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<button id=search-close title="Cancel search" type=reset aria-label="Cancel search"><svg class="icon menu-close"><use xlink:href="/v1.13/img/icons.svg#menu-close"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><div class=banner-container></div><article class=post itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/BlogPosting><div class=header-content><h1>Introducing the Istio Operator</h1><p>Introduction to Istio's new operator-based installation and control plane management feature.</p></div><p class=post-author>Nov 14, 2019 <span>|</span> By Martin Ostrowski - Google, Frank Budinsky - IBM</p><div><p>Kubernetes <a href=https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/operator/>operators</a> provide
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a pattern for encoding human operational knowledge in software and are a popular way to simplify
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the administration of software infrastructure components. Istio is a natural candidate for an automated
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operator as it is challenging to administer.</p><p>Up until now, <a href=https://github.com/helm/helm>Helm</a> has been the primary tool to install and upgrade Istio.
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Istio 1.4 introduces a new method of <a href=/v1.13/docs/setup/install/istioctl/>installation using istioctl</a>.
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This new installation method builds on the strengths of Helm with the addition of the
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following:</p><ul><li>Users only need to install one tool: <code>istioctl</code></li><li>All API fields are validated</li><li>Small customizations not in the API don’t require chart or API changes</li><li>Version specific upgrade hooks can be easily and robustly implemented</li></ul><p>The <a href=https://archive.istio.io/1.4/docs/setup/install/helm/>Helm installation</a> method is in the process of deprecation. Upgrading from Istio
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1.4 with a version not initially installed with Helm will also be replaced by a new
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<a href=https://archive.istio.io/v1.4/docs/setup/upgrade/istioctl-upgrade/>istioctl upgrade feature</a>.</p><p>The new <code>istioctl</code> installation commands use a
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<a href=https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/>custom resource</a>
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to configure the installation. The custom resource is part of a new Istio operator
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implementation intended to simplify the common administrative tasks of installation, upgrade,
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and complex configuration changes for Istio. Validation and checking for installation and upgrade
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is tightly integrated with the tools to prevent common errors and simplify troubleshooting.</p><h2 id=the-operator-api>The Operator API</h2><p>Every operator implementation requires a
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<a href=https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/#customresourcedefinitions>custom resource definition (CRD)</a>
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to define its custom resource, that is, its API. Istio’s operator API is defined by the
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<a href=https://archive.istio.io/v1.4/docs/reference/config/istio.operator.v1alpha12.pb/><code>IstioControlPlane</code> CRD</a>,
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which is generated from an
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<a href=https://github.com/istio/operator/blob/release-1.4/pkg/apis/istio/v1alpha2/istiocontrolplane_types.proto><code>IstioControlPlane</code> proto</a>.
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The API supports all of Istio’s current <a href=/v1.13/docs/setup/additional-setup/config-profiles/>configuration profiles</a>
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using a single field to select the profile. For example, the following <code>IstioControlPlane</code> resource
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configures Istio using the <code>demo</code> profile:</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha2
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kind: IstioControlPlane
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metadata:
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namespace: istio-operator
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name: example-istiocontrolplane
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spec:
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profile: demo
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</code></pre><p>You can then customize the configuration with additional settings. For example, to disable telemetry:</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha2
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kind: IstioControlPlane
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metadata:
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namespace: istio-operator
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name: example-istiocontrolplane
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spec:
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profile: demo
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telemetry:
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enabled: false
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</code></pre><h2 id=installing-with-hahahugoshortcode-s4-hbhb>Installing with istioctl</h2><p>The recommended way to use the Istio operator API is through a new set of <code>istioctl</code> commands.
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For example, to install Istio into a cluster:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl manifest apply -f <your-istiocontrolplane-customresource>
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</code></pre><p>Make changes to the installation configuration by editing the configuration file and executing
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<code>istioctl manifest apply</code> again.</p><p>To upgrade to a new version of Istio:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl x upgrade -f <your-istiocontrolplane-config-changes>
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</code></pre><p>In addition to specifying the complete configuration in an <code>IstioControlPlane</code> resource,
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the <code>istioctl</code> commands can also be passed individual settings using a <code>--set</code> flag:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl manifest apply --set telemetry.enabled=false
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</code></pre><p>There are also a number of other <code>istioctl</code> commands that, for example, help you list, display,
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and compare configuration profiles and manifests.</p><p>Refer to the Istio <a href=/v1.13/docs/setup/install/istioctl>install instructions</a> for more details.</p><h2 id=istio-controller-alpha>Istio Controller (alpha)</h2><p>Operator implementations use a Kubernetes controller to continuously monitor their custom resource
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and apply the corresponding configuration changes. The Istio controller monitors an <code>IstioControlPlane</code>
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resource and reacts to changes by updating the Istio installation configuration in the corresponding cluster.</p><p>In the 1.4 release, the Istio controller is in the alpha phase of development and not fully
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integrated with <code>istioctl</code>. It is, however,
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<a href=/v1.13/docs/setup/install/operator/>available for experimentation</a> using <code>kubectl</code> commands.
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For example, to install the controller and a default version of Istio into your cluster,
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run the following command:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply -f https://<repo URL>/operator.yaml
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$ kubectl apply -f https://<repo URL>/default-cr.yaml
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</code></pre><p>You can then make changes to the Istio installation configuration:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl edit istiocontrolplane example-istiocontrolplane -n istio-system
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</code></pre><p>As soon as the resource is updated, the controller will detect the changes and respond by updating
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the Istio installation correspondingly.</p><p>Both the operator controller and <code>istioctl</code> commands share the same implementation. The significant
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difference is the execution context. In the <code>istioctl</code> case, the operation runs in the admin user’s
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command execution and security context. In the controller case, a pod in the cluster runs the code
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in its security context. In both cases, configuration is validated against a schema and the same correctness
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checks are performed.</p><h2 id=migration-from-helm>Migration from Helm</h2><p>To help ease the transition from previous configurations using Helm,
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<code>istioctl</code> and the controller support pass-through access for the full Helm installation API.</p><p>You can pass Helm configuration options using <code>istioctl --set</code> by prepending the string <code>values.</code> to the option name.
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For example, instead of this Helm command:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ helm template ... --set global.mtls.enabled=true
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</code></pre><p>You can use this <code>istioctl</code> command:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl manifest generate ... --set values.global.mtls.enabled=true
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</code></pre><p>You can also set Helm configuration values in an <code>IstioControlPlane</code> custom resource.
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See <a href=/v1.13/docs/setup/install/istioctl/#customize-istio-settings-using-the-helm-api>Customize Istio settings using Helm</a>
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for details.</p><p>Another feature to help with the transition from Helm is the alpha
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<a href=/v1.13/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/#istioctl-manifest-migrate>istioctl manifest migrate</a> command.
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This command can be used to automatically convert a Helm <code>values.yaml</code> file to a corresponding
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<code>IstioControlPlane</code> configuration.</p><h2 id=implementation>Implementation</h2><p>Several frameworks have been created to help implement operators by generating stubs for some or all of
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the components. The Istio operator was created with the help of a combination of
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<a href=https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubebuilder>kubebuilder</a> and
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<a href=https://github.com/operator-framework>operator framework</a>. Istio’s installation now uses a proto to
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describe the API such that runtime validation can be executed against a schema.</p><p>More information about the implementation can be found in the README and ARCHITECTURE documents
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in the <a href=https://github.com/istio/operator>Istio operator repository</a>.</p><h2 id=summary>Summary</h2><p>Starting in Istio 1.4, Helm installation is being replaced by new <code>istioctl</code> commands using
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a new operator custom resource definition, <code>IstioControlPlane</code>, for the configuration API.
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An alpha controller is also available for early experimentation with the operator.</p><p>The new <code>istioctl</code> commands and operator controller both validate configuration schemas and perform a range of
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checks for installation change or upgrade. These checks are tightly integrated with the tools to prevent
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common errors and simplify troubleshooting.</p><p>The Istio maintainers expect that this new approach will improve the user experience during Istio
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installation and upgrade, better stabilize the installation API, and help users better manage and
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monitor their Istio installations.</p><p>We welcome your feedback about the new installation approach at <a href=https://discuss.istio.io/>discuss.istio.io</a>.</p></div><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="Analyze your Istio configuration to detect potential issues and get general insights." href=/v1.13/blog/2019/introducing-istioctl-analyze/ class=next-link><svg class="icon left-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.13/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>Introducing istioctl analyze</a></div><div class=right><a title="Introduction, motivation and design principles for the Istio v1beta1 Authorization Policy." href=/v1.13/blog/2019/v1beta1-authorization-policy/ class=next-link>Introducing the Istio v1beta1 Authorization Policy<svg class="icon right-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.13/img/icons.svg#right-arrow"/></svg></a></div></nav></article><footer class=footer><div class="footer-wrapper container-l"><div class="user-links footer-links"><a class=channel title="GitHub is where development takes 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