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<button id=search-close title='Cancel search' type=reset aria-label='Cancel search'><svg class="icon menu-close"><use xlink:href="/v1.24/img/icons.svg#menu-close"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><div class=banner-container><a href=https://events.linuxfoundation.org/kubecon-cloudnativecon-europe/co-located-events/istio-day/ class=banner data-title="Istio Day Europe-2025-01-31 00:00:00 +0000 UTC" data-period-start=1738281600000 data-period-end=1743465600000 data-max-impressions data-timeout><div class=content><p>Join us for Istio Day Europe, a KubeCon + CloudNativeCon Europe Co-located Event. 01 April 2025, London, England. Register now!</p></div><div class=frame></div></a></div><article class=post itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/BlogPosting><div class=header-content><h1>Istio publishes results of 2022 security audit</h1><p>Security review of Istio finds a CVE in Go standard library.</p></div><p class=post-author>Jan 30, 2023 <span>| </span>By Craig Box - ARMO, for the Istio Product Security Working Group</p><div><p>Istio is a project that platform engineers trust to enforce security policy in their production Kubernetes environments. We pay a lot of care to security in our code, and maintain a robust <a href=/v1.24/docs/releases/security-vulnerabilities/>vulnerability program</a>. To validate our work, we periodically invite external review of the project, and we are pleased to publish <a href=/v1.24/blog/2023/ada-logics-security-assessment/Istio%20audit%20report%20-%20ADA%20Logics%20-%202023-01-30%20-%20v1.0.pdf>the results of our second security audit</a>.</p><p>The auditors’ assessment was that <strong>“Istio is a well-maintained project that has a strong and sustainable approach to security”</strong>. No critical issues were found; the highlight of the report was the discovery of a vulnerability in the Go programming language.</p><p>We would like to thank the <a href=https://cncf.io/>Cloud Native Computing Foundation</a> for funding this work, as a benefit offered to us after we <a href=https://www.cncf.io/blog/2022/09/28/istio-sails-into-the-cloud-native-computing-foundation/>joined the CNCF in August</a>. It was <a href=https://ostif.org/the-audit-of-istio-is-complete>arranged by OSTIF</a>, and <a href=https://adalogics.com/blog/istio-security-audit>performed by ADA Logics</a>.</p><h2 id=scope-and-overall-findings>Scope and overall findings</h2><p><a href=/v1.24/blog/2021/ncc-security-assessment/>Istio received its first security assessment in 2020</a>, with its data plane, the <a href=https://envoyproxy.io/>Envoy proxy</a>, having been <a href=https://github.com/envoyproxy/envoy#security-audit>independently assessed in 2018 and 2021</a>. The Istio Product Security Working Group and ADA Logics therefore decided on the following scope:</p><ul><li>Produce a formal threat model, to guide this and future security audits</li><li>Carry out a manual code audit for security issues</li><li>Review the fixes for the issues found in the 2020 audit</li><li>Review and improve Istio’s fuzzing suite</li><li>Perform a SLSA review of Istio</li></ul><p>Once again, no Critical issues were found in the review. The assessment found 11 security issues; two High, four Medium, four Low and one informational. All the reported issues have been fixed.</p><div><aside class="callout quote"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.24/img/icons.svg#callout-quote"/></svg></div><div class=content><strong>“Istio is a very well-maintained and secure project with a sound code base, well-established security practices and a responsive product security team.” - ADA Logics</strong></div></aside></div><p>Aside from their observations above, the auditors note that Istio follows a high level of industry standards in dealing with security. In particular, they highlight that:</p><ul><li>The Istio Product Security Working Group responds swiftly to security disclosures</li><li>The documentation on the project’s security is comprehensive, well-written and up to date</li><li>Security vulnerability disclosures follow industry standards and security advisories are clear and detailed</li><li>Security fixes include regression tests</li></ul><h2 id=resolution-and-learnings>Resolution and learnings</h2><h3 id=request-smuggling-vulnerability-in-go>Request smuggling vulnerability in Go</h3><p>The auditors uncovered a situation where Istio could accept traffic using HTTP/2 Over Cleartext (h2c), a method of making an unencrypted connection with HTTP/1.1 and then upgrading to HTTP/2. The <a href=https://pkg.go.dev/golang.org/x/net/http2/h2c>Go library for h2c connections</a> reads the entire request into memory, and notes that if you wish to avoid this, the request should be wrapped in a <code>MaxBytesHandler</code>.</p><p>In fixing this bug, Istio TOC member John Howard noticed that the recommended fix introduces a <a href=https://portswigger.net/web-security/request-smuggling>request smuggling vulnerability</a>. The Go team thus published <a href="https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2022-41721">CVE-2022-41721</a> — the only vulnerability discovered by this audit!</p><p>Istio has since been changed to disable h2c upgrade support throughout.</p><h3 id=improvements-to-file-fetching>Improvements to file fetching</h3><p>The most common class of issue found were related to Istio fetching files over a network (for example, the Istio Operator installing Helm charts, or the WebAssembly module downloader):</p><ul><li>A crafted Helm chart could exhaust disk space (#1) or overwrite other files in the Operator’s pod (#2)</li><li>File handles were not closed in the case of an error, and could be exhausted (#3)</li><li>Crafted files could exhaust memory (#4 and #5)</li></ul><p>To execute these code paths, an attacker would need enough privilege to either specify a URL for a Helm chart or a WebAssembly module. With such access, they would not need an exploit: they could already cause an arbitrary chart to be installed to the cluster or an arbitrary WebAssembly module to be loaded into memory on the proxy servers.</p><p>The auditors and maintainers both note that the Operator is not recommended as a method of installation, as this requires a high-privilege controller to run in the cluster.</p><h3 id=other-issues>Other issues</h3><p>The remaining issues found were:</p><ul><li>In some testing code, or where a control plane component connects to another component over localhost, minimum TLS settings were not enforced (#6)</li><li>Operations that failed may not return error codes (#7)</li><li>A deprecated library was being used (#8)</li><li><a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-of-check_to_time-of-use>TOC/TOU</a> race conditions in a library used for copying files (#9)</li><li>A user could exhaust the memory of the Security Token Service if running in Debug mode (#11)</li></ul><p>Please refer to <a href=/v1.24/blog/2023/ada-logics-security-assessment/Istio%20audit%20report%20-%20ADA%20Logics%20-%202023-01-30%20-%20v1.0.pdf>the full report</a> for details.</p><h3 id=reviewing-the-2020-report>Reviewing the 2020 report</h3><p>All 18 issues reported in Istio’s first security assessment were found to have been fixed.</p><h3 id=fuzzing>Fuzzing</h3><p>The <a href=https://google.github.io/oss-fuzz/>OSS-Fuzz project</a> helps open source projects perform free <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzing>fuzz testing</a>. Istio is integrated into OSS-Fuzz with 63 fuzzers running continuously: this support was <a href=https://adalogics.com/blog/fuzzing-istio-cve-CVE-2022-23635>built by ADA Logics and the Istio team in late 2021</a>.</p><div><aside class="callout quote"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.24/img/icons.svg#callout-quote"/></svg></div><div class=content><strong>"[We] started the fuzzing assessment by prioritizing security-critical parts of Istio. We found that many of these had impressive test coverage with little to no room for improvement." - ADA Logics</strong></div></aside></div><p>The assessment notes that “Istio benefits largely from having a substantial fuzz test suite that runs continuously on OSS-Fuzz”, and identified a few APIs in security-critical code that would benefit from further fuzzing, Six new fuzzers were contributed as a result of this work; by the end of the audit, the new tests had run over <strong>3 billion</strong> times.</p><h3 id=slsa>SLSA</h3><p><a href=https://slsa.dev/>Supply chain Levels for Software Artifacts</a> (SLSA) is a check-list of standards and controls to prevent tampering, improve integrity, and secure software packages and infrastructure. It is organized into a series of levels that provide increasing integrity guarantees.</p><p>Istio does not currently generate provenance artifacts, so it does not meet the requirements for any SLSA levels. <a href=https://github.com/istio/istio/issues/42517>Work on reaching SLSA Level 1 is currently underway</a>. If you would like to get involved, please join the <a href=https://slack.istio.io/>Istio Slack</a> and reach out to our <a href=https://istio.slack.com/archives/C6FCV6WN4>Test and Release working group</a>.</p><h2 id=get-involved>Get involved</h2><p>If you want to get involved with Istio product security, or become a maintainer, we’d love to have you! <a href=https://github.com/istio/community/blob/master/WORKING-GROUPS.md>Join our public meetings</a> to raise issues or learn about what we are doing to keep Istio secure.</p></div><div class=share-social><div class=heading>Share this post</div><div class=share-buttons><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=%2fv1.24%2fblog%2f2023%2fada-logics-security-assessment%2f" target=_blank><img class=share-icon src=/v1.24/img/social/linkedin.svg alt="Share to LinkedIn">
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