs, metrics, and traces to Stackdriver." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stackdriver/>Stackdriver</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a StatsD backend." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/statsd/>StatsD</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to locally output logs and metrics." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stdio/>Stdio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Wavefront by VMware." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/wavefront/>Wavefront by VMware</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver tracing data to Zipkin." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Default Metrics exported from Istio through Mixer." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/metrics/>Default Metrics</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Templates><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Mixer templates are used to send data to individual adapters." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/>Templates</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single API key." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/apikey/>API Key</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Analytics template is used to dispatch runtime telemetry to Apigee." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/analytics/>Analytics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template used to represent an access control query." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/authorization/>Authorization</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/checknothing/>Check Nothing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template designed to report observed communication edges between workloads." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/edge/>Edge</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that is used to control the production of Kubernetes-specific attributes." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/kubernetes/>Kubernetes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template designed to let you perform list checking operations." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/listentry/>List Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single runtime log entry." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/logentry/>Log Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single runtime metric." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/metric/>Metric</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a quota allocation request." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/quota/>Quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/reportnothing/>Report Nothing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents an individual span within a distributed trace." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/tracespan/>Trace Span</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration state for the Mixer client library." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.mixer.v1.config.client/>Mixer Client</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the rules used to configure Mixer's policy and telemetry features." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.policy.v1beta1/>Rules</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Authentication policy for Istio services." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/istio.authentication.v1alpha1/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting the service mesh as a whole." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/istio.mesh.v1alpha1/>Service Mesh</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Commands><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes usage and options of the Istio commands and utilities." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/>Commands</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Galley provides configuration management services for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/galley/>galley</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Certificate Authority (CA)." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/istio_ca/>istio_ca</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio control interface." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/>istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Utility to trigger direct calls to Mixer's API." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/mixc/>mixc</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Mixer is Istio's abstraction on top of infrastructure backends." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/mixs/>mixs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio security per-node agent." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/node_agent/>node_agent</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot agent." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/pilot-agent/>pilot-agent</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery/>pilot-discovery</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Kubernetes webhook for automatic Istio sidecar injection." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/sidecar-injector/>sidecar-injector</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></nav></div><div class=article-container><button tabindex=-1 id=sidebar-toggler title="Toggle the navigation bar"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#pull"/></svg></button><nav aria-label=Breadcrumb><ol><li><a href=/v1.1/ title="Connect, secure, control, and observe services.">Istio</a></li><li><a href=/v1.1/docs/ title="Learn how to deploy, use, and operate Istio.">Docs</a></li><li><a href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/ title="Learn about the different parts of the Istio system and the abstractions it uses.">Concepts</a></li><li>Policies and Telemetry</li></ol></nav><article aria-labelledby=title><div class=title-area><div><h1 id=title>Policies and Telemetry</h1><p class=byline><span title="1713 words"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#clock"/></svg><span>&nbsp;</span>9 minute read</span></p></div></div><nav class=toc-inlined aria-label="Table of Contents"><div><hr><ol><li role=none aria-label=Adapters><a href=#adapters>Adapters</a><li role=none aria-label="Reliability and latency"><a href=#reliability-and-latency>Reliability and latency</a><li role=none aria-label=Attributes><a href=#attributes>Attributes</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Attribute vocabulary"><a href=#attribute-vocabulary>Attribute vocabulary</a><li role=none aria-label="Attribute expressions"><a href=#attribute-expressions>Attribute expressions</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Configuration model"><a href=#configuration-model>Configuration model</a><ol><li role=none aria-label=Handlers><a href=#handlers>Handlers</a><li role=none aria-label=Instances><a href=#instances>Instances</a><li role=none aria-label=Rules><a href=#rules>Rules</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol><hr></div></nav><p>Istio provides a flexible model to enforce authorization policies and collect telemetry for the
services in a mesh.</p><p>Infrastructure backends are designed to provide support functionality
used to build services. They include such things as access control systems,
telemetry capturing systems, quota enforcement systems, billing systems, and so
forth. Services traditionally directly integrate with these backend systems,
creating a hard coupling and baking-in specific semantics and usage options.</p><p>Istio provides a uniform abstraction that makes it possible for Istio to interface with
an open-ended set of infrastructure backends. This is done in such a way to provide rich
and deep controls to the operator, while imposing no burden on service developers.
Istio is designed to change the boundaries between layers in order to reduce
systemic complexity, eliminate policy logic from service code and give
control to operators.</p><p>Mixer is the Istio component responsible for providing policy controls and telemetry collection:</p><figure style=width:55%><div class=wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio style=padding-bottom:70%><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/./topology-without-cache.svg title="Mixer Topology"><img class=element-to-stretch src=/v1.1/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/./topology-without-cache.svg alt="Mixer Topology"></a></div><figcaption>Mixer Topology</figcaption></figure><p>The Envoy sidecar logically calls Mixer before each request to perform precondition checks, and after each request to report telemetry.
The sidecar has local caching such that a large percentage of precondition checks can be performed from cache. Additionally, the
sidecar buffers outgoing telemetry such that it only calls Mixer infrequently.</p><p>At a high level, Mixer provides:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Backend Abstraction</strong>. Mixer insulates the rest of Istio from the implementation details of individual infrastructure backends.</p></li><li><p><strong>Intermediation</strong>. Mixer allows operators to have fine-grained control over all interactions between the mesh and infrastructure backends.</p></li></ul><p>Beyond these purely functional aspects, Mixer also has <a href=#reliability-and-latency>reliability and scalability</a> benefits as outlined below.</p><p>Policy enforcement and telemetry collection are entirely driven from configuration.
Policy check is disabled by default, avoiding the need to go through the Mixer policy component.
Refer to <a href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/installation-options/>Installation Options</a> for more information.</p><h2 id=adapters>Adapters</h2><p>Mixer is a highly modular and extensible component. One of its key functions is
to abstract away the details of different policy and telemetry backend systems,
allowing the rest of Istio to be agnostic of those backends.</p><p>Mixer&rsquo;s flexibility in dealing with different infrastructure backends comes
from its general-purpose plug-in model. Individual plug-ins are
known as <em>adapters</em> and they allow Mixer to interface to different
infrastructure backends that deliver core functionality, such as logging,
monitoring, quotas, ACL checking, and more. The exact set of
adapters used at runtime is determined through configuration and can easily be
extended to target new or custom infrastructure backends.</p><figure style=width:80%><div class=wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio style=padding-bottom:70%><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/./adapters.svg title="Mixer and its Adapters"><img class=element-to-stretch src=/v1.1/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/./adapters.svg alt="Showing Mixer with adapters."></a></div><figcaption>Mixer and its Adapters</figcaption></figure><p>Learn more about the <a href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/>set of supported adapters</a>.</p><h2 id=reliability-and-latency>Reliability and latency</h2><p>Mixer is a highly available component whose design helps increase overall availability and reduce average latency
of services in the mesh. Key aspects of its design deliver these benefits:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Statelessness</strong>. Mixer is stateless in that it doesn’t manage any persistent storage of its own.</p></li><li><p><strong>Hardening</strong>. Mixer proper is designed to be a highly reliable component. The design intent is to achieve &gt; 99.999% uptime for any individual Mixer instance.</p></li><li><p><strong>Caching and Buffering</strong>. Mixer is designed to accumulate a large amount of transient ephemeral state.</p></li></ul><p>The sidecar proxies that sit next to each service instance in the mesh must necessarily be frugal in terms of memory consumption, which constrains the possible amount of local
caching and buffering. Mixer, however, lives independently and can use considerably larger caches and output buffers. Mixer thus acts as a highly-scaled and highly-available second-level
cache for the sidecars.</p><figure style=width:65%><div class=wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio style=padding-bottom:70%><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/./topology-with-cache.svg title="Mixer Topology"><img class=element-to-stretch src=/v1.1/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/./topology-with-cache.svg alt="Mixer Topology"></a></div><figcaption>Mixer Topology</figcaption></figure><p>Since Mixer’s expected availability is considerably higher than most infrastructure backends (those often have availability of perhaps 99.9%). Mixer&rsquo;s local
caches and buffers not only contribute to reduce latency, they also help mask infrastructure backend failures by being able to continue operating
even when a backend has become unresponsive.</p><p>Finally, Mixer&rsquo;s caching and buffering helps reduce the frequency of calls to backends, and can sometimes reduce the amount of data
sent to backends (through local aggregation). Both of these can reduce operational expense in certain cases.</p><h2 id=attributes>Attributes</h2><p>Attributes are an essential concept to Istio&rsquo;s policy and telemetry functionality.
An attribute is a small bit of data that describes a single property of a specific
service request or the environment for the request. For example, an attribute can
specify the size of a specific request, the response code for an operation, the IP
address where a request came from, etc.</p><p>Each attribute has a name and a type. The type defines the kind of data that the attribute holds. For
example, an attribute can have a <code>STRING</code> type which means it has a textual value, or it can have an <code>INT64</code>
type indicating it has a 64 bit integer value.</p><p>Here are some example attributes with their associated values:</p><pre><code class=language-plain data-expandlinks=true>request.path: xyz/abc
request.size: 234
request.time: 12:34:56.789 04/17/2017
source.ip: [192 168 0 1]
destination.service.name: example
</code></pre><p>Mixer is in essence an attribute processing machine. The Envoy sidecar invokes Mixer for
every request, giving Mixer a set of attributes that describe the request and the environment
around the request. Based on its configuration and the specific set of attributes it was
given, Mixer generates calls to a variety of infrastructure backends.</p><figure style=width:60%><div class=wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio style=padding-bottom:42.60859894197215%><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/./machine.svg title="Attribute Machine"><img class=element-to-stretch src=/v1.1/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/./machine.svg alt="Attribute Machine"></a></div><figcaption>Attribute Machine</figcaption></figure><h3 id=attribute-vocabulary>Attribute vocabulary</h3><p>A given Istio deployment has a fixed vocabulary of attributes that it understands.
The specific vocabulary is determined by the set of attribute producers being used
in the deployment. The primary attribute producer in Istio is Envoy, although
specialized Mixer adapters can also generate attributes.</p><p>Learn more about the <a href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/attribute-vocabulary/>common baseline set of attributes available in most Istio deployments</a>.</p><h3 id=attribute-expressions>Attribute expressions</h3><p>Attribute expressions are used when configuring <a href=#instances>instances</a>.
Here&rsquo;s an example use of expressions:</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true>destination_service: destination.service.host
response_code: response.code
destination_version: destination.labels[&#34;version&#34;] | &#34;unknown&#34;
</code></pre><p>The sequences on the right-hand side of the colons are the simplest forms of attribute expressions.
The first two only consist of attribute names. The <code>response_code</code> label is assigned the value from the <code>response.code</code> attribute.</p><p>Here&rsquo;s an example of a conditional expression:</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true>destination_version: destination.labels[&#34;version&#34;] | &#34;unknown&#34;
</code></pre><p>With the above, the <code>destination_version</code> label is assigned the value of <code>destination.labels[&quot;version&quot;]</code>. However if that attribute
is not present, the literal <code>&quot;unknown&quot;</code> is used.</p><p>Refer to the <a href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/expression-language/>attribute expression</a> page for details.</p><h2 id=configuration-model>Configuration model</h2><p>Istio&rsquo;s policy and telemetry features are configured through a common model designed to
put operators in control of every aspect of authorization policy and telemetry collection.
Specific focus was given to keeping the model simple, while being powerful
enough to control Istio&rsquo;s many features at scale.</p><p>Controlling the policy and telemetry features involves configuring three types of resources:</p><ul><li><p>Configuring a set of <em>handlers</em>, which determine the set of adapters that
are being used and how they operate. Providing a <code>statsd</code> adapter with the IP
address for a Statsd backend is an example of handler configuration.</p></li><li><p>Configuring a set of <em>instances</em>, which describe how to map request attributes into adapter inputs.
Instances represent a chunk of data that one or more adapters will operate
on. For example, an operator may decide to generate <code>requestcount</code>
metric instances from attributes such as <code>destination.service.host</code> and
<code>response.code</code>.</p></li><li><p>Configuring a set of <em>rules</em>, which describe when a particular adapter is called and which instances
it is given. Rules consist of a <em>match</em> expression and <em>actions</em>. The match expression controls
when to invoke an adapter, while the actions determine the set of instances to give the adapter.
For example, a rule might send generated <code>requestcount</code> metric instances to a <code>statsd</code> adapter.</p></li></ul><p>Configuration is based on <em>adapters</em> and <em>templates</em>:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Adapters</strong> encapsulate the logic necessary to interface Mixer with a specific infrastructure backend.</p></li><li><p><strong>Templates</strong> define the schema for specifying request mapping from attributes to adapter inputs.
A given adapter may support any number of templates.</p></li></ul><h3 id=handlers>Handlers</h3><p>Adapters encapsulate the logic necessary to interface Mixer with specific external infrastructure
backends such as <a href=https://prometheus.io>Prometheus</a> or <a href=https://cloud.google.com/logging>Stackdriver</a>.
A <em>handler</em> is a resource responsible for holding the configuration state needed by an adapter. For example, a
logging adapter may require the IP address and port of the log collection backend.</p><p>Here is an example showing how to create a handler for an adapter. The <code>listchecker</code> adapter checks an input value against a list.
If the adapter is configured for a whitelist, it returns success if the input value is found in the list.</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true>apiVersion: config.istio.io/v1alpha2
kind: handler
metadata:
name: staticversion
namespace: istio-system
spec:
compiledAdapter: listchecker
params:
providerUrl: http://white_list_registry/
blacklist: false
</code></pre><p>The schema of the data in the <code>params</code> stanza depends on the specific adapter being configured.</p><p>Some adapters implement functionality that goes beyond connecting Mixer to a backend.
For example, the <code>prometheus</code> adapter consumes metrics and aggregates them as distributions or counters in a configurable way.</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true>apiVersion: config.istio.io/v1alpha2
kind: handler
metadata:
name: promhandler
namespace: istio-system
spec:
compiledAdapter: prometheus
params:
metrics:
- name: request_count
instance_name: requestcount.instance.istio-system
kind: COUNTER
label_names:
- destination_service
- destination_version
- response_code
- name: request_duration
instance_name: requestduration.instance.istio-system
kind: DISTRIBUTION
label_names:
- destination_service
- destination_version
- response_code
buckets:
explicit_buckets:
bounds: [0.005, 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10]
</code></pre><p>Each adapter defines its own particular format of configuration data. Learn more about <a href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/>the full set of
adapters and their specific configuration formats</a>.</p><h3 id=instances>Instances</h3><p>Instance configuration specifies the request mapping from attributes to adapter inputs.
The following is an example of a metric instance configuration that produces the <code>requestduration</code> metric.</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true>apiVersion: config.istio.io/v1alpha2
kind: instance
metadata:
name: requestduration
namespace: istio-system
spec:
compiledTemplate: metric
params:
value: response.duration | &#34;0ms&#34;
dimensions:
destination_service: destination.service.host | &#34;unknown&#34;
destination_version: destination.labels[&#34;version&#34;] | &#34;unknown&#34;
response_code: response.code | 200
monitored_resource_type: &#39;&#34;UNSPECIFIED&#34;&#39;
</code></pre><p>Note that all the dimensions expected in the handler configuration are specified in the mapping.
Templates define the specific required content of individual instances. Learn more about the <a href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/>set of
templates and their specific configuration formats</a>.</p><h3 id=rules>Rules</h3><p>Rules specify when a particular handler is invoked with a specific instance.
Consider an example where you want to deliver the <code>requestduration</code> metric to the <code>prometheus</code> handler if
the destination service is <code>service1</code> and the <code>x-user</code> request header has a specific value.</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true>apiVersion: config.istio.io/v1alpha2
kind: rule
metadata:
name: promhttp
namespace: istio-system
spec:
match: destination.service.host == &#34;service1.ns.svc.cluster.local&#34; &amp;&amp; request.headers[&#34;x-user&#34;] == &#34;user1&#34;
actions:
- handler: promhandler
instances: [ requestduration ]
</code></pre><p>A rule contains a <code>match</code> predicate expression and a list of actions to perform if the predicate is true.
An action specifies the list of instances to be delivered to a handler.
A rule must use the fully qualified names of handlers and instances.
If the rule, handlers, and instances are all in the same namespace, the namespace suffix can be elided from
the fully qualified name as seen in <code>promhandler</code>.</p><nav id=see-also><h2>See also</h2><div class=see-also><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/blog/2017/mixer-spof-myth/>Mixer and the SPOF Myth</a></p><p class=desc>Improving availability and reducing latency.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/blog/2017/adapter-model/>Mixer Adapter Model</a></p><p class=desc>Provides an overview of Mixer&#39;s plug-in architecture.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/egress_sni_monitoring_and_policies/>SNI Monitoring and Policies for TLS Egress Traffic</a></p><p class=desc>Describes how to configure SNI monitoring and apply policies on TLS egress traffic.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/collecting-logs/>Collecting Logs</a></p><p class=desc>This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect and customize logs.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/collecting-metrics/>Collecting Metrics</a></p><p class=desc>This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect and customize metrics.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/tcp-metrics/>Collecting Metrics for TCP services</a></p><p class=desc>This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services.</p></div></div></nav></article><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality." href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/security/><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>Security</a></div><div class=right><a title="Introduces performance and scalability for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/performance-and-scalability/>Performance and Scalability<svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#right-arrow"/></svg></a></div></nav><div id=endnotes-container aria-hidden=true><h2>Links</h2><ol id=endnotes></ol></div></div><div class=toc-container><nav class=toc aria-label="Table of Contents"><div id=toc><ol><li role=none aria-label=Adapters><a href=#adapters>Adapters</a><li role=none aria-label="Reliability and latency"><a href=#reliability-and-latency>Reliability and latency</a><li role=none aria-label=Attributes><a href=#attributes>Attributes</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Attribute vocabulary"><a href=#attribute-vocabulary>Attribute vocabulary</a><li role=none aria-label="Attribute expressions"><a href=#attribute-expressions>Attribute expressions</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Configuration model"><a href=#configuration-model>Configuration model</a><ol><li role=none aria-label=Handlers><a href=#handlers>Handlers</a><li role=none aria-label=Instances><a href=#instances>Instances</a><li role=none aria-label=Rules><a href=#rules>Rules</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol></div></nav></div></main><footer><div class=user-links><a class=channel title="Go download Istio 1.1.9 now" href=https://github.com/istio/istio/releases/tag/1.1.9 aria-label="Download Istio"><span>download</span><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#download"/></svg>
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