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<button id=search-close title='Cancel search' type=reset aria-label='Cancel search'><svg class="icon menu-close"><use xlink:href="/v1.16/img/icons.svg#menu-close"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><div class=banner-container></div><nav aria-label=Breadcrumb class=container-l><ol><li><a href title="Get a bit more in-depth info about the Istio project.">About</a><svg class="icon breadcrumb-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.16/img/icons.svg#breadcrumb-arrow"/></svg></li><li><a href=/v1.16/about/faq/ title="Frequently Asked Questions about Istio.">FAQ</a><svg class="icon breadcrumb-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.16/img/icons.svg#breadcrumb-arrow"/></svg></li><li>Distributed Tracing</li></ol></nav><main class="primary container about"><div class=article-container><article aria-labelledby=title><div class=title-area><div style=width:100%><h1 id=title>Distributed Tracing FAQ</h1></div></div><nav class="toc-inlined toc-forced"><hr><div class=directory role=directory><nav id=InlineTableOfContents><ol><li role=none aria-label="How does distributed tracing work with Istio?"><a href=#how-distributed-tracing-works>How does distributed tracing work with Istio?</a></li><li role=none aria-label="What is required for distributed tracing with Istio?"><a href=#how-to-support-tracing>What is required for distributed tracing with Istio?</a></li><li role=none aria-label="How does Envoy-based tracing work?"><a href=#how-envoy-based-tracing-works>How does Envoy-based tracing work?</a></li><li role=none aria-label="What is the minimal Istio configuration required for distributed tracing?"><a href=#minimal-requirements>What is the minimal Istio configuration required for distributed tracing?</a></li><li role=none aria-label="What generates the initial Zipkin (B3) HTTP headers?"><a href=#initial-zipkin-header>What generates the initial Zipkin (B3) HTTP headers?</a></li><li role=none aria-label="Why can't Istio propagate headers instead of the application?"><a href=#istio-copy-headers>Why can't Istio propagate headers instead of the application?</a></li><li role=none aria-label="Why are my requests not being traced?"><a href=#no-tracing>Why are my requests not being traced?</a></li><li role=none aria-label="How can I control the volume of traces?"><a href=#control-sampling>How can I control the volume of traces?</a></li><li role=none aria-label="How do I disable tracing?"><a href=#disabling-tracing>How do I disable tracing?</a></li><li role=none aria-label="Can Istio send tracing information to an external Zipkin-compatible backend?"><a href=#external-zipkin>Can Istio send tracing information to an external Zipkin-compatible backend?</a></li><li role=none aria-label="Does Istio support request tracing for vert.x event bus messages?"><a href=#vert.x>Does Istio support request tracing for vert.x event bus messages?</a></li></ol></nav></div><hr></nav><div class=faq><h5 id=how-distributed-tracing-works class=question>How does distributed tracing work with Istio?</h5><div class=answer><p>Istio integrates with distributed tracing systems using <a href=#how-envoy-based-tracing-works>Envoy-based</a> tracing. With Envoy-based tracing integration, <a href=#istio-copy-headers>applications are responsible for forwarding tracing headers</a> for subsequent outgoing requests.</p><p>You can find additional information in the Istio Distributed Tracing (<a href=/v1.16/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/jaeger/>Jaeger</a>, <a href=/v1.16/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/lightstep/>Lightstep</a>, <a href=/v1.16/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/zipkin/>Zipkin</a>) Tasks and
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in the <a href=https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/intro/arch_overview/observability/tracing>Envoy tracing docs</a>.</p></div><h5 id=how-to-support-tracing class=question>What is required for distributed tracing with Istio?</h5><div class=answer><p>Istio enables reporting of trace spans for workload-to-workload communications within a mesh. However, in order for various trace spans to be stitched together for a complete view of the traffic flow, applications must propagate the trace context between incoming and outgoing requests.</p><p>In particular, Istio relies on applications to <a href=https://github.com/openzipkin/b3-propagation>propagate the B3 trace headers</a>, as well as the Envoy-generated request ID. These headers include:</p><ul><li><code>x-request-id</code></li><li><code>x-b3-traceid</code></li><li><code>x-b3-spanid</code></li><li><code>x-b3-parentspanid</code></li><li><code>x-b3-sampled</code></li><li><code>x-b3-flags</code></li><li><code>b3</code></li></ul><p>If you are using Lightstep, you will also need to forward the following headers:</p><ul><li><code>x-ot-span-context</code></li></ul><p>If you are using OpenTelemetry, OpenCensus or Stackdriver, you will also need to forward the following headers:</p><ul><li><code>traceparent</code></li><li><code>tracestate</code></li></ul><p>Header propagation may be accomplished through client libraries, such as <a href=https://zipkin.io/pages/tracers_instrumentation.html>Zipkin</a> or <a href=https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger-client-java/tree/master/jaeger-core#b3-propagation>Jaeger</a>. It may also be accomplished manually, as documented in the <a href=/v1.16/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/overview/#trace-context-propagation>Distributed Tracing Task</a>.</p></div><h5 id=how-envoy-based-tracing-works class=question>How does Envoy-based tracing work?</h5><div class=answer><p>For Envoy-based tracing integrations, Envoy (the sidecar proxy) sends tracing information directly to tracing backends on behalf of the applications being proxied.</p><p>Envoy:</p><ul><li>generates request IDs and trace headers (i.e., <code>X-B3-TraceId</code>) for requests as they flow through the proxy</li><li>generates trace spans for each request based on request and response metadata (i.e., response time)</li><li>sends the generated trace spans to the tracing backends</li><li>forwards the trace headers to the proxied application</li></ul><p>Istio supports the Envoy-based integrations of <a href=/v1.16/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/lightstep/>Lightstep</a> and <a href=/v1.16/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/zipkin/>Zipkin</a>, as well as all Zipkin API-compatible backends, including <a href=/v1.16/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/jaeger/>Jaeger</a>.</p></div><h5 id=minimal-requirements class=question>What is the minimal Istio configuration required for distributed tracing?</h5><div class=answer><p>The <a href=https://archive.istio.io/1.4/docs/setup/install/helm/>Istio minimal profile</a> with tracing enabled is all that is required for Istio to integrate with Zipkin-compatible backends.</p></div><h5 id=initial-zipkin-header class=question>What generates the initial Zipkin (B3) HTTP headers?</h5><div class=answer><p>The Istio sidecar proxy (Envoy) generates the initial <a href=https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/configuration/http/http_conn_man/headers#x-request-id>headers</a>, if they are not provided by the request.</p></div><h5 id=istio-copy-headers class=question>Why can't Istio propagate headers instead of the application?</h5><div class=answer><p>Although an Istio sidecar will process both inbound and outbound requests for an associated application instance, it has no implicit way of correlating
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the outbound requests to the inbound request that caused them. The only way this correlation can be achieved is if the application
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propagates relevant information (i.e. headers) from the inbound request to the outbound requests. Header propagation may be accomplished through client
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libraries or manually. Further discussion is provided in <a href=/v1.16/about/faq/#how-to-support-tracing>What is required for distributed tracing with Istio?</a>.</p></div><h5 id=no-tracing class=question>Why are my requests not being traced?</h5><div class=answer><p>Since Istio 1.0.3, the sampling rate for tracing has been reduced to 1% in the <code>default</code>
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<a href=/v1.16/docs/setup/additional-setup/config-profiles/>configuration profile</a>.
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This means that only 1 out of 100 trace instances captured by Istio will be reported to the tracing backend.
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The sampling rate in the <code>demo</code> profile is still set to 100%. See
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<a href=/v1.16/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/mesh-and-proxy-config/#customizing-trace-sampling>this section</a>
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for more information on how to set the sampling rate.</p><p>If you still do not see any trace data, please confirm that your ports conform to the Istio <a href=/v1.16/about/faq/#naming-port-convention>port naming conventions</a> and that the appropriate container port is exposed (via pod spec, for example) to enable
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traffic capture by the sidecar proxy (Envoy).</p><p>If you only see trace data associated with the egress proxy, but not the ingress proxy, it may still be related to the Istio <a href=/v1.16/about/faq/#naming-port-convention>port naming conventions</a>. Starting with <a href=/v1.16/news/releases/1.3.x/announcing-1.3/#intelligent-protocol-detection-experimental>Istio 1.3</a> the protocol for <strong>outbound</strong> traffic is automatically detected.</p></div><h5 id=control-sampling class=question>How can I control the volume of traces?</h5><div class=answer><p>Istio, via Envoy, currently supports a percentage-based sampling strategy for trace generation.
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Please see <a href=/v1.16/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/mesh-and-proxy-config/#customizing-trace-sampling>this section</a> for more information on how to set this sampling rate.</p></div><h5 id=disabling-tracing class=question>How do I disable tracing?</h5><div class=answer><p>If you already have installed Istio with tracing enabled, you can disable it as follows:</p><pre><code class=language-plain data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio># Fill <istio namespace> with the namespace of your istio mesh.Ex: istio-system
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TRACING_POD=`kubectl get po -n <istio namespace> | grep istio-tracing | awk '{print $1}'`
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$ kubectl delete pod $TRACING_POD -n <istio namespace>
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$ kubectl delete services tracing zipkin -n <istio namespace>
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# Now, manually remove instances of trace_zipkin_url from the file and save it.
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</code></pre><p>Then follow the steps of the <a href=/v1.16/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/zipkin/#cleanup>cleanup section of the Distributed Tracing task</a>.</p><p>If you don’t want tracing functionality at all, then <a href=/v1.16/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/zipkin/#before-you-begin>disable tracing</a> when installing Istio.</p></div><h5 id=external-zipkin class=question>Can Istio send tracing information to an external Zipkin-compatible backend?</h5><div class=answer><p>To do so, you must you use the fully qualified domain name of the Zipkin-compatible instance. For example:
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<code>zipkin.mynamespace.svc.cluster.local</code>.</p></div><h5 id=vert.x class=question>Does Istio support request tracing for vert.x event bus messages?</h5><div class=answer><p>Istio does not currently provide support for pub/sub and event bus protocols. 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