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<button id=search-close title="Cancel search" type=reset aria-label="Cancel search"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#cancel-x"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><main class=primary><div id=sidebar-container class="sidebar-container sidebar-offcanvas"><nav id=sidebar aria-label="Section Navigation"><div class=directory><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card19 title="Learn about the different parts of the Istio system and the abstractions it uses." aria-controls=card19-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#concepts"/></svg>Concepts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card19 role=region id=card19-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card19><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduces Istio, the problems it solves, its high-level architecture and design goals." href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/>What is Istio?</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the various Istio features focused on traffic routing and control." href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality." href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/security/>Security</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the policy enforcement and telemetry mechanisms." href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/>Policies and Telemetry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduces performance and scalability for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/performance-and-scalability/>Performance and Scalability</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how a service mesh can be configured to include services from more than one cluster." href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/multicluster-deployments/>Multicluster Deployments</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card39 title="How to deploy and upgrade Istio in various environments such as Kubernetes and Consul." aria-controls=card39-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#setup"/></svg>Setup</button><div class="body default" aria-labelledby=card39 role=region id=card39-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card39><li role=treeitem aria-label=Kubernetes><button class=show aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes and adding virtual machines into the mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/>Kubernetes</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true><li role=treeitem aria-label=Prepare><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Getting ready for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/>Prepare</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Prepare your Kubernetes pods and services to run in an Istio-enabled cluster." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/requirements/>Pods and Services</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Platform Setup"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="How to prepare various Kubernetes platforms before installing Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/>Platform Setup</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Alibaba Cloud Kubernetes cluster for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/alicloud/>Alibaba Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Azure cluster for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/azure/>Azure</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup Docker For Desktop for use with Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/docker/>Docker For Desktop</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a Google Kubernetes Engine cluster for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an IBM Cloud cluster for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/ibm/>IBM Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup Minikube for use with Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/minikube/>Minikube</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OpenShift cluster for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/openshift/>OpenShift</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OKE cluster for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/oci/>Oracle Cloud Infrastructure</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Download the Istio release and prepare for installation." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/download/>Download</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Install><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Choose the flows that best suit your needs and platform." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/>Install</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install and configure an Istio mesh in a Kubernetes cluster for evaluation." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/kubernetes/>Quick Start Evaluation Install</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio using a Helm chart." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/helm/>Customizable Install with Helm</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Multicluster Installation"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Configure an Istio mesh spanning multiple Kubernetes clusters." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/multicluster/>Multicluster Installation</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters using Istio Gateway to reach remote pods." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/multicluster/gateways/>Gateway Connectivity</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters with direct network access to remote pods." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/multicluster/vpn/>VPN Connectivity</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Platform-specific Instructions"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Additional installation flows for the supported Kubernetes platforms." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/>Platform-specific Instructions</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio using the Alibaba Cloud Kubernetes Container Service." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/alicloud/>Alibaba Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio using the Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio using IBM Cloud Public or IBM Cloud Private." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/ibm/>IBM Cloud</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Upgrade><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Information on upgrading Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/upgrade/>Upgrade</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Important changes operators must understand before upgrading to Istio 1.1." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/upgrade/notice/>1.1 Upgrade Notice</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Upgrade the Istio control plane and data plane independently." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/upgrade/steps/>Upgrade Steps</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="More Guides"><button class=show aria-hidden=true></button><a title="More information on additional setup tasks." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/>More Guides</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the built-in Istio installation configuration profiles." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/config-profiles/>Installation Configuration Profiles</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/>Installing the Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><span role=treeitem class=current title="Install and use Istio with the Istio CNI plugin, allowing operators to deploy services with lower privilege.">Install Istio with the Istio CNI plugin</span></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Integrate VMs and bare metal hosts into an Istio mesh deployed on Kubernetes." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/mesh-expansion/>Mesh Expansion</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Nomad & Consul"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/consul/>Nomad & Consul</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/consul/quick-start/>Quick Start on Docker</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul-based environment, with or without Nomad." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/consul/install/>Installation</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card57 title="How to do single specific targeted activities with the Istio system." aria-controls=card57-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#tasks"/></svg>Tasks</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card57 role=region id=card57-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card57><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Tasks that demonstrate Istio's traffic routing features." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing to multiple versions of a microservice." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing/>Configuring Request Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to inject faults to test the resiliency of your application." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection/>Fault Injection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting/>Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate TCP traffic from an old to new version of a TCP service." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/tcp-traffic-shifting/>TCP Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts/>Setting Request Timeouts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/>Control Ingress Traffic</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Securing Ingress Gateway"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Secure ingress gateway controllers using various approaches." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/secure-ingress/>Securing Ingress Gateway</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Expose a service outside of the service mesh over TLS or mTLS." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/secure-ingress/mount/>Securing Gateways with HTTPS With a File Mount-Based Approach</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to expose a service outside of the service mesh, over TLS or Mutual TLS, using secret discovery service." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/secure-ingress/sds/>Securing Gateways with HTTPS Using Secret Discovery Service</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/>Control Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure circuit breaking for connections, requests, and outlier detection." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking/>Circuit Breaking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task demonstrates the traffic mirroring/shadowing capabilities of Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring/>Mirroring</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to secure the mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use Istio authentication policy to setup mutual TLS and basic end-user authentication." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/authn-policy/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up role-based access control for HTTP services." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/authz-http/>Authorization for HTTP Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up role-based access control for TCP services." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/authz-tcp/>Authorization for TCP Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Tutorial on how to configure the groups-base authorization and configure the authorization of list-typed claims in Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/rbac-groups/>Authorization for groups and list claims</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to use Authorization permissive mode." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/authz-permissive/>Authorization permissive mode</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to integrate a Vault Certificate Authority with Istio for mutual TLS." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/vault-ca/>Istio Vault CA Integration</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to verify and test Istio's automatic mutual TLS authentication." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/mutual-tls/>Mutual TLS Deep-Dive</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how operators can configure Citadel with existing root certificate, signing certificate and key." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/plugin-ca-cert/>Plugging in External CA Key and Certificate</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to enable Citadel health checking with Kubernetes." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/health-check/>Citadel Health Checking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to enable SDS (secret discovery service) for Istio identity provisioning." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/auth-sds/>Provisioning Identity through SDS</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to incrementally migrate your Istio services to mutual TLS." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/mtls-migration/>Mutual TLS Migration</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to enable mutual TLS on HTTPS services." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/https-overlay/>Mutual TLS over HTTPS</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Policies><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates policy enforcement features." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/>Policies</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to enable Istio policy enforcement." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/enabling-policy/>Enabling Policy Enforcement</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to use Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limiting/>Enabling Rate Limits</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to modify request headers and routing using policy adapters." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/control-headers/>Control Headers and Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to control access to a service using simple denials or white/black listing." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/denial-and-list/>Denials and White/Black Listing</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Telemetry><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to collect telemetry information from the mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/>Telemetry</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label=Metrics><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the configuration, collection, and processing of Istio mesh metrics." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/>Metrics</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect and customize metrics." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/collecting-metrics/>Collecting Metrics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/tcp-metrics/>Collecting Metrics for TCP services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/querying-metrics/>Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/using-istio-dashboard/>Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Logs><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the configuration, collection, and processing of Istio mesh logs." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/>Logs</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect and customize logs." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/collecting-logs/>Collecting Logs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Envoy proxies to print access log to their standard output." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/access-log/>Getting Envoy's Access Logs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to log to a Fluentd daemon." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/fluentd/>Logging with Fluentd</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Distributed Tracing"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio-enabled applications to collect trace spans." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/>Distributed Tracing</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Overview of distributed tracing in Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/overview/>Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Jaeger." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/jaeger/>Jaeger</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to LightStep." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/lightstep/>LightStep</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to visualize your services within an Istio mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/kiali/>Visualizing Your Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure external access to the set of Istio telemetry addons." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/gateways/>Remotely Accessing Telemetry Addons</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card72 title="A variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with." aria-controls=card72-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#examples"/></svg>Examples</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card72 role=region id=card72-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card72><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices used to demonstrate various Istio features." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/bookinfo/>Bookinfo Application</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Explains how to manually integrate Google Cloud Endpoints services with Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/endpoints/>Install Istio for Google Cloud Endpoints Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Illustrates how to use Istio to control a Kubernetes cluster and raw VMs as a single mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/integrating-vms/>Integrating Virtual Machines</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Edge Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="A variety of advanced examples for managing traffic at the edge (i.e., ingress and egress traffic) of an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/>Edge Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI passthrough for an ingress gateway." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/ingress-sni-passthrough/>Ingress Gateway without TLS Termination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to perform TLS origination for traffic to external services." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/egress-tls-origination/>TLS Origination for Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to direct traffic to external services through a dedicated gateway." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/egress-gateway/>Configure an Egress Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Egress Gateway to perform TLS origination to external services." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/egress-gateway-tls-origination/>Egress Gateway with TLS Origination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to enable egress traffic for a set of hosts in a common domain, instead of configuring each and every host separately." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/wildcard-egress-hosts/>Configure Egress Traffic using Wildcard Hosts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI monitoring and apply policies on TLS egress traffic." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/egress_sni_monitoring_and_policies/>SNI Monitoring and Policies for TLS Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to let applications use an external HTTPS proxy." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/http-proxy/>Connect to an External HTTPS Proxy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Demonstrates how to obtain Let's Encrypt TLS certificates for Kubernetes Ingress automatically using Cert-Manager." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/ingress-certmgr/>Securing Kubernetes Ingress with Cert-Manager</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Multicluster Service Mesh"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="A variety of fully working multicluster examples for Istio that you can experiment with." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/>Multicluster Service Mesh</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuring remote services in a gateway-connected multicluster mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/gateways/>Gateway-Connected Clusters</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Set up a multicluster mesh over two GKE clusters." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Example multicluster mesh over two IBM Cloud Private clusters." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/icp/>IBM Cloud Private</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Multicluster mesh between IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service and IBM Cloud Private." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/iks-icp/>IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service & IBM Cloud Private</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Leveraging Istio's Split-horizon EDS to create a multicluster mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/split-horizon-eds/>Cluster-Aware Service Routing</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card106 title="Detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters." aria-controls=card106-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#reference"/></svg>Reference</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card106 role=region id=card106-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card106><li role=treeitem aria-label=Configuration><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Detailed information on configuration options." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/>Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure HTTP/TCP routing features." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting load balancing, outlier detection, etc." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/destination-rule/>Destination Rule</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting insertion of custom Envoy filters." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/envoy-filter/>Envoy Filter</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting edge load balancer." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/gateway/>Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting service registry." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/service-entry/>Service Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting network reachability of a sidecar." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/sidecar/>Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting label/content routing, sni routing, etc." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/virtual-service/>Virtual Service</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Authorization><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio's authorization features." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/authorization/>Authorization</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the supported constraints and properties." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/authorization/constraints-and-properties/>Constraints and Properties</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Role Based Access Control." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/authorization/istio.rbac.v1alpha1/>RBAC</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the options available when installing Istio using the included Helm chart." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/installation-options/>Installation Options</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Details the Helm chart installation options differences between release-1.0 and release-1.1." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/installation-options-changes/>Installation Options Changes</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Policies and Telemetry"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio's policy and telemetry features." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/>Policies and Telemetry</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the base attribute vocabulary used for policy and control." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/attribute-vocabulary/>Attribute Vocabulary</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Mixer configuration expression language reference." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/expression-language/>Expression Language</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Adapters><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Mixer adapters allow Istio to interface to a variety of infrastructure backends for such things as metrics and logs." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/>Adapters</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Apache SkyWalking." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/apache-skywalking/>Apache SkyWalking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for Apigee's distributed policy checks and analytics." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/apigee/>Apigee</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for circonus.com's monitoring solution." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/circonus/>Circonus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for cloudmonitor metrics." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudmonitor/>CloudMonitor</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for cloudwatch metrics." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudwatch/>CloudWatch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a dogstatsd agent for delivery to DataDog." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/datadog/>Datadog</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that always returns a precondition denial." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/denier/>Denier</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that delivers logs to a Fluentd daemon." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/fluentd/>Fluentd</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that extracts information from a Kubernetes environment." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/kubernetesenv/>Kubernetes Env</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that performs whitelist or blacklist checks." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/list/>List</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for a simple in-memory quota management system." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/memquota/>Memory quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that implements an Open Policy Agent engine." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/opa/>OPA</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that exposes Istio metrics for ingestion by a Prometheus harvester." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/prometheus/>Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for a Redis-based quota management system." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/redisquota/>Redis Quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that sends metrics to SignalFx." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/signalfx/>SignalFx</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Papertrail and AppOptics backends." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/solarwinds/>SolarWinds</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver logs, metrics, and traces to Stackdriver." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stackdriver/>Stackdriver</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a StatsD backend." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/statsd/>StatsD</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to locally output logs and metrics." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stdio/>Stdio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Wavefront by VMware." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/wavefront/>Wavefront by VMware</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver tracing data to Zipkin." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Default Metrics exported from Istio through Mixer." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/metrics/>Default Metrics</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Templates><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Mixer templates are used to send data to individual adapters." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/>Templates</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single API key." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/apikey/>API Key</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Analytics template is used to dispatch runtime telemetry to Apigee." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/analytics/>Analytics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template used to represent an access control query." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/authorization/>Authorization</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/checknothing/>Check Nothing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template designed to report observed communication edges between workloads." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/edge/>Edge</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that is used to control the production of Kubernetes-specific attributes." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/kubernetes/>Kubernetes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template designed to let you perform list checking operations." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/listentry/>List Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single runtime log entry." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/logentry/>Log Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single runtime metric." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/metric/>Metric</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a quota allocation request." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/quota/>Quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/reportnothing/>Report Nothing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents an individual span within a distributed trace." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/tracespan/>Trace Span</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration state for the Mixer client library." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.mixer.v1.config.client/>Mixer Client</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the rules used to configure Mixer's policy and telemetry features." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.policy.v1beta1/>Rules</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Authentication policy for Istio services." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/istio.authentication.v1alpha1/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting the service mesh as a whole." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/istio.mesh.v1alpha1/>Service Mesh</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Commands><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes usage and options of the Istio commands and utilities." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/>Commands</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Galley provides configuration management services for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/galley/>galley</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Certificate Authority (CA)." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/istio_ca/>istio_ca</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio control interface." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/>istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Utility to trigger direct calls to Mixer's API." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/mixc/>mixc</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Mixer is Istio's abstraction on top of infrastructure backends." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/mixs/>mixs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio security per-node agent." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/node_agent/>node_agent</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot agent." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/pilot-agent/>pilot-agent</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery/>pilot-discovery</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Kubernetes webhook for automatic Istio sidecar injection." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/sidecar-injector/>sidecar-injector</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></nav></div><div class=article-container><button tabindex=-1 id=sidebar-toggler title="Toggle the navigation bar"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#pull"/></svg></button><nav aria-label=Breadcrumb><ol><li><a href=/v1.1/ title="Connect, secure, control, and observe services.">Istio</a></li><li><a href=/v1.1/docs/ title="Learn how to deploy, use, and operate Istio.">Docs</a></li><li><a href=/v1.1/docs/setup/ title="How to deploy and upgrade Istio in various environments such as Kubernetes and Consul.">Setup</a></li><li><a href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/ title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes and adding virtual machines into the mesh.">Kubernetes</a></li><li><a href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/ title="More information on additional setup tasks.">More Guides</a></li><li>Install Istio with the Istio CNI plugin</li></ol></nav><article aria-labelledby=title><div class=title-area><div><h1 id=title>Install Istio with the Istio CNI plugin</h1><p class=byline><span title="1305 words"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#clock"/></svg><span> </span>7 minute read</span></p></div></div><nav class=toc-inlined aria-label="Table of Contents"><div><hr><ol><li role=none aria-label=Prerequisites><a href=#prerequisites>Prerequisites</a><li role=none aria-label=Installation><a href=#installation>Installation</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Example: excluding specific Kubernetes namespaces"><a href=#example-excluding-specific-kubernetes-namespaces>Example: excluding specific Kubernetes namespaces</a><li role=none aria-label="Helm chart parameters"><a href=#helm-chart-parameters>Helm chart parameters</a><li role=none aria-label="Hosted Kubernetes Usage"><a href=#hosted-kubernetes-usage>Hosted Kubernetes Usage</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="GKE setup"><a href=#gke-setup>GKE setup</a></ol></li></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Sidecar injection compatibility"><a href=#sidecar-injection-compatibility>Sidecar injection compatibility</a><li role=none aria-label="Operational details"><a href=#operational-details>Operational details</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Identifying pods requiring traffic redirection"><a href=#identifying-pods-requiring-traffic-redirection>Identifying pods requiring traffic redirection</a><li role=none aria-label="Traffic redirection details"><a href=#traffic-redirection-details>Traffic redirection details</a><li role=none aria-label=Logging><a href=#logging>Logging</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Compatibility with other CNI plugins"><a href=#compatibility-with-other-cni-plugins>Compatibility with other CNI plugins</a><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol><hr></div></nav><p>Follow this flow to install, configure, and use an Istio mesh using the Istio Container Network Interface
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(<a href=https://github.com/containernetworking/cni#cni---the-container-network-interface>CNI</a>)
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plugin.</p><p>By default Istio injects an <code>initContainer</code>, <code>istio-init</code>, in pods deployed in
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the mesh. The <code>istio-init</code> container sets up the pod network traffic
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redirection to/from the Istio sidecar proxy. This requires the user or
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service-account deploying pods to the mesh to have sufficient Kubernetes RBAC
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permissions to deploy <a href=https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/security-context/#set-capabilities-for-a-container><code>NET_ADMIN</code> containers</a>.
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Requiring Istio users to have elevated Kubernetes RBAC permissions is
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problematic for some organizations’ security compliance. The Istio CNI plugin
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is a replacement for the <code>istio-init</code> container that performs the same
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networking functionality but without requiring Istio users to enable elevated
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Kubernetes RBAC permissions.</p><p>The Istio CNI plugin performs the Istio mesh pod traffic redirection in the Kubernetes pod lifecycle’s network
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setup phase, thereby removing the <a href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/requirements/><code>NET_ADMIN</code> capability requirement</a>
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for users deploying pods into the Istio mesh. The <a href=https://github.com/istio/cni>Istio CNI plugin</a>
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replaces the functionality provided by the <code>istio-init</code> container.</p><h2 id=prerequisites>Prerequisites</h2><ol><li><p>Install Kubernetes with the container runtime supporting CNI and <code>kubelet</code> configured
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with the main <a href=https://github.com/containernetworking/cni>CNI</a> plugin enabled via <code>--network-plugin=cni</code>.</p><ul><li>Kubernetes installations for AWS EKS, Azure AKS, and IBM Cloud IKS clusters have this capability.</li><li>Google Cloud GKE clusters require that the
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<a href=https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/how-to/network-policy>network-policy</a> feature
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is enabled to have Kubernetes configured with <code>network-plugin=cni</code>.</li></ul></li><li><p>Install Kubernetes with the <a href=https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/#serviceaccount>ServiceAccount admission controller</a> enabled.</p><ul><li>The Kubernetes documentation highly recommends this for all Kubernetes installations
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where <code>ServiceAccounts</code> are utilized.</li></ul></li><li><p><a href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/download/>Download the Istio release</a>.</p></li></ol><h2 id=installation>Installation</h2><ol><li><p>Determine the Kubernetes environment’s CNI plugin <code>--cni-bin-dir</code> and <code>--cni-conf-dir</code> settings.</p><ol><li>Refer to the <a href=#hosted-kubernetes-usage>Hosted Kubernetes Usage</a> section for any non-default
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settings required.</li></ol></li><li><p>Create a namespace for the Istio control-plane components:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl create namespace istio-system
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Expand the release’s compressed Istio CNI chart.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ tar -xzf install/kubernetes/helm/charts/istio-cni-*.tgz -C install/kubernetes/helm/
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Install Istio CNI.</p><ul><li><p>Option 1. Render and apply the Istio CNI Helm template.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ helm template install/kubernetes/helm/istio-cni --name=istio-cni --namespace=istio-system | kubectl apply -f -
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Option 2. Install via Helm and Tiller via <code>helm install</code>.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ helm install install/kubernetes/helm/istio-cni --name=istio-cni --namespace=istio-system
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</code></pre></li></ul><div><aside class="callout tip"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#callout-tip"/></svg></div><div class=content>Refer to the full set of <code>istio-cni</code> Helm parameters in the chart’s <a href=https://github.com/istio/cni/blob/master/deployments/kubernetes/install/helm/istio-cni/values.yaml><code>values.yaml</code></a>.</div></aside></div></li><li><p>Add the <code>--set istio_cni.enabled=true</code> setting to the <a href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/helm/>Istio Installation with Helm procedure</a> to include the installation of the Istio CNI plugin. For example:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ helm template install/kubernetes/helm/istio --name istio --namespace istio-system \
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--set istio_cni.enabled=true | kubectl apply -f -
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</code></pre></li></ol><h3 id=example-excluding-specific-kubernetes-namespaces>Example: excluding specific Kubernetes namespaces</h3><p>The following example configures the Istio CNI plugin to ignore pods in the namespaces <code>istio-system</code>,
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<code>foo_ns</code>, and <code>bar_ns</code>.</p><ol><li><p>Create an <code>istio-system</code> namespace for the Istio control-plane components.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl create namespace istio-system
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Create and apply Istio CNI manifest. Override the default configuration of the <code>istio-cni</code> Helm
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chart’s <code>logLevel</code> and <code>excludeNamespaces</code> parameters:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ helm template install/kubernetes/helm/istio-cni --name=istio-cni --namespace=istio-system \
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--set logLevel=info \
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--set excludeNamespaces={"istio-system,kube-system,foo_ns,bar_ns"} | kubectl apply -f -
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Create and apply Istio manifest with the Istio CNI plugin enabled:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ helm template install/kubernetes/helm/istio --name istio --namespace istio-system \
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--set istio_cni.enabled=true | kubectl apply -f -
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</code></pre></li></ol><h3 id=helm-chart-parameters>Helm chart parameters</h3><table><thead><tr><th>Option</th><th>Values</th><th>Default</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>hub</code></td><td></td><td></td><td>The container registry to pull the <code>install-cni</code> image.</td></tr><tr><td><code>tag</code></td><td></td><td></td><td>The container tag to use to pull the <code>install-cni</code> image.</td></tr><tr><td><code>logLevel</code></td><td><code>panic</code>, <code>fatal</code>, <code>error</code>, <code>warn</code>, <code>info</code>, <code>debug</code></td><td><code>warn</code></td><td>Logging level for CNI binary.</td></tr><tr><td><code>excludeNamespaces</code></td><td><code>[]string</code></td><td><code>[ istio-system ]</code></td><td>List of namespaces to exclude from Istio pod check.</td></tr><tr><td><code>cniBinDir</code></td><td></td><td><code>/opt/cni/bin</code></td><td>Must be the same as the environment’s <code>--cni-bin-dir</code> setting (<code>kubelet</code> parameter).</td></tr><tr><td><code>cniConfDir</code></td><td></td><td><code>/etc/cni/net.d</code></td><td>Must be the same as the environment’s <code>--cni-conf-dir</code> setting (<code>kubelet</code> parameter).</td></tr><tr><td><code>cniConfFileName</code></td><td></td><td>None</td><td>Leave unset to auto-find the first file in the <code>cni-conf-dir</code> (as <code>kubelet</code> does). Primarily used for testing <code>install-cni</code> plugin configuration. If set, <code>install-cni</code> will inject the plugin configuration into this file in the <code>cni-conf-dir</code>.</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id=hosted-kubernetes-usage>Hosted Kubernetes Usage</h3><p>Not all hosted Kubernetes clusters are created with the <code>kubelet</code> configured to use the CNI plugin so
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compatibility with this <code>istio-cni</code> solution is not ubiquitous. The <code>istio-cni</code> plugin is expected
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to work with any hosted Kubernetes leveraging CNI plugins. The below table indicates the known CNI status
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of many common Kubernetes environments.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Hosted Cluster Type</th><th>Uses CNI</th><th>Required Non-default settings</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>GKE 1.9+ default</td><td>N</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>GKE 1.9+ w/ <a href=https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/how-to/network-policy>network-policy</a></td><td>Y</td><td><code>istio-cni.cniBinDir=/home/kubernetes/bin</code></td></tr><tr><td>IKS (IBM cloud)</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>EKS (AWS)</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>AKS (Azure)</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Red Hat OpenShift 3.10+</td><td>Y</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><h4 id=gke-setup>GKE setup</h4><ol><li><p>Refer to the procedure to <a href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/gke/>prepare a GKE cluster for Istio</a> and
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enable <a href=https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/how-to/network-policy>network-policy</a> in your cluster.</p><ul><li>Note for existing clusters this redeploys the nodes.</li></ul></li><li><p>Install Istio CNI via Helm including this option
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<code>--set cniBinDir=/home/kubernetes/bin</code>. For example, the following <code>helm install</code>
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command sets the <code>cniBinDir</code> value for GKE setups:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ helm install install/kubernetes/helm/istio-cni --name=istio-cni --namespace=istio-system --set cniBinDir=/home/kubernetes/bin
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</code></pre></li></ol><h2 id=sidecar-injection-compatibility>Sidecar injection compatibility</h2><p>The use of the Istio CNI plugin requires Kubernetes pods to be deployed with a sidecar injection method
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that uses the <code>istio-sidecar-injector</code> configmap created from the Helm installation with the
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<code>istio_cni.enabled=true</code>. Refer to <a href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/>Istio sidecar injection</a>
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for details about Istio sidecar injection methods.</p><p>The following sidecar injection methods are supported for use with the Istio CNI plugin:</p><ol><li><a href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/#automatic-sidecar-injection>Automatic sidecar injection</a></li><li><p>Manual sidecar injection with the <code>istio-sidecar-injector</code> configmap</p><ol><li><p><code>istioctl kube-inject</code> using the configmap directly:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ istioctl kube-inject -f deployment.yaml -o deployment-injected.yaml --injectConfigMapName istio-sidecar-injector
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$ kubectl apply -f deployment-injected.yaml
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</code></pre></li><li><p><code>istioctl kube-inject</code> using a file created from the configmap:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl -n istio-system get configmap istio-sidecar-injector -o=jsonpath='{.data.config}' > inject-config.yaml
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$ istioctl kube-inject -f deployment.yaml -o deployment-injected.yaml --injectConfigFile inject-config.yaml
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$ kubectl apply -f deployment-injected.yaml
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</code></pre></li></ol></li></ol><h2 id=operational-details>Operational details</h2><p>The Istio CNI plugin handles Kubernetes pod create and delete events and does the following:</p><ol><li>Identify Istio user application pods with Istio sidecars requiring traffic redirection</li><li>Perform pod network namespace configuration to redirect traffic to/from the Istio sidecar</li></ol><h3 id=identifying-pods-requiring-traffic-redirection>Identifying pods requiring traffic redirection</h3><p>The Istio CNI plugin identifies pods requiring traffic redirection to/from the
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accompanying Istio proxy sidecar by checking that the pod meets all of the following conditions:</p><ol><li>The pod is NOT in a Kubernetes namespace in the configured <code>exclude_namespaces</code> list.</li><li>The pod has a container named <code>istio-proxy</code>.</li><li>The pod has more than 1 container.</li><li>The pod has no annotation with key <code>sidecar.istio.io/inject</code> OR the value of the annotation is <code>true</code>.</li></ol><h3 id=traffic-redirection-details>Traffic redirection details</h3><p>To redirect traffic in the application pod’s network namespace to/from the Istio proxy sidecar, the Istio
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CNI plugin configures the namespace’s iptables. The following table describes the parameters to the
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redirect functionality. The default values for the parameters are able to be overridden by setting the
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corresponding application pod annotation key.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Annotation Key</th><th>Values</th><th>Default</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>sidecar.istio.io/interceptionMode</code></td><td><code>REDIRECT</code>, <code>TPROXY</code></td><td><code>REDIRECT</code></td><td>The iptables redirect mode to use.</td></tr><tr><td><code>traffic.sidecar.istio.io/includeOutboundIPRanges</code></td><td><code><IPCidr1>,<IPCidr2>,...</code></td><td>“*”</td><td>Optional comma separated list of IP ranges in CIDR form to redirect to the sidecar proxy. The default value of “*” redirects all traffic.</td></tr><tr><td><code>traffic.sidecar.istio.io/excludeOutboundIPRanges</code></td><td><code><IPCidr1>,<IPCidr2>,...</code></td><td></td><td>Optional comma separated list of IP ranges in CIDR form to be excluded from redirection. Only applies when <code>includeOutboundIPRanges</code> is “*“.</td></tr><tr><td><code>traffic.sidecar.istio.io/includeInboundPorts</code></td><td><code><port1>,<port2>,...</code></td><td>Pod’s list of <code>containerPorts</code></td><td>Comma separated list of inbound ports for which traffic is to be redirected to the Istio proxy sidecar. The value of “*” redirects all ports.</td></tr><tr><td><code>traffic.sidecar.istio.io/excludeInboundPorts</code></td><td><code><port1>,<port2>,...</code></td><td></td><td>Comma separated list of inbound ports to be excluded from redirection to the Istio sidecar proxy. Only valid when <code>includeInboundPorts</code> is “*“.</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id=logging>Logging</h3><p>The Istio CNI plugin is run by the container runtime process space, and, therefore, the log entries are added within
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the <code>kubelet</code> process.</p><h2 id=compatibility-with-other-cni-plugins>Compatibility with other CNI plugins</h2><p>The Istio CNI plugin maintains compatibility with the same set of CNI plugins as the current <code>NET_ADMIN</code>
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<code>istio-init</code> container.</p><p>The Istio CNI plugin operates as a chained CNI plugin. This means its configuration is added to the existing
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CNI plugins configuration as a new configuration list element. See the
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<a href=https://github.com/containernetworking/cni/blob/master/SPEC.md#network-configuration-lists>CNI specification reference</a> for further details.
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When a pod is created or deleted, the container runtime invokes each plugin in the list in order. The Istio
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CNI plugin only performs actions to setup the application pod’s traffic redirection to the injected Istio proxy
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sidecar (using <code>iptables</code> in the pod’s network namespace).</p><div><aside class="callout warning"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#callout-warning"/></svg></div><div class=content>This <em>should</em> have no effect on the operations performed by the base CNI plugin configuring the pod’s networking setup, although not all CNI’s have been validated.</div></aside></div><nav id=see-also><h2>See also</h2><div class=see-also><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/helm/>Customizable Install with Helm</a></p><p class=desc>Instructions to install Istio using a Helm chart.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/installation-options/>Installation Options</a></p><p class=desc>Describes the options available when installing Istio using the included Helm chart.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/installation-options-changes/>Installation Options Changes</a></p><p class=desc>Details the Helm chart installation options differences between release-1.0 and release-1.1.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/>Installing the Sidecar</a></p><p class=desc>Install the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/requirements/>Pods and Services</a></p><p class=desc>Prepare your Kubernetes pods and services to run in an Istio-enabled cluster.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/blog/2019/data-plane-setup/>Demystifying Istio's Sidecar Injection Model</a></p><p class=desc>De-mystify how Istio manages to plugin its data-plane components into an existing deployment.</p></div></div></nav></article><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="Install the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>Installing the Sidecar</a></div><div class=right><a title="Integrate VMs and bare metal hosts into an Istio mesh deployed on Kubernetes." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/mesh-expansion/>Mesh Expansion<svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#right-arrow"/></svg></a></div></nav><div id=endnotes-container aria-hidden=true><h2>Links</h2><ol id=endnotes></ol></div></div><div class=toc-container><nav class=toc aria-label="Table of Contents"><div id=toc><ol><li role=none aria-label=Prerequisites><a href=#prerequisites>Prerequisites</a><li role=none aria-label=Installation><a href=#installation>Installation</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Example: excluding specific Kubernetes namespaces"><a href=#example-excluding-specific-kubernetes-namespaces>Example: excluding specific Kubernetes namespaces</a><li role=none aria-label="Helm chart parameters"><a href=#helm-chart-parameters>Helm chart parameters</a><li role=none aria-label="Hosted Kubernetes Usage"><a href=#hosted-kubernetes-usage>Hosted Kubernetes Usage</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="GKE setup"><a href=#gke-setup>GKE setup</a></ol></li></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Sidecar injection compatibility"><a href=#sidecar-injection-compatibility>Sidecar injection compatibility</a><li role=none aria-label="Operational details"><a href=#operational-details>Operational details</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Identifying pods requiring traffic redirection"><a href=#identifying-pods-requiring-traffic-redirection>Identifying pods requiring traffic redirection</a><li role=none aria-label="Traffic redirection details"><a href=#traffic-redirection-details>Traffic redirection details</a><li role=none aria-label=Logging><a href=#logging>Logging</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Compatibility with other CNI plugins"><a href=#compatibility-with-other-cni-plugins>Compatibility with other CNI plugins</a><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol></div></nav></div></main><footer><div class=user-links><a class=channel title="Go download Istio 1.1.9 now" href=https://github.com/istio/istio/releases/tag/1.1.9 aria-label="Download Istio"><span>download</span><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#download"/></svg>
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