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Istio Metrics using Prometheus."}); docs.push({path: [ "telemetry", "servicegraph.md", ], url: "/docs/tasks/telemetry/servicegraph.html", title: "Generating a Service Graph", order: 50, overview: "This task shows you how to generate a graph of services within an Istio mesh."}); docs.push({path: [ "telemetry", "tcp-metrics.md", ], url: "/docs/tasks/telemetry/tcp-metrics.html", title: "Collecting Metrics for TCP services", order: 25, overview: "This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services."}); docs.push({path: [ "telemetry", "using-istio-dashboard.md", ], url: "/docs/tasks/telemetry/using-istio-dashboard.html", title: "Visualizing Metrics with Grafana", order: 40, overview: "This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic."}); docs.push({path: [ "traffic-management", "egress.md", ], url: "/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress.html", title: "Control Egress Traffic", order: 40, overview: "Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services."}); docs.push({path: [ "traffic-management", "fault-injection.md", ], url: "/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection.html", title: "Fault Injection", order: 20, overview: "This task shows how to inject delays and test the resiliency of your application."}); docs.push({path: [ "traffic-management", "index.md", ], url: "/docs/tasks/traffic-management/", title: "Traffic Management", order: 10, overview: "Describes tasks that demonstrate traffic routing features of Istio service mesh."}); docs.push({path: [ "traffic-management", "ingress.md", ], url: "/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress.html", title: "Istio Ingress Controller", order: 30, overview: "Describes how to configure the Istio ingress controller on Kubernetes."}); docs.push({path: [ "traffic-management", "request-routing.md", ], url: "/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing.html", title: "Configuring Request Routing", order: 10, overview: "This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing based on weights and HTTP headers."}); docs.push({path: [ "traffic-management", "request-timeouts.md", ], url: "/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts.html", title: "Setting Request Timeouts", order: 28, overview: "This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio."}); docs.push({path: [ "traffic-management", "traffic-shifting.md", ], url: "/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting.html", title: "Traffic Shifting", order: 25, overview: "This task shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service."}); genSideBarTree(docs) </script></ul></div><div id="tab-container" class="col-xs-1 tab-neg-margin pull-left"> <a id="sidebar-tab" class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" href="javascript:void 0;"> </a></div><div id="content-container" class="thin-left-border col-sm-9 markdown"><div id="toc" class="toc"></div><div id="doc-content"><h1>Control Egress Traffic</h1><p>By default, Istio-enabled services are unable to access URLs outside of the cluster because iptables is used in the pod to transparently redirect all outbound traffic to the sidecar proxy, which only handles intra-cluster destinations.</p><p>This task describes how to configure Istio to expose external services to Istio-enabled clients. You’ll learn how to enable access to external services using egress rules, or alternatively, to simply bypass the Istio proxy for a specific range of IPs.</p><h2 id="before-you-begin">Before you begin</h2><ul><li><p>Setup Istio by following the instructions in the <a href="/v0.4/docs/setup/">Installation guide</a>.</p></li><li><p>Start the <a href="https://github.com/istio/istio/tree/master/samples/sleep">sleep</a> sample which will be used as a test source for external calls.</p><pre><code class="language-bash">kubectl apply -f <(istioctl kube-inject -f samples/sleep/sleep.yaml)
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</code></pre><p>Note that any pod that you can <code>exec</code> and <code>curl</code> from would do.</p></li></ul><h2 id="using-istio-egress-rules">Using Istio egress rules</h2><p>Using Istio egress rules, you can access any publicly accessible service from within your Istio cluster. In this task we will use <a href="http://httpbin.org">httpbin.org</a> and <a href="http://www.google.com">www.google.com</a> as examples.</p><h3 id="configuring-the-external-services">Configuring the external services</h3><ol><li><p>Create an egress rule to allow access to an external HTTP service:</p><pre><code class="language-bash">cat <<EOF | istioctl create -f -
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apiVersion: config.istio.io/v1alpha2
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kind: EgressRule
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metadata:
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name: httpbin-egress-rule
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spec:
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destination:
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service: httpbin.org
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ports:
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- port: 80
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protocol: http
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EOF
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Create an egress rule to allow access to an external HTTPS service:</p><pre><code class="language-bash">cat <<EOF | istioctl create -f -
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apiVersion: config.istio.io/v1alpha2
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kind: EgressRule
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metadata:
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name: google-egress-rule
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spec:
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destination:
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service: www.google.com
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ports:
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- port: 443
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protocol: https
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EOF
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</code></pre></li></ol><h3 id="make-requests-to-the-external-services">Make requests to the external services</h3><ol><li><p>Exec into the pod being used as the test source. For example, if you are using the sleep service, run the following commands:</p><pre><code class="language-bash">export SOURCE_POD=$(kubectl get pod -l app=sleep -o jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})
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kubectl exec -it $SOURCE_POD -c sleep bash
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Make a request to the external HTTP service:</p><pre><code class="language-bash">curl http://httpbin.org/headers
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Make a request to the external HTTPS service. External services of type HTTPS must be accessed over HTTP with the port specified in the request:</p><pre><code class="language-bash">curl http://www.google.com:443
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</code></pre></li></ol><h3 id="setting-route-rules-on-an-external-service">Setting route rules on an external service</h3><p>Similar to inter-cluster requests, Istio <a href="/v0.4/docs/concepts/traffic-management/rules-configuration.html">routing rules</a> can also be set for external services that are accessed using egress rules. To illustrate we will use <a href="/v0.4/docs/reference/commands/istioctl.html">istioctl</a> to set a timeout rule on calls to the httpbin.org service.</p><ol><li><p>From inside the pod being used as the test source, invoke the <code>/delay</code> endpoint of the httpbin.org external service:</p><pre><code class="language-bash">kubectl exec -it $SOURCE_POD -c sleep bash
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time curl -o /dev/null -s -w "%{http_code}\n" http://httpbin.org/delay/5
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</code></pre><pre><code class="language-bash">200
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real 0m5.024s
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user 0m0.003s
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sys 0m0.003s
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</code></pre><p>The request should return 200 (OK) in approximately 5 seconds.</p></li><li><p>Exit the source pod and use <code>istioctl</code> to set a 3s timeout on calls to the httpbin.org external service:</p><pre><code class="language-bash">cat <<EOF | istioctl create -f -
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apiVersion: config.istio.io/v1alpha2
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kind: RouteRule
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metadata:
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name: httpbin-timeout-rule
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spec:
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destination:
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service: httpbin.org
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http_req_timeout:
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simple_timeout:
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timeout: 3s
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EOF
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Wait a few seconds, then issue the <em>curl</em> request again:</p><pre><code class="language-bash">kubectl exec -it $SOURCE_POD -c sleep bash
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time curl -o /dev/null -s -w "%{http_code}\n" http://httpbin.org/delay/5
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</code></pre><pre><code class="language-bash">504
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real 0m3.149s
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user 0m0.004s
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sys 0m0.004s
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</code></pre><p>This time a 504 (Gateway Timeout) appears after 3 seconds. Although httpbin.org was waiting 5 seconds, Istio cut off the request at 3 seconds.</p></li></ol><h2 id="calling-external-services-directly">Calling external services directly</h2><p>The Istio egress rules currently only supports HTTP/HTTPS requests. If you want to access services with other protocols (e.g., mongodb://host/database), or if you want to completely bypass Istio for a specific IP range, you will need to configure the source service’s Envoy sidecar to prevent it from <a href="/v0.4/docs/concepts/traffic-management/request-routing.html#communication-between-services">intercepting</a> the external requests. This can be done using the <code>--includeIPRanges</code> option of <a href="/v0.4/docs/reference/commands/istioctl.html#istioctl-kube-inject">istioctl kube-inject</a> when starting the service.</p><p>The simplest way to use the <code>--includeIPRanges</code> option is to pass it the IP range(s) used for internal cluster services, thereby excluding external IPs from being redirected to the sidecar proxy. The values used for internal IP range(s), however, depends on where your cluster is running. For example, with Minikube the range is 10.0.0.1/24, so you would start the sleep service like this:</p><pre><code class="language-bash">kubectl apply -f <(istioctl kube-inject -f samples/sleep/sleep.yaml --includeIPRanges=10.0.0.1/24)
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</code></pre><p>On IBM Cloud Private, use:</p><ol><li><p>Get your <code>service_cluster_ip_range</code> from IBM Cloud Private configuration file under <code>cluster/config.yaml</code>.</p><pre><code class="language-bash">cat cluster/config.yaml | grep service_cluster_ip_range
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</code></pre><p>A sample output is as following:</p><pre><code>service_cluster_ip_range: 10.0.0.1/24
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Inject the <code>service_cluster_ip_range</code> to your application profile via <code>--includeIPRanges</code> to limit Istio’s traffic interception to the service cluster IP range.</p><pre><code class="language-bash">kubectl apply -f <(istioctl kube-inject -f samples/sleep/sleep.yaml --includeIPRanges=10.0.0.1/24)
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</code></pre></li></ol><p>On IBM Cloud Container Service, use:</p><pre><code class="language-bash">kubectl apply -f <(istioctl kube-inject -f samples/sleep/sleep.yaml --includeIPRanges=172.30.0.0/16,172.20.0.0/16,10.10.10.0/24)
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</code></pre><p>On Google Container Engine (GKE) the ranges are not fixed, so you will need to run the <code>gcloud container clusters describe</code> command to determine the ranges to use. For example:</p><pre><code class="language-bash">gcloud container clusters describe XXXXXXX --zone=XXXXXX | grep -e clusterIpv4Cidr -e servicesIpv4Cidr
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</code></pre><pre><code>clusterIpv4Cidr: 10.4.0.0/14
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servicesIpv4Cidr: 10.7.240.0/20
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</code></pre><pre><code class="language-bash">kubectl apply -f <(istioctl kube-inject -f samples/sleep/sleep.yaml --includeIPRanges=10.4.0.0/14,10.7.240.0/20)
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</code></pre><p>On Azure Container Service(ACS), use:</p><pre><code class="language-bash">kubectl apply -f <(istioctl kube-inject -f samples/sleep/sleep.yaml --includeIPRanges=10.244.0.0/16,10.240.0.0/16)
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</code></pre><p>After starting your service this way, the Istio sidecar will only intercept and manage internal requests within the cluster. Any external request will simply bypass the sidecar and go straight to its intended destination.</p><pre><code class="language-bash">export SOURCE_POD=$(kubectl get pod -l app=sleep -o jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})
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kubectl exec -it $SOURCE_POD -c sleep curl http://httpbin.org/headers
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</code></pre><h2 id="understanding-what-happened">Understanding what happened</h2><p>In this task we looked at two ways to call external services from within an Istio cluster:</p><ol><li><p>Using an egress rule (recommended)</p></li><li><p>Configuring the Istio sidecar to exclude external IPs from its remapped IP table</p></li></ol><p>The first approach (egress rule) currently only supports HTTP(S) requests, but allows you to use all of the same Istio service mesh features for calls to services within or outside of the cluster. We demonstrated this by setting a timeout rule for calls to an external service.</p><p>The second approach bypasses the Istio sidecar proxy, giving your services direct access to any external URL. However, configuring the proxy this way does require cloud provider specific knowledge and configuration.</p><h2 id="cleanup">Cleanup</h2><ol><li><p>Remove the rules.</p><pre><code class="language-bash">istioctl delete egressrule httpbin-egress-rule google-egress-rule
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istioctl delete routerule httpbin-timeout-rule
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Shutdown the <a href="https://github.com/istio/istio/tree/master/samples/sleep">sleep</a> service.</p><pre><code class="language-bash">kubectl delete -f samples/sleep/sleep.yaml
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</code></pre></li></ol><h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2><ul><li><p>Read more about <a href="/v0.4/docs/concepts/traffic-management/rules-configuration.html#egress-rules">egress rules</a>.</p></li><li><p>Learn how to setup <a href="/v0.4/docs/reference/config/traffic-rules/routing-rules.html#httptimeout">timeouts</a>, <a href="/v0.4/docs/reference/config/traffic-rules/routing-rules.html#httpretry">retries</a>, and <a href="/v0.4/docs/reference/config/traffic-rules/destination-policies.html#circuitbreaker">circuit breakers</a> for egress traffic.</p></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><script src="/v0.4/js/sidebar.min.js"></script><footer><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-2 col-md-2 col-sm-2"></div><div class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-xs-12 center-block"><ul><li><a class="header" href="/v0.4/docs/welcome">Docs</a></li><li><a href="/v0.4/docs/concepts">Concepts</a></li><li><a href="/v0.4/docs/setup">Setup</a></li><li><a href="/v0.4/docs/tasks">Tasks</a></li><li><a href="/v0.4/docs/guides">Guides</a></li><li><a href="/v0.4/docs/reference">Reference</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-xs-12 center-block"><ul><li><a class="header" href="/v0.4/help">Help</a></li><li><a href="/v0.4/faq">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="/v0.4/glossary">Glossary</a></li><li><a href="/v0.4/troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></li><li><a href="/v0.4/bugs">Report Bugs</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/istio.github.io/issues/new?title=Issue with _docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress.md">Doc Bugs & Gaps</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/istio.github.io/edit/master/_docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress.md">Edit This Page</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-xs-12 center-block"><ul><li> <a class="header" href="/v0.4/community">Community</a></li><li> <a href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/istio-users" target="_blank" rel="noopener">User</a> | <a href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/istio-dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dev Mailing Lists</a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/IstioMesh" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Twitter</a></li><li><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/istio" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Stack Overflow</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/community" target="_blank" rel="noopener">GitHub</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/istio/community/blob/master/WORKING-GROUPS.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Working Groups</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-lg-1 col-md-1 col-sm-1"></div></div><div class="row"><p class="description small text-center"> Istio 0.4, Copyright © 2017 Istio Authors<br> Archived on 20-Dec-2017</p></div></div></footer><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery-validate/1.15.0/jquery.validate.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery.form/4.2.1/jquery.form.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery-visible/1.2.0/jquery.visible.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/slick-carousel/1.6.0/slick.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/clipboard.js/1.7.1/clipboard.min.js"></script> <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script src="/v0.4/js/common.min.js"></script> <script src="/v0.4/js/search.js"></script> <script src="/v0.4/js/prism.min.js"></script></body></html>
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