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<a href=/v1.10/zh/docs/setup/getting-started class="btn btn--primary" id=try-istio>试用 Istio</a></div></div><form id=search-form class=search name=cse role=search><input type=hidden name=cx value=002184991200833970123:iwwf17ikgf4>
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<input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8>
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<input type=hidden name=hl value=zh>
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<input type=hidden id=search-page-url value=/zh/search>
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<input id=search-textbox class="search-textbox form-control" name=q type=search aria-label="搜索 istio.io" placeholder=搜索>
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<button id=search-close title=取消搜索 type=reset aria-label=取消搜索><svg class="icon menu-close"><use xlink:href="/v1.10/img/icons.svg#menu-close"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><div class=banner-container></div><article class=post itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/BlogPosting><div class=header-content><h1>通过 Stackdriver 将日志导出到 BigQuery、GCS、Pub/Sub</h1><p>如何通过 Stackdriver 将 Istio 访问日志导出到 BigQuery、GCS、Pub/Sub 等不同的接收器。</p></div><p class=post-author>Jul 9, 2018 <span>|</span> By Nupur Garg and Douglas Reid</p><div><p>这篇文章展示了如何将 Istio 日志指向 <a href=https://cloud.google.com/stackdriver/><code>Stackdriver</code></a> 并将这些日志导出到各种配置的接收器，例如 <a href=https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/><code>BigQuery</code></a>、<a href=https://cloud.google.com/storage/><code>Google Cloud Storage(GCS)</code></a> 或 <a href=https://cloud.google.com/pubsub/><code>Cloud Pub/Sub</code></a>。在这篇文章的最后，可以从喜欢的地方（如 BigQuery、GCS 或 Cloud Pub/Sub）对 Istio 数据进行分析。</p><p><a href=/v1.10/zh/docs/examples/bookinfo/><code>Bookinfo</code></a> 示例应用程序在整个任务中用作示例应用程序。</p><h2 id=before-you-begin>开始之前</h2><p>在集群中 <a href=/v1.10/zh/docs/setup/><code>安装 Istio</code></a> 并部署应用程序。</p><h2 id=configuring-Istio-to-export-logs>配置 Istio 导出日志</h2><p>Istio 使用 <code>logentry</code> <a href=/v1.10/zh/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/logentry><code>模板</code></a> 导出日志。这里指定了可用于分析的所有变量。它包含源服务、目标服务、<code>auth</code> 指标（即将实现……）等信息。以下是示意图：</p><figure style=width:75%><div class=wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio style=padding-bottom:75%><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.10/zh/blog/2018/export-logs-through-stackdriver/istio-analytics-using-stackdriver.png title="导出日志到 Stackdriver 进行分析的图释"><img class=element-to-stretch src=/v1.10/zh/blog/2018/export-logs-through-stackdriver/istio-analytics-using-stackdriver.png alt="导出日志到 Stackdriver 进行分析的图释"></a></div><figcaption>导出日志到 Stackdriver 进行分析的图释</figcaption></figure><p>Istio 支持将日志导出到 Stackdriver，而 Stackdriver 又可以配置为将日志导出到喜欢的接收器，如 BigQuery、Pub/Sub 或 GCS。请按照以下步骤设置喜欢的接收器，首先导出日志，然后在 Istio 中使用 Stackdriver。</p><h3 id=setting-up-various-log-sinks>设置各种日志接收器</h3><p>所有接收器的通用设置：</p><ol><li>为项目启用 <a href=https://cloud.google.com/monitoring/api/enable-api><code>Stackdriver Monitoring API</code></a> 。</li><li>确保配置的接收器的 <code>principalEmail</code> 具有对项目写入的权限和日志管理员角色的权限。</li><li>确保已设置 <code>GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS</code> 环境变量。请按照 <a href=https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/getting-started><code>此处</code></a> 的说明进行设置。</li></ol><h4 id=big-query>BigQuery</h4><ol><li><a href=https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/datasets><code>创建 BigQuery 数据集</code></a> 作为日志导出的目标。</li><li>记录数据集的 ID。这里需要设置 Stackdriver 处理程序。它的格式为 <code>bigquery.googleapis.com/projects/[PROJECT_ID]/datasets/[DATASET_ID]</code></li><li>给 <a href=https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/api/tasks/exporting-logs#writing_to_the_destination><code>接收器授权</code></a>：cloud-logs@system.gserviceaccount.com。它具有 IAM 中的 BigQuery Data Editor 的角色。</li><li>如果使用 <a href=/v1.10/zh/docs/setup/platform-setup/gke/><code>Google Kubernetes Engine</code></a>，请确保在集群上启用了 <code>bigquery</code> <a href=https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/container/clusters/create><code>Scope</code></a>。</li></ol><h4 id=google-cloud-storage>Google Cloud Storage (GCS)</h4><ol><li><a href=https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/creating-buckets><code>创建 GCS 存储桶</code></a>，希望导出日志到 GCS 中。</li><li>记录存储桶的 ID。这里需要配置 Stackdriver。它的形式为 <code>storage.googleapis.com/[BUCKET_ID]</code>。</li><li>给 <a href=https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/api/tasks/exporting-logs#writing_to_the_destination><code>接收器授权</code></a>：<code>cloud-logs @ system.gserviceaccount.com</code>。它具有 IAM 中的 Storage Object Creator 的角色。</li></ol><h4 id=google-cloud-pub-sub>Google Cloud Pub/Sub</h4><ol><li><a href=https://cloud.google.com/pubsub/docs/admin><code>创建主题</code></a>，希望导出日志到 Google Cloud Pub/Sub 中。</li><li>记录主题的 ID。这里需要配置 Stackdriver。它的形式为<code>pubsub.googleapis.com/projects/[PROJECT_ID]/topics/[TOPIC_ID]</code>。</li><li>给 <a href=https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/api/tasks/exporting-logs#writing_to_the_destination><code>接收器授权</code></a>：<code>cloud-logs @ system.gserviceaccount.com</code>。它具有 IAM 中的 Pub/Sub Publisher 角色。</li><li>如果使用 <a href=/v1.10/zh/docs/setup/platform-setup/gke/><code>Google Kubernetes Engine</code></a>，请确保在集群中启动了 <code>pubsub</code> <a href=https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/container/clusters/create><code>Scope</code></a>。</li></ol><h3 id=setting-up-stack-driver>设置 Stackdriver</h3><p>必须创建 Stackdriver 处理程序，将数据导出到 Stackdriver。Stackdriver 处理程序的配置在 <a href=/v1.10/zh/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stackdriver/><code>此处</code></a> 描述。</p><ol><li><p>保存如下的 yaml 文件为 <code>stackdriver.yaml</code> 。并替换 <code><project_id>,
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<sink_id>, <sink_destination>, <log_filter></code> 为相应的值。</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>apiVersion: "config.istio.io/v1alpha2"
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kind: stackdriver
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metadata:
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name: handler
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namespace: istio-system
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spec:
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# 设置 pushInterval 值。默认值是每分钟一次，不设置使用默认值。
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# pushInterval: 1m
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# 必须设置 Stacldriver 适配器 project_id 的值。
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project_id: "<project_id>"
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# apiCredentials 和 apiKey 必须设置之一；首选方法是`appCredentials`，它对应于 Google 应用程序默认凭据。
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# 如果没有提供，我们使用默认应用凭据。
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# appCredentials:
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# apiKey:
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# serviceAccountPath:
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# 描述如何将 Istio 日志映射到 Stackdriver。
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logInfo:
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accesslog.logentry.istio-system:
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payloadTemplate: '{{or (.sourceIp) "-"}} - {{or (.sourceUser) "-"}} [{{or (.timestamp.Format "02/Jan/2006:15:04:05 -0700") "-"}}] "{{or (.method) "-"}} {{or (.url) "-"}} {{or (.protocol) "-"}}" {{or (.responseCode) "-"}} {{or (.responseSize) "-"}}'
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httpMapping:
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url: url
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status: responseCode
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requestSize: requestSize
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responseSize: responseSize
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latency: latency
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localIp: sourceIp
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remoteIp: destinationIp
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method: method
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userAgent: userAgent
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referer: referer
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labelNames:
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- sourceIp
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- destinationIp
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- sourceService
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- sourceUser
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- sourceNamespace
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- destinationIp
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- destinationService
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- destinationNamespace
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- apiClaims
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- apiKey
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- protocol
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- method
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- url
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- responseCode
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- responseSize
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- requestSize
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- latency
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- connectionMtls
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- userAgent
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- responseTimestamp
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- receivedBytes
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- sentBytes
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- referer
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sinkInfo:
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id: '<sink_id>'
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destination: '<sink_destination>'
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filter: '<log_filter>'
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---
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apiVersion: "config.istio.io/v1alpha2"
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kind: rule
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metadata:
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name: stackdriver
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namespace: istio-system
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spec:
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match: "true" # 缺省 match 为 true
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actions:
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- handler: handler.stackdriver
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instances:
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- accesslog.logentry
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---
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</code></pre></li><li><p>创建配置</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply -f stackdriver.yaml
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stackdriver "handler" created
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rule "stackdriver" created
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logentry "stackdriverglobalmr" created
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metric "stackdriverrequestcount" created
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metric "stackdriverrequestduration" created
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metric "stackdriverrequestsize" created
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metric "stackdriverresponsesize" created
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</code></pre></li><li><p>访问示例应用程序。
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对于 <code>Bookinfo</code> 示例，请使用浏览器访问 <code>http://$GATEWAY_URL/productpage</code> 或发出以下命令：</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ curl http://$GATEWAY_URL/productpage
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</code></pre></li><li><p>验证日志是否正在通过 Stackdriver 流向配置的接收器。</p></li></ol><ul><li>Stackdriver：导航到项目的 <a href=https://pantheon.corp.google.com/logs/viewer><code>Stackdriver Logs Viewer</code></a>，查看 “GKE Container” -> “Cluster Name” -> “Namespace Id”，查看 Istio 访问日志。</li><li>BigQuery：导航到项目的 <a href=https://bigquery.cloud.google.com/><code>BigQuery Interface</code></a>，在接收器的数据集中找到一个前缀为 <code>accesslog_logentry_istio</code> 的表。</li><li>GCS：导航到项目的 <a href=https://pantheon.corp.google.com/storage/browser/><code>Storage Brower</code></a>，在接收器的桶中找到一个名为 <code>accesslog.logentry.istio-system</code> 的桶。</li><li>Pub/Sub：导航到项目的 <a href=https://pantheon.corp.google.com/cloudpubsub/topicList><code>Pub/Sub 主题列表</code></a>，在接收器的主题中找到 <code>accesslog</code> 主题。</li></ul><h2 id=understanding-what-happened>了解发生了什么</h2><p>上面的 <code>Stackdriver.yaml</code> 文件配置了 Istio 将访问日志发送到 Stackdriver，然后添加了一个接收器配置，将日志导出。具体如下：</p><ol><li><p>添加一个 <code>stackdriver</code> 类型的处理程序：</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>apiVersion: "config.istio.io/v1alpha2"
|
||
kind: stackdriver
|
||
metadata:
|
||
name: handler
|
||
namespace: <your defined namespace>
|
||
</code></pre></li><li><p>在 <code>spec</code> 上增加 <code>logInfo</code></p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>spec:
|
||
logInfo: accesslog.logentry.istio-system:
|
||
labelNames:
|
||
- sourceIp
|
||
- destinationIp
|
||
...
|
||
...
|
||
sinkInfo:
|
||
id: '<sink_id>'
|
||
destination: '<sink_destination>'
|
||
filter: '<log_filter>'
|
||
</code></pre></li></ol><p>在上面的配置中，sinkInfo 包含有关日志导出到所需接收器的信息。有关如何填写不同接收器的更多信息，请参阅 <a href=https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/export/#sink-terms><code>此处</code></a>。
|
||
|
||
1. 为 Stackdriver 添加规则</p><pre><code><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>apiVersion: "config.istio.io/v1alpha2"
|
||
kind: rule
|
||
metadata:
|
||
name: stackdriver
|
||
namespace: istio-system spec:
|
||
match: "true" # 缺省 match 为 true
|
||
actions:
|
||
- handler: handler.stackdriver
|
||
instances:
|
||
- accesslog.logentry
|
||
</code></pre></code></pre><h2 id=cleanup>清理</h2><ul><li><p>删除新的 Stackdriver 配置：</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl delete -f stackdriver.yaml
|
||
</code></pre></li><li><p>如果不打算任何后续任务，请参阅 <a href=/v1.10/zh/docs/examples/bookinfo/#cleanup><code>Bookinfo cleanup</code></a> 指令关闭应用程序。</p></li></ul><h2 id=availability-of-logs-in-export-sinks>日志导出的可用性</h2><p>导出到 BigQuery 只需几分钟（可以认为是瞬间完成的），不过 GCS 要延迟 2 至 12 小时，而 Pub/Sub 则几乎没有延迟。</p></div><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="描述 Istio 的授权功能以及如何在各种用例中使用它。" href=/v1.10/zh/blog/2018/istio-authorization/ class=next-link><svg class="icon left-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.10/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>基于 Istio 授权的 Micro-Segmentation</a></div><div class=right><a title="描述如何配置 Istio 进行 HTTP Egress 流量监控和访问策略。" href=/v1.10/zh/blog/2018/egress-monitoring-access-control/ class=next-link>HTTP Egress 流量监控和访问策略<svg class="icon right-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.10/img/icons.svg#right-arrow"/></svg></a></div></nav></article><footer class=footer><div class="footer-wrapper container-l"><div class="user-links footer-links"><a class=channel title="Istio 的代码在 GitHub 上开发" 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