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<button id=search-close title='Cancel search' type=reset aria-label='Cancel search'><svg class="icon menu-close"><use xlink:href="/v1.21/img/icons.svg#menu-close"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><div class=banner-container></div><article class=post itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/BlogPosting><div class=header-content><h1>Upcoming networking changes in Istio 1.10</h1><p>Understanding the upcoming changes to Istio networking, how they may impact your cluster, and what action to take.</p></div><p class=post-author>Apr 15, 2021 <span>| </span>By John Howard - Google</p><div><h2 id=background>Background</h2><p>While Kubernetes networking is customizable, a typical pod’s network will look like this:</p><figure style=width:75%><div class=wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio style=padding-bottom:56.25%><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.21/blog/2021/upcoming-networking-changes/pod.svg title="A pod's network"><img class=element-to-stretch src=/v1.21/blog/2021/upcoming-networking-changes/pod.svg alt="A pod's network"></a></div><figcaption>A pod's network</figcaption></figure><p>An application may choose to bind to either the loopback interface <code>lo</code> (typically binding to <code>127.0.0.1</code>), or the pods network interface <code>eth0</code> (typically to the pod’s IP), or both (typically binding to <code>0.0.0.0</code>).</p><p>Binding to <code>lo</code> allows calls such as <code>curl localhost</code> to work from within the pod.
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Binding to <code>eth0</code> allows calls to the pod from other pods.</p><p>Typically, an application will bind to both.
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However, applications which have internal logic, such as an admin interface may choose to bind to only <code>lo</code> to avoid access from other pods.
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Additionally, some applications, typically stateful applications, choose to bind only to <code>eth0</code>.</p><h2 id=current-behavior>Current behavior</h2><p>In Istio prior to release 1.10, the Envoy proxy, running in the same pod as the application, binds to the <code>eth0</code> interface and redirects all inbound traffic to the <code>lo</code> interface.</p><figure style=width:75%><div class=wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio style=padding-bottom:56.25%><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.21/blog/2021/upcoming-networking-changes/current.svg title="A pod's network with Istio today"><img class=element-to-stretch src=/v1.21/blog/2021/upcoming-networking-changes/current.svg alt="A pod's network with Istio today"></a></div><figcaption>A pod's network with Istio today</figcaption></figure><p>This has two important side effects that cause the behavior to differ from standard Kubernetes:</p><ul><li>Applications binding only to <code>lo</code> will receive traffic from other pods, when otherwise this is not allowed.</li><li>Applications binding only to <code>eth0</code> will not receive traffic.</li></ul><p>Applications that bind to both interfaces (which is typical) will not be impacted.</p><h2 id=future-behavior>Future behavior</h2><p>Starting with Istio 1.10, the networking behavior is changed to align with the standard behavior present in Kubernetes.</p><figure style=width:75%><div class=wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio style=padding-bottom:56.25%><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.21/blog/2021/upcoming-networking-changes/planned.svg title="A pod's network with Istio in the future"><img class=element-to-stretch src=/v1.21/blog/2021/upcoming-networking-changes/planned.svg alt="A pod's network with Istio in the future"></a></div><figcaption>A pod's network with Istio in the future</figcaption></figure><p>Here we can see that the proxy no longer redirects the traffic to the <code>lo</code> interface, but instead forwards it to the application on <code>eth0</code>.
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As a result, the standard behavior of Kubernetes is retained, but we still get all the benefits of Istio.
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This change allows Istio to get closer to its goal of being a drop-in transparent proxy that works with existing workloads with <a href=/v1.21/blog/2021/zero-config-istio/>zero configuration</a>.
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Additionally, it avoids unintended exposure of applications binding only to <code>lo</code>.</p><h2 id=am-i-impacted>Am I impacted?</h2><p>For new users, this change should only be an improvement.
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However, if you are an existing user, you may have come to depend on the old behavior, intentionally or accidentally.</p><p>To help detect these situations, we have added a check to find pods that will be impacted.
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You can run the <code>istioctl experimental precheck</code> command to get a report of any pods binding to <code>lo</code> on a port exposed in a <code>Service</code>.
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This command is available in Istio 1.10+.
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<strong>Without action, these ports will no longer be accessible upon upgrade.</strong></p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl experimental precheck
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Error [IST0143] (Pod echo-local-849647c5bd-g9wxf.default) Port 443 is exposed in a Service but listens on localhost. It will not be exposed to other pods.
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Error [IST0143] (Pod echo-local-849647c5bd-g9wxf.default) Port 7070 is exposed in a Service but listens on localhost. It will not be exposed to other pods.
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Error: Issues found when checking the cluster. Istio may not be safe to install or upgrade.
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See https://istio.io/latest/docs/reference/config/analysis for more information about causes and resolutions.
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</code></pre><h3 id=migration>Migration</h3><p>If you are currently binding to <code>lo</code>, you have a few options:</p><ul><li><p>Switch your application to bind to all interfaces (<code>0.0.0.0</code> or <code>::</code>).</p></li><li><p>Explicitly configure the port using the <a href=/v1.21/docs/reference/config/networking/sidecar/#IstioIngressListener><code>Sidecar</code> ingress configuration</a> to send to <code>lo</code>, preserving the old behavior.</p><p>For example, to configure request to be sent to <code>localhost</code> for the <code>ratings</code> application:</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
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kind: Sidecar
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metadata:
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name: ratings
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spec:
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workloadSelector:
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labels:
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app: ratings
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ingress:
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- port:
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number: 8080
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protocol: HTTP
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name: http
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defaultEndpoint: 127.0.0.1:8080
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Disable the change entirely with the <code>PILOT_ENABLE_INBOUND_PASSTHROUGH=false</code> environment variable in Istiod, to enable the same behavior as prior to Istio 1.10. This option will be removed in the future.</p></li></ul></div><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="Learn how to use discovery selectors and how they intersect with Sidecar resources." href=/v1.21/blog/2021/discovery-selectors/ class=next-link><svg class="icon left-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.21/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>Use discovery selectors to configure namespaces for your Istio service mesh</a></div><div class=right><a title="An update on Envoy and Istio's WebAssembly-based extensibility effort." href=/v1.21/blog/2021/wasm-progress/ class=next-link>Istio and Envoy WebAssembly Extensibility, One Year On<svg class="icon right-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.21/img/icons.svg#right-arrow"/></svg></a></div></nav></article><footer class=footer><div class="footer-wrapper container-l"><div class="user-links footer-links"><a class=channel title='GitHub is where development takes place on Istio code' href=https://github.com/istio/community aria-label=GitHub><svg class="icon github"><use xlink:href="/v1.21/img/icons.svg#github"/></svg>
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