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ambient?</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Concepts><a class=main title="Learn about the different parts of the Istio system and the abstractions it uses." href=/v1.24/docs/concepts/>Concepts</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the various Istio features focused on traffic routing and control." href=/v1.24/docs/concepts/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality." href=/v1.24/docs/concepts/security/>Security</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the telemetry and monitoring features provided by Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/concepts/observability/>Observability</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's WebAssembly Plugin system." href=/v1.24/docs/concepts/wasm/>Extensibility</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Sidecar Mode"><a class=main title="Information for setting up and operating Istio in sidecar mode." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/>Sidecar Mode</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Try Istio’s features quickly and easily." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/getting-started/>Getting Started</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Platform Setup"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="How to prepare various Kubernetes platforms before installing Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/platform-setup/>Platform Setup</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to set up an Alibaba Cloud Kubernetes cluster for Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/platform-setup/alicloud/>Alibaba Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to set up Istio on Amazon EKS in AWS cloud." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/platform-setup/amazon-eks/>Amazon EKS</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to set up an Azure cluster for Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/platform-setup/azure/>Azure</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to set up Docker Desktop for Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/platform-setup/docker/>Docker Desktop</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to set up a Google Kubernetes Engine cluster for Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/platform-setup/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to set up an Huawei Cloud kubernetes cluster for Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/platform-setup/huaweicloud/>Huawei Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to set up an IBM Cloud cluster for Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/platform-setup/ibm/>IBM Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to set up k3d for Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/platform-setup/k3d/>k3d</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to set up kind for Istio." 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cluster using Helm." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/install/helm/>Install with Helm</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Install Multicluster"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/install/multicluster/>Install Multicluster</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Initial steps before installing Istio on multiple clusters." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/install/multicluster/before-you-begin/>Before you begin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple primary clusters." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/install/multicluster/multi-primary/>Install Multi-Primary</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across primary and remote clusters." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/install/multicluster/primary-remote/>Install Primary-Remote</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple primary clusters on different networks." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/install/multicluster/multi-primary_multi-network/>Install Multi-Primary on different networks</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across primary and remote clusters on different networks." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/install/multicluster/primary-remote_multi-network/>Install Primary-Remote on different networks</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Verify that Istio has been installed properly on multiple clusters." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/install/multicluster/verify/>Verify the installation</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install Istio with an external control plane and a remote cluster data plane." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/install/external-controlplane/>Install Istio with an External Control Plane</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install multiple Istio control planes in a single cluster using revisions and discoverySelectors." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/install/multiple-controlplanes/>Install Multiple Istio Control Planes in a Single Cluster</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploy Istio and connect a workload running within a virtual machine to it." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/install/virtual-machine/>Virtual Machine Installation</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Upgrade><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Upgrade, downgrade, and manage Istio across multiple control plane revisions." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/upgrade/>Upgrade</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Upgrade Istio by first running a canary deployment of a new control plane." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/upgrade/canary/>Canary Upgrades</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Upgrade or downgrade Istio in place." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/upgrade/in-place/>In-place Upgrades</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to upgrade Istio using Helm." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/upgrade/helm/>Upgrade with Helm</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="More Guides"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="More information on additional setup tasks." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/additional-setup/>More Guides</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Get the files required to install and explore Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/additional-setup/download-istio-release/>Download the Istio release</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the built-in Istio installation configuration profiles." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/additional-setup/config-profiles/>Installation Configuration Profiles</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title='How to configure "compatibility versions", to decouple behavioral changes from releases.' href=/v1.24/docs/setup/additional-setup/compatibility-versions/>Compatibility Versions</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and customize Istio Gateways." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/additional-setup/gateway/>Installing Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/>Installing the Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to customize installation configuration options." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/additional-setup/customize-installation/>Customizing the installation configuration</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to customize installation configuration options when installing with helm." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/additional-setup/customize-installation-helm/>Advanced Helm Chart Customization</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and use Istio in Dual-Stack mode running on a Dual-Stack Kubernetes cluster." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/additional-setup/dual-stack/>Install Istio in Dual-Stack mode</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and use Istio with the Pod Security admission controller." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/additional-setup/pod-security-admission/>Install Istio with Pod Security Admission</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and use the Istio CNI node agent, allowing operators to deploy workloads with lower privilege." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/additional-setup/cni/>Install the Istio CNI node agent</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Try Istio’s features with the legacy Istio APIs." href=/v1.24/docs/setup/additional-setup/getting-started-istio-apis/>Getting Started without the Gateway API</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Ambient Mode"><a class=main title="Information for setting up and operating Istio with support for ambient mode." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/>Ambient Mode</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An overview of Istio's ambient data plane mode." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/overview/>Overview</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Getting Started"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="How to deploy and install Istio in ambient mode." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/getting-started/>Getting Started</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploy the Bookinfo sample application." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/getting-started/deploy-sample-app/>Deploy a sample application</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Enable ambient mode and secure the communication between applications." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/getting-started/secure-and-visualize/>Secure and visualize the application</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Enforce Layer 4 and Layer 7 authorization policies in an ambient mesh." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/getting-started/enforce-auth-policies/>Enforce authorization policies</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Manage traffic between services in the ambient mode." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/getting-started/manage-traffic/>Manage traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Delete Istio and associated resources." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/getting-started/cleanup/>Clean up</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Install><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Installation guides for Istio in ambient mode." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/install/>Install</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Platform-specific prerequisites for installing Istio in ambient mode." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/install/platform-prerequisites/>Platform-Specific Prerequisites</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install Istio with support for ambient mode with Helm." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/install/helm/>Install with Helm</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install Istio with support for ambient mode using the istioctl command line tool." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/install/istioctl/>Install with istioctl</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Upgrade><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Upgrade guides for Istio in ambient mode." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/upgrade/>Upgrade</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Upgrading an ambient mode installation with Helm." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/upgrade/helm/>Upgrade with Helm</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="User Guides"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="How to configure your mesh to take advantage of ambient mode." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/usage/>User Guides</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Understand how to add workloads to an ambient mesh." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/usage/add-workloads/>Add workloads to the mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Understand how to verify mTLS is enabled among workloads in an ambient mesh." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/usage/verify-mtls-enabled/>Verify mutual TLS is enabled</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Understanding how CNI-enforced L4 Kubernetes NetworkPolicy interacts with Istio's ambient mode." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/usage/networkpolicy/>Ambient and Kubernetes NetworkPolicy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Supported security features when only using the secure L4 overlay." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/usage/l4-policy/>Use Layer 4 security policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Gain the full set of Istio features with optional Layer 7 proxies." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/usage/waypoint/>Configure waypoint proxies</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Supported features when using a L7 waypoint proxy." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/usage/l7-features/>Use Layer 7 features</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to make remote WebAssembly modules available for ambient mode (Alpha)" href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/usage/extend-waypoint-wasm/>Extend waypoints with WebAssembly plugins *</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to validate the node proxies have the correct configuration." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/usage/troubleshoot-ztunnel/>Troubleshoot connectivity issues with ztunnel</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to investigate problems routing through waypoint proxies." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/usage/troubleshoot-waypoint/>Troubleshoot issues with waypoints</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Architecture><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="A deep dive into the architecture of ambient mode." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/architecture/>Architecture</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Understand how ambient interacts with the Istio control plane." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/architecture/control-plane/>Ambient and the Istio control plane</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Understand how the ambient data plane routes traffic between workloads in an ambient mesh." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/architecture/data-plane/>Ambient data plane</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Understanding Istio's secure tunneling protocol." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/architecture/hbone/>HBONE</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Understand how traffic is redirected between pods and the ztunnel node proxy." href=/v1.24/docs/ambient/architecture/traffic-redirection/>Ztunnel traffic redirection</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Tasks><a class=main title="How to do single specific targeted activities with the Istio system." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/>Tasks</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Tasks that demonstrate Istio's traffic routing features." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing to multiple versions of a microservice." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing/>Request Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to inject faults to test the resiliency of your application." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection/>Fault Injection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting/>Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate TCP traffic from an old to new version of a TCP service." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/tcp-traffic-shifting/>TCP Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to set up request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts/>Request Timeouts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure circuit breaking for connections, requests, and outlier detection." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking/>Circuit Breaking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task demonstrates the traffic mirroring/shadowing capabilities of Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring/>Mirroring</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Locality Load Balancing"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="This series of tasks demonstrate how to configure locality load balancing in Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/locality-load-balancing/>Locality Load Balancing</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Initial steps before configuring locality load balancing." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/locality-load-balancing/before-you-begin/>Before you begin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task demonstrates how to configure your mesh for locality failover." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/locality-load-balancing/failover/>Locality failover</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This guide demonstrates how to configure locality distribution." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/locality-load-balancing/distribute/>Locality weighted distribution</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Cleanup steps for locality load balancing." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/locality-load-balancing/cleanup/>Cleanup</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Ingress><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Controlling ingress traffic for an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/>Ingress</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Istio gateway to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-control/>Ingress Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Expose a service outside of the service mesh over TLS or mTLS." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/secure-ingress/>Secure Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI passthrough for an ingress gateway." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-sni-passthrough/>Ingress Gateway without TLS Termination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to terminate TLS traffic at a sidecar without using an Ingress Gateway." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-sidecar-tls-termination/>Ingress Sidecar TLS Termination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure a Kubernetes Ingress object to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/kubernetes-ingress/>Kubernetes Ingress</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure the Kubernetes Gateway API with Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/gateway-api/>Kubernetes Gateway API</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Egress><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Controlling egress traffic for an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/>Egress</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-control/>Accessing External Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to perform TLS origination for traffic to external services." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-tls-origination/>Egress TLS Origination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to direct traffic to external services through a dedicated gateway." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-gateway/>Egress Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Egress Gateway to perform TLS origination to external services." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-gateway-tls-origination/>Egress Gateways with TLS Origination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to enable egress traffic for a set of hosts in a common domain, instead of configuring each and every host separately." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/wildcard-egress-hosts/>Egress using Wildcard Hosts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to configure Istio for Kubernetes External Services." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-kubernetes-services/>Kubernetes Services for Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to let applications use an external HTTPS proxy." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/http-proxy/>Using an External HTTPS Proxy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Demonstrates how to secure the mesh." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label="Certificate Management"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Management of the certificates in Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/security/cert-management/>Certificate Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how system administrators can configure Istio's CA with a root certificate, signing certificate and key." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/security/cert-management/plugin-ca-cert/>Plug in CA Certificates</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to use a Custom Certificate Authority (that integrates with the Kubernetes CSR API) to provision Istio workload certificates (Experimental)" href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/security/cert-management/custom-ca-k8s/>Custom CA Integration using Kubernetes CSR *</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Authentication><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Controlling mutual TLS and end-user authentication for mesh services." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/security/authentication/>Authentication</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use Istio authentication policy to set up mutual TLS and basic end-user authentication." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/security/authentication/authn-policy/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use Istio authentication policy to route requests based on JWT claims (Alpha)" href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/security/authentication/jwt-route/>JWT claim based routing *</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how users can copy their JWT claims to HTTP headers (Experimental)" href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/security/authentication/claim-to-header/>Copy JWT Claims to HTTP Headers *</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to incrementally migrate your Istio services to mutual TLS." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/security/authentication/mtls-migration/>Mutual TLS Migration</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Authorization><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Shows how to control access to Istio services." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/security/authorization/>Authorization</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up access control for HTTP traffic." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-http/>HTTP Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up access control for TCP traffic." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-tcp/>TCP Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up access control for JWT token." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-jwt/>JWT Token</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to integrate and delegate access control to an external authorization system." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-custom/>External Authorization</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up access control to deny traffic explicitly." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-deny/>Explicit Deny</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up access control on an ingress gateway." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-ingress/>Ingress Access Control</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to migrate from one trust domain to another without changing authorization policy." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-td-migration/>Trust Domain Migration</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to dry-run an authorization policy without enforcing it (Alpha)" href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-dry-run/>Dry Run *</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="TLS Configuration"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="TLS configuration in Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/security/tls-configuration/>TLS Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to configure the minimum TLS version for Istio workloads." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/security/tls-configuration/workload-min-tls-version/>Istio Workload Minimum TLS Version Configuration</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Policy Enforcement"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Demonstrates policy enforcement features." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/>Policy Enforcement</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limit/>Enabling Rate Limits using Envoy</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Observability><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Demonstrates how to collect telemetry information from the mesh." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/observability/>Observability</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure the Telemetry API." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/observability/telemetry/>Telemetry API</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Metrics><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Demonstrates the collection and querying of metrics within Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/>Metrics</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to customize the Istio metrics with Telemetry API." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/telemetry-api/>Customizing Istio Metrics with Telemetry API</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/tcp-metrics/>Collecting Metrics for TCP Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to customize the Istio metrics." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/customize-metrics/>Customizing Istio Metrics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to improve telemetry by grouping requests and responses by their type." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/classify-metrics/>Classifying Metrics Based on Request or Response</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/querying-metrics/>Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to set up and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/using-istio-dashboard/>Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Logs><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Demonstrates the collection of logs within Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/observability/logs/>Logs</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Envoy proxies to send access logs with Telemetry API." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/observability/logs/telemetry-api/>Configure access logs with Telemetry API</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Envoy proxies to print access logs to their standard output." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/observability/logs/access-log/>Envoy Access Logs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Envoy proxies to send access logs with OpenTelemetry collector." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/observability/logs/otel-provider/>OpenTelemetry</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Distributed Tracing"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio-enabled applications to collect trace spans." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/>Distributed Tracing</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Overview of distributed tracing in Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/overview/>Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure tracing options using Telemetry API." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/telemetry-api/>Configure tracing with Telemetry API</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure tracing options using MeshConfig and pod annotations." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/mesh-and-proxy-config/>Configure tracing using MeshConfig and pod annotations</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn the different approaches on how to configure trace sampling on the proxies." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/sampling/>Configure trace sampling</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send traces in OpenTelemetry format." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/opentelemetry/>OpenTelemetry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Jaeger." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/jaeger/>Jaeger</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Apache SkyWalking." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/skywalking/>Apache SkyWalking</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to visualize your services within an Istio mesh." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/observability/kiali/>Visualizing Your Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure external access to the set of Istio telemetry addons." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/observability/gateways/>Remotely Accessing Telemetry Addons</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Extensibility><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Demonstrates how to extend mesh behavior." href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/extensibility/>Extensibility</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to make remote WebAssembly modules available in the mesh (Alpha)" href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/extensibility/wasm-module-distribution/>Distributing WebAssembly Modules *</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Examples><a class=main title="A variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with." href=/v1.24/docs/examples/>Examples</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices used to demonstrate various Istio features." href=/v1.24/docs/examples/bookinfo/>Bookinfo Application</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Run the Bookinfo application with a MySQL service running on a virtual machine within your mesh." href=/v1.24/docs/examples/virtual-machines/>Bookinfo with a Virtual Machine</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Learn Microservices using Kubernetes and Istio"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="This modular tutorial provides new users with hands-on experience using Istio for common microservices scenarios, one step at a time." href=/v1.24/docs/examples/microservices-istio/>Learn Microservices using Kubernetes and Istio</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/examples/microservices-istio/prereq/>Prerequisites</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/examples/microservices-istio/setup-kubernetes-cluster/>Set up a Kubernetes Cluster</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/examples/microservices-istio/setup-local-computer/>Set up a Local Computer</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/examples/microservices-istio/single/>Run a Microservice Locally</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/examples/microservices-istio/package-service/>Run ratings in Docker</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/examples/microservices-istio/bookinfo-kubernetes/>Run Bookinfo with Kubernetes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/examples/microservices-istio/production-testing/>Test in production</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/examples/microservices-istio/add-new-microservice-version/>Add a new version of reviews</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/examples/microservices-istio/add-istio/>Enable Istio on productpage</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/examples/microservices-istio/enable-istio-all-microservices/>Enable Istio on all the microservices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/examples/microservices-istio/istio-ingress-gateway/>Configure Istio Ingress Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/examples/microservices-istio/logs-istio/>Monitoring with Istio</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Operations><a class=main title="Concepts, tools, and techniques to deploy and manage an Istio mesh." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/>Operations</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true><li role=treeitem aria-label=Deployment><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Requirements, concepts, and considerations for setting up an Istio deployment." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/deployment/>Deployment</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Platform requirements for Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/deployment/platform-requirements/>Platform Requirements</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's high-level architecture and design goals." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/deployment/architecture/>Architecture</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's security model." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/deployment/security-model/>Security Model</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the options and considerations when configuring your Istio deployment." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/deployment/deployment-models/>Deployment Models</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's high-level architecture for virtual machines." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/deployment/vm-architecture/>Virtual Machine Architecture</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio performance and scalability summary." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/deployment/performance-and-scalability/>Performance and Scalability</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Requirements of applications deployed in an Istio-enabled cluster." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/deployment/application-requirements/>Application Requirements</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Configuration><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Advanced concepts and features for configuring a running Istio mesh." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/configuration/>Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label="Mesh Configuration"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Helps you manage the global mesh configuration." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/>Mesh Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provides a general overview of Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks and the related issues that can arise." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/webhook/>Dynamic Admission Webhooks Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to do health checking for Istio services." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/app-health-check/>Health Checking of Istio Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to scope configuration in Istio, for operational and performance benefits." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/configuration-scoping/>Configuration Scoping</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Helps you manage the networking aspects of a running mesh." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to specify protocols." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/protocol-selection/>Protocol Selection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure certificates within your mesh." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/manage-mesh-certificates/>Managing In-Mesh Certificates</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure TLS settings to secure network traffic." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/tls-configuration/>TLS Configuration</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How Istio routes traffic through the mesh." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/traffic-routing/>Traffic Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How DNS interacts with Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/dns/>DNS</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure gateway network topology (Alpha)" href=/v1.24/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/network-topologies/>Configuring Gateway Network Topology *</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure DNS proxying." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/dns-proxy/>DNS Proxying</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure how traffic is distributed among clusters in the mesh." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/multicluster/>Multi-cluster Traffic Management</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Helps you manage the security aspects of a running mesh." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/configuration/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows common examples of using Istio security policy." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/configuration/security/security-policy-examples/>Security policy examples</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Use hardened container images to reduce Istio's attack surface." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/configuration/security/harden-docker-images/>Harden Docker Container Images</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Observability><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Helps you manage telemetry collection and visualization in a running mesh." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/>Observability</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Fine-grained control of Envoy statistics." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/envoy-stats/>Envoy Statistics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configure Prometheus to monitor multicluster Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/monitoring-multicluster-prometheus/>Monitoring Multicluster Istio with Prometheus</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Extensibility><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Helps you manage extensions to the service mesh." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/configuration/extensibility/>Extensibility</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how Istio determines whether to pull Wasm modules or use cached versions (Alpha)" href=/v1.24/docs/ops/configuration/extensibility/wasm-pull-policy/>Pull Policy for WebAssembly Modules *</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Best Practices"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Best practices for setting up and managing an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/best-practices/>Best Practices</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="General best practices when setting up an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/best-practices/deployment/>Deployment Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration best practices to avoid networking or traffic management issues." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/best-practices/traffic-management/>Traffic Management Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Best practices for securing applications using Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/best-practices/security/>Security Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to use image signatures to verify the provenance of Istio images." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/best-practices/image-signing-validation/>Image Signing and Validation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Best practices for observing applications using Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/best-practices/observability/>Observability Best Practices</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Common Problems"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Describes how to identify and resolve common problems in Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/common-problems/>Common Problems</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Techniques to address common Istio traffic management and network problems." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/common-problems/network-issues/>Traffic Management Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Techniques to address common Istio authentication, authorization, and general security-related problems." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/common-problems/security-issues/>Security Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Dealing with telemetry collection issues." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/common-problems/observability-issues/>Observability Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Resolve common problems with Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for automatic sidecar injection." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/common-problems/injection/>Sidecar Injection Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to resolve configuration validation problems." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/common-problems/validation/>Configuration Validation Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Resolve common problems with Istio upgrades." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/common-problems/upgrade-issues/>Upgrade Problems</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Diagnostic Tools"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Tools and techniques to help troubleshoot an Istio mesh." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/>Diagnostic Tools</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio includes a supplemental tool that provides debugging and diagnosis for Istio service mesh deployments." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl/>Using the Istioctl Command-line Tool</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes tools and techniques to diagnose Envoy configuration issues related to traffic management." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/proxy-cmd/>Debugging Envoy and Istiod</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use istioctl describe to verify the configurations of a pod in your mesh." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl-describe/>Understand your Mesh with Istioctl Describe</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use istioctl analyze to identify potential issues with your configuration." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl-analyze/>Diagnose your Configuration with Istioctl Analyze</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to use istioctl check-inject to confirm if Istio sidecar injection is properly enabled for your deployments." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/check-inject/>Verifying Istio Sidecar Injection with Istioctl Check-Inject</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to use ControlZ to get insight into a running istiod component." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/controlz/>Istiod Introspection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to use component-level logging to get insights into a running component's behavior." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/component-logging/>Component Logging</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes tools and techniques to diagnose issues with Virtual Machines." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/virtual-machines/>Debugging Virtual Machines</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes tools and techniques to diagnose issues with multicluster and multi-network installations." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/multicluster/>Troubleshooting Multicluster</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes tools and techniques to diagnose issues using Istio with the CNI plugin." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/cni/>Troubleshooting the Istio CNI plugin</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Integrations><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Other software that Istio can integrate with to provide additional functionality." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/integrations/>Integrations</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to integrate with cert-manager." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/integrations/certmanager/>cert-manager</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to integrate with Grafana to set up Istio dashboards." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/integrations/grafana/>Grafana</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to integrate with Jaeger." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/integrations/jaeger/>Jaeger</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to integrate with Kiali." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/integrations/kiali/>Kiali</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to integrate with Prometheus." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/integrations/prometheus/>Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure Istio to integrate with SPIRE to get cryptographic identities through Envoy's SDS API." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/integrations/spire/>SPIRE</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to integrate with Apache SkyWalking." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/integrations/skywalking/>Apache SkyWalking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to integrate with Zipkin." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/integrations/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to integrate Istio with third party load balancers." href=/v1.24/docs/ops/integrations/loadbalancers/>Third Party Load Balancers</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Releases><a class=main title="Information relating to Istio releases." href=/v1.24/docs/releases/>Releases</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="List of features and their release stages." href=/v1.24/docs/releases/feature-stages/>Feature Status</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="What to do if you find a bug." href=/v1.24/docs/releases/bugs/>Reporting Bugs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How we handle security vulnerabilities." href=/v1.24/docs/releases/security-vulnerabilities/>Security Vulnerabilities</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The currently supported Istio releases." href=/v1.24/docs/releases/supported-releases/>Supported Releases</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Contribute Documentation"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Details how to create and maintain Istio documentation pages." href=/v1.24/docs/releases/contribute/>Contribute Documentation</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use GitHub to contribute to the Istio documentation." href=/v1.24/docs/releases/contribute/github/>Work with GitHub</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Details how to contribute new documentation to Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/releases/contribute/add-content/>Add New Documentation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Details how to contribute retired documentation to Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/releases/contribute/remove-content/>Remove Retired Documentation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Explains how to locally build, test, serve, and preview the website." href=/v1.24/docs/releases/contribute/build/>Build and serve the website locally</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Explains the front matter used in our documentation and the fields available." href=/v1.24/docs/releases/contribute/front-matter/>Front matter</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how changes to the Istio documentation and website are reviewed and approved." href=/v1.24/docs/releases/contribute/review/>Documentation Review Process</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Explains how to include code in your documentation." href=/v1.24/docs/releases/contribute/code-blocks/>Add Code Blocks</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Explains the shortcodes available and how to use them." href=/v1.24/docs/releases/contribute/shortcodes/>Use Shortcodes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Explains the standard markup used to format Istio documentation." href=/v1.24/docs/releases/contribute/formatting/>Follow Formatting Standards</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Explains the style conventions used in the Istio documentation." href=/v1.24/docs/releases/contribute/style-guide/>Style Guide</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Explains the terminology standards used in the Istio documentation." href=/v1.24/docs/releases/contribute/terminology/>Terminology Standards</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provides assets and instructions to create diagrams for the Istio documentation." href=/v1.24/docs/releases/contribute/diagrams/>Diagram Creation Guidelines</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="List of recent changes to this website." href=/v1.24/docs/releases/log/>Website Content Changes</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Reference><a class=main title="Detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/>Reference</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true><li role=treeitem aria-label=Configuration><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Detailed information on configuration options." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/>Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the structure of messages generated by Istio analyzers." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/istio.analysis.v1alpha1/>Analysis Messages</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting the service mesh as a whole." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/istio.mesh.v1alpha1/>Global Mesh Options</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting Istio control plane installation version and shape." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/istio.operator.v1alpha1/>IstioOperator Options</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the role of the `status` field in configuration workflow." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/config-status/>Configuration Status Field</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Proxy Extensions"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio proxy extensions." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/>Proxy Extensions</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Extend the functionality provided by the Istio proxy through WebAssembly filters." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/wasm-plugin/>Wasm Plugin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Stats Filter." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/stats/>Stats Config</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Describes how to configure HTTP/TCP routing features." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/networking/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting load balancing, outlier detection, etc." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/networking/destination-rule/>Destination Rule</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Customizing Envoy configuration generated by Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/networking/envoy-filter/>Envoy Filter</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting edge load balancer." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/networking/gateway/>Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provides configuration for individual workloads." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/networking/proxy-config/>ProxyConfig</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting service registry." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/networking/service-entry/>Service Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting network reachability of a sidecar." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/networking/sidecar/>Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting label/content routing, sni routing, etc." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/networking/virtual-service/>Virtual Service</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting VMs onboarded into the mesh." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/networking/workload-entry/>Workload Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes a collection of workload instances." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/networking/workload-group/>Workload Group</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio's security features." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Peer authentication configuration for workloads." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/security/peer_authentication/>PeerAuthentication</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Request authentication configuration for workloads." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/security/request_authentication/>RequestAuthentication</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for access control on workloads." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/security/authorization-policy/>Authorization Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the supported conditions in authorization policies." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/security/conditions/>Authorization Policy Conditions</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the supported normalizations in authorization policies." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/security/normalization/>Authorization Policy Normalization</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Telemetry configuration for workloads." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/telemetry/>Telemetry</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Common Types"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Describes common types in Istio API." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/type/>Common Types</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Definition of a workload selector." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/type/workload-selector/>Workload Selector</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio standard metrics exported by Istio telemetry." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/metrics/>Istio Standard Metrics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Resource annotations used by Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/annotations/>Resource Annotations</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Resource labels used by Istio." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/labels/>Resource Labels</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Configuration Analysis Messages"><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Documents the individual error and warning messages produced during configuration analysis." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/>Configuration Analysis Messages</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0136/>AlphaAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/message-format/>Analyzer Message Format</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0109/>ConflictingMeshGatewayVirtualServiceHosts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0110/>ConflictingSidecarWorkloadSelectors</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0159/>ConflictingTelemetryWorkloadSelectors</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0116/>DeploymentAssociatedToMultipleServices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0137/>DeploymentConflictingPorts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0002/>Deprecated</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0135/>DeprecatedAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0153/>EnvoyFilterUsesAddOperationIncorrectly</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0151/>EnvoyFilterUsesRelativeOperation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0155/>EnvoyFilterUsesRelativeOperationWithProxyVersion</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0154/>EnvoyFilterUsesRemoveOperationIncorrectly</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0152/>EnvoyFilterUsesReplaceOperationIncorrectly</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0164/>ExternalControlPlaneAddressIsNotAHostname</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0150/>ExternalNameServiceTypeInvalidPortName</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0162/>GatewayPortNotDefinedOnService</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0167/>IneffectivePolicy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0166/>IneffectiveSelector</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0001/>InternalError</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0125/>InvalidAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0144/>InvalidApplicationUID</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0163/>InvalidExternalControlPlaneConfig</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0161/>InvalidGatewayCredential</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0157/>InvalidTelemetryProvider</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0143/>LocalhostListener</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0107/>MisplacedAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0111/>MultipleSidecarsWithoutWorkloadSelectors</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0160/>MultipleTelemetriesWithoutWorkloadSelectors</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0123/>NamespaceMultipleInjectionLabels</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0102/>NamespaceNotInjected</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0127/>NoMatchingWorkloadsFound</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0128/>NoServerCertificateVerificationDestinationLevel</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0129/>NoServerCertificateVerificationPortLevel</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0103/>PodMissingProxy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0158/>PodsIstioProxyImageMismatchInNamespace</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0118/>PortNameIsNotUnderNamingConvention</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0101/>ReferencedResourceNotFound</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0106/>SchemaValidationError</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0134/>ServiceEntryAddressesRequired</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0108/>UnknownAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0112/>VirtualServiceDestinationPortSelectorRequired</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0132/>VirtualServiceHostNotFoundInGateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0131/>VirtualServiceIneffectiveMatch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0130/>VirtualServiceUnreachableRule</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Commands><button aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></button><a title="Describes usage and options of the Istio commands and utilities." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/commands/>Commands</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and configure Istio CNI plugin on a node, detect and repair pod which is broken by race condition." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/commands/install-cni/>install-cni</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio control interface." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/>istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot agent." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/commands/pilot-agent/>pilot-agent</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery/>pilot-discovery</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A glossary of common Istio terms." href=/v1.24/docs/reference/glossary/>Glossary</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></nav></div><div class=article-container><button id=sidebar-toggle 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Contents</button><article aria-labelledby=title><nav aria-label=Breadcrumb><ol><li><a href=/v1.24/docs/ title="Learn how to deploy, use, and operate Istio.">Documentation</a><svg class="icon breadcrumb-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.24/img/icons.svg#breadcrumb-arrow"/></svg></li><li><a href=/v1.24/docs/overview/ title="A high-level introduction to Istio and service mesh.">Overview</a><svg class="icon breadcrumb-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.24/img/icons.svg#breadcrumb-arrow"/></svg></li><li>Sidecar or ambient?</li></ol></nav><div class=title-area><div style=width:100%><h1 id=title>Sidecar or ambient?</h1><p class=byline><span class=reading-time title="946 words"><svg class="icon clock"><use xlink:href="/v1.24/img/icons.svg#clock"/></svg><span>&nbsp;</span>5 minute read</span>
<span>&nbsp;</span>
<span></span></p></div></div><nav class=toc-inlined aria-label="Table of Contents"><div><hr><ol><li role=none aria-label="Sidecar mode"><a href=#sidecar-mode>Sidecar mode</a><li role=none aria-label="Ambient mode"><a href=#ambient-mode>Ambient mode</a><li role=none aria-label="Choosing between sidecar and ambient"><a href=#choosing-between-sidecar-and-ambient>Choosing between sidecar and ambient</a><li role=none aria-label="Layer 4 vs Layer 7 features"><a href=#layer-4-vs-layer-7-features>Layer 4 vs Layer 7 features</a><ol><li role=none aria-label=Security><a href=#security>Security</a><li role=none aria-label=Observability><a href=#observability>Observability</a><li role=none aria-label="Traffic management"><a href=#traffic-management>Traffic management</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Unsupported features"><a href=#unsupported-features>Unsupported features</a><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol><hr></div></nav><p>An Istio service mesh is logically split into a data plane and a control plane.</p><p>The <span class=term data-title="Data Plane" data-body='<p>The data plane is the part of the mesh that directly handles and routes traffic between workload instances.</p>
<p>In <span class="term" data-title="Sidecar" data-body="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A sidecar, generally, is a container that runs alongside a primary application to provide additional functionality.
In Istio, sidecar mode is a &amp;lt;a href=&amp;#34;/docs/reference/glossary/#data-plane-mode&amp;#34;&amp;gt;data plane mode&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt; that runs an &amp;lt;a href=&amp;#34;/docs/reference/glossary/#envoy&amp;#34;&amp;gt;Envoy&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt; proxy alongside each
&amp;lt;a href=&amp;#34;/docs/reference/glossary/#pod&amp;#34;&amp;gt;Pod&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
">sidecar</span> mode, Istio&amp;rsquo;s data plane uses <a href="/docs/reference/glossary/#envoy">Envoy</a> proxies deployed as sidecars to mediate and control all traffic that your mesh services send and receive.</p>
<p>In <span class="term" data-title="Ambient" data-body="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Ambient mode refers to a &amp;lt;a href=&amp;#34;/docs/reference/glossary/#data-plane-mode&amp;#34;&amp;gt;data plane mode&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt; consisting of a per-node and optionally a per-namespace component. The mesh created when Istio is installed in ambient &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;mode&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; can be referred to as an ambient &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;mesh&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;.
Ambient mode is an alternative to a &amp;lt;a href=&amp;#34;/docs/reference/glossary/#sidecar&amp;#34;&amp;gt;sidecar mode&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt; deployment.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
">ambient</span> mode, Istio&amp;rsquo;s data plane uses node-level <span class="term" data-title="ztunnel" data-body="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Ztunnel refers to the node proxy component of &amp;lt;a href=&amp;#34;/docs/reference/glossary/#ambient&amp;#34;&amp;gt;ambient&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt; data plane mode.
Ztunnel runs on each node and securely transmits traffic using the &amp;lt;a href=&amp;#34;/docs/reference/glossary/#hbone&amp;#34;&amp;gt;HBONE&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt; protocol.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;For more details, see &amp;lt;a href=&amp;#34;/docs/ambient/architecture/data-plane/&amp;#34;&amp;gt;ambient data plane documentation&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
">ztunnel</span> proxies deployed as a DaemonSet to mediate and control all traffic that your mesh services send and receive.</p>
'>data plane</span> is the set of proxies that mediate and control all network communication between microservices. They also collect and report telemetry on all mesh traffic.</p><p>The <span class=term data-title="Control Plane" data-body="<p>A control plane is a set of system services that configure the mesh or a subset of
the mesh to manage the communication between the workload instances within.</p>
">control plane</span> manages and configures the proxies in the data plane.</p><p>Istio supports two main <span class=term data-title="Data Plane Mode" data-body='<p>The data plane mode refers to which deployment mode the <a href="/docs/reference/glossary/#data-plane">data plane</a> is using.
Istio currently supports three modes: <a href="/docs/reference/glossary/#sidecar">sidecar mode</a>, <a href="/docs/reference/glossary/#ambient">ambient mode</a>, and <a href="/docs/reference/glossary/#proxyless">proxyless</a>.</p>
'>data plane modes</span>:</p><ul><li><strong>sidecar mode</strong>, which deploys an Envoy proxy along with each pod that you start in your cluster, or running alongside services running on VMs.</li><li><strong>ambient mode</strong>, which uses a per-node Layer 4 proxy, and optionally a per-namespace Envoy proxy for Layer 7 features.</li></ul><p>You can opt certain namespaces or workloads into each mode.</p><h2 id=sidecar-mode>Sidecar mode</h2><p>Istio has been built on the sidecar pattern from its first release in 2017. Sidecar mode is well understood and thoroughly battle-tested, but comes with a resource cost and operational overhead.</p><ul><li>Each application you deploy has an Envoy proxy <span class=term data-title=Injection data-body='<p>Injection, or sidecar injection, refers to the use of <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/extensible-admission-controllers/">mutating webhooks</a> to modify pod specifications at creation time.</p>
<p>Injection can be used to add the Envoy sidecar configuration for mesh services or to configure the Envoy proxy of <a href="/docs/reference/glossary/#gateway">gateways</a>.</p>
<p>See <a href="/docs/setup/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/">Installing the sidecar</a> for more information.</p>
'>injected</span> as a sidecar</li><li>All proxies can process both Layer 4 and Layer 7</li></ul><h2 id=ambient-mode>Ambient mode</h2><p>Launched in 2022, ambient mode was built to address the shortcomings reported by users of sidecar mode. As of Istio 1.22, it is production-ready for single cluster use cases.</p><ul><li>All traffic is proxied through a Layer 4-only node proxy</li><li>Applications can opt in to routing through an Envoy proxy to get Layer 7 features</li></ul><h2 id=choosing-between-sidecar-and-ambient>Choosing between sidecar and ambient</h2><p>Users often deploy a mesh to enable a zero-trust security posture as a first-step and then selectively enable L7 capabilities as needed. Ambient mesh allows those users to bypass the cost of L7 processing entirely when it’s not needed.</p><table><thead><tr><td style=border-width:0></td><th><strong>Sidecar</strong></th><th><strong>Ambient</strong></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>Traffic management</th><td>Full Istio feature set</td><td>Full Istio feature set (requires using waypoint)</td></tr><tr><th>Security</th><td>Full Istio feature set</td><td>Full Istio feature set: encryption and L4 authorization in ambient mode. Requires waypoints for L7 authorization.</td></tr><tr><th>Observability</th><td>Full Istio feature set</td><td>Full Istio feature set: L4 telemetry in ambient mode; L7 observability when using waypoint</td></tr><tr><th>Extensibility</th><td>Full Istio feature set</td><td>Full Istio feature set (requires using waypoint) <sup><a href=#supported-features>&#945;</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th>Adding workloads to the mesh</th><td>Label a namespace and restart all pods to have sidecars added</td><td>Label a namespace - no pod restart required</td></tr><tr><th>Incremental deployment</th><td>Binary: sidecar is injected or it isn't</td><td>Gradual: L4 is always on, L7 can be added by configuration</td></tr><tr><th>Lifecycle management</th><td>Proxies managed by application developer</td><td>Platform administrator</td></tr><tr><th>Utilization of resources</th><td>Wasteful; CPU and memory resources must be provisioned for worst case usage of each individual pod</td><td>Waypoint proxies can be auto-scaled like any other Kubernetes deployment.<br>A workload with many replicas can use one waypoint, vs. each one having its own sidecar.</td></tr><tr><th>Average resource cost</th><td>Large</td><td>Small</td></tr><tr><th>Average latency (p90/p99)</th><td>0.63ms-0.88ms</td><td>Ambient: 0.16ms-0.20ms<br>Waypoint: 0.40ms-0.50ms</td></tr><tr><th>L7 processing steps</th><td>2 (source and destination sidecar)</td><td>1 (destination waypoint)</td></tr><tr><th>Configuration at scale</th><td>Requires <a href=/v1.24/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/configuration-scoping/>configuration of the scope of each sidecar</a> to reduce configuration</td><td>Works without custom configuration</td></tr><tr><th>Supports "server-first" protocols</th><td><a href=/v1.24/docs/ops/deployment/application-requirements/#server-first-protocols>Requires configuration</a></td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><th>Support for Kubernetes Jobs</th><td>Complicated by long life of sidecar</td><td>Transparent</td></tr><tr><th>Security model</th><td>Strongest: each workload has its own keys</td><td>Strong: each node agent has only the keys for workloads on that node</td></tr><tr><th>Compromised application pod<br>gives access to mesh keys</th><td>Yes</td><td>No</td></tr><tr><th>Support</th><td>Stable, including multi-cluster</td><td>Beta, single-cluster</td></tr><tr><th>Platforms supported</th><td>Kubernetes (any CNI)<br>Virtual machines</td><td>Kubernetes (any CNI)</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id=layer-4-vs-layer-7-features>Layer 4 vs Layer 7 features</h2><p>The overhead for processing protocols at Layer 7 is substantially higher than processing network packets at Layer 4. For a given service, if your requirements can be met at L4, service mesh can be delivered at substantially lower cost.</p><h3 id=security>Security</h3><table><thead><tr><td style=border-width:0 width=20%></td><th width=40%>L4</th><th width=40%>L7</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>Encryption</th><td>All traffic between pods is encrypted using <span class=term data-title="Mutual TLS Authentication" data-body='<p>Mutual TLS provides strong service-to-service authentication with built-in identity and credential management.
<a href="/docs/concepts/security/#mutual-tls-authentication">Learn more about mutual TLS authentication</a>.</p>
'>mTLS</span>.</td><td>N/A&mdash;service identity in Istio is based on TLS.</td></tr><tr><th>Service-to-service authentication</th><td><span class=term data-title=SPIFFE data-body='<p>The Secure Production Identity Framework For Everyone (SPIFFE) Project defines a framework and a set
of standards for identifying and securing communications between web-based services.</p>
<p><a href="https://spiffe.io/spiffe/concepts/">Learn more about SPIFFE</a>.</p>
'>SPIFFE</span>, via mTLS certificates. Istio issues a short-lived X.509 certificate that encodes the pod's service account identity.</td><td>N/A&mdash;service identity in Istio is based on TLS.</td></tr><tr><th>Service-to-service authorization</th><td>Network-based authorization, plus identity-based policy, e.g.:<ul><li>A can accept inbound calls from only "10.2.0.0/16";</li><li>A can call B.</li></ul></td><td>Full policy, e.g.:<ul><li>A can GET /foo on B only with valid end-user credentials containing the READ scope.</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th>End-user authentication</th><td>N/A&mdash;we can't apply per-user settings.</td><td>Local authentication of JWTs, support for remote authentication via OAuth and OIDC flows.</td></tr><tr><th>End-user authorization</th><td>N/A&mdash;see above.</td><td>Service-to-service policies can be extended to require <a href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/security/conditions/>end-user credentials with specific scopes, issuers, principal, audiences, etc.</a><br>Full user-to-resource access can be implemented using external authorization, allowing per-request policy with decisions from an external service, e.g. OPA.</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id=observability>Observability</h3><table><thead><tr><td style=border-width:0 width=20%></td><th width=40%>L4</th><th width=40%>L7</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>Logging</th><td>Basic network information: network 5-tuple, bytes sent/received, etc. <a href=https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/configuration/observability/access_log/usage#command-operators>See Envoy docs</a>.</td><td><a href=https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/configuration/observability/access_log/usage#command-operators>Full request metadata logging</a>, in addition to basic network information.</td></tr><tr><th>Tracing</th><td>Not today; possible eventually with HBONE.</td><td>Envoy participates in distributed tracing. <a href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/overview/>See Istio overview on tracing</a>.</td></tr><tr><th>Metrics</th><td>TCP only (bytes sent/received, number of packets, etc.).</td><td>L7 RED metrics: rate of requests, rate of errors, request duration (latency).</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id=traffic-management>Traffic management</h3><table><thead><tr><td style=border-width:0 width=20%></td><th width=40%>L4</th><th width=40%>L7</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>Load balancing</th><td>Connection level only. <a href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/tcp-traffic-shifting/>See TCP traffic shifting task</a>.</td><td>Per request, enabling e.g. canary deployments, gRPC traffic, etc. <a href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting/>See HTTP traffic shifting task</a>.</td></tr><tr><th>Circuit breaking</th><td><a href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/networking/destination-rule/#ConnectionPoolSettings-TCPSettings>TCP only</a>.</td><td><a href=/v1.24/docs/reference/config/networking/destination-rule/#ConnectionPoolSettings-HTTPSettings>HTTP settings</a> in addition to TCP.</td></tr><tr><th>Outlier detection</th><td>On connection establishment/failure.</td><td>On request success/failure.</td></tr><tr><th>Rate limiting</th><td><a href=https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/configuration/listeners/network_filters/rate_limit_filter#config-network-filters-rate-limit>Rate limit on L4 connection data only, on connection establishment</a>, with global and local rate limiting options.</td><td><a href=https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/configuration/http/http_filters/rate_limit_filter#config-http-filters-rate-limit>Rate limit on L7 request metadata</a>, per request.</td></tr><tr><th>Timeouts</th><td>Connection establishment only (connection keep-alive is configured via circuit breaking settings).</td><td>Per request.</td></tr><tr><th>Retries</th><td>Retry connection establishment</td><td>Retry per request failure.</td></tr><tr><th>Fault injection</th><td>N/A&mdash;fault injection cannot be configured on TCP connections.</td><td>Full application and connection-level faults (<a href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection/>timeouts, delays, specific response codes</a>).</td></tr><tr><th>Traffic mirroring</th><td>N/A&mdash;HTTP only</td><td><a href=/v1.24/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring/>Percentage-based mirroring of requests to multiple backends</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id=unsupported-features>Unsupported features</h2><p>The following features are available in sidecar mode, but not yet implemented in ambient mode:</p><ul><li>Sidecar-to-waypoint interoperability</li><li>Multi-cluster installations</li><li>Multi-network support</li><li>VM support</li></ul><nav id=see-also><h2>See also</h2><div class=see-also><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.24/blog/2023/traffic-for-ambient-and-sidecar/>Deep Dive into the Network Traffic Path of the Coexistence of Ambient and Sidecar</a></p><p class=desc>Deep Dive into the Traffic Path of the Coexistence of Ambient and Sidecar.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.24/blog/2024/ambient-reaches-ga/>Fast, Secure, and Simple: Istio’s Ambient Mode Reaches General Availability in v1.24</a></p><p class=desc>Our latest release signals ambient mode – service mesh without sidecars – is ready for everyone.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.24/blog/2024/ambient-reaches-beta/>Say goodbye to your sidecars: Istio's ambient mode reaches Beta in v1.22</a></p><p class=desc>Layer 4 & Layer 7 features are both now ready for production.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.24/blog/2023/waypoint-proxy-made-simple/>Istio Ambient Waypoint Proxy Made Simple</a></p><p class=desc>Introducing the new destination oriented waypoint proxy for simplicity and scalability.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.24/blog/2023/ambient-ebpf-redirection/>Using eBPF for traffic redirection in Istio ambient mode</a></p><p class=desc>An alternative approach to redirecting application pod traffic to the per-node ztunnel.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.24/blog/2023/rust-based-ztunnel/>Introducing Rust-Based Ztunnel for Istio Ambient Service Mesh</a></p><p class=desc>A purpose-built per-node proxy for Istio ambient mesh.</p></div></div></nav></article><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="Compare Istio to other service mesh solutions." href=/v1.24/docs/overview/why-choose-istio/ class=next-link><svg class="icon left-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.24/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>Why choose Istio?</a></div><div class=right></div></nav><div id=feedback><div id=feedback-initial>Was this information useful?<br><button class="btn feedback" onclick='sendFeedback("en",1)'>Yes</button>
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