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<!doctype html><html lang=en itemscope itemtype=https://schema.org/WebPage><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=x-ua-compatible content="IE=edge"><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,shrink-to-fit=no"><meta name=theme-color content=#466BB0><meta name=title content="Policies and Telemetry"><meta name=description content="Describes the policy enforcement and telemetry mechanisms."><meta name=keywords content=microservices,services,mesh,policies,telemetry,control,config><meta property=og:title content="Policies and Telemetry"><meta property=og:type content=website><meta property=og:description content="Describes the policy enforcement and telemetry mechanisms."><meta property=og:url content=/v1.1/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/><meta property=og:image content=/v1.1/img/istio-whitelogo-bluebackground-framed.svg><meta property=og:image:alt content="Istio Logo"><meta property=og:image:width content=112><meta property=og:image:height content=150><meta property=og:site_name content=Istio><meta name=twitter:card content=summary><meta name=twitter:site content=@IstioMesh><title>Istioldie 1.1 / Policies and Telemetry</title><script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-98480406-2"></script><script>window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
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<button id=search-close title="Cancel search" type=reset aria-label="Cancel search"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#cancel-x"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><main class=primary><div id=sidebar-container class="sidebar-container sidebar-offcanvas"><nav id=sidebar aria-label="Section Navigation"><div class=directory><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card19 title="Learn about the different parts of the Istio system and the abstractions it uses." aria-controls=card19-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#concepts"/></svg>Concepts</button><div class="body default" aria-labelledby=card19 role=region id=card19-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card19><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduces Istio, the problems it solves, its high-level architecture and design goals." href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/>What is Istio?</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the various Istio features focused on traffic routing and control." href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality." href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/security/>Security</a></li><li role=none><span role=treeitem class=current title="Describes the policy enforcement and telemetry mechanisms.">Policies and Telemetry</span></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduces performance and scalability for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/performance-and-scalability/>Performance and Scalability</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how a service mesh can be configured to include services from more than one cluster." href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/multicluster-deployments/>Multicluster Deployments</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card39 title="How to deploy and upgrade Istio in various environments such as Kubernetes and Consul." aria-controls=card39-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#setup"/></svg>Setup</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card39 role=region id=card39-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card39><li role=treeitem aria-label=Kubernetes><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes and adding virtual machines into the mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/>Kubernetes</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label=Prepare><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Getting ready for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/>Prepare</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Prepare your Kubernetes pods and services to run in an Istio-enabled cluster." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/requirements/>Pods and Services</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Platform Setup"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="How to prepare various Kubernetes platforms before installing Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/>Platform Setup</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Alibaba Cloud Kubernetes cluster for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/alicloud/>Alibaba Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Azure cluster for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/azure/>Azure</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup Docker For Desktop for use with Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/docker/>Docker For Desktop</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a Google Kubernetes Engine cluster for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an IBM Cloud cluster for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/ibm/>IBM Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup Minikube for use with Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/minikube/>Minikube</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OpenShift cluster for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/openshift/>OpenShift</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OKE cluster for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/oci/>Oracle Cloud Infrastructure</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Download the Istio release and prepare for installation." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/download/>Download</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Install><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Choose the flows that best suit your needs and platform." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/>Install</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install and configure an Istio mesh in a Kubernetes cluster for evaluation." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/kubernetes/>Quick Start Evaluation Install</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio using a Helm chart." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/helm/>Customizable Install with Helm</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Multicluster Installation"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Configure an Istio mesh spanning multiple Kubernetes clusters." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/multicluster/>Multicluster Installation</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters using Istio Gateway to reach remote pods." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/multicluster/gateways/>Gateway Connectivity</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters with direct network access to remote pods." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/multicluster/vpn/>VPN Connectivity</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Platform-specific Instructions"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Additional installation flows for the supported Kubernetes platforms." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/>Platform-specific Instructions</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio using the Alibaba Cloud Kubernetes Container Service." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/alicloud/>Alibaba Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio using the Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio using IBM Cloud Public or IBM Cloud Private." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/ibm/>IBM Cloud</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Upgrade><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Information on upgrading Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/upgrade/>Upgrade</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Important changes operators must understand before upgrading to Istio 1.1." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/upgrade/notice/>1.1 Upgrade Notice</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Upgrade the Istio control plane and data plane independently." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/upgrade/steps/>Upgrade Steps</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="More Guides"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="More information on additional setup tasks." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/>More Guides</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the built-in Istio installation configuration profiles." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/config-profiles/>Installation Configuration Profiles</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/>Installing the Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and use Istio with the Istio CNI plugin, allowing operators to deploy services with lower privilege." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/cni/>Install Istio with the Istio CNI plugin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Integrate VMs and bare metal hosts into an Istio mesh deployed on Kubernetes." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/mesh-expansion/>Mesh Expansion</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Nomad & Consul"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/consul/>Nomad & Consul</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/consul/quick-start/>Quick Start on Docker</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul-based environment, with or without Nomad." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/consul/install/>Installation</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card57 title="How to do single specific targeted activities with the Istio system." aria-controls=card57-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#tasks"/></svg>Tasks</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card57 role=region id=card57-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card57><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Tasks that demonstrate Istio's traffic routing features." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing to multiple versions of a microservice." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing/>Configuring Request Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to inject faults to test the resiliency of your application." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection/>Fault Injection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting/>Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate TCP traffic from an old to new version of a TCP service." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/tcp-traffic-shifting/>TCP Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts/>Setting Request Timeouts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/>Control Ingress Traffic</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Securing Ingress Gateway"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Secure ingress gateway controllers using various approaches." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/secure-ingress/>Securing Ingress Gateway</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Expose a service outside of the service mesh over TLS or mTLS." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/secure-ingress/mount/>Securing Gateways with HTTPS With a File Mount-Based Approach</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to expose a service outside of the service mesh, over TLS or Mutual TLS, using secret discovery service." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/secure-ingress/sds/>Securing Gateways with HTTPS Using Secret Discovery Service</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/>Control Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure circuit breaking for connections, requests, and outlier detection." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking/>Circuit Breaking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task demonstrates the traffic mirroring/shadowing capabilities of Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring/>Mirroring</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to secure the mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use Istio authentication policy to setup mutual TLS and basic end-user authentication." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/authn-policy/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up role-based access control for HTTP services." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/authz-http/>Authorization for HTTP Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up role-based access control for TCP services." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/authz-tcp/>Authorization for TCP Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Tutorial on how to configure the groups-base authorization and configure the authorization of list-typed claims in Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/rbac-groups/>Authorization for groups and list claims</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to use Authorization permissive mode." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/authz-permissive/>Authorization permissive mode</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to integrate a Vault Certificate Authority with Istio for mutual TLS." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/vault-ca/>Istio Vault CA Integration</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to verify and test Istio's automatic mutual TLS authentication." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/mutual-tls/>Mutual TLS Deep-Dive</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how operators can configure Citadel with existing root certificate, signing certificate and key." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/plugin-ca-cert/>Plugging in External CA Key and Certificate</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to enable Citadel health checking with Kubernetes." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/health-check/>Citadel Health Checking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to enable SDS (secret discovery service) for Istio identity provisioning." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/auth-sds/>Provisioning Identity through SDS</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to incrementally migrate your Istio services to mutual TLS." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/mtls-migration/>Mutual TLS Migration</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to enable mutual TLS on HTTPS services." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/https-overlay/>Mutual TLS over HTTPS</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Policies><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates policy enforcement features." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/>Policies</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to enable Istio policy enforcement." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/enabling-policy/>Enabling Policy Enforcement</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to use Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limiting/>Enabling Rate Limits</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to modify request headers and routing using policy adapters." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/control-headers/>Control Headers and Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to control access to a service using simple denials or white/black listing." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/denial-and-list/>Denials and White/Black Listing</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Telemetry><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to collect telemetry information from the mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/>Telemetry</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label=Metrics><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the configuration, collection, and processing of Istio mesh metrics." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/>Metrics</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect and customize metrics." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/collecting-metrics/>Collecting Metrics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/tcp-metrics/>Collecting Metrics for TCP services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/querying-metrics/>Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/using-istio-dashboard/>Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Logs><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the configuration, collection, and processing of Istio mesh logs." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/>Logs</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect and customize logs." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/collecting-logs/>Collecting Logs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Envoy proxies to print access log to their standard output." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/access-log/>Getting Envoy's Access Logs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to log to a Fluentd daemon." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/fluentd/>Logging with Fluentd</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Distributed Tracing"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio-enabled applications to collect trace spans." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/>Distributed Tracing</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Overview of distributed tracing in Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/overview/>Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Jaeger." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/jaeger/>Jaeger</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to LightStep." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/lightstep/>LightStep</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to visualize your services within an Istio mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/kiali/>Visualizing Your Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure external access to the set of Istio telemetry addons." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/gateways/>Remotely Accessing Telemetry Addons</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card72 title="A variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with." aria-controls=card72-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#examples"/></svg>Examples</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card72 role=region id=card72-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card72><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices used to demonstrate various Istio features." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/bookinfo/>Bookinfo Application</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Explains how to manually integrate Google Cloud Endpoints services with Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/endpoints/>Install Istio for Google Cloud Endpoints Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Illustrates how to use Istio to control a Kubernetes cluster and raw VMs as a single mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/integrating-vms/>Integrating Virtual Machines</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Edge Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="A variety of advanced examples for managing traffic at the edge (i.e., ingress and egress traffic) of an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/>Edge Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI passthrough for an ingress gateway." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/ingress-sni-passthrough/>Ingress Gateway without TLS Termination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to perform TLS origination for traffic to external services." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/egress-tls-origination/>TLS Origination for Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to direct traffic to external services through a dedicated gateway." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/egress-gateway/>Configure an Egress Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Egress Gateway to perform TLS origination to external services." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/egress-gateway-tls-origination/>Egress Gateway with TLS Origination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to enable egress traffic for a set of hosts in a common domain, instead of configuring each and every host separately." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/wildcard-egress-hosts/>Configure Egress Traffic using Wildcard Hosts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI monitoring and apply policies on TLS egress traffic." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/egress_sni_monitoring_and_policies/>SNI Monitoring and Policies for TLS Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to let applications use an external HTTPS proxy." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/http-proxy/>Connect to an External HTTPS Proxy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Demonstrates how to obtain Let's Encrypt TLS certificates for Kubernetes Ingress automatically using Cert-Manager." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/ingress-certmgr/>Securing Kubernetes Ingress with Cert-Manager</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Multicluster Service Mesh"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="A variety of fully working multicluster examples for Istio that you can experiment with." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/>Multicluster Service Mesh</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuring remote services in a gateway-connected multicluster mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/gateways/>Gateway-Connected Clusters</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Set up a multicluster mesh over two GKE clusters." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Example multicluster mesh over two IBM Cloud Private clusters." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/icp/>IBM Cloud Private</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Multicluster mesh between IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service and IBM Cloud Private." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/iks-icp/>IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service & IBM Cloud Private</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Leveraging Istio's Split-horizon EDS to create a multicluster mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/split-horizon-eds/>Cluster-Aware Service Routing</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card106 title="Detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters." aria-controls=card106-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#reference"/></svg>Reference</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card106 role=region id=card106-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card106><li role=treeitem aria-label=Configuration><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Detailed information on configuration options." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/>Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure HTTP/TCP routing features." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting load balancing, outlier detection, etc." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/destination-rule/>Destination Rule</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting insertion of custom Envoy filters." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/envoy-filter/>Envoy Filter</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting edge load balancer." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/gateway/>Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting service registry." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/service-entry/>Service Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting network reachability of a sidecar." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/sidecar/>Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting label/content routing, sni routing, etc." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/virtual-service/>Virtual Service</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Authorization><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio's authorization features." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/authorization/>Authorization</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the supported constraints and properties." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/authorization/constraints-and-properties/>Constraints and Properties</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Role Based Access Control." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/authorization/istio.rbac.v1alpha1/>RBAC</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the options available when installing Istio using the included Helm chart." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/installation-options/>Installation Options</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Details the Helm chart installation options differences between release-1.0 and release-1.1." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/installation-options-changes/>Installation Options Changes</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Policies and Telemetry"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio's policy and telemetry features." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/>Policies and Telemetry</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the base attribute vocabulary used for policy and control." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/attribute-vocabulary/>Attribute Vocabulary</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Mixer configuration expression language reference." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/expression-language/>Expression Language</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Adapters><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Mixer adapters allow Istio to interface to a variety of infrastructure backends for such things as metrics and logs." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/>Adapters</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Apache SkyWalking." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/apache-skywalking/>Apache SkyWalking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for Apigee's distributed policy checks and analytics." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/apigee/>Apigee</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for circonus.com's monitoring solution." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/circonus/>Circonus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for cloudmonitor metrics." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudmonitor/>CloudMonitor</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for cloudwatch metrics." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudwatch/>CloudWatch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a dogstatsd agent for delivery to DataDog." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/datadog/>Datadog</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that always returns a precondition denial." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/denier/>Denier</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that delivers logs to a Fluentd daemon." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/fluentd/>Fluentd</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that extracts information from a Kubernetes environment." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/kubernetesenv/>Kubernetes Env</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that performs whitelist or blacklist checks." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/list/>List</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for a simple in-memory quota management system." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/memquota/>Memory quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that implements an Open Policy Agent engine." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/opa/>OPA</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that exposes Istio metrics for ingestion by a Prometheus harvester." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/prometheus/>Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for a Redis-based quota management system." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/redisquota/>Redis Quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that sends metrics to SignalFx." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/signalfx/>SignalFx</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Papertrail and AppOptics backends." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/solarwinds/>SolarWinds</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver logs, metrics, and traces to Stackdriver." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stackdriver/>Stackdriver</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a StatsD backend." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/statsd/>StatsD</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to locally output logs and metrics." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stdio/>Stdio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Wavefront by VMware." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/wavefront/>Wavefront by VMware</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver tracing data to Zipkin." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Default Metrics exported from Istio through Mixer." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/metrics/>Default Metrics</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Templates><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Mixer templates are used to send data to individual adapters." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/>Templates</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single API key." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/apikey/>API Key</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Analytics template is used to dispatch runtime telemetry to Apigee." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/analytics/>Analytics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template used to represent an access control query." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/authorization/>Authorization</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/checknothing/>Check Nothing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template designed to report observed communication edges between workloads." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/edge/>Edge</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that is used to control the production of Kubernetes-specific attributes." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/kubernetes/>Kubernetes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template designed to let you perform list checking operations." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/listentry/>List Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single runtime log entry." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/logentry/>Log Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single runtime metric." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/metric/>Metric</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a quota allocation request." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/quota/>Quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/reportnothing/>Report Nothing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents an individual span within a distributed trace." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/tracespan/>Trace Span</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration state for the Mixer client library." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.mixer.v1.config.client/>Mixer Client</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the rules used to configure Mixer's policy and telemetry features." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.policy.v1beta1/>Rules</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Authentication policy for Istio services." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/istio.authentication.v1alpha1/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting the service mesh as a whole." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/istio.mesh.v1alpha1/>Service Mesh</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Commands><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes usage and options of the Istio commands and utilities." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/>Commands</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Galley provides configuration management services for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/galley/>galley</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Certificate Authority (CA)." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/istio_ca/>istio_ca</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio control interface." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/>istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Utility to trigger direct calls to Mixer's API." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/mixc/>mixc</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Mixer is Istio's abstraction on top of infrastructure backends." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/mixs/>mixs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio security per-node agent." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/node_agent/>node_agent</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot agent." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/pilot-agent/>pilot-agent</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery/>pilot-discovery</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Kubernetes webhook for automatic Istio sidecar injection." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/sidecar-injector/>sidecar-injector</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></nav></div><div class=article-container><button tabindex=-1 id=sidebar-toggler title="Toggle the navigation bar"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#pull"/></svg></button><nav aria-label=Breadcrumb><ol><li><a href=/v1.1/ title="Connect, secure, control, and observe services.">Istio</a></li><li><a href=/v1.1/docs/ title="Learn how to deploy, use, and operate Istio.">Docs</a></li><li><a href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/ title="Learn about the different parts of the Istio system and the abstractions it uses.">Concepts</a></li><li>Policies and Telemetry</li></ol></nav><article aria-labelledby=title><div class=title-area><div><h1 id=title>Policies and Telemetry</h1><p class=byline><span title="1713 words"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#clock"/></svg><span> </span>9 minute read</span></p></div></div><nav class=toc-inlined aria-label="Table of Contents"><div><hr><ol><li role=none aria-label=Adapters><a href=#adapters>Adapters</a><li role=none aria-label="Reliability and latency"><a href=#reliability-and-latency>Reliability and latency</a><li role=none aria-label=Attributes><a href=#attributes>Attributes</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Attribute vocabulary"><a href=#attribute-vocabulary>Attribute vocabulary</a><li role=none aria-label="Attribute expressions"><a href=#attribute-expressions>Attribute expressions</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Configuration model"><a href=#configuration-model>Configuration model</a><ol><li role=none aria-label=Handlers><a href=#handlers>Handlers</a><li role=none aria-label=Instances><a href=#instances>Instances</a><li role=none aria-label=Rules><a href=#rules>Rules</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol><hr></div></nav><p>Istio provides a flexible model to enforce authorization policies and collect telemetry for the
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services in a mesh.</p><p>Infrastructure backends are designed to provide support functionality
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used to build services. They include such things as access control systems,
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telemetry capturing systems, quota enforcement systems, billing systems, and so
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forth. Services traditionally directly integrate with these backend systems,
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creating a hard coupling and baking-in specific semantics and usage options.</p><p>Istio provides a uniform abstraction that makes it possible for Istio to interface with
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an open-ended set of infrastructure backends. This is done in such a way to provide rich
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and deep controls to the operator, while imposing no burden on service developers.
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Istio is designed to change the boundaries between layers in order to reduce
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systemic complexity, eliminate policy logic from service code and give
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control to operators.</p><p>Mixer is the Istio component responsible for providing policy controls and telemetry collection:</p><figure style=width:55%><div class=wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio style=padding-bottom:70%><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/./topology-without-cache.svg title="Mixer Topology"><img class=element-to-stretch src=/v1.1/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/./topology-without-cache.svg alt="Mixer Topology"></a></div><figcaption>Mixer Topology</figcaption></figure><p>The Envoy sidecar logically calls Mixer before each request to perform precondition checks, and after each request to report telemetry.
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The sidecar has local caching such that a large percentage of precondition checks can be performed from cache. Additionally, the
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sidecar buffers outgoing telemetry such that it only calls Mixer infrequently.</p><p>At a high level, Mixer provides:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Backend Abstraction</strong>. Mixer insulates the rest of Istio from the implementation details of individual infrastructure backends.</p></li><li><p><strong>Intermediation</strong>. Mixer allows operators to have fine-grained control over all interactions between the mesh and infrastructure backends.</p></li></ul><p>Beyond these purely functional aspects, Mixer also has <a href=#reliability-and-latency>reliability and scalability</a> benefits as outlined below.</p><p>Policy enforcement and telemetry collection are entirely driven from configuration.
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Policy check is disabled by default, avoiding the need to go through the Mixer policy component.
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Refer to <a href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/installation-options/>Installation Options</a> for more information.</p><h2 id=adapters>Adapters</h2><p>Mixer is a highly modular and extensible component. One of its key functions is
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to abstract away the details of different policy and telemetry backend systems,
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allowing the rest of Istio to be agnostic of those backends.</p><p>Mixer’s flexibility in dealing with different infrastructure backends comes
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from its general-purpose plug-in model. Individual plug-ins are
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known as <em>adapters</em> and they allow Mixer to interface to different
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infrastructure backends that deliver core functionality, such as logging,
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monitoring, quotas, ACL checking, and more. The exact set of
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adapters used at runtime is determined through configuration and can easily be
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extended to target new or custom infrastructure backends.</p><figure style=width:80%><div class=wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio style=padding-bottom:70%><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/./adapters.svg title="Mixer and its Adapters"><img class=element-to-stretch src=/v1.1/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/./adapters.svg alt="Showing Mixer with adapters."></a></div><figcaption>Mixer and its Adapters</figcaption></figure><p>Learn more about the <a href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/>set of supported adapters</a>.</p><h2 id=reliability-and-latency>Reliability and latency</h2><p>Mixer is a highly available component whose design helps increase overall availability and reduce average latency
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of services in the mesh. Key aspects of its design deliver these benefits:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Statelessness</strong>. Mixer is stateless in that it doesn’t manage any persistent storage of its own.</p></li><li><p><strong>Hardening</strong>. Mixer proper is designed to be a highly reliable component. The design intent is to achieve > 99.999% uptime for any individual Mixer instance.</p></li><li><p><strong>Caching and Buffering</strong>. Mixer is designed to accumulate a large amount of transient ephemeral state.</p></li></ul><p>The sidecar proxies that sit next to each service instance in the mesh must necessarily be frugal in terms of memory consumption, which constrains the possible amount of local
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caching and buffering. Mixer, however, lives independently and can use considerably larger caches and output buffers. Mixer thus acts as a highly-scaled and highly-available second-level
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cache for the sidecars.</p><figure style=width:65%><div class=wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio style=padding-bottom:70%><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/./topology-with-cache.svg title="Mixer Topology"><img class=element-to-stretch src=/v1.1/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/./topology-with-cache.svg alt="Mixer Topology"></a></div><figcaption>Mixer Topology</figcaption></figure><p>Since Mixer’s expected availability is considerably higher than most infrastructure backends (those often have availability of perhaps 99.9%). Mixer’s local
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caches and buffers not only contribute to reduce latency, they also help mask infrastructure backend failures by being able to continue operating
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even when a backend has become unresponsive.</p><p>Finally, Mixer’s caching and buffering helps reduce the frequency of calls to backends, and can sometimes reduce the amount of data
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sent to backends (through local aggregation). Both of these can reduce operational expense in certain cases.</p><h2 id=attributes>Attributes</h2><p>Attributes are an essential concept to Istio’s policy and telemetry functionality.
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An attribute is a small bit of data that describes a single property of a specific
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service request or the environment for the request. For example, an attribute can
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specify the size of a specific request, the response code for an operation, the IP
|
||
address where a request came from, etc.</p><p>Each attribute has a name and a type. The type defines the kind of data that the attribute holds. For
|
||
example, an attribute can have a <code>STRING</code> type which means it has a textual value, or it can have an <code>INT64</code>
|
||
type indicating it has a 64 bit integer value.</p><p>Here are some example attributes with their associated values:</p><pre><code class=language-plain data-expandlinks=true>request.path: xyz/abc
|
||
request.size: 234
|
||
request.time: 12:34:56.789 04/17/2017
|
||
source.ip: [192 168 0 1]
|
||
destination.service.name: example
|
||
</code></pre><p>Mixer is in essence an attribute processing machine. The Envoy sidecar invokes Mixer for
|
||
every request, giving Mixer a set of attributes that describe the request and the environment
|
||
around the request. Based on its configuration and the specific set of attributes it was
|
||
given, Mixer generates calls to a variety of infrastructure backends.</p><figure style=width:60%><div class=wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio style=padding-bottom:42.60859894197215%><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/./machine.svg title="Attribute Machine"><img class=element-to-stretch src=/v1.1/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/./machine.svg alt="Attribute Machine"></a></div><figcaption>Attribute Machine</figcaption></figure><h3 id=attribute-vocabulary>Attribute vocabulary</h3><p>A given Istio deployment has a fixed vocabulary of attributes that it understands.
|
||
The specific vocabulary is determined by the set of attribute producers being used
|
||
in the deployment. The primary attribute producer in Istio is Envoy, although
|
||
specialized Mixer adapters can also generate attributes.</p><p>Learn more about the <a href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/attribute-vocabulary/>common baseline set of attributes available in most Istio deployments</a>.</p><h3 id=attribute-expressions>Attribute expressions</h3><p>Attribute expressions are used when configuring <a href=#instances>instances</a>.
|
||
Here’s an example use of expressions:</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true>destination_service: destination.service.host
|
||
response_code: response.code
|
||
destination_version: destination.labels["version"] | "unknown"
|
||
</code></pre><p>The sequences on the right-hand side of the colons are the simplest forms of attribute expressions.
|
||
The first two only consist of attribute names. The <code>response_code</code> label is assigned the value from the <code>response.code</code> attribute.</p><p>Here’s an example of a conditional expression:</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true>destination_version: destination.labels["version"] | "unknown"
|
||
</code></pre><p>With the above, the <code>destination_version</code> label is assigned the value of <code>destination.labels["version"]</code>. However if that attribute
|
||
is not present, the literal <code>"unknown"</code> is used.</p><p>Refer to the <a href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/expression-language/>attribute expression</a> page for details.</p><h2 id=configuration-model>Configuration model</h2><p>Istio’s policy and telemetry features are configured through a common model designed to
|
||
put operators in control of every aspect of authorization policy and telemetry collection.
|
||
Specific focus was given to keeping the model simple, while being powerful
|
||
enough to control Istio’s many features at scale.</p><p>Controlling the policy and telemetry features involves configuring three types of resources:</p><ul><li><p>Configuring a set of <em>handlers</em>, which determine the set of adapters that
|
||
are being used and how they operate. Providing a <code>statsd</code> adapter with the IP
|
||
address for a Statsd backend is an example of handler configuration.</p></li><li><p>Configuring a set of <em>instances</em>, which describe how to map request attributes into adapter inputs.
|
||
Instances represent a chunk of data that one or more adapters will operate
|
||
on. For example, an operator may decide to generate <code>requestcount</code>
|
||
metric instances from attributes such as <code>destination.service.host</code> and
|
||
<code>response.code</code>.</p></li><li><p>Configuring a set of <em>rules</em>, which describe when a particular adapter is called and which instances
|
||
it is given. Rules consist of a <em>match</em> expression and <em>actions</em>. The match expression controls
|
||
when to invoke an adapter, while the actions determine the set of instances to give the adapter.
|
||
For example, a rule might send generated <code>requestcount</code> metric instances to a <code>statsd</code> adapter.</p></li></ul><p>Configuration is based on <em>adapters</em> and <em>templates</em>:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Adapters</strong> encapsulate the logic necessary to interface Mixer with a specific infrastructure backend.</p></li><li><p><strong>Templates</strong> define the schema for specifying request mapping from attributes to adapter inputs.
|
||
A given adapter may support any number of templates.</p></li></ul><h3 id=handlers>Handlers</h3><p>Adapters encapsulate the logic necessary to interface Mixer with specific external infrastructure
|
||
backends such as <a href=https://prometheus.io>Prometheus</a> or <a href=https://cloud.google.com/logging>Stackdriver</a>.
|
||
A <em>handler</em> is a resource responsible for holding the configuration state needed by an adapter. For example, a
|
||
logging adapter may require the IP address and port of the log collection backend.</p><p>Here is an example showing how to create a handler for an adapter. The <code>listchecker</code> adapter checks an input value against a list.
|
||
If the adapter is configured for a whitelist, it returns success if the input value is found in the list.</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true>apiVersion: config.istio.io/v1alpha2
|
||
kind: handler
|
||
metadata:
|
||
name: staticversion
|
||
namespace: istio-system
|
||
spec:
|
||
compiledAdapter: listchecker
|
||
params:
|
||
providerUrl: http://white_list_registry/
|
||
blacklist: false
|
||
</code></pre><p>The schema of the data in the <code>params</code> stanza depends on the specific adapter being configured.</p><p>Some adapters implement functionality that goes beyond connecting Mixer to a backend.
|
||
For example, the <code>prometheus</code> adapter consumes metrics and aggregates them as distributions or counters in a configurable way.</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true>apiVersion: config.istio.io/v1alpha2
|
||
kind: handler
|
||
metadata:
|
||
name: promhandler
|
||
namespace: istio-system
|
||
spec:
|
||
compiledAdapter: prometheus
|
||
params:
|
||
metrics:
|
||
- name: request_count
|
||
instance_name: requestcount.instance.istio-system
|
||
kind: COUNTER
|
||
label_names:
|
||
- destination_service
|
||
- destination_version
|
||
- response_code
|
||
- name: request_duration
|
||
instance_name: requestduration.instance.istio-system
|
||
kind: DISTRIBUTION
|
||
label_names:
|
||
- destination_service
|
||
- destination_version
|
||
- response_code
|
||
buckets:
|
||
explicit_buckets:
|
||
bounds: [0.005, 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10]
|
||
</code></pre><p>Each adapter defines its own particular format of configuration data. Learn more about <a href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/>the full set of
|
||
adapters and their specific configuration formats</a>.</p><h3 id=instances>Instances</h3><p>Instance configuration specifies the request mapping from attributes to adapter inputs.
|
||
The following is an example of a metric instance configuration that produces the <code>requestduration</code> metric.</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true>apiVersion: config.istio.io/v1alpha2
|
||
kind: instance
|
||
metadata:
|
||
name: requestduration
|
||
namespace: istio-system
|
||
spec:
|
||
compiledTemplate: metric
|
||
params:
|
||
value: response.duration | "0ms"
|
||
dimensions:
|
||
destination_service: destination.service.host | "unknown"
|
||
destination_version: destination.labels["version"] | "unknown"
|
||
response_code: response.code | 200
|
||
monitored_resource_type: '"UNSPECIFIED"'
|
||
</code></pre><p>Note that all the dimensions expected in the handler configuration are specified in the mapping.
|
||
Templates define the specific required content of individual instances. Learn more about the <a href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/>set of
|
||
templates and their specific configuration formats</a>.</p><h3 id=rules>Rules</h3><p>Rules specify when a particular handler is invoked with a specific instance.
|
||
Consider an example where you want to deliver the <code>requestduration</code> metric to the <code>prometheus</code> handler if
|
||
the destination service is <code>service1</code> and the <code>x-user</code> request header has a specific value.</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true>apiVersion: config.istio.io/v1alpha2
|
||
kind: rule
|
||
metadata:
|
||
name: promhttp
|
||
namespace: istio-system
|
||
spec:
|
||
match: destination.service.host == "service1.ns.svc.cluster.local" && request.headers["x-user"] == "user1"
|
||
actions:
|
||
- handler: promhandler
|
||
instances: [ requestduration ]
|
||
</code></pre><p>A rule contains a <code>match</code> predicate expression and a list of actions to perform if the predicate is true.
|
||
An action specifies the list of instances to be delivered to a handler.
|
||
A rule must use the fully qualified names of handlers and instances.
|
||
If the rule, handlers, and instances are all in the same namespace, the namespace suffix can be elided from
|
||
the fully qualified name as seen in <code>promhandler</code>.</p><nav id=see-also><h2>See also</h2><div class=see-also><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/blog/2017/mixer-spof-myth/>Mixer and the SPOF Myth</a></p><p class=desc>Improving availability and reducing latency.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/blog/2017/adapter-model/>Mixer Adapter Model</a></p><p class=desc>Provides an overview of Mixer's plug-in architecture.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/egress_sni_monitoring_and_policies/>SNI Monitoring and Policies for TLS Egress Traffic</a></p><p class=desc>Describes how to configure SNI monitoring and apply policies on TLS egress traffic.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/collecting-logs/>Collecting Logs</a></p><p class=desc>This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect and customize logs.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/collecting-metrics/>Collecting Metrics</a></p><p class=desc>This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect and customize metrics.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/tcp-metrics/>Collecting Metrics for TCP services</a></p><p class=desc>This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services.</p></div></div></nav></article><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality." href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/security/><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>Security</a></div><div class=right><a title="Introduces performance and scalability for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/performance-and-scalability/>Performance and Scalability<svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#right-arrow"/></svg></a></div></nav><div id=endnotes-container aria-hidden=true><h2>Links</h2><ol id=endnotes></ol></div></div><div class=toc-container><nav class=toc aria-label="Table of Contents"><div id=toc><ol><li role=none aria-label=Adapters><a href=#adapters>Adapters</a><li role=none aria-label="Reliability and latency"><a href=#reliability-and-latency>Reliability and latency</a><li role=none aria-label=Attributes><a href=#attributes>Attributes</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Attribute vocabulary"><a href=#attribute-vocabulary>Attribute vocabulary</a><li role=none aria-label="Attribute expressions"><a href=#attribute-expressions>Attribute expressions</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Configuration model"><a href=#configuration-model>Configuration model</a><ol><li role=none aria-label=Handlers><a href=#handlers>Handlers</a><li role=none aria-label=Instances><a href=#instances>Instances</a><li role=none aria-label=Rules><a href=#rules>Rules</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol></div></nav></div></main><footer><div class=user-links><a class=channel title="Go download Istio 1.1.9 now" href=https://github.com/istio/istio/releases/tag/1.1.9 aria-label="Download Istio"><span>download</span><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#download"/></svg>
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