istio.io/archive/v1.2/docs/concepts/observability/index.html

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<button id=search-close title="Cancel search" type=reset aria-label="Cancel search"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#cancel-x"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><main class=primary><div id=sidebar-container class="sidebar-container sidebar-offcanvas"><nav id=sidebar aria-label="Section Navigation"><div class=directory><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card24 title="Learn about the different parts of the Istio system and the abstractions it uses." aria-controls=card24-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#concepts"/></svg>Concepts</button><div class="body default" aria-labelledby=card24 role=region id=card24-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card24><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduces Istio, the problems it solves, its high-level architecture and design goals." href=/v1.2/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/>What is Istio?</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the various Istio features focused on traffic routing and control." href=/v1.2/docs/concepts/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality." href=/v1.2/docs/concepts/security/>Policies and Security</a></li><li role=none><span role=treeitem class=current title="Describes the telemetry and monitoring features provided by Istio.">Observability</span></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduces performance and scalability for Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/concepts/performance-and-scalability/>Performance and Scalability</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how a service mesh can be configured to include services from more than one cluster." href=/v1.2/docs/concepts/multicluster-deployments/>Multicluster Deployments</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card46 title="How to deploy and upgrade Istio in various environments such as Kubernetes and Consul." aria-controls=card46-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#setup"/></svg>Setup</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card46 role=region id=card46-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card46><li role=treeitem aria-label=Kubernetes><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes and adding virtual machines into the mesh." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/>Kubernetes</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Download, install, and try out Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/getting-started/>Getting Started</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Platform Setup"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="How to prepare various Kubernetes platforms before installing Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/platform-setup/>Platform Setup</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Alibaba Cloud Kubernetes cluster for Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/platform-setup/alicloud/>Alibaba Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Azure cluster for Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/platform-setup/azure/>Azure</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup Docker Desktop for use with Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/platform-setup/docker/>Docker Desktop</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a Google Kubernetes Engine cluster for Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/platform-setup/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an IBM Cloud cluster for Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/platform-setup/ibm/>IBM Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a Gardener cluster for Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/platform-setup/gardener/>Kubernetes Gardener</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup minikube for use with Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/platform-setup/minikube/>Minikube</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OpenShift cluster for Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/platform-setup/openshift/>OpenShift</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OKE cluster for Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/platform-setup/oci/>Oracle Cloud Infrastructure</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Install><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Choose the guide that best suits your needs and platform." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/>Install</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio in a Kubernetes cluster for evaluation." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/kubernetes/>Quick Start Evaluation Install</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and configure Istio for in-depth evaluation or production use." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/helm/>Customizable Install with Helm</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Multicluster Installation"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Configure an Istio mesh spanning multiple Kubernetes clusters." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/multicluster/>Multicluster Installation</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters with individually deployed control planes." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/multicluster/gateways/>Multiple control planes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters with a shared control plane and VPN connectivity between clusters." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/multicluster/shared-vpn/>Shared control plane (single-network)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters using a shared control plane for diconnected cluster networks." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/multicluster/shared-gateways/>Shared control plane (multi-network)</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Platform-specific Instructions"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Additional installation instructions for supported Kubernetes platforms." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/>Platform-specific Instructions</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio using the Alibaba Cloud Kubernetes Container Service." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/alicloud/>Alibaba Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio using the Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio using IBM Cloud Public or IBM Cloud Private." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/ibm/>IBM Cloud</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Upgrade><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Information on upgrading Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/upgrade/>Upgrade</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Important changes operators must understand before upgrading to Istio 1.2." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/upgrade/notice/>1.2 Upgrade Notice</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Upgrade the Istio control plane and data plane independently." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/upgrade/steps/>Upgrade Steps</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="More Guides"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="More information on additional setup tasks." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/>More Guides</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Prepare your Kubernetes pods and services to run in an Istio-enabled cluster." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/requirements/>Pods and Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the built-in Istio installation configuration profiles." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/config-profiles/>Installation Configuration Profiles</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/>Installing the Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and use Istio with the Istio CNI plugin, allowing operators to deploy services with lower privilege." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/cni/>Install Istio with the Istio CNI plugin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Integrate VMs and bare metal hosts into an Istio mesh deployed on Kubernetes." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/mesh-expansion/>Mesh Expansion</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Nomad &amp; Consul"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/consul/>Nomad &amp; Consul</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/consul/quick-start/>Quick Start on Docker</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul-based environment, with or without Nomad." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/consul/install/>Installation</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card69 title="How to do single specific targeted activities with the Istio system." aria-controls=card69-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#tasks"/></svg>Tasks</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card69 role=region id=card69-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card69><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Tasks that demonstrate Istio's traffic routing features." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing to multiple versions of a microservice." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing/>Request Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to inject faults to test the resiliency of your application." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection/>Fault Injection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting/>Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate TCP traffic from an old to new version of a TCP service." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/tcp-traffic-shifting/>TCP Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts/>Request Timeouts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure circuit breaking for connections, requests, and outlier detection." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking/>Circuit Breaking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task demonstrates the traffic mirroring/shadowing capabilities of Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring/>Mirroring</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Ingress><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling ingress traffic for an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/>Ingress</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Istio gateway to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-control/>Ingress Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Expose a service outside of the service mesh over TLS or mTLS using file-mounted certificates." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/secure-ingress-mount/>Secure Gateways (File Mount)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Expose a service outside of the service mesh over TLS or mTLS using the secret discovery service (SDS)." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/secure-ingress-sds/>Secure Gateways (SDS)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI passthrough for an ingress gateway." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-sni-passthrough/>Ingress Gateway without TLS Termination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Demonstrates how to obtain Let's Encrypt TLS certificates for Kubernetes Ingress automatically using Cert-Manager." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-certmgr/>Kubernetes Ingress with Cert-Manager</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Egress><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling egress traffic for an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/>Egress</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-control/>Accessing External Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to perform TLS origination for traffic to external services." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-tls-origination/>Egress TLS Origination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to direct traffic to external services through a dedicated gateway." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-gateway/>Egress Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Egress Gateway to perform TLS origination to external services." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-gateway-tls-origination/>Egress Gateways with TLS Origination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to enable egress traffic for a set of hosts in a common domain, instead of configuring each and every host separately." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/wildcard-egress-hosts/>Egress using Wildcard Hosts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI monitoring and apply policies on TLS egress traffic." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress_sni_monitoring_and_policies/>Monitoring and Policies for TLS Egress</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to let applications use an external HTTPS proxy." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/http-proxy/>Using an External HTTPS Proxy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to secure the mesh." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use Istio authentication policy to setup mutual TLS and basic end-user authentication." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/authn-policy/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up role-based access control for HTTP services." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/authz-http/>Authorization for HTTP Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up role-based access control for TCP services." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/authz-tcp/>Authorization for TCP Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Tutorial on how to configure the groups-base authorization and configure the authorization of list-typed claims in Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/rbac-groups/>Authorization for groups and list claims</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to use Authorization permissive mode." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/authz-permissive/>Authorization permissive mode</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to integrate a Vault Certificate Authority with Istio for mutual TLS." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/vault-ca/>Istio Vault CA Integration</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to verify and test Istio's automatic mutual TLS authentication." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/mutual-tls/>Mutual TLS Deep-Dive</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how operators can configure Citadel with existing root certificate, signing certificate and key." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/plugin-ca-cert/>Plugging in External CA Key and Certificate</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to enable Citadel health checking with Kubernetes." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/health-check/>Citadel Health Checking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to enable SDS (secret discovery service) for Istio identity provisioning." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/auth-sds/>Provisioning Identity through SDS</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to incrementally migrate your Istio services to mutual TLS." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/mtls-migration/>Mutual TLS Migration</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to enable mutual TLS on HTTPS services." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/https-overlay/>Mutual TLS over HTTPS</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Policies><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates policy enforcement features." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/>Policies</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to enable Istio policy enforcement." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/enabling-policy/>Enabling Policy Enforcement</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to use Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limiting/>Enabling Rate Limits</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to modify request headers and routing using policy adapters." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/control-headers/>Control Headers and Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to control access to a service using simple denials or white/black listing." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/denial-and-list/>Denials and White/Black Listing</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Telemetry><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to collect telemetry information from the mesh." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/>Telemetry</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label=Metrics><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the configuration, collection, and processing of Istio mesh metrics." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/>Metrics</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect and customize metrics." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/collecting-metrics/>Collecting Metrics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/tcp-metrics/>Collecting Metrics for TCP services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/querying-metrics/>Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/using-istio-dashboard/>Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Logs><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the configuration, collection, and processing of Istio mesh logs." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/>Logs</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect and customize logs." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/collecting-logs/>Collecting Logs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Envoy proxies to print access log to their standard output." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/access-log/>Getting Envoy&#39;s Access Logs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to log to a Fluentd daemon." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/fluentd/>Logging with Fluentd</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Distributed Tracing"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio-enabled applications to collect trace spans." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/>Distributed Tracing</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Overview of distributed tracing in Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/overview/>Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Jaeger." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/jaeger/>Jaeger</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to LightStep." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/lightstep/>LightStep</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to visualize your services within an Istio mesh." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/kiali/>Visualizing Your Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure external access to the set of Istio telemetry addons." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/gateways/>Remotely Accessing Telemetry Addons</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card83 title="A variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with." aria-controls=card83-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#examples"/></svg>Examples</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card83 role=region id=card83-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card83><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices used to demonstrate various Istio features." href=/v1.2/docs/examples/bookinfo/>Bookinfo Application</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Explains how to manually integrate Google Cloud Endpoints services with Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/examples/endpoints/>Install Istio for Google Cloud Endpoints Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Illustrates how to use Istio to control a Kubernetes cluster and raw VMs as a single mesh." href=/v1.2/docs/examples/integrating-vms/>Integrating Virtual Machines</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Multicluster Service Mesh"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Multicluster service mesh examples for Istio that you can experiment with." href=/v1.2/docs/examples/multicluster/>Multicluster Service Mesh</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Set up a multicluster mesh over two GKE clusters." href=/v1.2/docs/examples/multicluster/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Example multicluster mesh over two IBM Cloud Private clusters." href=/v1.2/docs/examples/multicluster/icp/>IBM Cloud Private</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card100 title="Hints, tips, tricks about running an Istio mesh." aria-controls=card100-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#guide"/></svg>Operations</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card100 role=region id=card100-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card100><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to use component-level logging to get insights into a running component's behavior." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/component-logging/>Component Logging</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to use ControlZ to get insight into individual running components." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/controlz/>Component Introspection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to do low-level debugging of Istio components." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/component-debugging/>Component Debugging</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the networking aspects of a running mesh." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An introduction to Istio networking operational aspects." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/traffic-management/introduction/>Introduction to Network Operations</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provides specific deployment and configuration guidelines." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/traffic-management/deploy-guidelines/>Deployment and Configuration Guidelines</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes common networking issues and how to recognize and avoid them." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/traffic-management/troubleshooting/>Troubleshooting Networking Issues</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes tools and techniques to diagnose Envoy configuration issues related to traffic management." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/traffic-management/proxy-cmd/>Debugging Envoy and Pilot</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to enable and understand Locality Load Balancing." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/traffic-management/locality-load-balancing/>Locality Load Balancing</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the security aspects of a running mesh." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Demonstrates how to debug authorization." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/security/debugging-authorization/>Debugging Authorization</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="What to do if Citadel is not behaving properly." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/security/repairing-citadel/>Repairing Citadel</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="What to do if you suspect problems with Istio keys and certificates." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/security/keys-and-certs/>Keys and Certificates</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="What to do if mutual TLS authentication isn't working." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/security/mutual-tls/>Mutual TLS</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Authorization is enabled, but requests make it through anyway." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/security/authorization-permissive/>Authorization Too Permissive</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Authorization is enabled and no requests make it through to the service." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/security/authorization-restrictive/>Authorization Too Restrictive</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="What to do if end-user authentication doesn't work." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/security/end-user-auth/>End User Authentication</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to extend the lifetime of the Istio self-signed root certificate." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/security/root-transition/>Extending Self-Signed Certificate Lifetime</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Telemetry><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage telemetry collection and visualization in a running mesh." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/telemetry/>Telemetry</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Diagnose problems where metrics are not being collected." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/telemetry/missing-metrics/>Missing Metrics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Dealing with Grafana issues." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/telemetry/grafana/>Grafana</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Fine-grained control of Envoy statistics." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/telemetry/envoy-stats/>Envoy Statistics</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Installation and Setup"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you diagnose and repair Istio installations." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/setup/>Installation and Setup</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provides a general overview of Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks and the related issues that can arise." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/setup/webhook/>Dynamic Admission Webhooks Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for server-side configuration validation." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/setup/validation/>Configuration Validation Webhook</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio includes a supplemental tool that provides debugging and diagnosis for Istio service mesh deployments." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/setup/istioctl/>Using the istioctl command-line tool</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for automatic sidecar injection." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/setup/injection/>Sidecar Injection Webhook</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to check which capabilities are allowed for your pods." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/setup/required-pod-capabilities/>Required Pod Capabilities</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to do health checking for Istio services." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/setup/app-health-check/>Health Checking of Istio Services</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Advice on tackling common problems with Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/misc/>Miscellaneous</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card130 title="Detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters." aria-controls=card130-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#reference"/></svg>Reference</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card130 role=region id=card130-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card130><li role=treeitem aria-label=Configuration><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Detailed information on configuration options." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/>Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure HTTP/TCP routing features." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/networking/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting load balancing, outlier detection, etc." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/destination-rule/>Destination Rule</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting insertion of custom Envoy filters." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/envoy-filter/>Envoy Filter</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting edge load balancer." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/gateway/>Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting service registry." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/service-entry/>Service Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting network reachability of a sidecar." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/sidecar/>Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting label/content routing, sni routing, etc." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/virtual-service/>Virtual Service</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Authorization><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio's authorization features." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/authorization/>Authorization</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the supported constraints and properties." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/authorization/constraints-and-properties/>Constraints and Properties</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Role Based Access Control." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/authorization/istio.rbac.v1alpha1/>RBAC</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the options available when installing Istio using the included Helm chart." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/installation-options/>Installation Options</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Details the Helm chart installation options differences between release-1.1 and release-1.2." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/installation-options-changes/>Installation Options Changes</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Policies and Telemetry"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio's policy and telemetry features." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/>Policies and Telemetry</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the configuration model for Istio's policy enforcement and telemetry mechanisms." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/mixer-overview/>Mixer Configuration Model</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the base attribute vocabulary used for policy and control." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/attribute-vocabulary/>Attribute Vocabulary</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Mixer configuration expression language reference." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/expression-language/>Expression Language</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Adapters><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Mixer adapters allow Istio to interface to a variety of infrastructure backends for such things as metrics and logs." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/>Adapters</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Apache SkyWalking." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/apache-skywalking/>Apache SkyWalking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for Apigee's distributed policy checks and analytics." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/apigee/>Apigee</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for circonus.com's monitoring solution." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/circonus/>Circonus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for cloudmonitor metrics." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudmonitor/>CloudMonitor</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for cloudwatch metrics." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudwatch/>CloudWatch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a dogstatsd agent for delivery to DataDog." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/datadog/>Datadog</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that always returns a precondition denial." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/denier/>Denier</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that delivers logs to a Fluentd daemon." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/fluentd/>Fluentd</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that extracts information from a Kubernetes environment." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/kubernetesenv/>Kubernetes Env</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that performs whitelist or blacklist checks." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/list/>List</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for a simple in-memory quota management system." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/memquota/>Memory quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that implements an Open Policy Agent engine." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/opa/>OPA</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that exposes Istio metrics for ingestion by a Prometheus harvester." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/prometheus/>Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for a Redis-based quota management system." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/redisquota/>Redis Quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that sends metrics to SignalFx." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/signalfx/>SignalFx</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Papertrail and AppOptics backends." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/solarwinds/>SolarWinds</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver logs, metrics, and traces to Stackdriver." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stackdriver/>Stackdriver</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a StatsD backend." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/statsd/>StatsD</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to locally output logs and metrics." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stdio/>Stdio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Wavefront by VMware." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/wavefront/>Wavefront by VMware</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver tracing data to Zipkin." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Default Metrics exported from Istio through Mixer." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/metrics/>Default Metrics</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Templates><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Mixer templates are used to send data to individual adapters." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/>Templates</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single API key." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/apikey/>API Key</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Analytics template is used to dispatch runtime telemetry to Apigee." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/analytics/>Analytics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template used to represent an access control query." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/authorization/>Authorization</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/checknothing/>Check Nothing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template designed to report observed communication edges between workloads." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/edge/>Edge</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that is used to control the production of Kubernetes-specific attributes." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/kubernetes/>Kubernetes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template designed to let you perform list checking operations." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/listentry/>List Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single runtime log entry." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/logentry/>Log Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single runtime metric." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/metric/>Metric</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a quota allocation request." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/quota/>Quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/reportnothing/>Report Nothing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents an individual span within a distributed trace." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/tracespan/>Trace Span</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration state for the Mixer client library." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.mixer.v1.config.client/>Mixer Client</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the rules used to configure Mixer's policy and telemetry features." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.policy.v1beta1/>Rules</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Authentication policy for Istio services." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/istio.authentication.v1alpha1/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting the service mesh as a whole." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/istio.mesh.v1alpha1/>Service Mesh</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Commands><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes usage and options of the Istio commands and utilities." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/commands/>Commands</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Galley provides configuration management services for Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/commands/galley/>galley</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Certificate Authority (CA)." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/commands/istio_ca/>istio_ca</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio control interface." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/>istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Mixer is Istio's abstraction on top of infrastructure backends." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/commands/mixs/>mixs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio security per-node agent." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/commands/node_agent/>node_agent</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Istio operator." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/commands/operator/>operator</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot agent." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/commands/pilot-agent/>pilot-agent</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery/>pilot-discovery</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Kubernetes webhook for automatic Istio sidecar injection." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/commands/sidecar-injector/>sidecar-injector</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A glossary of common Istio terms." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/glossary/>Glossary</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav></div><div class=article-container><button tabindex=-1 id=sidebar-toggler title="Toggle the navigation bar"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#pull"/></svg></button><nav aria-label=Breadcrumb><ol><li><a href=/v1.2/ title="Connect, secure, control, and observe services.">Istio</a></li><li><a href=/v1.2/docs/ title="Learn how to deploy, use, and operate Istio.">Docs</a></li><li><a href=/v1.2/docs/concepts/ title="Learn about the different parts of the Istio system and the abstractions it uses.">Concepts</a></li><li>Observability</li></ol></nav><article aria-labelledby=title><div class=title-area><div><h1 id=title>Observability</h1><p class=byline><span title="1003 words"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#clock"/></svg><span>&nbsp;</span>5 minute read</span></p></div></div><nav class=toc-inlined aria-label="Table of Contents"><div><hr><ol><li role=none aria-label=Metrics><a href=#metrics>Metrics</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Proxy-level Metrics"><a href=#proxy-level-metrics>Proxy-level Metrics</a><li role=none aria-label="Service-level Metrics"><a href=#service-level-metrics>Service-level Metrics</a><li role=none aria-label="Control Plane Metrics"><a href=#control-plane-metrics>Control Plane Metrics</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Distributed Traces"><a href=#distributed-traces>Distributed Traces</a><li role=none aria-label="Access Logs"><a href=#access-logs>Access Logs</a><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol><hr></div></nav><p>Istio generates detailed telemetry for all service communications within a mesh. This telemetry provides <em>observability</em> of service behavior,
empowering operators to troubleshoot, maintain, and optimize their applications &ndash; without imposing any additional burdens on service developers. Through
Istio, operators gain a thorough understanding of how monitored services are interacting, both with other services and with the Istio components themselves.</p><p>Istio generates the following types of telemetry in order to provide overall service mesh observability:</p><ul><li><a href=#metrics><strong>Metrics</strong></a>. Istio generates a set of service metrics based on the four &ldquo;golden signals&rdquo; of monitoring (latency, traffic, errors, and
saturation). Istio also provides detailed metrics for the <a href=/v1.2/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/#architecture>mesh control plane</a>.
A default set of mesh monitoring dashboards built on top of these metrics is also provided.</li><li><a href=#distributed-traces><strong>Distributed Traces</strong></a>. Istio generates distributed trace spans for each service, providing operators with a detailed understanding
of call flows and service dependencies within a mesh.</li><li><a href=#access-logs><strong>Access Logs</strong></a>. As traffic flows into a service within a mesh, Istio can generate a full record of each request, including source and
destination metadata. This information enables operators to audit service behavior down to the individual
<a href=/v1.2/docs/reference/glossary/#workload-instance>workload instance</a> level.</li></ul><h2 id=metrics>Metrics</h2><p>Metrics provide a way of monitoring and understanding behavior in aggregate.</p><p>To monitor service behavior, Istio generates metrics for all service traffic in, out, and within an Istio service mesh. These metrics provide information on
behaviors such as the overall volume of traffic, the error rates within the traffic, and the response times for requests.</p><p>In addition to monitoring the behavior of services within a mesh, it is also important to monitor the behavior of the mesh itself. Istio components export
metrics on their own internal behaviors to provide insight on the health and function of the mesh control plane.</p><p>Istio metrics collection is driven by operator configuration. Operators select how and when to collect metrics, as well as how detailed the metrics themselves
should be. This enables operators to flexibly tune metrics collection to meet their individual needs.</p><h3 id=proxy-level-metrics>Proxy-level Metrics</h3><p>Istio metrics collection begins with the sidecar proxies (Envoy). Each proxy generates a rich set of metrics about all traffic passing through the proxy (both
inbound and outbound). The proxies also provide detailed statistics about the administrative functions of the proxy itself, including configuration and health
information.</p><p>Envoy-generated metrics provide monitoring of the mesh at the granularity of Envoy resources (such as listeners and clusters). As a result, understanding the
connection between mesh services and Envoy resources is required for monitoring the Envoy metrics.</p><p>Istio enables operators to select which of the Envoy metrics are generated and collected at each workload instance. By default, Istio enables only a small
subset of the Envoy-generated statistics to avoid overwhelming metrics backends and to reduce the CPU overhead associated with metrics collection. However,
operators can easily expand the set of collected proxy metrics when required. This enables targeted debugging of networking behavior, while reducing the
overall cost of monitoring across the mesh.</p><p>The <a href=https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/>Envoy documentation site</a> includes a detailed overview of <a href="https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/intro/arch_overview/observability/statistics.html?highlight=statistics">Envoy statistics collection</a>.
The operations guide on <a href=/v1.2/docs/ops/telemetry/envoy-stats/>Envoy Statistics</a> provides more information on controlling the generation of proxy-level metrics.</p><p>Example proxy-level Metrics:</p><pre><code class=language-json>envoy_cluster_internal_upstream_rq{response_code_class=&quot;2xx&quot;,cluster_name=&quot;xds-grpc&quot;} 7163
envoy_cluster_upstream_rq_completed{cluster_name=&quot;xds-grpc&quot;} 7164
envoy_cluster_ssl_connection_error{cluster_name=&quot;xds-grpc&quot;} 0
envoy_cluster_lb_subsets_removed{cluster_name=&quot;xds-grpc&quot;} 0
envoy_cluster_internal_upstream_rq{response_code=&quot;503&quot;,cluster_name=&quot;xds-grpc&quot;} 1
</code></pre><h3 id=service-level-metrics>Service-level Metrics</h3><p>In addition to the proxy-level metrics, Istio provides a set of service-oriented metrics for monitoring service communications. These metrics cover the four
basic service monitoring needs: latency, traffic, errors, and saturation. Istio ships with a default set of
<a href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/using-istio-dashboard/>dashboards</a> for monitoring service behaviors based on these metrics.</p><p>The <a href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/metrics/>default Istio metrics</a> are defined by a set of configuration artifacts that ship with Istio and are
exported to <a href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/prometheus/>Prometheus</a> by default. Operators are free to modify the
shape and content of these metrics, as well as to change their collection mechanism, to meet their individual monitoring needs.</p><p>The <a href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/collecting-metrics/>Collecting Metrics</a> task provides more information on customizing Istio metrics generation.</p><p>Use of the service-level metrics is entirely optional. Operators may choose to turn off generation and collection of these metrics to meet their individual
needs.</p><p>Example service-level metric:</p><pre><code class=language-json>istio_requests_total{
connection_security_policy=&quot;mutual_tls&quot;,
destination_app=&quot;details&quot;,
destination_principal=&quot;cluster.local/ns/default/sa/default&quot;,
destination_service=&quot;details.default.svc.cluster.local&quot;,
destination_service_name=&quot;details&quot;,
destination_service_namespace=&quot;default&quot;,
destination_version=&quot;v1&quot;,
destination_workload=&quot;details-v1&quot;,
destination_workload_namespace=&quot;default&quot;,
reporter=&quot;destination&quot;,
request_protocol=&quot;http&quot;,
response_code=&quot;200&quot;,
response_flags=&quot;-&quot;,
source_app=&quot;productpage&quot;,
source_principal=&quot;cluster.local/ns/default/sa/default&quot;,
source_version=&quot;v1&quot;,
source_workload=&quot;productpage-v1&quot;,
source_workload_namespace=&quot;default&quot;
} 214
</code></pre><h3 id=control-plane-metrics>Control Plane Metrics</h3><p>Each Istio component (Pilot, Galley, Mixer) also provides a collection of self-monitoring metrics. These metrics allow monitoring of the behavior
of Istio itself (as distinct from that of the services within the mesh).</p><p>For more information on which metrics are maintained, please refer to the reference documentation for each of the components:</p><ul><li><a href=/v1.2/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery/#metrics>Pilot</a></li><li><a href=/v1.2/docs/reference/commands/galley/#metrics>Galley</a></li><li><a href=/v1.2/docs/reference/commands/mixs/#metrics>Mixer</a></li><li><a href=/v1.2/docs/reference/commands/istio_ca/#metrics>Citadel</a></li></ul><h2 id=distributed-traces>Distributed Traces</h2><p>Distributed tracing provides a way to monitor and understand behavior by monitoring individual requests as they flow through a mesh.
Traces empower mesh operators to understand service dependencies and the sources of latency within their service mesh.</p><p>Istio supports distributed tracing through the Envoy proxies. The proxies automatically generate trace spans on behalf of the applications they proxy,
requiring only that the applications forward the appropriate request context.</p><p>Istio supports a number of tracing backends, including <a href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/zipkin/>Zipkin</a>,
<a href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/jaeger/>Jaeger</a>, <a href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/lightstep/>LightStep</a>, and
<a href=https://www.datadoghq.com/blog/monitor-istio-with-datadog/>Datadog</a>. Operators control the sampling rate for trace generation (that is, the rate at
which tracing data is generated per request). This allows operators to control the amount and rate of tracing data being produced for their mesh.</p><p>More information about Distributed Tracing with Istio is found in our <a href=/v1.2/faq/distributed-tracing/>FAQ on Distributed Tracing</a>.</p><p>Example Istio-generated distributed trace for a single request:</p><figure style=width:100%><div class=wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio style=padding-bottom:40.150564617314934%><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/zipkin/istio-tracing-details-zipkin.png title="Distributed Trace for a single request"><img class=element-to-stretch src=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/zipkin/istio-tracing-details-zipkin.png alt="Distributed Trace for a single request"></a></div><figcaption>Distributed Trace for a single request</figcaption></figure><h2 id=access-logs>Access Logs</h2><p>Access logs provide a way to monitor and understand behavior from the perspective of an individual workload instance.</p><p>Istio can generate access logs for service traffic in a configurable set of formats, providing operators with full control of the how, what, when and where of
logging. Istio exposes a full set of source and destination metadata to the access logging mechanisms, allowing detailed audit of network transactions.</p><p>Access logs may be generated locally or exported to custom backends, including <a href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/fluentd/>Fluentd</a>.</p><p>More information on access logging is provided in the <a href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/collecting-logs/>Collecting Logs</a> and the <a href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/access-log/>Getting Envoy&rsquo;s Access Logs</a> tasks.</p><p>Example Istio access log (formatted in JSON):</p><pre><code class=language-json>{&quot;level&quot;:&quot;info&quot;,&quot;time&quot;:&quot;2019-06-11T20:57:35.424310Z&quot;,&quot;instance&quot;:&quot;accesslog.instance.istio-control&quot;,&quot;connection_security_policy&quot;:&quot;mutual_tls&quot;,&quot;destinationApp&quot;:&quot;productpage&quot;,&quot;destinationIp&quot;:&quot;10.44.2.15&quot;,&quot;destinationName&quot;:&quot;productpage-v1-6db7564db8-pvsnd&quot;,&quot;destinationNamespace&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;destinationOwner&quot;:&quot;kubernetes://apis/apps/v1/namespaces/default/deployments/productpage-v1&quot;,&quot;destinationPrincipal&quot;:&quot;cluster.local/ns/default/sa/default&quot;,&quot;destinationServiceHost&quot;:&quot;productpage.default.svc.cluster.local&quot;,&quot;destinationWorkload&quot;:&quot;productpage-v1&quot;,&quot;httpAuthority&quot;:&quot;35.202.6.119&quot;,&quot;latency&quot;:&quot;35.076236ms&quot;,&quot;method&quot;:&quot;GET&quot;,&quot;protocol&quot;:&quot;http&quot;,&quot;receivedBytes&quot;:917,&quot;referer&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reporter&quot;:&quot;destination&quot;,&quot;requestId&quot;:&quot;e3f7cffb-5642-434d-ae75-233a05b06158&quot;,&quot;requestSize&quot;:0,&quot;requestedServerName&quot;:&quot;outbound_.9080_._.productpage.default.svc.cluster.local&quot;,&quot;responseCode&quot;:200,&quot;responseFlags&quot;:&quot;-&quot;,&quot;responseSize&quot;:4183,&quot;responseTimestamp&quot;:&quot;2019-06-11T20:57:35.459150Z&quot;,&quot;sentBytes&quot;:4328,&quot;sourceApp&quot;:&quot;istio-ingressgateway&quot;,&quot;sourceIp&quot;:&quot;10.44.0.8&quot;,&quot;sourceName&quot;:&quot;ingressgateway-7748774cbf-bvf4j&quot;,&quot;sourceNamespace&quot;:&quot;istio-control&quot;,&quot;sourceOwner&quot;:&quot;kubernetes://apis/apps/v1/namespaces/istio-control/deployments/ingressgateway&quot;,&quot;sourcePrincipal&quot;:&quot;cluster.local/ns/istio-control/sa/default&quot;,&quot;sourceWorkload&quot;:&quot;ingressgateway&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;/productpage&quot;,&quot;userAgent&quot;:&quot;curl/7.54.0&quot;,&quot;xForwardedFor&quot;:&quot;10.128.0.35&quot;}
</code></pre><nav id=see-also><h2>See also</h2><div class=see-also><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/mixer-overview/>Mixer Configuration Model</a></p><p class=desc>Describes the configuration model for Istio&#39;s policy enforcement and telemetry mechanisms.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.2/blog/2017/mixer-spof-myth/>Mixer and the SPOF Myth</a></p><p class=desc>Improving availability and reducing latency.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.2/blog/2017/adapter-model/>Mixer Adapter Model</a></p><p class=desc>Provides an overview of Mixer&#39;s plug-in architecture.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress_sni_monitoring_and_policies/>Monitoring and Policies for TLS Egress</a></p><p class=desc>Describes how to configure SNI monitoring and apply policies on TLS egress traffic.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/collecting-logs/>Collecting Logs</a></p><p class=desc>This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect and customize logs.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/collecting-metrics/>Collecting Metrics</a></p><p class=desc>This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect and customize metrics.</p></div></div></nav></article><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality." href=/v1.2/docs/concepts/security/><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>Policies and Security</a></div><div class=right><a title="Introduces performance and scalability for Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/concepts/performance-and-scalability/>Performance and Scalability<svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#right-arrow"/></svg></a></div></nav><div id=endnotes-container aria-hidden=true><h2>Links</h2><ol id=endnotes></ol></div></div><div class=toc-container><nav class=toc aria-label="Table of Contents"><div id=toc><ol><li role=none aria-label=Metrics><a href=#metrics>Metrics</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Proxy-level Metrics"><a href=#proxy-level-metrics>Proxy-level Metrics</a><li role=none aria-label="Service-level Metrics"><a href=#service-level-metrics>Service-level Metrics</a><li role=none aria-label="Control Plane Metrics"><a href=#control-plane-metrics>Control Plane Metrics</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Distributed Traces"><a href=#distributed-traces>Distributed Traces</a><li role=none aria-label="Access Logs"><a href=#access-logs>Access Logs</a><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol></div></nav></div></main><footer><div class=user-links><a class=channel title="Go download Istio 1.2.5 now" href=https://github.com/istio/istio/releases/tag/1.2.5 aria-label="Download Istio"><span>download</span><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#download"/></svg>
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