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OpenShift cluster for Istio." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/platform-setup/openshift/>OpenShift</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to prepare a cluster for Istio using Oracle Container Engine for Kubernetes (OKE)." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/platform-setup/oci/>Oracle Cloud Infrastructure</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup Istio quickly in Tencent Cloud." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/platform-setup/tencent-cloud-mesh/>Tencent Cloud</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Install><button class=show aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Choose the guide that best suits your needs and platform." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/install/>Install</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and customize any Istio configuration profile for in-depth evaluation or production use." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/install/istioctl/>Install with Istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and configure Istio for in-depth evaluation." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/install/helm/>Install with Helm</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Install Multicluster"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/install/multicluster/>Install Multicluster</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Initial steps before installing Istio on multiple clusters." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/install/multicluster/before-you-begin/>Before you begin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple primary clusters." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/install/multicluster/multi-primary/>Install Multi-Primary</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across primary and remote clusters." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/install/multicluster/primary-remote/>Install Primary-Remote</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple primary clusters on different networks." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/install/multicluster/multi-primary_multi-network/>Install Multi-Primary on different networks</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across primary and remote clusters on different networks." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/install/multicluster/primary-remote_multi-network/>Install Primary-Remote on different networks</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Verify that Istio has been installed properly on multiple clusters." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/install/multicluster/verify/>Verify the installation</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install Istio with an external control plane and a remote cluster data plane." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/install/external-controlplane/>Install Istio with an External Control Plane</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploy Istio and connect a workload running within a virtual machine to it." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/install/virtual-machine/>Virtual Machine Installation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio in a Kubernetes cluster using the Istio operator (Beta)" href=/v1.14/docs/setup/install/operator/>Istio Operator Install *</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Upgrade><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Upgrade, downgrade, and manage Istio accross multiple control plane revisions." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/upgrade/>Upgrade</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Upgrade Istio by first running a canary deployment of a new control plane." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/upgrade/canary/>Canary Upgrades</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Upgrade or downgrade Istio in place." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/upgrade/in-place/>In-place Upgrades</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Upgrade and configure Istio for in-depth evaluation." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/upgrade/helm/>Upgrade with Helm</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="More Guides"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="More information on additional setup tasks." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/additional-setup/>More Guides</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the built-in Istio installation configuration profiles." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/additional-setup/config-profiles/>Installation Configuration Profiles</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and customize Istio Gateways." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/additional-setup/gateway/>Installing Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/>Installing the Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to customize installation configuration options when installing with helm." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/additional-setup/customize-installation-helm/>Advanced Helm Chart Customization</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to customize installation configuration options." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/additional-setup/customize-installation/>Customizing the installation configuration</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and use Istio with the Istio CNI plugin, allowing operators to deploy services with lower privilege." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/additional-setup/cni/>Install Istio with the Istio CNI plugin</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Tasks><a class=main title="How to do single specific targeted activities with the Istio system." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/>Tasks</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Tasks that demonstrate Istio's traffic routing features." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing to multiple versions of a microservice." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing/>Request Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to inject faults to test the resiliency of your application." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection/>Fault Injection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting/>Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate TCP traffic from an old to new version of a TCP service." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/tcp-traffic-shifting/>TCP Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts/>Request Timeouts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure circuit breaking for connections, requests, and outlier detection." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking/>Circuit Breaking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task demonstrates the traffic mirroring/shadowing capabilities of Istio." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring/>Mirroring</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Locality Load Balancing"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="This series of tasks demonstrate how to configure locality load balancing in Istio." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/locality-load-balancing/>Locality Load Balancing</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Initial steps before configuring locality load balancing." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/locality-load-balancing/before-you-begin/>Before you begin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task demonstrates how to configure your mesh for locality failover." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/locality-load-balancing/failover/>Locality failover</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This guide demonstrates how to configure locality distribution." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/locality-load-balancing/distribute/>Locality weighted distribution</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Cleanup steps for locality load balancing." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/locality-load-balancing/cleanup/>Cleanup</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Ingress><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Controlling ingress traffic for an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/>Ingress</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Istio gateway to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-control/>Ingress Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Expose a service outside of the service mesh over TLS or mTLS." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/secure-ingress/>Secure Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI passthrough for an ingress gateway." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-sni-passthrough/>Ingress Gateway without TLS Termination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure a Kubernetes Ingress object to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/kubernetes-ingress/>Kubernetes Ingress</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure the Kubernetes Gateway API with Istio." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/gateway-api/>Kubernetes Gateway API</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Egress><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Controlling egress traffic for an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/>Egress</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-control/>Accessing External Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to perform TLS origination for traffic to external services." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-tls-origination/>Egress TLS Origination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to direct traffic to external services through a dedicated gateway." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-gateway/>Egress Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Egress Gateway to perform TLS origination to external services." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-gateway-tls-origination/>Egress Gateways with TLS Origination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to enable egress traffic for a set of hosts in a common domain, instead of configuring each and every host separately." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/wildcard-egress-hosts/>Egress using Wildcard Hosts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to configure Istio for Kubernetes External Services." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-kubernetes-services/>Kubernetes Services for Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to let applications use an external HTTPS proxy." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/http-proxy/>Using an External HTTPS Proxy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Demonstrates how to secure the mesh." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label="Certificate Management"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Management of the certificates in Istio." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/security/cert-management/>Certificate Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how system administrators can configure Istio's CA with a root certificate, signing certificate and key." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/security/cert-management/plugin-ca-cert/>Plug in CA Certificates</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to use a Custom Certificate Authority (that integrates with the Kubernetes CSR API) to provision Istio workload certificates (Experimental)" href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/security/cert-management/custom-ca-k8s/>Custom CA Integration using Kubernetes CSR *</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Authentication><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Controlling mutual TLS and end-user authentication for mesh services." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/security/authentication/>Authentication</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use Istio authentication policy to setup mutual TLS and basic end-user authentication." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/security/authentication/authn-policy/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use Istio authentication policy to route requests based on JWT claims (Experimental)" href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/security/authentication/jwt-route/>JWT claim based routing *</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to incrementally migrate your Istio services to mutual TLS." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/security/authentication/mtls-migration/>Mutual TLS Migration</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Authorization><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Shows how to control access to Istio services." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/security/authorization/>Authorization</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up access control for HTTP traffic." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-http/>HTTP Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up access control for TCP traffic." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-tcp/>TCP Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up access control for JWT token." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-jwt/>JWT Token</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to integrate and delegate access control to an external authorization system." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-custom/>External Authorization</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up access control to deny traffic explicitly." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-deny/>Explicit Deny</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up access control on an ingress gateway." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-ingress/>Ingress Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to migrate from one trust domain to another without changing authorization policy." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-td-migration/>Trust Domain Migration</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to dry-run an authorization policy without enforcing it (Experimental)" href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-dry-run/>Dry Run *</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="TLS Configuration"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="TLS configuration in Istio." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/security/tls-configuration/>TLS Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to configure the minimum TLS version for Istio workloads." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/security/tls-configuration/workload-min-tls-version/>Istio Workload Minimum TLS Version Configuration</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Policy Enforcement"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Demonstrates policy enforcement features." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/>Policy Enforcement</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limit/>Enabling Rate Limits using Envoy</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Observability><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Demonstrates how to collect telemetry information from the mesh." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/observability/>Observability</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure the Telemetry API." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/observability/telemetry/>Telemetry API</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Metrics><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Demonstrates the collection and querying of metrics within Istio." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/>Metrics</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/tcp-metrics/>Collecting Metrics for TCP Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to customize the Istio metrics." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/customize-metrics/>Customizing Istio Metrics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to improve telemetry by grouping requests and responses by their type." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/classify-metrics/>Classifying Metrics Based on Request or Response</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/querying-metrics/>Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/using-istio-dashboard/>Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Logs><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Demonstrates the collection of logs within Istio." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/observability/logs/>Logs</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Envoy proxies to print access logs to their standard output." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/observability/logs/access-log/>Envoy Access Logs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Envoy proxies to send access logs with OpenTelemetry collector." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/observability/logs/otel-provider/>OpenTelemetry</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Distributed Tracing"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio-enabled applications to collect trace spans." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/>Distributed Tracing</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Overview of distributed tracing in Istio." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/overview/>Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Jaeger." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/jaeger/>Jaeger</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Lightstep." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/lightstep/>Lightstep</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure tracing options using MeshConfig and pod annotations (Beta/Experimental)" href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/mesh-and-proxy-config/>Configure tracing using MeshConfig and Pod annotations *</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to visualize your services within an Istio mesh." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/observability/kiali/>Visualizing Your Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure external access to the set of Istio telemetry addons." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/observability/gateways/>Remotely Accessing Telemetry Addons</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Extensibility><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Demonstrates how to extend mesh behavior." href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/extensibility/>Extensibility</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to make remote WebAssembly modules available in the mesh (Alpha)" href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/extensibility/wasm-module-distribution/>Distributing WebAssembly Modules *</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Examples><a class=main title="A variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with." href=/v1.14/docs/examples/>Examples</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices used to demonstrate various Istio features." href=/v1.14/docs/examples/bookinfo/>Bookinfo Application</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Run the Bookinfo application with a MySQL service running on a virtual machine within your mesh." href=/v1.14/docs/examples/virtual-machines/>Bookinfo with a Virtual Machine</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Learn Microservices using Kubernetes and Istio"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="This modular tutorial provides new users with hands-on experience using Istio for common microservices scenarios, one step at a time." href=/v1.14/docs/examples/microservices-istio/>Learn Microservices using Kubernetes and Istio</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/examples/microservices-istio/prereq/>Prerequisites</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/examples/microservices-istio/setup-kubernetes-cluster/>Setup a Kubernetes Cluster</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/examples/microservices-istio/setup-local-computer/>Setup a Local Computer</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/examples/microservices-istio/single/>Run a Microservice Locally</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/examples/microservices-istio/package-service/>Run ratings in Docker</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/examples/microservices-istio/bookinfo-kubernetes/>Run Bookinfo with Kubernetes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/examples/microservices-istio/production-testing/>Test in production</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/examples/microservices-istio/add-new-microservice-version/>Add a new version of reviews</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/examples/microservices-istio/add-istio/>Enable Istio on productpage</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/examples/microservices-istio/enable-istio-all-microservices/>Enable Istio on all the microservices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/examples/microservices-istio/istio-ingress-gateway/>Configure Istio Ingress Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/examples/microservices-istio/logs-istio/>Monitoring with Istio</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Operations><a class=main title="Concepts, tools, and techniques to deploy and manage an Istio mesh." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/>Operations</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true><li role=treeitem aria-label=Deployment><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Requirements, concepts, and considerations for setting up an Istio deployment." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/deployment/>Deployment</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's high-level architecture and design goals." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/deployment/architecture/>Architecture</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the options and considerations when configuring your Istio deployment." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/deployment/deployment-models/>Deployment Models</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's high-level architecture for virtual machines." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/deployment/vm-architecture/>Virtual Machine Architecture</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio performance and scalability summary." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/deployment/performance-and-scalability/>Performance and Scalability</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Requirements of applications deployed in an Istio-enabled cluster." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/deployment/requirements/>Application Requirements</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Configuration><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Advanced concepts and features for configuring a running Istio mesh." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/configuration/>Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label="Mesh Configuration"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Helps you manage the global mesh configuration." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/>Mesh Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provides a general overview of Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks and the related issues that can arise." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/webhook/>Dynamic Admission Webhooks Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to wait until a resource reaches a given status of readiness." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/config-resource-ready/>Wait on Resource Status for Applied Configuration</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for automatic sidecar injection." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/injection-concepts/>Automatic Sidecar Injection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to do health checking for Istio services." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/app-health-check/>Health Checking of Istio Services</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Helps you manage the networking aspects of a running mesh." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to specify protocols." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/protocol-selection/>Protocol Selection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure TLS settings to secure network traffic." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/tls-configuration/>TLS Configuration</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How Istio routes traffic through the mesh." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/traffic-routing/>Traffic Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How DNS interacts with Istio." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/dns/>DNS</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure DNS proxying." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/dns-proxy/>DNS Proxying</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure gateway network topology (Alpha)" href=/v1.14/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/network-topologies/>Configuring Gateway Network Topology *</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure how traffic is distributed among clusters in the mesh." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/multicluster/>Multi-cluster Traffic Management</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Helps you manage the security aspects of a running mesh." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/configuration/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows common examples of using Istio security policy." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/configuration/security/security-policy-examples/>Security policy examples</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Use hardened container images to reduce Istio's attack surface." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/configuration/security/harden-docker-images/>Harden Docker Container Images</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Observability><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Helps you manage telemetry collection and visualization in a running mesh." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/>Observability</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Fine-grained control of Envoy statistics." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/envoy-stats/>Envoy Statistics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configure Prometheus to monitor multicluster Istio." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/monitoring-multicluster-prometheus/>Monitoring Multicluster Istio with Prometheus</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Extensibility><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Helps you manage extensions to the service mesh." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/configuration/extensibility/>Extensibility</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how Istio determines whether to pull Wasm modules or use cached versions (Alpha)" href=/v1.14/docs/ops/configuration/extensibility/wasm-pull-policy/>Pull Policy for WebAssembly Modules *</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Best Practices"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Best practices for setting up and managing an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/best-practices/>Best Practices</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="General best practices when setting up an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/best-practices/deployment/>Deployment Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration best practices to avoid networking or traffic management issues." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/best-practices/traffic-management/>Traffic Management Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Best practices for securing applications using Istio." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/best-practices/security/>Security Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to use image signatures to verify the provenance of Istio images." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/best-practices/image-signing-validation/>Image Signing and Validation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Best practices for observing applications using Istio." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/best-practices/observability/>Observability Best Practices</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Common Problems"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Describes how to identify and resolve common problems in Istio." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/common-problems/>Common Problems</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Techniques to address common Istio traffic management and network problems." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/common-problems/network-issues/>Traffic Management Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Techniques to address common Istio authentication, authorization, and general security-related problems." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/common-problems/security-issues/>Security Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Dealing with telemetry collection issues." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/common-problems/observability-issues/>Observability Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Resolve common problems with Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for automatic sidecar injection." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/common-problems/injection/>Sidecar Injection Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to resolve configuration validation problems." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/common-problems/validation/>Configuration Validation Problems</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Diagnostic Tools"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Tools and techniques to help troubleshoot an Istio mesh." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/>Diagnostic Tools</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio includes a supplemental tool that provides debugging and diagnosis for Istio service mesh deployments." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl/>Using the Istioctl Command-line Tool</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes tools and techniques to diagnose Envoy configuration issues related to traffic management." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/proxy-cmd/>Debugging Envoy and Istiod</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use istioctl describe to verify the configurations of a pod in your mesh." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl-describe/>Understand your Mesh with Istioctl Describe</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use istioctl analyze to identify potential issues with your configuration." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl-analyze/>Diagnose your Configuration with Istioctl Analyze</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to use ControlZ to get insight into a running istiod component." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/controlz/>Istiod Introspection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to use component-level logging to get insights into a running component's behavior." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/component-logging/>Component Logging</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes tools and techniques to diagnose issues with Virtual Machines." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/virtual-machines/>Debugging Virtual Machines</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes tools and techniques to diagnose issues with multicluster and multi-network installations." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/multicluster/>Troubleshooting Multicluster</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes tools and techniques to diagnose issues using Istio with the CNI plugin." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/cni/>Troubleshooting the Istio CNI plugin</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Integrations><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Other software that Istio can integrate with to provide additional functionality." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/integrations/>Integrations</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to integrate with cert-manager." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/integrations/certmanager/>cert-manager</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to integrate with Grafana to set up Istio dashboards." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/integrations/grafana/>Grafana</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to integrate with Jaeger." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/integrations/jaeger/>Jaeger</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to integrate with Kiali." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/integrations/kiali/>Kiali</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to integrate with Prometheus." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/integrations/prometheus/>Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure Istio to integrate with SPIRE to get cryptographic identities through Envoy's SDS API." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/integrations/spire/>SPIRE</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to integrate with Zipkin." href=/v1.14/docs/ops/integrations/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Releases><a class=main title="Information relating to Istio releases." href=/v1.14/docs/releases/>Releases</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="List of features and their release stages." href=/v1.14/docs/releases/feature-stages/>Feature Status</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="What to do if you find a bug." href=/v1.14/docs/releases/bugs/>Reporting Bugs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How we handle security vulnerabilities." href=/v1.14/docs/releases/security-vulnerabilities/>Security Vulnerabilities</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The currently supported Istio releases." href=/v1.14/docs/releases/supported-releases/>Supported Releases</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Contribute Documentation"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Details how to create and maintain Istio documentation pages." href=/v1.14/docs/releases/contribute/>Contribute Documentation</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use GitHub to contribute to the Istio documentation." href=/v1.14/docs/releases/contribute/github/>Work with GitHub</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Details how to contribute new documentation to Istio." href=/v1.14/docs/releases/contribute/add-content/>Add New Documentation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Details how to contribute retired documentation to Istio." href=/v1.14/docs/releases/contribute/remove-content/>Remove Retired Documentation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Explains how to locally build, test, serve, and preview the website." href=/v1.14/docs/releases/contribute/build/>Build and serve the website locally</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Explains the front matter used in our documentation and the fields available." href=/v1.14/docs/releases/contribute/front-matter/>Front matter</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how changes to the Istio documentation and website are reviewed and approved." href=/v1.14/docs/releases/contribute/review/>Documentation Review Process</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Explains how to include code in your documentation." href=/v1.14/docs/releases/contribute/code-blocks/>Add Code Blocks</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Explains the shortcodes available and how to use them." href=/v1.14/docs/releases/contribute/shortcodes/>Use Shortcodes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Explains the standard markup used to format Istio documentation." href=/v1.14/docs/releases/contribute/formatting/>Follow Formatting Standards</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Explains the style conventions used in the Istio documentation." href=/v1.14/docs/releases/contribute/style-guide/>Style Guide</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Explains the terminology standards used in the Istio documentation." href=/v1.14/docs/releases/contribute/terminology/>Terminology Standards</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provides assets and instructions to create diagrams for the Istio documentation." href=/v1.14/docs/releases/contribute/diagrams/>Diagram Creation Guidelines</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="List of recent changes to this website." href=/v1.14/docs/releases/log/>Website Content Changes</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Reference><a class=main title="Detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/>Reference</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true><li role=treeitem aria-label=Configuration><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Detailed information on configuration options." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/>Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Telemetry configuration for workloads." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/telemetry/>Telemetry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting Istio control plane installation version and shape." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/istio.operator.v1alpha1/>IstioOperator Options</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting the service mesh as a whole." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/istio.mesh.v1alpha1/>Global Mesh Options</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the structure of messages generated by Istio analyzers." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/istio.analysis.v1alpha1/>Analysis Messages</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the role of the `status` field in configuration workflow." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/config-status/>Configuration Status Field</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Describes how to configure HTTP/TCP routing features." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/networking/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting load balancing, outlier detection, etc." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/networking/destination-rule/>Destination Rule</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Customizing Envoy configuration generated by Istio." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/networking/envoy-filter/>Envoy Filter</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting edge load balancer." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/networking/gateway/>Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provides configuration for individual workloads." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/networking/proxy-config/>ProxyConfig</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting VMs onboarded into the mesh." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/networking/workload-entry/>Workload Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting service registry." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/networking/service-entry/>Service Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting network reachability of a sidecar." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/networking/sidecar/>Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting label/content routing, sni routing, etc." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/networking/virtual-service/>Virtual Service</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes a collection of workload instances." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/networking/workload-group/>Workload Group</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Proxy Extensions"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio proxy extensions." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/>Proxy Extensions</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Extend the functionality provided by the Istio proxy through WebAssembly filters." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/wasm-plugin/>Wasm Plugin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Stats Filter." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/stats/>Stats Config</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Stackdriver filter." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/stackdriver/>Stackdriver Config</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Metadata Exchange Filter." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/metadata_exchange/>Metadata Exchange Config</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for AccessLogPolicy Filter." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/accesslogpolicy/>AccessLogPolicy Config</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Attribute Generation plugin." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/attributegen/>AttributeGen Config</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to enable telemetry generation with the Wasm runtime (Experimental)" href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/wasm_telemetry/>Wasm-based Telemetry *</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio's security features." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration to validate JWT." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/security/jwt/>JWTRule</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Peer authentication configuration for workloads." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/security/peer_authentication/>PeerAuthentication</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Request authentication configuration for workloads." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/security/request_authentication/>RequestAuthentication</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for access control on workloads." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/security/authorization-policy/>Authorization Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the supported conditions in authorization policies." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/security/conditions/>Authorization Policy Conditions</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the supported normalizations in authorization policies." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/security/normalization/>Authorization Policy Normalization</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Common Types"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Describes common types in Istio API." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/type/>Common Types</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Definition of a workload selector." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/type/workload-selector/>Workload Selector</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio standard metrics exported by Istio telemetry." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/metrics/>Istio Standard Metrics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Resource annotations used by Istio." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/annotations/>Resource Annotations</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Resource labels used by Istio." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/labels/>Resource Labels</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Configuration Analysis Messages"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Documents the individual error and warning messages produced during configuration analysis." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/>Configuration Analysis Messages</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0103/>PodMissingProxy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/message-format/>Analyzer Message Format</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0109/>ConflictingMeshGatewayVirtualServiceHosts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0110/>ConflictingSidecarWorkloadSelectors</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0116/>DeploymentAssociatedToMultipleServices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0137/>DeploymentConflictingPorts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0117/>DeploymentRequiresServiceAssociated</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0002/>Deprecated</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0135/>DeprecatedAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0150/>ExternalNameServiceTypeInvalidPortName</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0104/>GatewayPortNotOnWorkload</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0001/>InternalError</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0125/>InvalidAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0144/>InvalidApplicationUID</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0122/>InvalidRegexp</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0105/>IstioProxyImageMismatch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0119/>JwtFailureDueToInvalidServicePortPrefix</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0143/>LocalhostListener</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0107/>MisplacedAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0113/>MTLSPolicyConflict</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0136/>AlphaAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0123/>NamespaceMultipleInjectionLabels</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0102/>NamespaceNotInjected</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0127/>NoMatchingWorkloadsFound</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0128/>NoServerCertificateVerificationDestinationLevel</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0129/>NoServerCertificateVerificationPortLevel</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0111/>MultipleSidecarsWithoutWorkloadSelectors</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0118/>PortNameIsNotUnderNamingConvention</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0101/>ReferencedResourceNotFound</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0106/>SchemaValidationError</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0134/>ServiceEntryAddressesRequired</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0108/>UnknownAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0112/>VirtualServiceDestinationPortSelectorRequired</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0132/>VirtualServiceHostNotFoundInGateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0131/>VirtualServiceIneffectiveMatch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0130/>VirtualServiceUnreachableRule</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Commands><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Describes usage and options of the Istio commands and utilities." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/commands/>Commands</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and configure Istio CNI plugin on a node, detect and repair pod which is broken by race condition." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/commands/install-cni/>install-cni</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio control interface." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/>istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Istio operator." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/commands/operator/>operator</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot agent." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/commands/pilot-agent/>pilot-agent</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery/>pilot-discovery</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A glossary of common Istio terms." href=/v1.14/docs/reference/glossary/>Glossary</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></nav></div><div class=article-container><button id=sidebar-toggle class=main-navigation-toggle aria-label="Open sidebar"><svg class="icon hamburger-sidebar"><use xlink:href="/v1.14/img/icons.svg#hamburger-sidebar"/></svg>
Contents</button><article aria-labelledby=title><nav aria-label=Breadcrumb><ol><li><a href=/v1.14/docs/ title="Learn how to deploy, use, and operate Istio.">Documentation</a><svg class="icon breadcrumb-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.14/img/icons.svg#breadcrumb-arrow"/></svg></li><li><a href=/v1.14/docs/setup/ title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes.">Setup</a><svg class="icon breadcrumb-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.14/img/icons.svg#breadcrumb-arrow"/></svg></li><li><a href=/v1.14/docs/setup/install/ title="Choose the guide that best suits your needs and platform.">Install</a><svg class="icon breadcrumb-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.14/img/icons.svg#breadcrumb-arrow"/></svg></li><li>Install Istio with an External Control Plane</li></ol></nav><div class=title-area><div style=width:100%><h1 id=title>Install Istio with an External Control Plane</h1><p class=byline><span class=reading-time title="2530 words"><svg class="icon clock"><use xlink:href="/v1.14/img/icons.svg#clock"/></svg><span>&nbsp;</span>12 minute read</span>
<span>&nbsp;</span>
<span><a href=https://github.com/istio/istio.io/tree/master/README.md#testing-document-content title="An automated test is available for this page. Click for details."><svg class="icon checkmark"><use xlink:href="/v1.14/img/icons.svg#checkmark"/></svg><span>&nbsp;</span>
page test</a></span></p></div></div><nav class=toc-inlined aria-label="Table of Contents"><div><hr><ol><li role=none aria-label="Before you begin"><a href=#before-you-begin>Before you begin</a><ol><li role=none aria-label=Clusters><a href=#clusters>Clusters</a><li role=none aria-label="API server access"><a href=#api-server-access>API server access</a><li role=none aria-label="Environment Variables"><a href=#environment-variables>Environment Variables</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Cluster configuration"><a href=#cluster-configuration>Cluster configuration</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Mesh operator steps"><a href=#mesh-operator-steps>Mesh operator steps</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Set up a gateway in the external cluster"><a href=#set-up-a-gateway-in-the-external-cluster>Set up a gateway in the external cluster</a><li role=none aria-label="Set up the remote config cluster"><a href=#set-up-the-remote-config-cluster>Set up the remote config cluster</a><li role=none aria-label="Set up the control plane in the external cluster"><a href=#set-up-the-control-plane-in-the-external-cluster>Set up the control plane in the external cluster</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Mesh admin steps"><a href=#mesh-admin-steps>Mesh admin steps</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Deploy a sample application"><a href=#deploy-a-sample-application>Deploy a sample application</a><li role=none aria-label="Enable gateways"><a href=#enable-gateways>Enable gateways</a><li role=none aria-label="Test the ingress gateway"><a href=#test-the-ingress-gateway>Test the ingress gateway</a></ol></li></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Adding clusters to the mesh (optional)"><a href=#adding-clusters>Adding clusters to the mesh (optional)</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Register the new cluster"><a href=#register-the-new-cluster>Register the new cluster</a><li role=none aria-label="Setup east-west gateways"><a href=#setup-east-west-gateways>Setup east-west gateways</a><li role=none aria-label="Validate the installation"><a href=#validate-the-installation>Validate the installation</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol><hr></div></nav><p>This guide walks you through the process of installing an <span class=term data-title="External Control Plane" data-body='<p>An external control plane is a <a href="/docs/reference/glossary/#control-plane">control plane</a>
that externally manages mesh workloads running in their own <a href="/docs/reference/glossary/#cluster">clusters</a>
or other infrastructure. The control plane may, itself, be deployed in a cluster, although not
in one of the clusters that is part of the mesh it&amp;rsquo;s controlling.
Its purpose is to cleanly separate the control plane from the data plane of a mesh.</p>
'>external control plane</span>
and then connecting one or more <span class=term data-title="Remote Cluster" data-body='<p>A remote cluster is a <a href="/docs/reference/glossary/#cluster">cluster</a> that
connects to a <a href="/docs/reference/glossary/#control-plane">control plane</a>
residing outside of the cluster. A remote cluster can connect to a control plane
running in a <a href="/docs/reference/glossary/#primary-cluster">primary cluster</a>
or to an <a href="/docs/reference/glossary/#external-control-plane">external control plane</a>.</p>
'>remote clusters</span> to it.
The external control plane <a href=/v1.14/docs/ops/deployment/deployment-models/#control-plane-models>deployment model</a>
allows a mesh operator to install and manage a control plane on an external cluster, separate from the data
plane cluster (or multiple clusters) comprising the mesh. This deployment model allows a clear separation
between mesh operators and mesh administrators. Mesh operators install and manage Istio control planes while mesh
admins only need to configure the mesh.</p><figure style=width:75%><div class=wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio style=padding-bottom:61.19402985074627%><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.14/docs/setup/install/external-controlplane/external-controlplane.svg title="External control plane cluster and remote cluster"><img class=element-to-stretch src=/v1.14/docs/setup/install/external-controlplane/external-controlplane.svg alt="External control plane cluster and remote cluster"></a></div><figcaption>External control plane cluster and remote cluster</figcaption></figure><p>Envoy proxies (sidecars and gateways) running in the remote cluster access the external istiod via an ingress gateway
which exposes the endpoints needed for discovery, CA, injection, and validation.</p><p>While configuration and management of the external control plane is done by the mesh operator in the external cluster,
the first remote cluster connected to an external control plane serves as the config cluster for the mesh itself.
The mesh administrator will use the config cluster to configure the mesh resources (gateways, virtual services, etc.)
in addition to the mesh services themselves. The external control plane will remotely access this configuration from
the Kubernetes API server, as shown in the above diagram.</p><h2 id=before-you-begin>Before you begin</h2><h3 id=clusters>Clusters</h3><p>This guide requires that you have two Kubernetes clusters with any of the
<a href=/v1.14/docs/releases/supported-releases#support-status-of-istio-releases>supported Kubernetes versions:</a> 1.21, 1.22, 1.23, 1.24.</p><p>The first cluster will host the <span class=term data-title="External Control Plane" data-body='<p>An external control plane is a <a href="/docs/reference/glossary/#control-plane">control plane</a>
that externally manages mesh workloads running in their own <a href="/docs/reference/glossary/#cluster">clusters</a>
or other infrastructure. The control plane may, itself, be deployed in a cluster, although not
in one of the clusters that is part of the mesh it&amp;rsquo;s controlling.
Its purpose is to cleanly separate the control plane from the data plane of a mesh.</p>
'>external control plane</span> installed in the
<code>external-istiod</code> namespace. An ingress gateway is also installed in the <code>istio-system</code> namespace to provide
cross-cluster access to the external control plane.</p><p>The second cluster is a <span class=term data-title="Remote Cluster" data-body='<p>A remote cluster is a <a href="/docs/reference/glossary/#cluster">cluster</a> that
connects to a <a href="/docs/reference/glossary/#control-plane">control plane</a>
residing outside of the cluster. A remote cluster can connect to a control plane
running in a <a href="/docs/reference/glossary/#primary-cluster">primary cluster</a>
or to an <a href="/docs/reference/glossary/#external-control-plane">external control plane</a>.</p>
'>remote cluster</span> that will run the mesh application workloads.
Its Kubernetes API server also provides the mesh configuration used by the external control plane (istiod)
to configure the workload proxies.</p><h3 id=api-server-access>API server access</h3><p>The Kubernetes API server in the remote cluster must be accessible to the external
control plane cluster. Many cloud providers make API servers publicly accessible
via network load balancers (NLBs). If the API server is not directly accessible, you will
need to modify the installation procedure to enable access. For example, the
<a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East-west_traffic>east-west</a> gateway used in a
<a href=#adding-clusters>multicluster configuration</a> could also be used to enable access
to the API server.</p><h3 id=environment-variables>Environment Variables</h3><p>The following environment variables will be used throughout to simplify the instructions:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Variable</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>CTX_EXTERNAL_CLUSTER</code></td><td>The context name in the default <a href=https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/configure-access-multiple-clusters/>Kubernetes configuration file</a> used for accessing the external control plane cluster.</td></tr><tr><td><code>CTX_REMOTE_CLUSTER</code></td><td>The context name in the default <a href=https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/configure-access-multiple-clusters/>Kubernetes configuration file</a> used for accessing the remote cluster.</td></tr><tr><td><code>REMOTE_CLUSTER_NAME</code></td><td>The name of the remote cluster.</td></tr><tr><td><code>EXTERNAL_ISTIOD_ADDR</code></td><td>The hostname for the ingress gateway on the external control plane cluster. This is used by the remote cluster to access the external control plane.</td></tr><tr><td><code>SSL_SECRET_NAME</code></td><td>The name of the secret that holds the TLS certs for the ingress gateway on the external control plane cluster.</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Set the <code>CTX_EXTERNAL_CLUSTER</code>, <code>CTX_REMOTE_CLUSTER</code>, and <code>REMOTE_CLUSTER_NAME</code> now. You will set the others later.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ export CTX_EXTERNAL_CLUSTER=&lt;your external cluster context&gt;
$ export CTX_REMOTE_CLUSTER=&lt;your remote cluster context&gt;
$ export REMOTE_CLUSTER_NAME=&lt;your remote cluster name&gt;
</code></pre><h2 id=cluster-configuration>Cluster configuration</h2><h3 id=mesh-operator-steps>Mesh operator steps</h3><p>A mesh operator is responsible for installing and managing the external Istio control plane on the external cluster.
This includes configuring an ingress gateway on the external cluster, which allows the remote cluster to access the control plane,
and installing the sidecar injector webhook configuration on the remote cluster so that it will use the external control plane.</p><h4 id=set-up-a-gateway-in-the-external-cluster>Set up a gateway in the external cluster</h4><ol><li><p>Create the Istio install configuration for the ingress gateway that will expose the external control plane ports to other clusters:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ cat &lt;&lt;EOF &gt; controlplane-gateway.yaml
apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha1
kind: IstioOperator
metadata:
namespace: istio-system
spec:
components:
ingressGateways:
- name: istio-ingressgateway
enabled: true
k8s:
service:
ports:
- port: 15021
targetPort: 15021
name: status-port
- port: 15012
targetPort: 15012
name: tls-xds
- port: 15017
targetPort: 15017
name: tls-webhook
EOF
</code></pre><p>Then, install the gateway in the <code>istio-system</code> namespace of the external cluster:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl install -f controlplane-gateway.yaml --context=&#34;${CTX_EXTERNAL_CLUSTER}&#34;
</code></pre></li><li><p>Run the following command to confirm that the ingress gateway is up and running:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl get po -n istio-system --context=&#34;${CTX_EXTERNAL_CLUSTER}&#34;
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
istio-ingressgateway-9d4c7f5c7-7qpzz 1/1 Running 0 29s
istiod-68488cd797-mq8dn 1/1 Running 0 38s
</code></pre><p>You will notice an istiod deployment is also created in the <code>istio-system</code> namespace. This is used to configure the ingress gateway
and is NOT the control plane used by remote clusters.</p><div><aside class="callout tip"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.14/img/icons.svg#callout-tip"/></svg></div><div class=content>This ingress gateway could be configured to host multiple external control planes, in different namespaces on the external cluster,
although in this example you will only deploy a single external istiod in the <code>external-istiod</code> namespace.</div></aside></div></li><li><p>Configure your environment to expose the Istio ingress gateway service using a public hostname with TLS. Set the <code>EXTERNAL_ISTIOD_ADDR</code> environment variable to the hostname and <code>SSL_SECRET_NAME</code> environment variable to the secret that holds the TLS certs:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ export EXTERNAL_ISTIOD_ADDR=&lt;your external istiod host&gt;
$ export SSL_SECRET_NAME=&lt;your external istiod secret&gt;
</code></pre></li></ol><h4 id=set-up-the-remote-config-cluster>Set up the remote config cluster</h4><ol><li><p>Use the <code>external</code> profile to configure the remote cluster&rsquo;s Istio installation. This installs an injection
webhook that uses the external control plane&rsquo;s injector, instead of a locally deployed one. Because this cluster
will also serve as the config cluster, the Istio CRDs and other resources that will be needed on the remote cluster
are also installed by setting <code>global.configCluster</code> and <code>pilot.configMap</code> to <code>true</code>:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ cat &lt;&lt;EOF &gt; remote-config-cluster.yaml
apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha1
kind: IstioOperator
metadata:
namespace: external-istiod
spec:
profile: external
values:
global:
istioNamespace: external-istiod
configCluster: true
pilot:
configMap: true
istiodRemote:
injectionURL: https://${EXTERNAL_ISTIOD_ADDR}:15017/inject/:ENV:cluster=${REMOTE_CLUSTER_NAME}:ENV:net=network1
base:
validationURL: https://${EXTERNAL_ISTIOD_ADDR}:15017/validate
EOF
</code></pre><p>Then, install the configuration on the remote cluster:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl create namespace external-istiod --context=&#34;${CTX_REMOTE_CLUSTER}&#34;
$ istioctl manifest generate -f remote-config-cluster.yaml | kubectl apply --context=&#34;${CTX_REMOTE_CLUSTER}&#34; -f -
</code></pre></li><li><p>Confirm that the remote cluster&rsquo;s webhook configuration has been installed:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl get mutatingwebhookconfiguration --context=&#34;${CTX_REMOTE_CLUSTER}&#34;
NAME WEBHOOKS AGE
istio-sidecar-injector-external-istiod 4 6m24s
</code></pre></li></ol><h4 id=set-up-the-control-plane-in-the-external-cluster>Set up the control plane in the external cluster</h4><ol><li><p>Create the <code>external-istiod</code> namespace, which will be used to host the external control plane:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl create namespace external-istiod --context=&#34;${CTX_EXTERNAL_CLUSTER}&#34;
</code></pre></li><li><p>The control plane in the external cluster needs access to the remote cluster to discover services, endpoints,
and pod attributes. Create a secret with credentials to access the remote cluster’s <code>kube-apiserver</code> and install
it in the external cluster:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl create sa istiod-service-account -n external-istiod --context=&#34;${CTX_EXTERNAL_CLUSTER}&#34;
$ istioctl x create-remote-secret \
--context=&#34;${CTX_REMOTE_CLUSTER}&#34; \
--type=config \
--namespace=external-istiod \
--service-account=istiod \
--create-service-account=false | \
kubectl apply -f - --context=&#34;${CTX_EXTERNAL_CLUSTER}&#34;
</code></pre></li><li><p>Create the Istio configuration to install the control plane in the <code>external-istiod</code> namespace of the external cluster.
Notice that istiod is configured to use the locally mounted <code>istio</code> configmap and the <code>SHARED_MESH_CONFIG</code> environment
variable is set to <code>istio</code>. This instructs istiod to merge the values set by the mesh admin in the config cluster&rsquo;s
configmap with the values in the local configmap set by the mesh operator, here, which will take precedence
if there are any conflicts:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ cat &lt;&lt;EOF &gt; external-istiod.yaml
apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha1
kind: IstioOperator
metadata:
namespace: external-istiod
spec:
profile: empty
meshConfig:
rootNamespace: external-istiod
defaultConfig:
discoveryAddress: $EXTERNAL_ISTIOD_ADDR:15012
proxyMetadata:
XDS_ROOT_CA: /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
CA_ROOT_CA: /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
components:
pilot:
enabled: true
k8s:
overlays:
- kind: Deployment
name: istiod
patches:
- path: spec.template.spec.volumes[100]
value: |-
name: config-volume
configMap:
name: istio
- path: spec.template.spec.volumes[100]
value: |-
name: inject-volume
configMap:
name: istio-sidecar-injector
- path: spec.template.spec.containers[0].volumeMounts[100]
value: |-
name: config-volume
mountPath: /etc/istio/config
- path: spec.template.spec.containers[0].volumeMounts[100]
value: |-
name: inject-volume
mountPath: /var/lib/istio/inject
env:
- name: INJECTION_WEBHOOK_CONFIG_NAME
value: &#34;&#34;
- name: VALIDATION_WEBHOOK_CONFIG_NAME
value: &#34;&#34;
- name: EXTERNAL_ISTIOD
value: &#34;true&#34;
- name: CLUSTER_ID
value: ${REMOTE_CLUSTER_NAME}
- name: SHARED_MESH_CONFIG
value: istio
values:
global:
caAddress: $EXTERNAL_ISTIOD_ADDR:15012
istioNamespace: external-istiod
operatorManageWebhooks: true
configValidation: false
meshID: mesh1
EOF
</code></pre><p>Then, apply the Istio configuration on the external cluster:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl manifest generate -f external-istiod.yaml | kubectl apply --context=&#34;${CTX_EXTERNAL_CLUSTER}&#34; -f -
</code></pre></li><li><p>Confirm that the external istiod has been successfully deployed:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl get po -n external-istiod --context=&#34;${CTX_EXTERNAL_CLUSTER}&#34;
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
istiod-779bd6fdcf-bd6rg 1/1 Running 0 70s
</code></pre></li><li><p>Create the Istio <code>Gateway</code>, <code>VirtualService</code>, and <code>DestinationRule</code> configuration to route traffic from the ingress
gateway to the external control plane:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ cat &lt;&lt;EOF &gt; external-istiod-gw.yaml
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: Gateway
metadata:
name: external-istiod-gw
namespace: external-istiod
spec:
selector:
istio: ingressgateway
servers:
- port:
number: 15012
protocol: https
name: https-XDS
tls:
mode: SIMPLE
credentialName: $SSL_SECRET_NAME
hosts:
- $EXTERNAL_ISTIOD_ADDR
- port:
number: 15017
protocol: https
name: https-WEBHOOK
tls:
mode: SIMPLE
credentialName: $SSL_SECRET_NAME
hosts:
- $EXTERNAL_ISTIOD_ADDR
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
name: external-istiod-vs
namespace: external-istiod
spec:
hosts:
- $EXTERNAL_ISTIOD_ADDR
gateways:
- external-istiod-gw
http:
- match:
- port: 15012
route:
- destination:
host: istiod.external-istiod.svc.cluster.local
port:
number: 15012
- match:
- port: 15017
route:
- destination:
host: istiod.external-istiod.svc.cluster.local
port:
number: 443
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
name: external-istiod-dr
namespace: external-istiod
spec:
host: istiod.external-istiod.svc.cluster.local
trafficPolicy:
portLevelSettings:
- port:
number: 15012
tls:
mode: SIMPLE
connectionPool:
http:
h2UpgradePolicy: UPGRADE
- port:
number: 443
tls:
mode: SIMPLE
EOF
</code></pre><p>Then, apply the configuration on the external cluster:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply -f external-istiod-gw.yaml --context=&#34;${CTX_EXTERNAL_CLUSTER}&#34;
</code></pre></li></ol><h3 id=mesh-admin-steps>Mesh admin steps</h3><p>Now that Istio is up and running, a mesh administrator only needs to deploy and configure services in the mesh,
including gateways, if needed.</p><h4 id=deploy-a-sample-application>Deploy a sample application</h4><ol><li><p>Create, and label for injection, the <code>sample</code> namespace on the remote cluster:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl create --context=&#34;${CTX_REMOTE_CLUSTER}&#34; namespace sample
$ kubectl label --context=&#34;${CTX_REMOTE_CLUSTER}&#34; namespace sample istio-injection=enabled
</code></pre></li><li><p>Deploy the <code>helloworld</code> (<code>v1</code>) and <code>sleep</code> samples:</p><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.14/samples/sleep/sleep.yaml>Zip</a><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.14/samples/helloworld/helloworld.yaml>Zip</a><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.14/samples/helloworld/helloworld.yaml>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply -f @samples/helloworld/helloworld.yaml@ -l service=helloworld -n sample --context=&#34;${CTX_REMOTE_CLUSTER}&#34;
$ kubectl apply -f @samples/helloworld/helloworld.yaml@ -l version=v1 -n sample --context=&#34;${CTX_REMOTE_CLUSTER}&#34;
$ kubectl apply -f @samples/sleep/sleep.yaml@ -n sample --context=&#34;${CTX_REMOTE_CLUSTER}&#34;
</code></pre></div></li><li><p>Wait a few seconds for the <code>helloworld</code> and <code>sleep</code> pods to be running with sidecars injected:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl get pod -n sample --context=&#34;${CTX_REMOTE_CLUSTER}&#34;
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
helloworld-v1-776f57d5f6-s7zfc 2/2 Running 0 10s
sleep-64d7d56698-wqjnm 2/2 Running 0 9s
</code></pre></li><li><p>Send a request from the <code>sleep</code> pod to the <code>helloworld</code> service:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl exec --context=&#34;${CTX_REMOTE_CLUSTER}&#34; -n sample -c sleep \
&#34;$(kubectl get pod --context=&#34;${CTX_REMOTE_CLUSTER}&#34; -n sample -l app=sleep -o jsonpath=&#39;{.items[0].metadata.name}&#39;)&#34; \
-- curl -sS helloworld.sample:5000/hello
Hello version: v1, instance: helloworld-v1-776f57d5f6-s7zfc
</code></pre></li></ol><h4 id=enable-gateways>Enable gateways</h4><p>Enable an ingress gateway on the remote cluster:</p><div id=tabset-docs-setup-install-external-controlplane-1 role=tablist class=tabset><div class=tab-strip data-category-name=ingress-gateway-install-type><button aria-selected=true data-category-value=iop aria-controls=tabset-docs-setup-install-external-controlplane-1-0-panel id=tabset-docs-setup-install-external-controlplane-1-0-tab role=tab><span>IstioOperator</span>
</button><button tabindex=-1 data-category-value=helm aria-controls=tabset-docs-setup-install-external-controlplane-1-1-panel id=tabset-docs-setup-install-external-controlplane-1-1-tab role=tab><span>Helm</span></button></div><div class=tab-content><div id=tabset-docs-setup-install-external-controlplane-1-0-panel role=tabpanel tabindex=0 aria-labelledby=tabset-docs-setup-install-external-controlplane-1-0-tab><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ cat &lt;&lt;EOF &gt; istio-ingressgateway.yaml
apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha1
kind: IstioOperator
spec:
profile: empty
components:
ingressGateways:
- namespace: external-istiod
name: istio-ingressgateway
enabled: true
values:
gateways:
istio-ingressgateway:
injectionTemplate: gateway
EOF
$ istioctl install -f istio-ingressgateway.yaml --set values.global.istioNamespace=external-istiod --context=&#34;${CTX_REMOTE_CLUSTER}&#34;
</code></pre></div><div hidden id=tabset-docs-setup-install-external-controlplane-1-1-panel role=tabpanel tabindex=0 aria-labelledby=tabset-docs-setup-install-external-controlplane-1-1-tab><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ helm install istio-ingressgateway istio/gateway -n external-istiod --kube-context=&#34;${CTX_REMOTE_CLUSTER}&#34;
</code></pre><p>See <a href=/v1.14/docs/setup/additional-setup/gateway/>Installing Gateways</a> for in-depth documentation on gateway installation.</p></div></div></div><p>You can optionally enable other gateways as well. For example, an egress gateway:</p><div id=tabset-docs-setup-install-external-controlplane-2 role=tablist class=tabset><div class=tab-strip data-category-name=egress-gateway-install-type><button aria-selected=true data-category-value=iop aria-controls=tabset-docs-setup-install-external-controlplane-2-0-panel id=tabset-docs-setup-install-external-controlplane-2-0-tab role=tab><span>IstioOperator</span>
</button><button tabindex=-1 data-category-value=helm aria-controls=tabset-docs-setup-install-external-controlplane-2-1-panel id=tabset-docs-setup-install-external-controlplane-2-1-tab role=tab><span>Helm</span></button></div><div class=tab-content><div id=tabset-docs-setup-install-external-controlplane-2-0-panel role=tabpanel tabindex=0 aria-labelledby=tabset-docs-setup-install-external-controlplane-2-0-tab><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ cat &lt;&lt;EOF &gt; istio-egressgateway.yaml
apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha1
kind: IstioOperator
spec:
profile: empty
components:
egressGateways:
- namespace: external-istiod
name: istio-egressgateway
enabled: true
values:
gateways:
istio-egressgateway:
injectionTemplate: gateway
EOF
$ istioctl install -f istio-egressgateway.yaml --set values.global.istioNamespace=external-istiod --context=&#34;${CTX_REMOTE_CLUSTER}&#34;
</code></pre></div><div hidden id=tabset-docs-setup-install-external-controlplane-2-1-panel role=tabpanel tabindex=0 aria-labelledby=tabset-docs-setup-install-external-controlplane-2-1-tab><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ helm install istio-egressgateway istio/gateway -n external-istiod --kube-context=&#34;${CTX_REMOTE_CLUSTER}&#34; --set service.type=ClusterIP
</code></pre><p>See <a href=/v1.14/docs/setup/additional-setup/gateway/>Installing Gateways</a> for in-depth documentation on gateway installation.</p></div></div></div><h4 id=test-the-ingress-gateway>Test the ingress gateway</h4><ol><li><p>Confirm that the Istio ingress gateway is running:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl get pod -l app=istio-ingressgateway -n external-istiod --context=&#34;${CTX_REMOTE_CLUSTER}&#34;
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
istio-ingressgateway-7bcd5c6bbd-kmtl4 1/1 Running 0 8m4s
</code></pre></li><li><p>Expose the <code>helloworld</code> application on the ingress gateway:</p><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.14/samples/helloworld/helloworld-gateway.yaml>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply -f @samples/helloworld/helloworld-gateway.yaml@ -n sample --context=&#34;${CTX_REMOTE_CLUSTER}&#34;
</code></pre></div></li><li><p>Set the <code>GATEWAY_URL</code> environment variable
(see <a href="/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-control/#determining-the-ingress-ip- and-ports">determining the ingress IP and ports</a> for details):</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ export INGRESS_HOST=$(kubectl -n external-istiod --context=&#34;${CTX_REMOTE_CLUSTER}&#34; get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath=&#39;{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}&#39;)
$ export INGRESS_PORT=$(kubectl -n external-istiod --context=&#34;${CTX_REMOTE_CLUSTER}&#34; get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath=&#39;{.spec.ports[?(@.name==&#34;http2&#34;)].port}&#39;)
$ export GATEWAY_URL=$INGRESS_HOST:$INGRESS_PORT
</code></pre></li><li><p>Confirm you can access the <code>helloworld</code> application through the ingress gateway:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ curl -s &#34;http://${GATEWAY_URL}/hello&#34;
Hello version: v1, instance: helloworld-v1-776f57d5f6-s7zfc
</code></pre></li></ol><h2 id=adding-clusters>Adding clusters to the mesh (optional)</h2><p>This section shows you how to expand an existing external control plane mesh to multicluster by adding another remote cluster.
This allows you to easily distribute services and use <a href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/locality-load-balancing/>location-aware routing and fail over</a> to support high availability of your application.</p><figure style=width:75%><div class=wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio style=padding-bottom:61.19402985074627%><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.14/docs/setup/install/external-controlplane/external-multicluster.svg title="External control plane with multiple remote clusters"><img class=element-to-stretch src=/v1.14/docs/setup/install/external-controlplane/external-multicluster.svg alt="External control plane with multiple remote clusters"></a></div><figcaption>External control plane with multiple remote clusters</figcaption></figure><p>Unlike the first remote cluster, the second and subsequent clusters added to the same external control plane do not
provide mesh config, but instead are only sources of endpoint configuration, just like remote clusters in a
<a href=/v1.14/docs/setup/install/multicluster/primary-remote_multi-network/>primary-remote</a> Istio multicluster configuration.</p><p>To proceed, you&rsquo;ll need another Kubernetes cluster for the second remote cluster of the mesh. Set the following
environment variables to the context name and cluster name of the cluster:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ export CTX_SECOND_CLUSTER=&lt;your second remote cluster context&gt;
$ export SECOND_CLUSTER_NAME=&lt;your second remote cluster name&gt;
</code></pre><h3 id=register-the-new-cluster>Register the new cluster</h3><ol><li><p>Create the remote Istio install configuration, which installs the injection webhook that uses the
external control plane&rsquo;s injector, instead of a locally deployed one:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ cat &lt;&lt;EOF &gt; second-config-cluster.yaml
apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha1
kind: IstioOperator
metadata:
namespace: external-istiod
spec:
profile: external
values:
global:
istioNamespace: external-istiod
istiodRemote:
injectionURL: https://${EXTERNAL_ISTIOD_ADDR}:15017/inject/:ENV:cluster=${SECOND_CLUSTER_NAME}:ENV:net=network2
EOF
</code></pre><p>Then, install the configuration on the remote cluster:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl create namespace external-istiod --context=&#34;${CTX_SECOND_CLUSTER}&#34;
$ istioctl manifest generate -f second-config-cluster.yaml | kubectl apply --context=&#34;${CTX_SECOND_CLUSTER}&#34; -f -
</code></pre></li><li><p>Confirm that the remote cluster&rsquo;s webhook configuration has been installed:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl get mutatingwebhookconfiguration --context=&#34;${CTX_SECOND_CLUSTER}&#34;
NAME WEBHOOKS AGE
istio-sidecar-injector-external-istiod 4 4m13s
</code></pre></li><li><p>Create a secret with credentials to allow the control plane to access the endpoints on the second remote cluster
and install it:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl x create-remote-secret \
--context=&#34;${CTX_SECOND_CLUSTER}&#34; \
--name=&#34;${SECOND_CLUSTER_NAME}&#34; \
--type=remote \
--namespace=external-istiod \
--create-service-account=false | \
kubectl apply -f - --context=&#34;${CTX_REMOTE_CLUSTER}&#34; #TODO use --context=&#34;{CTX_EXTERNAL_CLUSTER}&#34; when #31946 is fixed.
</code></pre><p>Note that unlike the first remote cluster of the mesh, which also serves as the config cluster, the <code>--type</code> argument
is set to <code>remote</code> this time, instead of <code>config</code>.</p><div><aside class="callout tip"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.14/img/icons.svg#callout-tip"/></svg></div><div class=content>Note that the new secret can be applied in either the remote (config) cluster or in the external cluster,
because the external istiod is watching for additions in both clusters.</div></aside></div></li></ol><h3 id=setup-east-west-gateways>Setup east-west gateways</h3><ol><li><p>Deploy east-west gateways on both remote clusters:</p><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.14/samples/multicluster/gen-eastwest-gateway.sh>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ @samples/multicluster/gen-eastwest-gateway.sh@ \
--mesh mesh1 --cluster &#34;${REMOTE_CLUSTER_NAME}&#34; --network network1 &gt; eastwest-gateway-1.yaml
$ istioctl manifest generate -f eastwest-gateway-1.yaml \
--set values.global.istioNamespace=external-istiod | \
kubectl apply --context=&#34;${CTX_REMOTE_CLUSTER}&#34; -f -
</code></pre></div><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.14/samples/multicluster/gen-eastwest-gateway.sh>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ @samples/multicluster/gen-eastwest-gateway.sh@ \
--mesh mesh1 --cluster &#34;${SECOND_CLUSTER_NAME}&#34; --network network2 &gt; eastwest-gateway-2.yaml
$ istioctl manifest generate -f eastwest-gateway-2.yaml \
--set values.global.istioNamespace=external-istiod | \
kubectl apply --context=&#34;${CTX_SECOND_CLUSTER}&#34; -f -
</code></pre></div></li><li><p>Wait for the east-west gateways to be assigned external IP addresses:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl --context=&#34;${CTX_REMOTE_CLUSTER}&#34; get svc istio-eastwestgateway -n external-istiod
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
istio-eastwestgateway LoadBalancer 10.0.12.121 34.122.91.98 ... 51s
</code></pre><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl --context=&#34;${CTX_SECOND_CLUSTER}&#34; get svc istio-eastwestgateway -n external-istiod
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
istio-eastwestgateway LoadBalancer 10.0.12.121 34.122.91.99 ... 51s
</code></pre></li><li><p>Expose services via the east-west gateways:</p><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.14/samples/multicluster/expose-services.yaml>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl --context=&#34;${CTX_REMOTE_CLUSTER}&#34; apply -n external-istiod -f \
@samples/multicluster/expose-services.yaml@
</code></pre></div></li></ol><h3 id=validate-the-installation>Validate the installation</h3><ol><li><p>Create, and label for injection, the <code>sample</code> namespace on the remote cluster:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl create --context=&#34;${CTX_SECOND_CLUSTER}&#34; namespace sample
$ kubectl label --context=&#34;${CTX_SECOND_CLUSTER}&#34; namespace sample istio-injection=enabled
</code></pre></li><li><p>Deploy the <code>helloworld</code> (<code>v2</code>) and <code>sleep</code> samples:</p><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.14/samples/sleep/sleep.yaml>Zip</a><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.14/samples/helloworld/helloworld.yaml>Zip</a><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.14/samples/helloworld/helloworld.yaml>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply -f @samples/helloworld/helloworld.yaml@ -l service=helloworld -n sample --context=&#34;${CTX_SECOND_CLUSTER}&#34;
$ kubectl apply -f @samples/helloworld/helloworld.yaml@ -l version=v2 -n sample --context=&#34;${CTX_SECOND_CLUSTER}&#34;
$ kubectl apply -f @samples/sleep/sleep.yaml@ -n sample --context=&#34;${CTX_SECOND_CLUSTER}&#34;
</code></pre></div></li><li><p>Wait a few seconds for the <code>helloworld</code> and <code>sleep</code> pods to be running with sidecars injected:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl get pod -n sample --context=&#34;${CTX_SECOND_CLUSTER}&#34;
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
helloworld-v2-54df5f84b-9hxgw 2/2 Running 0 10s
sleep-557747455f-wtdbr 2/2 Running 0 9s
</code></pre></li><li><p>Send a request from the <code>sleep</code> pod to the <code>helloworld</code> service:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl exec --context=&#34;${CTX_SECOND_CLUSTER}&#34; -n sample -c sleep \
&#34;$(kubectl get pod --context=&#34;${CTX_SECOND_CLUSTER}&#34; -n sample -l app=sleep -o jsonpath=&#39;{.items[0].metadata.name}&#39;)&#34; \
-- curl -sS helloworld.sample:5000/hello
Hello version: v2, instance: helloworld-v2-54df5f84b-9hxgw
</code></pre></li><li><p>Confirm that when accessing the <code>helloworld</code> application several times through the ingress gateway, both version <code>v1</code>
and <code>v2</code> are now being called:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ for i in {1..10}; do curl -s &#34;http://${GATEWAY_URL}/hello&#34;; done
Hello version: v1, instance: helloworld-v1-776f57d5f6-s7zfc
Hello version: v2, instance: helloworld-v2-54df5f84b-9hxgw
Hello version: v1, instance: helloworld-v1-776f57d5f6-s7zfc
Hello version: v2, instance: helloworld-v2-54df5f84b-9hxgw
...
</code></pre></li></ol><nav id=see-also><h2>See also</h2><div class=see-also><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.14/blog/2022/istioctl-proxy/>Configuring istioctl for a remote cluster</a></p><p class=desc>Using a proxy server to support istioctl commands in a mesh with an external control plane.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.14/blog/2021/external-locality-failover/>Configuring failover for external services</a></p><p class=desc>Learn how to configure locality load balancing and failover for endpoints that are outside of your mesh.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.14/blog/2020/proxying-legacy-services-using-egress-gateways/>Proxying legacy services using Istio egress gateways</a></p><p class=desc>Deploy multiple Istio egress gateways independently to have fine-grained control of egress communication from the mesh.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.14/blog/2020/new-deployment-model/>Deploying Istio Control Planes Outside the Mesh</a></p><p class=desc>A new deployment model for Istio.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.14/blog/2020/istiod/>Introducing istiod: simplifying the control plane</a></p><p class=desc>Istiod consolidates the Istio control plane components into a single binary.</p></div></div></nav></article><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="Install and configure Istio for in-depth evaluation." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/install/helm/ class=next-link><svg class="icon left-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.14/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>Install with Helm</a></div><div class=right><a title="Deploy Istio and connect a workload running within a virtual machine to it." href=/v1.14/docs/setup/install/virtual-machine/ class=next-link>Virtual Machine Installation<svg class="icon right-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.14/img/icons.svg#right-arrow"/></svg></a></div></nav><div id=feedback><div id=feedback-initial>Was this information useful?<br><button class="btn feedback" onclick='sendFeedback("en",1)'>Yes</button>
<button class="btn feedback" onclick='sendFeedback("en",0)'>No</button></div><div id=feedback-comment>Do you have any suggestions for improvement?<br><br><input id=feedback-textbox type=text placeholder="Help us improve..." data-lang=en></div><div id=feedback-thankyou>Thanks for your feedback!</div></div><div id=endnotes-container aria-hidden=true><h2>Links</h2><ol id=endnotes></ol></div></div><div class=toc-container><nav class=toc aria-label="Table of Contents"><div id=toc><ol><li role=none aria-label="Before you begin"><a href=#before-you-begin>Before you begin</a><ol><li role=none aria-label=Clusters><a href=#clusters>Clusters</a><li role=none aria-label="API server access"><a href=#api-server-access>API server access</a><li role=none aria-label="Environment Variables"><a href=#environment-variables>Environment Variables</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Cluster configuration"><a href=#cluster-configuration>Cluster configuration</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Mesh operator steps"><a href=#mesh-operator-steps>Mesh operator steps</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Set up a gateway in the external cluster"><a href=#set-up-a-gateway-in-the-external-cluster>Set up a gateway in the external cluster</a><li role=none aria-label="Set up the remote config cluster"><a href=#set-up-the-remote-config-cluster>Set up the remote config cluster</a><li role=none aria-label="Set up the control plane in the external cluster"><a href=#set-up-the-control-plane-in-the-external-cluster>Set up the control plane in the external cluster</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Mesh admin steps"><a href=#mesh-admin-steps>Mesh admin steps</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Deploy a sample application"><a href=#deploy-a-sample-application>Deploy a sample application</a><li role=none aria-label="Enable gateways"><a href=#enable-gateways>Enable gateways</a><li role=none aria-label="Test the ingress gateway"><a href=#test-the-ingress-gateway>Test the ingress gateway</a></ol></li></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Adding clusters to the mesh (optional)"><a href=#adding-clusters>Adding clusters to the mesh (optional)</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Register the new cluster"><a href=#register-the-new-cluster>Register the new cluster</a><li role=none aria-label="Setup east-west gateways"><a href=#setup-east-west-gateways>Setup east-west gateways</a><li role=none aria-label="Validate the installation"><a href=#validate-the-installation>Validate the installation</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol></div></nav></div></main><footer class=footer><div class="footer-wrapper container-l"><div class="user-links footer-links"><a class=channel title="GitHub is where development takes place on Istio code" href=https://github.com/istio/community aria-label=GitHub><svg class="icon github"><use xlink:href="/v1.14/img/icons.svg#github"/></svg></a><a class=channel title="Access our team drive if you'd like to take a look at the Istio 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