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<button id=search-close title='Cancel search' type=reset aria-label='Cancel search'><svg class="icon menu-close"><use xlink:href="/v1.24/img/icons.svg#menu-close"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><div class=banner-container><a href=https://events.linuxfoundation.org/kubecon-cloudnativecon-europe/co-located-events/istio-day/ class=banner data-title="Istio Day Europe-2025-01-31 00:00:00 +0000 UTC" data-period-start=1738281600000 data-period-end=1743465600000 data-max-impressions data-timeout><div class=content><p>Join us for Istio Day Europe, a KubeCon + CloudNativeCon Europe Co-located Event. 01 April 2025, London, England. Register now!</p></div><div class=frame></div></a></div><article class=post itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/BlogPosting><div class=header-content><h1>Change in Secret Discovery Service in Istio 1.3</h1><p>Taking advantage of Kubernetes trustworthy JWTs to issue certificates for workload instances more securely.</p></div><p class=post-author>Sep 10, 2019 <span>| </span>By Phillip Quy Le - Google</p><div><aside class="callout warning"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.24/img/icons.svg#callout-warning"/></svg></div><div class=content>This blog post was written assuming Istio 1.2, so some of this content may now be outdated.</div></aside></div><div><p>In Istio 1.3, we are taking advantage of improvements in Kubernetes to issue certificates for workload instances more securely.</p><p>When a Citadel Agent sends a certificate signing request to Citadel to get a certificate for a workload instance,
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it includes the JWT that the Kubernetes API server issued representing the service account of the workload instance.
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If Citadel can authenticate the JWT, it extracts the service account name needed to issue the certificate for the workload instance.</p><p>Before Kubernetes 1.12, the Kubernetes API server issues JWTs with the following issues:</p><ol><li>The tokens don’t have important fields to limit their scope of usage, such as <code>aud</code> or <code>exp</code>. See <a href=https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/design-proposals/auth/bound-service-account-tokens.md>Bound Service Tokens</a> for more info.</li><li>The tokens are mounted onto all the pods without a way to opt-out. See <a href=https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/design-proposals/storage/svcacct-token-volume-source.md>Service Account Token Volumes</a> for motivation.</li></ol><p>Kubernetes 1.12 introduces <code>trustworthy</code> JWTs to solve these issues.
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However, support for the <code>aud</code> field to have a different value than the API server audience didn’t become available until <a href=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.13.md>Kubernetes 1.13</a>.
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To better secure the mesh, Istio 1.3 only supports <code>trustworthy</code> JWTs and requires the value of the <code>aud</code> field to be <code>istio-ca</code> when you enable SDS.
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Before upgrading your Istio deployment to 1.3 with SDS enabled, verify that you use Kubernetes 1.13 or later.</p><p>Make the following considerations based on your platform of choice:</p><ul><li><strong>GKE:</strong> Upgrade your cluster version to at least 1.13.</li><li><strong>On-prem Kubernetes</strong> and <strong>GKE on-prem:</strong> Add <a href=https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-service-account/#service-account-token-volume-projection>extra configurations</a> to your Kubernetes. You may
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also want to refer to the <a href=https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kube-apiserver/>api-server page</a> for the most up-to-date flag names.</li><li>For other platforms, check with your provider. If your vendor does not support trustworthy JWTs, you will need to fall back to the file-mount approach to propagate the workload keys and certificates in Istio 1.3.</li></ul></div><div class=share-social><div class=heading>Share this post</div><div class=share-buttons><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=%2fv1.24%2fblog%2f2019%2ftrustworthy-jwt-sds%2f" target=_blank><img class=share-icon src=/v1.24/img/social/linkedin.svg alt="Share to LinkedIn">
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