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<button id=search-close title="Cancel search" type=reset aria-label="Cancel search"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.5/img/icons.svg#cancel-x"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><div class=banner-container></div><main class=primary><div id=sidebar-container class="sidebar-container sidebar-offcanvas"><nav id=sidebar aria-label="Section Navigation"><div class=directory><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card24 title="Learn about the different parts of the Istio system and the abstractions it uses." aria-controls=card24-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.5/img/icons.svg#concepts"/></svg>Concepts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card24 role=region id=card24-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card24><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduces Istio, the problems it solves, its high-level architecture, and its design goals." href=/v1.5/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/>What is Istio?</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the various Istio features focused on traffic routing and control." href=/v1.5/docs/concepts/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality." href=/v1.5/docs/concepts/security/>Security</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the telemetry and monitoring features provided by Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/concepts/observability/>Observability</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's WebAssembly Plugin system." href=/v1.5/docs/concepts/wasm/>Extensibility</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card47 title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes." aria-controls=card47-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.5/img/icons.svg#setup"/></svg>Setup</button><div class="body default" aria-labelledby=card47 role=region id=card47-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card47><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Try Istio’s features quickly and easily." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/getting-started/>Getting Started</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Platform Setup"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="How to prepare various Kubernetes platforms before installing Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/platform-setup/>Platform Setup</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Alibaba Cloud Kubernetes cluster for Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/platform-setup/alicloud/>Alibaba Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Azure cluster for Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/platform-setup/azure/>Azure</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup Docker Desktop for Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/platform-setup/docker/>Docker Desktop</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a Google Kubernetes Engine cluster for Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/platform-setup/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an IBM Cloud cluster for Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/platform-setup/ibm/>IBM Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup kind for Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/platform-setup/kind/>kind</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a Gardener cluster for Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/platform-setup/gardener/>Kubernetes Gardener</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a KubeSphere Container Platform for Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/platform-setup/kubesphere/>KubeSphere Container Platform</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup MicroK8s for use with Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/platform-setup/microk8s/>MicroK8s</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup minikube for Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/platform-setup/minikube/>Minikube</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OpenShift cluster for Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/platform-setup/openshift/>OpenShift</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OKE cluster for Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/platform-setup/oci/>Oracle Cloud Infrastructure</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Install><button class=show aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Choose the guide that best suits your needs and platform." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/install/>Install</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and customize any Istio configuration profile for in-depth evaluation or production use." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/install/istioctl/>Customizable Install with Istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and configure Istio for in-depth evaluation or production use." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/install/helm/>Customizable Install with Helm</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio in a Kubernetes cluster using the Istio operator." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/install/standalone-operator/>Standalone Operator Install</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Multicluster Installation"><button class=show aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Configure an Istio mesh spanning multiple Kubernetes clusters." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/install/multicluster/>Multicluster Installation</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters with replicated control plane instances." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/install/multicluster/gateways/>Replicated control planes</a></li><li role=none><span role=treeitem class=current title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters with a shared control plane.">Shared control plane (single and multiple networks)</span></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Upgrade><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Choose the upgrade guide that corresponds to the approach you previously used to install Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/upgrade/>Upgrade</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Upgrade or downgrade Istio using the istioctl upgrade command." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/upgrade/istioctl-upgrade/>Upgrade Istio using istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Upgrade the Istio control plane, and optionally, the CNI plug-in using Helm." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/upgrade/cni-helm-upgrade/>Upgrade using Helm</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="More Guides"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="More information on additional setup tasks." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/additional-setup/>More Guides</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the built-in Istio installation configuration profiles." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/additional-setup/config-profiles/>Installation Configuration Profiles</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/>Installing the Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and use Istio with the Istio CNI plugin, allowing operators to deploy services with lower privilege." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/additional-setup/cni/>Install Istio with the Istio CNI plugin</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card77 title="How to do single specific targeted activities with the Istio system." aria-controls=card77-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.5/img/icons.svg#tasks"/></svg>Tasks</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card77 role=region id=card77-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card77><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Tasks that demonstrate Istio's traffic routing features." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing to multiple versions of a microservice." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing/>Request Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to inject faults to test the resiliency of your application." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection/>Fault Injection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting/>Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate TCP traffic from an old to new version of a TCP service." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/tcp-traffic-shifting/>TCP Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts/>Request Timeouts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure circuit breaking for connections, requests, and outlier detection." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking/>Circuit Breaking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task demonstrates the traffic mirroring/shadowing capabilities of Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring/>Mirroring</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Ingress><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling ingress traffic for an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/>Ingress</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Istio gateway to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-control/>Ingress Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Expose a service outside of the service mesh over TLS or mTLS using file-mounted certificates." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/secure-ingress-mount/>Secure Gateways (File Mount)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Expose a service outside of the service mesh over TLS or mTLS using the secret discovery service (SDS)." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/secure-ingress-sds/>Secure Gateways (SDS)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI passthrough for an ingress gateway." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-sni-passthrough/>Ingress Gateway without TLS Termination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Demonstrates how to obtain Let's Encrypt TLS certificates for Kubernetes Ingress automatically using Cert-Manager." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-certmgr/>Kubernetes Ingress with Cert-Manager</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Egress><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling egress traffic for an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/>Egress</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-control/>Accessing External Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to perform TLS origination for traffic to external services." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-tls-origination/>Egress TLS Origination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to direct traffic to external services through a dedicated gateway." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-gateway/>Egress Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Egress Gateway to perform TLS origination to external services." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-gateway-tls-origination/>Egress Gateways with TLS Origination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to enable egress traffic for a set of hosts in a common domain, instead of configuring each and every host separately." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/wildcard-egress-hosts/>Egress using Wildcard Hosts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI monitoring and apply policies on TLS egress traffic." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress_sni_monitoring_and_policies/>Monitoring and Policies for TLS Egress with Mixer (Deprecated)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to let applications use an external HTTPS proxy." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/http-proxy/>Using an External HTTPS Proxy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to configure Istio for Kubernetes External Services." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-kubernetes-services/>Kubernetes Services for Egress Traffic</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to secure the mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label=Authentication><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling mutual TLS and end-user authentication for mesh services." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/security/authentication/>Authentication</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use Istio authentication policy to setup mutual TLS and basic end-user authentication." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/security/authentication/authn-policy/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to incrementally migrate your Istio services to mutual TLS." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/security/authentication/mtls-migration/>Mutual TLS Migration</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Authorization><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Shows how to control access to Istio services." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/security/authorization/>Authorization</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up access control for HTTP traffic." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-http/>Authorization for HTTP traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to set up access control for TCP traffic." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-tcp/>Authorization for TCP traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to set up access control with JWT in Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-jwt/>Authorization with JWT</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up access control to deny traffic explicitly." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-deny/>Authorization policies with a deny action</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to set up access control on an ingress gateway." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-ingress/>Authorization on Ingress Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to migrate from one trust domain to another without changing authorization policy." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-td-migration/>Authorization Policy Trust Domain Migration</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how system administrators can configure Istio's CA with an existing root certificate, signing certificate and key." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/security/plugin-ca-cert/>Plugging in existing CA Certificates</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to provision and manage DNS certificates in Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/security/dns-cert/>Istio DNS Certificate Management</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Policies><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates policy enforcement features." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/>Policies</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to enable Istio policy enforcement." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/enabling-policy/>Enabling Policy Enforcement (Deprecated)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to use Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limiting/>Enabling Rate Limits (Deprecated)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to control access to a service using simple denials or white/black listing." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/denial-and-list/>Denials and White/Black Listing (Deprecated)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to modify request headers and routing using policy adapters." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/control-headers/>Control Headers and Routing (Deprecated)</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Observability><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to collect telemetry information from the mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/>Observability</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label=Metrics><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the collection and querying of metrics within Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/>Metrics</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/tcp-metrics/>Collecting Metrics for TCP Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/querying-metrics/>Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/using-istio-dashboard/>Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Logs><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the collection of logs within Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/logs/>Logs</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Envoy proxies to print access logs to their standard output." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/logs/access-log/>Getting Envoy's Access Logs</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Distributed Tracing"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio-enabled applications to collect trace spans." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/>Distributed Tracing</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Overview of distributed tracing in Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/overview/>Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Jaeger." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/jaeger/>Jaeger</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to LightStep." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/lightstep/>LightStep</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to visualize your services within an Istio mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/kiali/>Visualizing Your Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure external access to the set of Istio telemetry addons." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/gateways/>Remotely Accessing Telemetry Addons</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Using Mixer for Telemetry (deprecated)"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to collect telemetry information from the mesh using Mixer." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/>Using Mixer for Telemetry (deprecated)</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label=Metrics><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the configuration, collection, and processing of Istio mesh metrics using Mixer." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/metrics/>Metrics</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio's Mixer to collect and customize metrics." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/metrics/collecting-metrics/>Collecting Metrics With Mixer</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio's Mixer to collect metrics for TCP services." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/metrics/tcp-metrics/>Collecting Metrics for TCP services with Mixer</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Logs><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the configuration, collection, and processing of Istio mesh logs." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/logs/>Logs</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio's Mixer to collect and customize logs." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/logs/collecting-logs/>Collecting Logs with Mixer</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio's Mixer to log to a Fluentd daemon." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/logs/fluentd/>Logging with Mixer and Fluentd</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card92 title="A variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with." aria-controls=card92-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.5/img/icons.svg#examples"/></svg>Examples</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card92 role=region id=card92-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card92><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices used to demonstrate various Istio features." href=/v1.5/docs/examples/bookinfo/>Bookinfo Application</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Virtual Machines"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Examples that add workloads running on virtual machines to an Istio mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/examples/virtual-machines/>Virtual Machines</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to add a service running on a virtual machine to your single network Istio mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/examples/virtual-machines/single-network/>Virtual Machines in Single-Network Meshes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to add a service running on a virtual machine to your multi-network Istio mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/examples/virtual-machines/multi-network/>Virtual Machines in Multi-Network Meshes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Run the Bookinfo application with a MySQL service running on a virtual machine within your mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/examples/virtual-machines/bookinfo/>Bookinfo with a Virtual Machine</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Learn Microservices using Kubernetes and Istio"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="This modular tutorial provides new users with hands-on experience using Istio for common microservices scenarios, one step at a time." href=/v1.5/docs/examples/microservices-istio/>Learn Microservices using Kubernetes and Istio</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/examples/microservices-istio/prereq/>Prerequisites</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/examples/microservices-istio/setup-kubernetes-cluster/>Setup a Kubernetes Cluster</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/examples/microservices-istio/setup-local-computer/>Setup a Local Computer</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/examples/microservices-istio/single/>Run a Microservice Locally</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/examples/microservices-istio/package-service/>Run ratings in Docker</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/examples/microservices-istio/bookinfo-kubernetes/>Run Bookinfo with Kubernetes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/examples/microservices-istio/production-testing/>Test in production</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/examples/microservices-istio/add-new-microservice-version/>Add a new version of reviews</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/examples/microservices-istio/add-istio/>Enable Istio on productpage</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/examples/microservices-istio/enable-istio-all-microservices/>Enable Istio on all the microservices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/examples/microservices-istio/istio-ingress-gateway/>Configure Istio Ingress Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/examples/microservices-istio/logs-istio/>Monitoring with Istio</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card113 title="Concepts, tools, and techniques to deploy and manage an Istio mesh." aria-controls=card113-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.5/img/icons.svg#guide"/></svg>Operations</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card113 role=region id=card113-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card113><li role=treeitem aria-label=Deployment><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Requirements, concepts, and considerations for setting up an Istio deployment." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/deployment/>Deployment</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's high-level architecture and design goals." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/deployment/architecture/>Architecture</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the options and considerations when configuring your Istio deployment." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/deployment/deployment-models/>Deployment Models</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio performance and scalability summary." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/deployment/performance-and-scalability/>Performance and Scalability</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Prepare your Kubernetes pods and services to run in an Istio-enabled cluster." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/deployment/requirements/>Pods and Services</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Configuration><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Advanced concepts and features for configuring a running Istio mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/>Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label="Mesh Configuration"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the global mesh configuration." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/>Mesh Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provides a general overview of Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks and the related issues that can arise." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/webhook/>Dynamic Admission Webhooks Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for automatic sidecar injection." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/injection-concepts/>Automatic Sidecar Injection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how Citadel determines whether to create service account secrets." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/secret-creation/>Service Account Secret Creation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to do health checking for Istio services." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/app-health-check/>Health Checking of Istio Services</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the networking aspects of a running mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to specify protocols." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/protocol-selection/>Protocol Selection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to enable and understand Locality Load Balancing." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/locality-load-balancing/>Locality Load Balancing</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the security aspects of a running mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Use hardened container images to reduce Istio's attack surface." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/security/harden-docker-images/>Harden Docker Container Images</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to extend the lifetime of the Istio self-signed root certificate." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/security/root-transition/>Extending Self-Signed Certificate Lifetime</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Observability><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage telemetry collection and visualization in a running mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/>Observability</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Fine-grained control of Envoy statistics." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/envoy-stats/>Envoy Statistics</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Best Practices"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Best practices for setting up and managing an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/best-practices/>Best Practices</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="General best practices when setting up an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/best-practices/deployment/>Deployment Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration best practices to avoid networking or traffic management issues." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/best-practices/traffic-management/>Traffic Management Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Best practices for securing applications using Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/best-practices/security/>Security Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Best practices for observing applications using Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/best-practices/observability/>Observability Best Practices</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Common Problems"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to identify and resolve common problems in Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/common-problems/>Common Problems</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Techniques to address common Istio traffic management and network problems." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/common-problems/network-issues/>Traffic Management Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Techniques to address common Istio authentication, authorization, and general security-related problems." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/common-problems/security-issues/>Security Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Dealing with telemetry collection issues." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/common-problems/observability-issues/>Observability Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Resolve common problems with Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for automatic sidecar injection." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/common-problems/injection/>Sidecar Injection Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to resolve configuration validation problems." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/common-problems/validation/>Configuration Validation Problems</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Diagnostic Tools"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Tools and techniques to help troubleshoot an Istio mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/>Diagnostic Tools</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio includes a supplemental tool that provides debugging and diagnosis for Istio service mesh deployments." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl/>Using the Istioctl Command-line Tool</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes tools and techniques to diagnose Envoy configuration issues related to traffic management." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/proxy-cmd/>Debugging Envoy and Istiod</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use istioctl describe to verify the configurations of a pod in your mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl-describe/>Understand your Mesh with Istioctl Describe</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use istioctl analyze to identify potential issues with your configuration." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl-analyze/>Diagnose your Configuration with Istioctl Analyze</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to use ControlZ to get insight into individual running components." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/controlz/>Component Introspection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to use component-level logging to get insights into a running component's behavior." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/component-logging/>Component Logging</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card161 title="Detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters." aria-controls=card161-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.5/img/icons.svg#reference"/></svg>Reference</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card161 role=region id=card161-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card161><li role=treeitem aria-label=Configuration><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Detailed information on configuration options." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/>Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the options available when installing Istio using Helm charts." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/installation-options/>Installation Options (Helm)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting the service mesh as a whole." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/istio.mesh.v1alpha1/>Global Mesh Options</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting Istio control plane installation version and shape." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/istio.operator.v1alpha1/>IstioOperator Options</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure HTTP/TCP routing features." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/networking/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting load balancing, outlier detection, etc." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/networking/destination-rule/>Destination Rule</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Customizing Envoy configuration generated by Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/networking/envoy-filter/>Envoy Filter</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting edge load balancer." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/networking/gateway/>Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting label/content routing, sni routing, etc." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/networking/virtual-service/>Virtual Service</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting network reachability of a sidecar." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/networking/sidecar/>Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting service registry." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/networking/service-entry/>Service Entry</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio's security features." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration to validate JWT." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/security/jwt/>JWTRule</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Request authentication configuration for workloads." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/security/request_authentication/>RequestAuthentication</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Peer authentication configuration for workloads." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/security/peer_authentication/>PeerAuthentication</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Authentication policy for Istio services." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/security/istio.authentication.v1alpha1/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for access control on workloads." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/security/authorization-policy/>Authorization Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the supported conditions in authorization policies." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/security/conditions/>Authorization Policy Conditions</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Role Based Access Control." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/security/istio.rbac.v1alpha1/>RBAC (deprecated)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the supported constraints and properties." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/security/constraints-and-properties/>RBAC Constraints and Properties (deprecated)</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Telemetry V2"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio telemetry V2." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/telemetry/>Telemetry V2</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio standard metrics exported by Istio telemetry." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/telemetry/metrics/>Istio Standard Metrics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure v2 metrics (experimental)." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/telemetry/configurable_metrics/>Configurable Metrics (Experimental)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to enable Telemetry V2 with Wasm runtime (experimental)." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/telemetry/telemetry_v2_with_wasm/>Telemetry V2 with Wasm runtime (Experimental)</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Resource annotations used by Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/annotations/>Resource Annotations</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Configuration Analysis Messages"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Documents the individual error and warning messages produced during configurarion analysis." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/>Configuration Analysis Messages</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/message-format/>Analyzer Message Format</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0109/>ConflictingMeshGatewayVirtualServiceHosts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0110/>ConflictingSidecarWorkloadSelectors</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0002/>Deprecated</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0107/>MisplacedAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0104/>GatewayPortNotOnWorkload</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0001/>InternalError</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0105/>IstioProxyImageMismatch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0119/>JwtFailureDueToInvalidServicePortPrefix</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0113/>MTLSPolicyConflict</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0111/>MultipleSidecarsWithoutWorkloadSelectors</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0102/>NamespaceNotInjected</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0112/>VirtualServiceDestinationPortSelectorRequired</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0108/>UnknownAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0106/>SchemaValidationError</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0101/>ReferencedResourceNotFound</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0118/>PortNameIsNotUnderNamingConvention</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0103/>PodMissingProxy</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Mixer Policies and Telemetry (Deprecated)"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Mixer's policy and telemetry features." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/>Mixer Policies and Telemetry (Deprecated)</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration state for the Mixer client library." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.mixer.v1.config.client/>Mixer Client</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the rules used to configure Mixer's policy and telemetry features." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.policy.v1beta1/>Rules</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the configuration model for Istio's policy enforcement and telemetry mechanisms." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/mixer-overview/>Mixer Configuration Model (Deprecated)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the base attribute vocabulary used for policy and control." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/attribute-vocabulary/>Attribute Vocabulary (Deprecated)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Mixer configuration expression language reference." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/expression-language/>Expression Language</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Mixer Adapters (Deprecated)"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Mixer adapters allow Istio to interface to a variety of infrastructure backends for such things as metrics and logs." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/>Mixer Adapters (Deprecated)</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Apache SkyWalking." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/apache-skywalking/>Apache SkyWalking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for Apigee's distributed policy checks and analytics." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/apigee/>Apigee</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to enforce authentication and authorization policies for web apps and APIs." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/app-identity-access-adapter/>App Identity and Access</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for circonus.com's monitoring solution." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/circonus/>Circonus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for cloudmonitor metrics." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudmonitor/>CloudMonitor</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for cloudwatch metrics." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudwatch/>CloudWatch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a dogstatsd agent for delivery to DataDog." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/datadog/>Datadog</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver tracing data to Zipkin." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that always returns a precondition denial." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/denier/>Denier</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An Istio Mixer adapter to send telemetry data to New Relic." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/newrelic/>New Relic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that delivers logs to a Fluentd daemon." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/fluentd/>Fluentd</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that extracts information from a Kubernetes environment." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/kubernetesenv/>Kubernetes Env</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Layer5." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/layer5/>Layer5</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that performs whitelist or blacklist checks." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/list/>List</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for a simple in-memory quota management system." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/memquota/>Memory quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that implements an Open Policy Agent engine." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/opa/>OPA</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Wavefront by VMware." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/wavefront/>Wavefront by VMware</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to locally output logs and metrics." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stdio/>Stdio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a StatsD backend." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/statsd/>StatsD</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver logs, metrics, and traces to Stackdriver." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stackdriver/>Stackdriver</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Papertrail and AppOptics backends." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/solarwinds/>SolarWinds</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for a Redis-based quota management system." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/redisquota/>Redis Quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that exposes Istio metrics for ingestion by a Prometheus harvester." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/prometheus/>Prometheus</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Default Metrics exported from Istio through Mixer." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/metrics/>Default Metrics</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Templates><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Mixer templates are used to send data to individual adapters." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/>Templates</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single API key." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/apikey/>API Key</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template used to represent an access control query." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/authorization/>Authorization</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/checknothing/>Check Nothing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that is used to control the production of Kubernetes-specific attributes." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/kubernetes/>Kubernetes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template designed to let you perform list checking operations." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/listentry/>List Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single runtime log entry." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/logentry/>Log Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single runtime metric." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/metric/>Metric</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Analytics template is used to dispatch runtime telemetry to Apigee." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/analytics/>Analytics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents an individual span within a distributed trace." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/tracespan/>Trace Span</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/reportnothing/>Report Nothing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a quota allocation request." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/quota/>Quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template designed to report observed communication edges between workloads." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/edge/>Edge</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Commands><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes usage and options of the Istio commands and utilities." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/commands/>Commands</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Galley provides configuration management services for Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/commands/galley/>galley</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Certificate Authority (CA)." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/commands/istio_ca/>istio_ca</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio control interface." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/>istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Mixer is Istio's abstraction on top of infrastructure backends." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/commands/mixs/>mixs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Kubernetes webhook for automatic Istio sidecar injection." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/commands/sidecar-injector/>sidecar-injector</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery/>pilot-discovery</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot agent." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/commands/pilot-agent/>pilot-agent</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Istio operator." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/commands/operator/>operator</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio security per-node agent." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/commands/node_agent/>node_agent</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A glossary of common Istio terms." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/glossary/>Glossary</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav></div><div class=article-container><button tabindex=-1 id=sidebar-toggler title="Toggle the navigation bar"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.5/img/icons.svg#pull"/></svg></button><nav aria-label=Breadcrumb><ol><li><a href=/v1.5/ title="Connect, secure, control, and observe services.">Istio</a></li><li><a href=/v1.5/docs/ title="Learn how to deploy, use, and operate Istio.">Docs</a></li><li><a href=/v1.5/docs/setup/ title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes.">Setup</a></li><li><a href=/v1.5/docs/setup/install/ title="Choose the guide that best suits your needs and platform.">Install</a></li><li><a href=/v1.5/docs/setup/install/multicluster/ title="Configure an Istio mesh spanning multiple Kubernetes clusters.">Multicluster Installation</a></li><li>Shared control plane (single and multiple networks)</li></ol></nav><article aria-labelledby=title><div class=title-area><div style=width:100%><h1 id=title>Shared control plane (single and multiple networks)</h1><p class=byline><span title="2173 words"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.5/img/icons.svg#clock"/></svg><span>&nbsp;</span>11 minute read</span></p></div></div><nav class=toc-inlined aria-label="Table of Contents"><div><hr><ol><li role=none aria-label=Prerequisites><a href=#prerequisites>Prerequisites</a><li role=none aria-label=Preparation><a href=#preparation>Preparation</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Certificate Authority"><a href=#certificate-authority>Certificate Authority</a><li role=none aria-label="Cross-cluster control plane access"><a href=#cross-cluster-control-plane-access>Cross-cluster control plane access</a><li role=none aria-label="Cluster and network naming"><a href=#cluster-and-network-naming>Cluster and network naming</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label=Deployment><a href=#deployment>Deployment</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Main cluster"><a href=#main-cluster>Main cluster</a><li role=none aria-label="Remote cluster"><a href=#remote-cluster>Remote cluster</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Cross-cluster load balancing"><a href=#cross-cluster-load-balancing>Cross-cluster load balancing</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Configure ingress gateways"><a href=#configure-ingress-gateways>Configure ingress gateways</a><li role=none aria-label="Configure cross-cluster service registries"><a href=#configure-cross-cluster-service-registries>Configure cross-cluster service registries</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Deploy an example service"><a href=#deploy-an-example-service>Deploy an example service</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Deploy helloworld v2 in the remote cluster"><a href=#deploy-helloworld-v2-in-the-remote-cluster>Deploy helloworld v2 in the remote cluster</a><li role=none aria-label="Deploy helloworld v1 in the main cluster"><a href=#deploy-helloworld-v1-in-the-main-cluster>Deploy helloworld v1 in the main cluster</a><li role=none aria-label="Cross-cluster routing in action"><a href=#cross-cluster-routing-in-action>Cross-cluster routing in action</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Additional considerations"><a href=#additional-considerations>Additional considerations</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Automatic injection"><a href=#automatic-injection>Automatic injection</a><li role=none aria-label="Access services from different clusters"><a href=#access-services-from-different-clusters>Access services from different clusters</a><li role=none aria-label=Security><a href=#security>Security</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Uninstalling the remote cluster"><a href=#uninstalling-the-remote-cluster>Uninstalling the remote cluster</a><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol><hr></div></nav><p>Setup a <a href=/v1.5/docs/ops/deployment/deployment-models/#multiple-clusters>multicluster Istio service mesh</a>
across multiple clusters with a shared control plane. In this configuration, multiple Kubernetes clusters running
a remote configuration connect to a shared Istio <a href=/v1.5/docs/ops/deployment/deployment-models/#control-plane-models>control plane</a>
running in a main cluster. Clusters may be on the same network or different networks than other
clusters in the mesh. Once one or more remote Kubernetes clusters are connected to the Istio control plane,
Envoy can then form a mesh.</p><figure style=width:80%><div class=wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio style=padding-bottom:60.01468418364452%><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.5/docs/setup/install/multicluster/shared/multicluster-with-vpn.svg title="Istio mesh spanning multiple Kubernetes clusters with direct network access to remote pods over VPN"><img class=element-to-stretch src=/v1.5/docs/setup/install/multicluster/shared/multicluster-with-vpn.svg alt="Istio mesh spanning multiple Kubernetes clusters with direct network access to remote pods over VPN"></a></div><figcaption>Istio mesh spanning multiple Kubernetes clusters with direct network access to remote pods over VPN</figcaption></figure><h2 id=prerequisites>Prerequisites</h2><ul><li><p>Two or more clusters running a supported Kubernetes version (1.14, 1.15, 1.16).</p></li><li><p>All Kubernetes control plane API servers must be routable to each other.</p></li><li><p>Clusters on the same network must be an RFC1918 network, VPN, or an alternative more advanced network technique
meeting the following requirements:</p><ul><li>Individual cluster Pod CIDR ranges and service CIDR ranges must be unique across the network and may not overlap.</li><li>All pod CIDRs in the same network must be routable to each other.</li></ul></li><li><p>Clusters on different networks must have <code>istio-ingressgateway</code> services which are accessible from every other
cluster, ideally using L4 network load balancers (NLB). Not all cloud providers support NLBs and some require
special annotations to use them, so please consult your cloud provider’s documentation for enabling NLBs for
service object type load balancers. When deploying on platforms without NLB support, it may be necessary to
modify the health checks for the load balancer to register the ingress gateway.</p></li></ul><h2 id=preparation>Preparation</h2><h3 id=certificate-authority>Certificate Authority</h3><p>Generate intermediate CA certificates for each cluster&rsquo;s CA from your
organization&rsquo;s root CA. The shared root CA enables mutual TLS communication
across different clusters. For illustration purposes, the following instructions
use the certificates from the Istio samples directory for both clusters.</p><p>Run the following commands on each cluster in the mesh to install the certificates.
See <a href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/security/plugin-ca-cert/>Certificate Authority (CA) certificates</a>
for more details on configuring an external CA.</p><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.5/samples/certs/cert-chain.pem>Zip</a><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.5/samples/certs/root-cert.pem>Zip</a><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.5/samples/certs/ca-key.pem>Zip</a><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.5/samples/certs/ca-cert.pem>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl create namespace istio-system
$ kubectl create secret generic cacerts -n istio-system \
--from-file=@samples/certs/ca-cert.pem@ \
--from-file=@samples/certs/ca-key.pem@ \
--from-file=@samples/certs/root-cert.pem@ \
--from-file=@samples/certs/cert-chain.pem@
</code></pre></div><div><aside class="callout warning"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.5/img/icons.svg#callout-warning"/></svg></div><div class=content>The root and intermediate certificate from the samples directory are widely
distributed and known. Do <strong>not</strong> use these certificates in production as
your clusters would then be open to security vulnerabilities and compromise.</div></aside></div><h3 id=cross-cluster-control-plane-access>Cross-cluster control plane access</h3><p>Decide how to expose the main cluster&rsquo;s Istiod discovery service to
the remote clusters. Pick one of the two options:</p><ul><li><p>Option (1) - Use the <code>istio-ingressgateway</code> gateway shared with data traffic.</p></li><li><p>Option (2) - Use a cloud provider’s internal load balancer on the Istiod
service. For additional requirements and restrictions that may apply when using
an internal load balancer between clusters, see
<a href=https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#internal-load-balancer>Kubernetes internal load balancer documentation</a>
and your cloud provider&rsquo;s documentation.</p></li></ul><h3 id=cluster-and-network-naming>Cluster and network naming</h3><p>Determine the name of the clusters and networks in the mesh. These names will be used
in the mesh network configuration and when configuring the mesh&rsquo;s service registries.
Assign a unique name to each cluster. The name must be a
<a href=https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/names/#dns-label-names>DNS label name</a>.
In the example below the main cluster is called <code>main0</code> and the remote cluster is <code>remote0</code>.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ export MAIN_CLUSTER_CTX=&lt;...&gt;
$ export REMOTE_CLUSTER_CTX=&lt;...&gt;
</code></pre><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ export MAIN_CLUSTER_NAME=main0
$ export REMOTE_CLUSTER_NAME=remote0
</code></pre><p>If the clusters are on different networks, assign a unique network name for each network.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ export MAIN_CLUSTER_NETWORK=network1
$ export REMOTE_CLUSTER_NETWORK=network2
</code></pre><p>If clusters are on the same network, the same network name is used for those clusters.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ export MAIN_CLUSTER_NETWORK=network1
$ export REMOTE_CLUSTER_NETWORK=network1
</code></pre><h2 id=deployment>Deployment</h2><h3 id=main-cluster>Main cluster</h3><p>Create the main cluster&rsquo;s configuration. Pick one of the two options for cross-cluster
control plane access.</p><div id=tabset-docs-setup-install-multicluster-shared-1 role=tablist class=tabset><div class=tab-strip data-category-name=platform><button aria-selected=true data-category-value=istio-ingressgateway aria-controls=tabset-docs-setup-install-multicluster-shared-1-0-panel id=tabset-docs-setup-install-multicluster-shared-1-0-tab role=tab><span>istio-ingressgateway</span>
</button><button tabindex=-1 data-category-value=internal-load-balancer aria-controls=tabset-docs-setup-install-multicluster-shared-1-1-panel id=tabset-docs-setup-install-multicluster-shared-1-1-tab role=tab><span>Internal Load Balancer</span></button></div><div class=tab-content><div id=tabset-docs-setup-install-multicluster-shared-1-0-panel role=tabpanel tabindex=0 aria-labelledby=tabset-docs-setup-install-multicluster-shared-1-0-tab><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>cat &lt;&lt;EOF&gt; istio-main-cluster.yaml
apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha1
kind: IstioOperator
spec:
values:
# selfSigned is required if Citadel is enabled, that is when values.global.istiod.enabled is false.
security:
selfSigned: false
global:
multiCluster:
clusterName: ${MAIN_CLUSTER_NAME}
network: ${MAIN_CLUSTER_NETWORK}
# Mesh network configuration. This is optional and may be omitted if
# all clusters are on the same network.
meshNetworks:
${MAIN_CLUSTER_NETWORK}:
endpoints:
# Always use Kubernetes as the registry name for the main cluster in the mesh network configuration
- fromRegistry: Kubernetes
gateways:
- registry_service_name: istio-ingressgateway.istio-system.svc.cluster.local
port: 443
${REMOTE_CLUSTER_NETWORK}:
endpoints:
- fromRegistry: ${REMOTE_CLUSTER_NAME}
gateways:
- registry_service_name: istio-ingressgateway.istio-system.svc.cluster.local
port: 443
# Use the existing istio-ingressgateway.
meshExpansion:
enabled: true
EOF
</code></pre></div><div hidden id=tabset-docs-setup-install-multicluster-shared-1-1-panel role=tabpanel tabindex=0 aria-labelledby=tabset-docs-setup-install-multicluster-shared-1-1-tab><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>cat &lt;&lt;EOF&gt; istio-main-cluster.yaml
apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha1
kind: IstioOperator
spec:
values:
# selfSigned is required if Citadel is enabled (i.e. when values.global.istiod.enabled=false)
security:
selfSigned: false
global:
multiCluster:
clusterName: ${MAIN_CLUSTER_NAME}
network: ${MAIN_CLUSTER_NETWORK}
# Mesh network configuration. This is optional and may be omitted if
# all clusters are on the same network.
meshNetworks:
${MAIN_CLUSTER_NETWORK}:
endpoints:
# Always use Kubernetes as the registry name for the main cluster in the mesh network configuration
- fromRegistry: Kubernetes
gateways:
- registry_service_name: istio-ingressgateway.istio-system.svc.cluster.local
port: 443
${REMOTE_CLUSTER_NETWORK}:
endpoints:
- fromRegistry: ${REMOTE_CLUSTER_NAME}
gateways:
- registry_service_name: istio-ingressgateway.istio-system.svc.cluster.local
port: 443
# Change the Istio service `type=LoadBalancer` and add the cloud provider specific annotations. See
# https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#internal-load-balancer for more
# information. The example below shows the configuration for GCP/GKE.
components:
pilot:
k8s:
service:
type: LoadBalancer
service_annotations:
cloud.google.com/load-balancer-type: Internal
EOF
</code></pre></div></div></div><p>Apply the main cluster&rsquo;s configuration.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl --context=${MAIN_CLUSTER_CTX} manifest apply -f istio-main-cluster.yaml
</code></pre><p>Wait for the control plane to be ready before proceeding.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl --context=${MAIN_CLUSTER_CTX} -n istio-system get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
istio-ingressgateway-7c8dd65766-lv9ck 1/1 Running 0 136m
istiod-f756bbfc4-thkmk 1/1 Running 0 136m
prometheus-b54c6f66b-q8hbt 2/2 Running 0 136m
</code></pre><p>Set the <code>ISTIOD_REMOTE_EP</code> environment variable based on which remote control
plane configuration option was selected earlier.</p><div id=tabset-docs-setup-install-multicluster-shared-2 role=tablist class=tabset><div class=tab-strip data-category-name=platform><button aria-selected=true data-category-value=istio-ingressgateway aria-controls=tabset-docs-setup-install-multicluster-shared-2-0-panel id=tabset-docs-setup-install-multicluster-shared-2-0-tab role=tab><span>istio-ingressgateway</span>
</button><button tabindex=-1 data-category-value=internal-load-balancer aria-controls=tabset-docs-setup-install-multicluster-shared-2-1-panel id=tabset-docs-setup-install-multicluster-shared-2-1-tab role=tab><span>Internal Load Balancer</span></button></div><div class=tab-content><div id=tabset-docs-setup-install-multicluster-shared-2-0-panel role=tabpanel tabindex=0 aria-labelledby=tabset-docs-setup-install-multicluster-shared-2-0-tab><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ export ISTIOD_REMOTE_EP=$(kubectl --context=${MAIN_CLUSTER_CTX} -n istio-system get svc istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath=&#39;{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}&#39;)
$ echo &#34;ISTIOD_REMOTE_EP is ${ISTIOD_REMOTE_EP}&#34;
</code></pre></div><div hidden id=tabset-docs-setup-install-multicluster-shared-2-1-panel role=tabpanel tabindex=0 aria-labelledby=tabset-docs-setup-install-multicluster-shared-2-1-tab><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ export ISTIOD_REMOTE_EP=$(kubectl --context=${MAIN_CLUSTER_CTX} -n istio-system get svc istiod -o jsonpath=&#39;{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}&#39;)
$ echo &#34;ISTIOD_REMOTE_EP is ${ISTIOD_REMOTE_EP}&#34;
</code></pre></div></div></div><h3 id=remote-cluster>Remote cluster</h3><p>Create the remote cluster&rsquo;s configuration.</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>cat &lt;&lt;EOF&gt; istio-remote0-cluster.yaml
apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha1
kind: IstioOperator
spec:
values:
global:
# The remote cluster&#39;s name and network name must match the values specified in the
# mesh network configuration of the main cluster.
multiCluster:
clusterName: ${REMOTE_CLUSTER_NAME}
network: ${REMOTE_CLUSTER_NETWORK}
# Replace ISTIOD_REMOTE_EP with the the value of ISTIOD_REMOTE_EP set earlier.
remotePilotAddress: ${ISTIOD_REMOTE_EP}
## The istio-ingressgateway is not required in the remote cluster if both clusters are on
## the same network. To disable the istio-ingressgateway component, uncomment the lines below.
#
# components:
# ingressGateways:
# - name: istio-ingressgateway
# enabled: false
EOF
</code></pre><p>Apply the remote cluster configuration.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl --context=${REMOTE_CLUSTER_CTX} manifest apply -f istio-remote0-cluster.yaml
</code></pre><p>Wait for the remote cluster to be ready.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl --context=${REMOTE_CLUSTER_CTX} -n istio-system get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
istio-ingressgateway-55f784779d-s5hwl 1/1 Running 0 91m
istiod-7b4bfd7b4f-fwmks 1/1 Running 0 91m
prometheus-c6df65594-pdxc4 2/2 Running 0 91m
</code></pre><div><aside class="callout tip"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.5/img/icons.svg#callout-tip"/></svg></div><div class=content>The istiod deployment running in the remote cluster is providing automatic sidecar injection and CA
services to the remote cluster&rsquo;s pods. These services were previously provided by the sidecar injector
and Citadel deployments, which no longer exist with Istiod. The remote cluster&rsquo;s pods are
getting configuration from the main cluster&rsquo;s Istiod for service discovery.</div></aside></div><h2 id=cross-cluster-load-balancing>Cross-cluster load balancing</h2><h3 id=configure-ingress-gateways>Configure ingress gateways</h3><div><aside class="callout tip"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.5/img/icons.svg#callout-tip"/></svg></div><div class=content>Skip this next step and move onto configuring the service registries if both cluster are on the same network.</div></aside></div><p>Cross-network traffic is securely routed through each destination cluster&rsquo;s ingress gateway. When clusters in a mesh are
on different networks you need to configure port 443 on the ingress gateway to pass incoming traffic through to the
target service specified in a request&rsquo;s SNI header, for SNI values of the <em>local</em>
top-level domain (i.e., the <a href=https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/dns-pod-service/>Kubernetes DNS domain</a>).
Mutual TLS connections will be used all the way from the source to the destination sidecar.</p><p>Apply the following configuration to each cluster.</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>cat &lt;&lt;EOF&gt; cluster-aware-gateway.yaml
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: Gateway
metadata:
name: cluster-aware-gateway
namespace: istio-system
spec:
selector:
istio: ingressgateway
servers:
- port:
number: 443
name: tls
protocol: TLS
tls:
mode: AUTO_PASSTHROUGH
hosts:
- &#34;*.local&#34;
EOF
</code></pre><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl --context=${MAIN_CLUSTER_CTX} apply -f cluster-aware-gateway.yaml
$ kubectl --context=${REMOTE_CLUSTER_CTX} apply -f cluster-aware-gateway.yaml
</code></pre><h3 id=configure-cross-cluster-service-registries>Configure cross-cluster service registries</h3><p>To enable cross-cluster load balancing, the Istio control plane requires
access to all clusters in the mesh to discover services, endpoints, and
pod attributes. To configure access, create a secret for each remote
cluster with credentials to access the remote cluster&rsquo;s <code>kube-apiserver</code> and
install it in the main cluster. This secret uses the credentials of the
<code>istio-reader-service-account</code> in the remote cluster. <code>--name</code> specifies the
remote cluster&rsquo;s name. It must match the cluster name in main cluster&rsquo;s IstioOperator
configuration.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl x create-remote-secret --context=${REMOTE_CLUSTER_CTX} --name ${REMOTE_CLUSTER_NAME} | \
kubectl apply -f - --context=${MAIN_CLUSTER_CTX}
</code></pre><div><aside class="callout warning"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.5/img/icons.svg#callout-warning"/></svg></div><div class=content>Do not create a remote secret for the local cluster running the Istio control plane. Istio is always
aware of the local cluster&rsquo;s Kubernetes credentials.</div></aside></div><h2 id=deploy-an-example-service>Deploy an example service</h2><p>Deploy two instances of the <code>helloworld</code> service, one in each cluster. The difference
between the two instances is the version of their <code>helloworld</code> image.</p><h3 id=deploy-helloworld-v2-in-the-remote-cluster>Deploy helloworld v2 in the remote cluster</h3><ol><li><p>Create a <code>sample</code> namespace with a sidecar auto-injection label:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl create --context=${REMOTE_CLUSTER_CTX} namespace sample
$ kubectl label --context=${REMOTE_CLUSTER_CTX} namespace sample istio-injection=enabled
</code></pre></li><li><p>Deploy <code>helloworld v2</code>:</p><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.5/samples/helloworld/helloworld.yaml>Zip</a><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.5/samples/helloworld/helloworld.yaml>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl create --context=${REMOTE_CLUSTER_CTX} -f @samples/helloworld/helloworld.yaml@ -l app=helloworld -n sample
$ kubectl create --context=${REMOTE_CLUSTER_CTX} -f @samples/helloworld/helloworld.yaml@ -l version=v2 -n sample
</code></pre></div></li><li><p>Confirm <code>helloworld v2</code> is running:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl get pod --context=${REMOTE_CLUSTER_CTX} -n sample
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
helloworld-v2-7dd57c44c4-f56gq 2/2 Running 0 35s
</code></pre></li></ol><h3 id=deploy-helloworld-v1-in-the-main-cluster>Deploy helloworld v1 in the main cluster</h3><ol><li><p>Create a <code>sample</code> namespace with a sidecar auto-injection label:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl create --context=${MAIN_CLUSTER_CTX} namespace sample
$ kubectl label --context=${MAIN_CLUSTER_CTX} namespace sample istio-injection=enabled
</code></pre></li><li><p>Deploy <code>helloworld v1</code>:</p><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.5/samples/helloworld/helloworld.yaml>Zip</a><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.5/samples/helloworld/helloworld.yaml>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl create --context=${MAIN_CLUSTER_CTX} -f @samples/helloworld/helloworld.yaml@ -l app=helloworld -n sample
$ kubectl create --context=${MAIN_CLUSTER_CTX} -f @samples/helloworld/helloworld.yaml@ -l version=v1 -n sample
</code></pre></div></li><li><p>Confirm <code>helloworld v1</code> is running:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl get pod --context=${MAIN_CLUSTER_CTX} -n sample
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
helloworld-v1-d4557d97b-pv2hr 2/2 Running 0 40s
</code></pre></li></ol><h3 id=cross-cluster-routing-in-action>Cross-cluster routing in action</h3><p>To demonstrate how traffic to the <code>helloworld</code> service is distributed across the two clusters,
call the <code>helloworld</code> service from another in-mesh <code>sleep</code> service.</p><ol><li><p>Deploy the <code>sleep</code> service in both clusters:</p><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.5/samples/sleep/sleep.yaml>Zip</a><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.5/samples/sleep/sleep.yaml>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply --context=${MAIN_CLUSTER_CTX} -f @samples/sleep/sleep.yaml@ -n sample
$ kubectl apply --context=${REMOTE_CLUSTER_CTX} -f @samples/sleep/sleep.yaml@ -n sample
</code></pre></div></li><li><p>Wait for the <code>sleep</code> service to start in each cluster:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl get pod --context=${MAIN_CLUSTER_CTX} -n sample -l app=sleep
sleep-754684654f-n6bzf 2/2 Running 0 5s
</code></pre><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl get pod --context=${REMOTE_CLUSTER_CTX} -n sample -l app=sleep
sleep-754684654f-dzl9j 2/2 Running 0 5s
</code></pre></li><li><p>Call the <code>helloworld.sample</code> service several times from the main cluster:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl exec --context=${MAIN_CLUSTER_CTX} -it -n sample -c sleep $(kubectl get pod --context=${MAIN_CLUSTER_CTX} -n sample -l app=sleep -o jsonpath=&#39;{.items[0].metadata.name}&#39;) -- curl helloworld.sample:5000/hello
</code></pre></li><li><p>Call the <code>helloworld.sample</code> service several times from the remote cluster:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl exec --context=${REMOTE_CLUSTER_CTX} -it -n sample -c sleep $(kubectl get pod --context=${REMOTE_CLUSTER_CTX} -n sample -l app=sleep -o jsonpath=&#39;{.items[0].metadata.name}&#39;) -- curl helloworld.sample:5000/hello
</code></pre></li></ol><p>If set up correctly, the traffic to the <code>helloworld.sample</code> service will be distributed between instances
on the main and remote clusters resulting in responses with either <code>v1</code> or <code>v2</code> in the body:</p><pre><code class=language-plain data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>Hello version: v2, instance: helloworld-v2-758dd55874-6x4t8
Hello version: v1, instance: helloworld-v1-86f77cd7bd-cpxhv
</code></pre><p>You can also verify the IP addresses used to access the endpoints with <code>istioctl proxy-config</code>.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl --context=${MAIN_CLUSTER_CTX} -n sample get pod -l app=sleep -o name | cut -f2 -d&#39;/&#39; | \
xargs -I{} istioctl --context=${MAIN_CLUSTER_CTX} -n sample proxy-config endpoints {} --cluster &#34;outbound|5000||helloworld.sample.svc.cluster.local&#34;
ENDPOINT STATUS OUTLIER CHECK CLUSTER
10.10.0.90:5000 HEALTHY OK outbound|5000||helloworld.sample.svc.cluster.local
192.23.120.32:443 HEALTHY OK outbound|5000||helloworld.sample.svc.cluster.local
</code></pre><p>In the main cluster, the endpoints are the gateway IP of the remote cluster (<code>192.23.120.32:443</code>) and
the helloworld pod IP in the main cluster (<code>10.10.0.90:5000</code>).</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl --context=${REMOTE_CLUSTER_CTX} -n sample get pod -l app=sleep -o name | cut -f2 -d&#39;/&#39; | \
xargs -I{} istioctl --context=${REMOTE_CLUSTER_CTX} -n sample proxy-config endpoints {} --cluster &#34;outbound|5000||helloworld.sample.svc.cluster.local&#34;
ENDPOINT STATUS OUTLIER CHECK CLUSTER
10.32.0.9:5000 HEALTHY OK outbound|5000||helloworld.sample.svc.cluster.local
192.168.1.246:443 HEALTHY OK outbound|5000||helloworld.sample.svc.cluster.local
</code></pre><p>In the remote cluster, the endpoints are the gateway IP of the main cluster (<code>192.168.1.246:443</code>) and
the pod IP in the main cluster (<code>10.32.0.9:5000</code>).</p><p><strong>Congratulations!</strong></p><p>You have configured a multi-cluster Istio mesh, installed samples and verified cross cluster traffic routing.</p><h2 id=additional-considerations>Additional considerations</h2><h3 id=automatic-injection>Automatic injection</h3><p>The Istiod service in each cluster provides automatic sidecar injection for proxies in its own cluster.
Namespaces must be labeled in each cluster following the
<a href=/v1.5/docs/setup/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/#automatic-sidecar-injection>automatic sidecar injection</a> guide</p><h3 id=access-services-from-different-clusters>Access services from different clusters</h3><p>Kubernetes resolves DNS on a cluster basis. Because the DNS resolution is tied
to the cluster, you must define the service object in every cluster where a
client runs, regardless of the location of the service&rsquo;s endpoints. To ensure
this is the case, duplicate the service object to every cluster using
<code>kubectl</code>. Duplication ensures Kubernetes can resolve the service name in any
cluster. Since the service objects are defined in a namespace, you must define
the namespace if it doesn&rsquo;t exist, and include it in the service definitions in
all clusters.</p><h3 id=security>Security</h3><p>The Istiod service in each cluster provides CA functionality to proxies in its own
cluster. The CA setup earlier ensures proxies across clusters in the mesh have the
same root of trust.</p><h2 id=uninstalling-the-remote-cluster>Uninstalling the remote cluster</h2><p>To uninstall the remote cluster, run the following command:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl --context=${REMOTE_CLUSTER_CTX} x create-remote-secret --name ${REMOTE_CLUSTER_NAME} | \
kubectl delete -f - --context=${MAIN_CLUSTER_CTX}
$ istioctl --context=${REMOTE_CLUSTER_CTX} manifest generate -f istio-remote0-cluster.yaml | \
kubectl delete -f - --context=${REMOTE_CLUSTER_CTX}
$ kubectl --context=${REMOTE_CLUSTER_CTX} delete namespace sample
$ unset REMOTE_CLUSTER_CTX REMOTE_CLUSTER_NAME REMOTE_CLUSTER_NETWORK
$ rm istio-remote0-cluster.yaml
</code></pre><p>To uninstall the main cluster, run the following command:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl --context=${MAIN_CLUSTER_CTX} manifest generate -f istio-main-cluster.yaml | \
kubectl delete -f - --context=${MAIN_CLUSTER_CTX}
$ kubectl --context=${MAIN_CLUSTER_CTX} delete namespace sample
$ unset MAIN_CLUSTER_CTX MAIN_CLUSTER_NAME MAIN_CLUSTER_NETWORK ISTIOD_REMOTE_EP
$ rm istio-main-cluster.yaml cluster-aware-gateway.yaml
</code></pre><nav id=see-also><h2>See also</h2><div class=see-also><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.5/docs/setup/install/multicluster/gateways/>Replicated control planes</a></p><p class=desc>Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters with replicated control plane instances.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.5/blog/2020/multi-cluster-mesh-automation/>Multicluster Istio configuration and service discovery using Admiral</a></p><p class=desc>Automating Istio configuration for Istio deployments (clusters) that work as a single mesh.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.5/blog/2019/isolated-clusters/>Multi-Mesh Deployments for Isolation and Boundary Protection</a></p><p class=desc>Deploy environments that require isolation into separate meshes and enable inter-mesh communication by mesh federation.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.5/blog/2019/dns-cert/>DNS Certificate Management</a></p><p class=desc>Provision and manage DNS certificates in Istio.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.5/blog/2019/webhook/>Secure Webhook Management</a></p><p class=desc>A more secure way to manage Istio webhooks.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.5/blog/2019/egress-traffic-control-in-istio-part-3/>Secure Control of Egress Traffic in Istio, part 3</a></p><p class=desc>Comparison of alternative solutions to control egress traffic including performance considerations.</p></div></div></nav></article><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters with replicated control plane instances." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/install/multicluster/gateways/><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.5/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>Replicated control planes</a></div><div class=right></div></nav><div id=feedback><div id=feedback-initial>Was this information useful?<br><button class="btn feedback" onclick="sendFeedback('en',1)">Yes</button>
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