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<button id=search-close title="Cancel search" type=reset aria-label="Cancel search"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#cancel-x"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><main class=primary><div id=sidebar-container class="sidebar-container sidebar-offcanvas"><nav id=sidebar aria-label="Section Navigation"><div class=directory><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card24 title="Learn about the different parts of the Istio system and the abstractions it uses." aria-controls=card24-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#concepts"/></svg>Concepts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card24 role=region id=card24-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card24><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduces Istio, the problems it solves, its high-level architecture and design goals." href=/v1.2/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/>What is Istio?</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the various Istio features focused on traffic routing and control." href=/v1.2/docs/concepts/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality." href=/v1.2/docs/concepts/security/>Policies and Security</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the telemetry and monitoring features provided by Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/concepts/observability/>Observability</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduces performance and scalability for Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/concepts/performance-and-scalability/>Performance and Scalability</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how a service mesh can be configured to include services from more than one cluster." href=/v1.2/docs/concepts/multicluster-deployments/>Multicluster Deployments</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card46 title="How to deploy and upgrade Istio in various environments such as Kubernetes and Consul." aria-controls=card46-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#setup"/></svg>Setup</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card46 role=region id=card46-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card46><li role=treeitem aria-label=Kubernetes><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes and adding virtual machines into the mesh." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/>Kubernetes</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Download, install, and try out Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/getting-started/>Getting Started</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Platform Setup"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="How to prepare various Kubernetes platforms before installing Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/platform-setup/>Platform Setup</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Alibaba Cloud Kubernetes cluster for Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/platform-setup/alicloud/>Alibaba Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Azure cluster for Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/platform-setup/azure/>Azure</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup Docker Desktop for use with Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/platform-setup/docker/>Docker Desktop</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a Google Kubernetes Engine cluster for Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/platform-setup/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an IBM Cloud cluster for Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/platform-setup/ibm/>IBM Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a Gardener cluster for Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/platform-setup/gardener/>Kubernetes Gardener</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup minikube for use with Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/platform-setup/minikube/>Minikube</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OpenShift cluster for Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/platform-setup/openshift/>OpenShift</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OKE cluster for Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/platform-setup/oci/>Oracle Cloud Infrastructure</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Install><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Choose the guide that best suits your needs and platform." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/>Install</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio in a Kubernetes cluster for evaluation." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/kubernetes/>Quick Start Evaluation Install</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and configure Istio for in-depth evaluation or production use." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/helm/>Customizable Install with Helm</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Multicluster Installation"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Configure an Istio mesh spanning multiple Kubernetes clusters." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/multicluster/>Multicluster Installation</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters with individually deployed control planes." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/multicluster/gateways/>Multiple control planes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters with a shared control plane and VPN connectivity between clusters." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/multicluster/shared-vpn/>Shared control plane (single-network)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters using a shared control plane for diconnected cluster networks." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/multicluster/shared-gateways/>Shared control plane (multi-network)</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Platform-specific Instructions"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Additional installation instructions for supported Kubernetes platforms." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/>Platform-specific Instructions</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio using the Alibaba Cloud Kubernetes Container Service." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/alicloud/>Alibaba Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio using the Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio using IBM Cloud Public or IBM Cloud Private." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/ibm/>IBM Cloud</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Upgrade><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Information on upgrading Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/upgrade/>Upgrade</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Important changes operators must understand before upgrading to Istio 1.2." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/upgrade/notice/>1.2 Upgrade Notice</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Upgrade the Istio control plane and data plane independently." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/upgrade/steps/>Upgrade Steps</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="More Guides"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="More information on additional setup tasks." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/>More Guides</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Prepare your Kubernetes pods and services to run in an Istio-enabled cluster." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/requirements/>Pods and Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the built-in Istio installation configuration profiles." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/config-profiles/>Installation Configuration Profiles</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/>Installing the Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and use Istio with the Istio CNI plugin, allowing operators to deploy services with lower privilege." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/cni/>Install Istio with the Istio CNI plugin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Integrate VMs and bare metal hosts into an Istio mesh deployed on Kubernetes." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/mesh-expansion/>Mesh Expansion</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Nomad & Consul"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/consul/>Nomad & Consul</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/consul/quick-start/>Quick Start on Docker</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul-based environment, with or without Nomad." href=/v1.2/docs/setup/consul/install/>Installation</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card69 title="How to do single specific targeted activities with the Istio system." aria-controls=card69-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#tasks"/></svg>Tasks</button><div class="body default" aria-labelledby=card69 role=region id=card69-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card69><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Tasks that demonstrate Istio's traffic routing features." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing to multiple versions of a microservice." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing/>Request Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to inject faults to test the resiliency of your application." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection/>Fault Injection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting/>Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate TCP traffic from an old to new version of a TCP service." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/tcp-traffic-shifting/>TCP Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts/>Request Timeouts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure circuit breaking for connections, requests, and outlier detection." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking/>Circuit Breaking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task demonstrates the traffic mirroring/shadowing capabilities of Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring/>Mirroring</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Ingress><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling ingress traffic for an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/>Ingress</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Istio gateway to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-control/>Ingress Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Expose a service outside of the service mesh over TLS or mTLS using file-mounted certificates." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/secure-ingress-mount/>Secure Gateways (File Mount)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Expose a service outside of the service mesh over TLS or mTLS using the secret discovery service (SDS)." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/secure-ingress-sds/>Secure Gateways (SDS)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI passthrough for an ingress gateway." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-sni-passthrough/>Ingress Gateway without TLS Termination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Demonstrates how to obtain Let's Encrypt TLS certificates for Kubernetes Ingress automatically using Cert-Manager." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-certmgr/>Kubernetes Ingress with Cert-Manager</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Egress><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling egress traffic for an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/>Egress</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-control/>Accessing External Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to perform TLS origination for traffic to external services." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-tls-origination/>Egress TLS Origination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to direct traffic to external services through a dedicated gateway." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-gateway/>Egress Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Egress Gateway to perform TLS origination to external services." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-gateway-tls-origination/>Egress Gateways with TLS Origination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to enable egress traffic for a set of hosts in a common domain, instead of configuring each and every host separately." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/wildcard-egress-hosts/>Egress using Wildcard Hosts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI monitoring and apply policies on TLS egress traffic." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress_sni_monitoring_and_policies/>Monitoring and Policies for TLS Egress</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to let applications use an external HTTPS proxy." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/http-proxy/>Using an External HTTPS Proxy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button class=show aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to secure the mesh." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use Istio authentication policy to setup mutual TLS and basic end-user authentication." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/authn-policy/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><span role=treeitem class=current title="Shows how to set up role-based access control for HTTP services.">Authorization for HTTP Services</span></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up role-based access control for TCP services." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/authz-tcp/>Authorization for TCP Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Tutorial on how to configure the groups-base authorization and configure the authorization of list-typed claims in Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/rbac-groups/>Authorization for groups and list claims</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to use Authorization permissive mode." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/authz-permissive/>Authorization permissive mode</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to integrate a Vault Certificate Authority with Istio for mutual TLS." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/vault-ca/>Istio Vault CA Integration</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to verify and test Istio's automatic mutual TLS authentication." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/mutual-tls/>Mutual TLS Deep-Dive</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how operators can configure Citadel with existing root certificate, signing certificate and key." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/plugin-ca-cert/>Plugging in External CA Key and Certificate</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to enable Citadel health checking with Kubernetes." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/health-check/>Citadel Health Checking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to enable SDS (secret discovery service) for Istio identity provisioning." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/auth-sds/>Provisioning Identity through SDS</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to incrementally migrate your Istio services to mutual TLS." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/mtls-migration/>Mutual TLS Migration</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to enable mutual TLS on HTTPS services." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/https-overlay/>Mutual TLS over HTTPS</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Policies><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates policy enforcement features." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/>Policies</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to enable Istio policy enforcement." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/enabling-policy/>Enabling Policy Enforcement</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to use Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limiting/>Enabling Rate Limits</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to modify request headers and routing using policy adapters." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/control-headers/>Control Headers and Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to control access to a service using simple denials or white/black listing." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/denial-and-list/>Denials and White/Black Listing</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Telemetry><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to collect telemetry information from the mesh." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/>Telemetry</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label=Metrics><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the configuration, collection, and processing of Istio mesh metrics." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/>Metrics</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect and customize metrics." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/collecting-metrics/>Collecting Metrics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/tcp-metrics/>Collecting Metrics for TCP services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/querying-metrics/>Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/using-istio-dashboard/>Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Logs><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the configuration, collection, and processing of Istio mesh logs." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/>Logs</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect and customize logs." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/collecting-logs/>Collecting Logs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Envoy proxies to print access log to their standard output." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/access-log/>Getting Envoy's Access Logs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to log to a Fluentd daemon." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/fluentd/>Logging with Fluentd</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Distributed Tracing"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio-enabled applications to collect trace spans." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/>Distributed Tracing</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Overview of distributed tracing in Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/overview/>Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Jaeger." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/jaeger/>Jaeger</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to LightStep." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/lightstep/>LightStep</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to visualize your services within an Istio mesh." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/kiali/>Visualizing Your Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure external access to the set of Istio telemetry addons." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/telemetry/gateways/>Remotely Accessing Telemetry Addons</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card83 title="A variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with." aria-controls=card83-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#examples"/></svg>Examples</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card83 role=region id=card83-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card83><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices used to demonstrate various Istio features." href=/v1.2/docs/examples/bookinfo/>Bookinfo Application</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Explains how to manually integrate Google Cloud Endpoints services with Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/examples/endpoints/>Install Istio for Google Cloud Endpoints Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Illustrates how to use Istio to control a Kubernetes cluster and raw VMs as a single mesh." href=/v1.2/docs/examples/integrating-vms/>Integrating Virtual Machines</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Multicluster Service Mesh"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Multicluster service mesh examples for Istio that you can experiment with." href=/v1.2/docs/examples/multicluster/>Multicluster Service Mesh</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Set up a multicluster mesh over two GKE clusters." href=/v1.2/docs/examples/multicluster/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Example multicluster mesh over two IBM Cloud Private clusters." href=/v1.2/docs/examples/multicluster/icp/>IBM Cloud Private</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card100 title="Hints, tips, tricks about running an Istio mesh." aria-controls=card100-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#guide"/></svg>Operations</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card100 role=region id=card100-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card100><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to use component-level logging to get insights into a running component's behavior." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/component-logging/>Component Logging</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to use ControlZ to get insight into individual running components." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/controlz/>Component Introspection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to do low-level debugging of Istio components." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/component-debugging/>Component Debugging</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the networking aspects of a running mesh." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An introduction to Istio networking operational aspects." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/traffic-management/introduction/>Introduction to Network Operations</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provides specific deployment and configuration guidelines." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/traffic-management/deploy-guidelines/>Deployment and Configuration Guidelines</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes common networking issues and how to recognize and avoid them." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/traffic-management/troubleshooting/>Troubleshooting Networking Issues</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes tools and techniques to diagnose Envoy configuration issues related to traffic management." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/traffic-management/proxy-cmd/>Debugging Envoy and Pilot</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to enable and understand Locality Load Balancing." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/traffic-management/locality-load-balancing/>Locality Load Balancing</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the security aspects of a running mesh." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Demonstrates how to debug authorization." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/security/debugging-authorization/>Debugging Authorization</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="What to do if Citadel is not behaving properly." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/security/repairing-citadel/>Repairing Citadel</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="What to do if you suspect problems with Istio keys and certificates." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/security/keys-and-certs/>Keys and Certificates</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="What to do if mutual TLS authentication isn't working." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/security/mutual-tls/>Mutual TLS</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Authorization is enabled, but requests make it through anyway." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/security/authorization-permissive/>Authorization Too Permissive</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Authorization is enabled and no requests make it through to the service." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/security/authorization-restrictive/>Authorization Too Restrictive</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="What to do if end-user authentication doesn't work." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/security/end-user-auth/>End User Authentication</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to extend the lifetime of the Istio self-signed root certificate." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/security/root-transition/>Extending Self-Signed Certificate Lifetime</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Telemetry><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage telemetry collection and visualization in a running mesh." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/telemetry/>Telemetry</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Diagnose problems where metrics are not being collected." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/telemetry/missing-metrics/>Missing Metrics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Dealing with Grafana issues." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/telemetry/grafana/>Grafana</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Fine-grained control of Envoy statistics." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/telemetry/envoy-stats/>Envoy Statistics</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Installation and Setup"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you diagnose and repair Istio installations." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/setup/>Installation and Setup</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provides a general overview of Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks and the related issues that can arise." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/setup/webhook/>Dynamic Admission Webhooks Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for server-side configuration validation." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/setup/validation/>Configuration Validation Webhook</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio includes a supplemental tool that provides debugging and diagnosis for Istio service mesh deployments." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/setup/istioctl/>Using the istioctl command-line tool</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for automatic sidecar injection." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/setup/injection/>Sidecar Injection Webhook</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to check which capabilities are allowed for your pods." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/setup/required-pod-capabilities/>Required Pod Capabilities</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to do health checking for Istio services." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/setup/app-health-check/>Health Checking of Istio Services</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Advice on tackling common problems with Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/ops/misc/>Miscellaneous</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card130 title="Detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters." aria-controls=card130-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#reference"/></svg>Reference</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card130 role=region id=card130-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card130><li role=treeitem aria-label=Configuration><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Detailed information on configuration options." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/>Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure HTTP/TCP routing features." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/networking/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting load balancing, outlier detection, etc." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/destination-rule/>Destination Rule</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting insertion of custom Envoy filters." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/envoy-filter/>Envoy Filter</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting edge load balancer." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/gateway/>Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting service registry." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/service-entry/>Service Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting network reachability of a sidecar." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/sidecar/>Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting label/content routing, sni routing, etc." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/virtual-service/>Virtual Service</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Authorization><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio's authorization features." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/authorization/>Authorization</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the supported constraints and properties." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/authorization/constraints-and-properties/>Constraints and Properties</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Role Based Access Control." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/authorization/istio.rbac.v1alpha1/>RBAC</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the options available when installing Istio using the included Helm chart." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/installation-options/>Installation Options</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Details the Helm chart installation options differences between release-1.1 and release-1.2." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/installation-options-changes/>Installation Options Changes</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Policies and Telemetry"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio's policy and telemetry features." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/>Policies and Telemetry</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the configuration model for Istio's policy enforcement and telemetry mechanisms." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/mixer-overview/>Mixer Configuration Model</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the base attribute vocabulary used for policy and control." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/attribute-vocabulary/>Attribute Vocabulary</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Mixer configuration expression language reference." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/expression-language/>Expression Language</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Adapters><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Mixer adapters allow Istio to interface to a variety of infrastructure backends for such things as metrics and logs." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/>Adapters</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Apache SkyWalking." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/apache-skywalking/>Apache SkyWalking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for Apigee's distributed policy checks and analytics." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/apigee/>Apigee</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for circonus.com's monitoring solution." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/circonus/>Circonus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for cloudmonitor metrics." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudmonitor/>CloudMonitor</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for cloudwatch metrics." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudwatch/>CloudWatch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a dogstatsd agent for delivery to DataDog." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/datadog/>Datadog</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that always returns a precondition denial." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/denier/>Denier</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that delivers logs to a Fluentd daemon." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/fluentd/>Fluentd</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that extracts information from a Kubernetes environment." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/kubernetesenv/>Kubernetes Env</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that performs whitelist or blacklist checks." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/list/>List</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for a simple in-memory quota management system." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/memquota/>Memory quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that implements an Open Policy Agent engine." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/opa/>OPA</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that exposes Istio metrics for ingestion by a Prometheus harvester." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/prometheus/>Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for a Redis-based quota management system." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/redisquota/>Redis Quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that sends metrics to SignalFx." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/signalfx/>SignalFx</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Papertrail and AppOptics backends." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/solarwinds/>SolarWinds</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver logs, metrics, and traces to Stackdriver." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stackdriver/>Stackdriver</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a StatsD backend." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/statsd/>StatsD</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to locally output logs and metrics." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stdio/>Stdio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Wavefront by VMware." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/wavefront/>Wavefront by VMware</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver tracing data to Zipkin." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Default Metrics exported from Istio through Mixer." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/metrics/>Default Metrics</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Templates><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Mixer templates are used to send data to individual adapters." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/>Templates</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single API key." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/apikey/>API Key</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Analytics template is used to dispatch runtime telemetry to Apigee." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/analytics/>Analytics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template used to represent an access control query." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/authorization/>Authorization</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/checknothing/>Check Nothing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template designed to report observed communication edges between workloads." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/edge/>Edge</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that is used to control the production of Kubernetes-specific attributes." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/kubernetes/>Kubernetes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template designed to let you perform list checking operations." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/listentry/>List Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single runtime log entry." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/logentry/>Log Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single runtime metric." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/metric/>Metric</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a quota allocation request." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/quota/>Quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/reportnothing/>Report Nothing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents an individual span within a distributed trace." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/tracespan/>Trace Span</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration state for the Mixer client library." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.mixer.v1.config.client/>Mixer Client</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the rules used to configure Mixer's policy and telemetry features." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.policy.v1beta1/>Rules</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Authentication policy for Istio services." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/istio.authentication.v1alpha1/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting the service mesh as a whole." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/config/istio.mesh.v1alpha1/>Service Mesh</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Commands><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes usage and options of the Istio commands and utilities." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/commands/>Commands</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Galley provides configuration management services for Istio." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/commands/galley/>galley</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Certificate Authority (CA)." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/commands/istio_ca/>istio_ca</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio control interface." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/>istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Mixer is Istio's abstraction on top of infrastructure backends." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/commands/mixs/>mixs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio security per-node agent." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/commands/node_agent/>node_agent</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Istio operator." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/commands/operator/>operator</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot agent." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/commands/pilot-agent/>pilot-agent</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery/>pilot-discovery</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Kubernetes webhook for automatic Istio sidecar injection." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/commands/sidecar-injector/>sidecar-injector</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A glossary of common Istio terms." href=/v1.2/docs/reference/glossary/>Glossary</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav></div><div class=article-container><button tabindex=-1 id=sidebar-toggler title="Toggle the navigation bar"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#pull"/></svg></button><nav aria-label=Breadcrumb><ol><li><a href=/v1.2/ title="Connect, secure, control, and observe services.">Istio</a></li><li><a href=/v1.2/docs/ title="Learn how to deploy, use, and operate Istio.">Docs</a></li><li><a href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/ title="How to do single specific targeted activities with the Istio system.">Tasks</a></li><li><a href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/ title="Demonstrates how to secure the mesh.">Security</a></li><li>Authorization for HTTP Services</li></ol></nav><article aria-labelledby=title><div class=title-area><div><h1 id=title>Authorization for HTTP Services</h1><p class=byline><span title="1274 words"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#clock"/></svg><span> </span>6 minute read</span></p></div></div><nav class=toc-inlined aria-label="Table of Contents"><div><hr><ol><li role=none aria-label="Before you begin"><a href=#before-you-begin>Before you begin</a><li role=none aria-label="Enabling Istio authorization"><a href=#enabling-istio-authorization>Enabling Istio authorization</a><li role=none aria-label="Enforcing Namespace-level access control"><a href=#enforcing-namespace-level-access-control>Enforcing Namespace-level access control</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Cleanup namespace-level access control"><a href=#cleanup-namespace-level-access-control>Cleanup namespace-level access control</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Enforcing Service-level access control"><a href=#enforcing-service-level-access-control>Enforcing Service-level access control</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Step 1. allowing access to the productpage service"><a href=#step-1-allowing-access-to-the-productpage-service>Step 1. allowing access to the <code>productpage</code> service</a><li role=none aria-label="Step 2. allowing access to the details and reviews services"><a href=#step-2-allowing-access-to-the-details-and-reviews-services>Step 2. allowing access to the <code>details</code> and <code>reviews</code> services</a><li role=none aria-label="Step 3. allowing access to the ratings service"><a href=#step-3-allowing-access-to-the-ratings-service>Step 3. allowing access to the <code>ratings</code> service</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label=Cleanup><a href=#cleanup>Cleanup</a><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol><hr></div></nav><p>This task covers the activities you might need to perform to set up Istio authorization, also known
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as Istio Role Based Access Control (RBAC), for HTTP services in an Istio mesh. You can read more in
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<a href=/v1.2/docs/concepts/security/#authorization>authorization</a> and get started with
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a basic tutorial in Istio Security Basics.</p><h2 id=before-you-begin>Before you begin</h2><p>The activities in this task assume that you:</p><ul><li><p>Read the <a href=/v1.2/docs/concepts/security/#authorization>authorization concept</a>.</p></li><li><p>Follow the <a href=/v1.2/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/kubernetes/>Kubernetes quick start</a> to install Istio using the <strong>strict mutual TLS profile</strong>.</p></li><li><p>Deploy the <a href=/v1.2/docs/examples/bookinfo/#deploying-the-application>Bookinfo</a> sample application.</p></li></ul><p>After deploying the Bookinfo application, go to the Bookinfo product page at <code>http://$GATEWAY_URL/productpage</code>. On
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the product page, you can see the following sections:</p><ul><li><strong>Book Details</strong> on the lower left side, which includes: book type, number of
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pages, publisher, etc.</li><li><strong>Book Reviews</strong> on the lower right of the page.</li></ul><p>When you refresh the page, the app shows different versions of reviews in the product page.
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The app presents the reviews in a round robin style: red stars, black stars, or no stars.</p><h2 id=enabling-istio-authorization>Enabling Istio authorization</h2><p>Run the following command to enable Istio authorization for the <code>default</code> namespace:</p><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.2/samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/rbac/rbac-config-ON.yaml>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl apply -f @samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/rbac/rbac-config-ON.yaml@
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</code></pre></div><p>Point your browser at the Bookinfo <code>productpage</code> (<code>http://$GATEWAY_URL/productpage</code>). Now you should see
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<code>"RBAC: access denied"</code>. This is because Istio authorization is “deny by default”, which means that you need to
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explicitly define access control policy to grant access to any service.</p><div><aside class="callout tip"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#callout-tip"/></svg></div><div class=content>There may be some delays due to caching and other propagation overhead.</div></aside></div><h2 id=enforcing-namespace-level-access-control>Enforcing Namespace-level access control</h2><p>Using Istio authorization, you can easily setup namespace-level access control by specifying all (or a collection of) services
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in a namespace are accessible by services from another namespace.</p><p>In our Bookinfo sample, the <code>productpage</code>, <code>reviews</code>, <code>details</code>, <code>ratings</code> services are deployed in the <code>default</code> namespace.
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The Istio components like <code>istio-ingressgateway</code> service are deployed in the <code>istio-system</code> namespace. We can define a policy that
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any service in the <code>default</code> namespace that has the <code>app</code> label set to one of the values of
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<code>productpage</code>, <code>details</code>, <code>reviews</code>, or <code>ratings</code>
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is accessible by services in the same namespace (i.e., <code>default</code>) and services in the <code>istio-system</code> namespace.</p><p>Run the following command to create a namespace-level access control policy:</p><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.2/samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/rbac/namespace-policy.yaml>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl apply -f @samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/rbac/namespace-policy.yaml@
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</code></pre></div><p>Once applied, the policy has the following effects:</p><ul><li><p>Creates a <code>ServiceRole</code> <code>service-viewer</code> which allows read access to any service in the <code>default</code> namespace that has
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the <code>app</code> label
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set to one of the values <code>productpage</code>, <code>details</code>, <code>reviews</code>, or <code>ratings</code>. Note that there is a
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constraint specifying that
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the services must have one of the listed <code>app</code> labels.</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true>apiVersion: "rbac.istio.io/v1alpha1"
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kind: ServiceRole
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metadata:
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name: service-viewer
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namespace: default
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spec:
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rules:
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- services: ["*"]
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methods: ["GET"]
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constraints:
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- key: "destination.labels[app]"
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values: ["productpage", "details", "reviews", "ratings"]
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Creates a <code>ServiceRoleBinding</code> that assign the <code>service-viewer</code> role to all services in the <code>istio-system</code> and <code>default</code> namespaces.</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true>apiVersion: "rbac.istio.io/v1alpha1"
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kind: ServiceRoleBinding
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metadata:
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name: bind-service-viewer
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namespace: default
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spec:
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subjects:
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- properties:
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source.namespace: "istio-system"
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- properties:
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source.namespace: "default"
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roleRef:
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kind: ServiceRole
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name: "service-viewer"
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</code></pre></li></ul><p>You can expect to see output similar to the following:</p><pre><code class=language-plain data-expandlinks=true>servicerole "service-viewer" created
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servicerolebinding "bind-service-viewer" created
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</code></pre><p>Now if you point your browser at Bookinfo’s <code>productpage</code> (<code>http://$GATEWAY_URL/productpage</code>). You should see the “Bookinfo Sample” page,
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with the “Book Details” section in the lower left part and the “Book Reviews” section in the lower right part.</p><div><aside class="callout tip"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#callout-tip"/></svg></div><div class=content>There may be some delays due to caching and other propagation overhead.</div></aside></div><h3 id=cleanup-namespace-level-access-control>Cleanup namespace-level access control</h3><p>Remove the following configuration before you proceed to the next task:</p><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.2/samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/rbac/namespace-policy.yaml>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl delete -f @samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/rbac/namespace-policy.yaml@
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</code></pre></div><h2 id=enforcing-service-level-access-control>Enforcing Service-level access control</h2><p>This task shows you how to set up service-level access control using Istio authorization. Before you start, please make sure that:</p><ul><li>You have <a href=#enabling-istio-authorization>enabled Istio authorization</a>.</li><li>You have <a href=#cleanup-namespace-level-access-control>removed namespace-level authorization policy</a>.</li></ul><p>Point your browser at the Bookinfo <code>productpage</code> (<code>http://$GATEWAY_URL/productpage</code>). You should see <code>"RBAC: access denied"</code>.
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We will incrementally add access permission to the services in the Bookinfo sample.</p><h3 id=step-1-allowing-access-to-the-productpage-service>Step 1. allowing access to the <code>productpage</code> service</h3><p>In this step, we will create a policy that allows external requests to access the <code>productpage</code> service via Ingress.</p><p>Run the following command:</p><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.2/samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/rbac/productpage-policy.yaml>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl apply -f @samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/rbac/productpage-policy.yaml@
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</code></pre></div><p>Once applied, the policy has the following effects:</p><ul><li><p>Creates a <code>ServiceRole</code> <code>productpage-viewer</code> which allows read access to the <code>productpage</code> service.</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true>apiVersion: "rbac.istio.io/v1alpha1"
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kind: ServiceRole
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metadata:
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name: productpage-viewer
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namespace: default
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spec:
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rules:
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- services: ["productpage.default.svc.cluster.local"]
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methods: ["GET"]
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Creates a <code>ServiceRoleBinding</code> <code>bind-productpage-viewer</code> which assigns the <code>productpage-viewer</code> role to all
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users and services.</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true>apiVersion: "rbac.istio.io/v1alpha1"
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kind: ServiceRoleBinding
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metadata:
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name: bind-productpage-viewer
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namespace: default
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spec:
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subjects:
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- user: "*"
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roleRef:
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kind: ServiceRole
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name: "productpage-viewer"
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</code></pre></li></ul><p>Point your browser at the Bookinfo <code>productpage</code> (<code>http://$GATEWAY_URL/productpage</code>). Now you should see the “Bookinfo Sample”
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page. But there are errors <code>Error fetching product details</code> and <code>Error fetching product reviews</code> on the page. These errors
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are expected because we have not granted the <code>productpage</code> service access to the <code>details</code> and <code>reviews</code> services. We will fix the errors
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in the following steps.</p><div><aside class="callout tip"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#callout-tip"/></svg></div><div class=content>There may be some delays due to caching and other propagation overhead.</div></aside></div><h3 id=step-2-allowing-access-to-the-details-and-reviews-services>Step 2. allowing access to the <code>details</code> and <code>reviews</code> services</h3><p>We will create a policy to allow the <code>productpage</code> service to access the <code>details</code> and <code>reviews</code> services. Note that in the
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<a href=#before-you-begin>setup step</a>, we created the <code>bookinfo-productpage</code> service account for the <code>productpage</code> service. This
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<code>bookinfo-productpage</code> service account is the authenticated identify for the <code>productpage</code> service.</p><p>Run the following command:</p><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.2/samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/rbac/details-reviews-policy.yaml>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl apply -f @samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/rbac/details-reviews-policy.yaml@
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</code></pre></div><p>Once applied, the policy has the following effects:</p><ul><li><p>Creates a <code>ServiceRole</code> <code>details-reviews-viewer</code> which allows access to the <code>details</code> and <code>reviews</code> services.</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true>apiVersion: "rbac.istio.io/v1alpha1"
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kind: ServiceRole
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metadata:
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name: details-reviews-viewer
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namespace: default
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spec:
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rules:
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- services: ["details.default.svc.cluster.local", "reviews.default.svc.cluster.local"]
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methods: ["GET"]
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Creates a <code>ServiceRoleBinding</code> <code>bind-details-reviews</code> which assigns the <code>details-reviews-viewer</code> role to the
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<code>cluster.local/ns/default/sa/bookinfo-productpage</code> service account (representing the <code>productpage</code> service).</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true>apiVersion: "rbac.istio.io/v1alpha1"
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kind: ServiceRoleBinding
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metadata:
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name: bind-details-reviews
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namespace: default
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spec:
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subjects:
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- user: "cluster.local/ns/default/sa/bookinfo-productpage"
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roleRef:
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kind: ServiceRole
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name: "details-reviews-viewer"
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</code></pre></li></ul><p>Point your browser at the Bookinfo <code>productpage</code> (<code>http://$GATEWAY_URL/productpage</code>). Now you should see the “Bookinfo Sample”
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page with “Book Details” on the lower left part, and “Book Reviews” on the lower right part. However, in the “Book Reviews” section,
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there is an error <code>Ratings service currently unavailable</code>. This is because “reviews” service does not have permission to access
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“ratings” service. To fix this issue, you need to grant the <code>reviews</code> service access to the <code>ratings</code> service.
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We will show how to do that in the next step.</p><div><aside class="callout tip"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#callout-tip"/></svg></div><div class=content>There may be some delays due to caching and other propagation overhead.</div></aside></div><h3 id=step-3-allowing-access-to-the-ratings-service>Step 3. allowing access to the <code>ratings</code> service</h3><p>We will create a policy to allow the <code>reviews</code> service to access the <code>ratings</code> service. Note that in the
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<a href=#before-you-begin>setup step</a>, we created a <code>bookinfo-reviews</code> service account for the <code>reviews</code> service. This
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service account is the authenticated identify for the <code>reviews</code> service.</p><p>Run the following command to create a policy that allows the <code>reviews</code> service to access the <code>ratings</code> service.</p><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.2/samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/rbac/ratings-policy.yaml>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl apply -f @samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/rbac/ratings-policy.yaml@
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</code></pre></div><p>Once applied, the policy has the following effects:</p><ul><li><p>Creates a <code>ServiceRole</code> <code>ratings-viewer</code> which allows access to the <code>ratings</code> service.</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true>apiVersion: "rbac.istio.io/v1alpha1"
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kind: ServiceRole
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metadata:
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|
name: ratings-viewer
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namespace: default
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spec:
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rules:
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- services: ["ratings.default.svc.cluster.local"]
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methods: ["GET"]
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Creates a <code>ServiceRoleBinding</code> <code>bind-ratings</code> which assigns <code>ratings-viewer</code> role to the
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<code>cluster.local/ns/default/sa/bookinfo-reviews</code> service account, which represents the <code>reviews</code> service.</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true>apiVersion: "rbac.istio.io/v1alpha1"
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kind: ServiceRoleBinding
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metadata:
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name: bind-ratings
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namespace: default
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spec:
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subjects:
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- user: "cluster.local/ns/default/sa/bookinfo-reviews"
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roleRef:
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kind: ServiceRole
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name: "ratings-viewer"
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</code></pre></li></ul><p>Point your browser at the Bookinfo <code>productpage</code> (<code>http://$GATEWAY_URL/productpage</code>). Now you should see
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the “black” and “red” ratings in the “Book Reviews” section.</p><div><aside class="callout tip"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#callout-tip"/></svg></div><div class=content>There may be some delays due to caching and other propagation overhead.</div></aside></div><h2 id=cleanup>Cleanup</h2><ul><li><p>Remove Istio authorization policy configuration:</p><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.2/samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/rbac/productpage-policy.yaml>Zip</a><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.2/samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/rbac/details-reviews-policy.yaml>Zip</a><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.2/samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/rbac/ratings-policy.yaml>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl delete -f @samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/rbac/ratings-policy.yaml@
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$ kubectl delete -f @samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/rbac/details-reviews-policy.yaml@
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$ kubectl delete -f @samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/rbac/productpage-policy.yaml@
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</code></pre></div><p>Alternatively, you can delete all <code>ServiceRole</code> and <code>ServiceRoleBinding</code> resources by running the following commands:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl delete servicerole --all
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$ kubectl delete servicerolebinding --all
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Disable Istio authorization:</p><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.2/samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/rbac/rbac-config-ON.yaml>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl delete -f @samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/rbac/rbac-config-ON.yaml@
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</code></pre></div></li></ul><nav id=see-also><h2>See also</h2><div class=see-also><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/authz-tcp/>Authorization for TCP Services</a></p><p class=desc>Shows how to set up role-based access control for TCP services.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/authz-permissive/>Authorization permissive mode</a></p><p class=desc>Shows how to use Authorization permissive mode.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.2/docs/concepts/security/>Policies and Security</a></p><p class=desc>Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.2/blog/2018/istio-authorization/>Micro-Segmentation with Istio Authorization</a></p><p class=desc>Describe Istio's authorization feature and how to use it in various use cases.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.2/docs/ops/security/debugging-authorization/>Debugging Authorization</a></p><p class=desc>Demonstrates how to debug authorization.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/rbac-groups/>Authorization for groups and list claims</a></p><p class=desc>Tutorial on how to configure the groups-base authorization and configure the authorization of list-typed claims in Istio.</p></div></div></nav></article><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="Shows you how to use Istio authentication policy to setup mutual TLS and basic end-user authentication." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/authn-policy/><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>Authentication Policy</a></div><div class=right><a title="Shows how to set up role-based access control for TCP services." href=/v1.2/docs/tasks/security/authz-tcp/>Authorization for TCP Services<svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#right-arrow"/></svg></a></div></nav><div id=endnotes-container aria-hidden=true><h2>Links</h2><ol id=endnotes></ol></div></div><div class=toc-container><nav class=toc aria-label="Table of Contents"><div id=toc><ol><li role=none aria-label="Before you begin"><a href=#before-you-begin>Before you begin</a><li role=none aria-label="Enabling Istio authorization"><a href=#enabling-istio-authorization>Enabling Istio authorization</a><li role=none aria-label="Enforcing Namespace-level access control"><a href=#enforcing-namespace-level-access-control>Enforcing Namespace-level access control</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Cleanup namespace-level access control"><a href=#cleanup-namespace-level-access-control>Cleanup namespace-level access control</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Enforcing Service-level access control"><a href=#enforcing-service-level-access-control>Enforcing Service-level access control</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Step 1. allowing access to the productpage service"><a href=#step-1-allowing-access-to-the-productpage-service>Step 1. allowing access to the <code>productpage</code> service</a><li role=none aria-label="Step 2. allowing access to the details and reviews services"><a href=#step-2-allowing-access-to-the-details-and-reviews-services>Step 2. allowing access to the <code>details</code> and <code>reviews</code> services</a><li role=none aria-label="Step 3. allowing access to the ratings service"><a href=#step-3-allowing-access-to-the-ratings-service>Step 3. allowing access to the <code>ratings</code> service</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label=Cleanup><a href=#cleanup>Cleanup</a><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol></div></nav></div></main><footer><div class=user-links><a class=channel title="Go download Istio 1.2.5 now" href=https://github.com/istio/istio/releases/tag/1.2.5 aria-label="Download Istio"><span>download</span><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#download"/></svg>
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</a><a class=channel title="Join the Istio discussion board to participate in discussions and get help troubleshooting problems" href=https://discuss.istio.io aria-label="Istio discussion board"><span>discuss</span><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#discourse"/></svg></a>
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<a class=channel title="Stack Overflow is where you can ask questions and find curated answers on deploying, configuring, and using Istio" href=https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/istio aria-label="Stack Overflow"><span>stack overflow</span><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#stackoverflow"/></svg></a>
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<a class=channel title="Interactively discuss issues with the Istio community on Slack" href=https://istio.slack.com aria-label=slack><span>slack</span><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#slack"/></svg></a>
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1.2.5<br>© 2019 Istio Authors, <a href=https://policies.google.com/privacy>Privacy Policy</a><br>Archived on September 12, 2019</p></div><div class=dev-links><a class=channel title="GitHub is where development takes place on Istio code" href=https://github.com/istio/community aria-label=GitHub><span>github</span><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.2/img/icons.svg#github"/></svg></a>
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