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<input type=hidden id=search-page-url value=/search>
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<input id=search-textbox class="search-textbox form-control" name=q type=search aria-label="Search this site" placeholder=Search>
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<button id=search-close title="Cancel search" type=reset aria-label="Cancel search"><svg class="icon menu-close"><use xlink:href="/v1.12/img/icons.svg#menu-close"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><div class=banner-container><a href=/v1.12/news/releases/1.12.x/announcing-1.12.3/ class=banner data-title="Latest Release-2022-02-11 00:00:00 +0000 UTC" data-period-start=1644537600000 data-period-end=1645142400000 data-max-impressions=3 data-timeout><div class=content><p>Istio 1.12.3 is now available! Click here to learn more</p></div><div class=frame></div></a></div><article class=post itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/BlogPosting><div class=header-content><h1>Istio as a Proxy for External Services</h1><p>Configure Istio ingress gateway to act as a proxy for external services.</p></div><p class=post-author>Oct 15, 2019 <span>|</span> By Vadim Eisenberg - IBM</p><div><p>The <a href=/v1.12/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-control/>Control Ingress Traffic</a> and the
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<a href=/v1.12/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-sni-passthrough/>Ingress Gateway without TLS Termination</a> tasks describe
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how to configure an ingress gateway to expose services inside the mesh to external traffic. The services can be HTTP or
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HTTPS. In the case of HTTPS, the gateway passes the traffic through, without terminating TLS.</p><p>This blog post describes how to use the same ingress gateway mechanism of Istio to enable access to external services and
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not to applications inside the mesh. This way Istio as a whole can serve just as a proxy server, with the added value of
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observability, traffic management and policy enforcement.</p><p>The blog post shows configuring access to an HTTP and an HTTPS external service, namely <code>httpbin.org</code> and
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<code>edition.cnn.com</code>.</p><h2 id=configure-an-ingress-gateway>Configure an ingress gateway</h2><ol><li><p>Define an ingress gateway with a <code>servers:</code> section configuring the <code>80</code> and <code>443</code> ports.
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Ensure <code>mode:</code> is set to <code>PASSTHROUGH</code> for <code>tls:</code> in the port <code>443</code>, which instructs the gateway to pass the
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ingress traffic AS IS, without terminating TLS.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
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apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
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kind: Gateway
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metadata:
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name: proxy
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spec:
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selector:
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istio: ingressgateway # use istio default ingress gateway
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servers:
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- port:
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number: 80
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name: http
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protocol: HTTP
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hosts:
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- httpbin.org
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- port:
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number: 443
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name: tls
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protocol: TLS
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tls:
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mode: PASSTHROUGH
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hosts:
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- edition.cnn.com
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EOF
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Create service entries for the <code>httpbin.org</code> and <code>edition.cnn.com</code> services to make them accessible from the ingress
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gateway:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
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apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
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kind: ServiceEntry
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metadata:
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name: httpbin-ext
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spec:
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hosts:
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- httpbin.org
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ports:
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- number: 80
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name: http
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protocol: HTTP
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resolution: DNS
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location: MESH_EXTERNAL
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---
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apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
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kind: ServiceEntry
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metadata:
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name: cnn
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spec:
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hosts:
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- edition.cnn.com
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ports:
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- number: 443
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name: tls
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protocol: TLS
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resolution: DNS
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location: MESH_EXTERNAL
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EOF
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Create a service entry and configure a destination rule for the <code>localhost</code> service.
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You need this service entry in the next step as a destination for traffic to the external services from
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applications inside the mesh to block traffic from inside the mesh. In this example you use Istio as a proxy between
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external applications and external services.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
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apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
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kind: ServiceEntry
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metadata:
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name: localhost
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spec:
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hosts:
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- localhost.local
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location: MESH_EXTERNAL
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ports:
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- number: 80
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name: http
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protocol: HTTP
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- number: 443
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name: tls
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protocol: TLS
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resolution: STATIC
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endpoints:
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- address: 127.0.0.1
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---
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apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
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kind: DestinationRule
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metadata:
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name: localhost
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spec:
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host: localhost.local
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trafficPolicy:
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tls:
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mode: DISABLE
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sni: localhost.local
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EOF
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Create a virtual service for each external service to configure routing to it. Both virtual services include the
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<code>proxy</code> gateway in the <code>gateways:</code> section and in the <code>match:</code> section for HTTP and HTTPS traffic accordingly.</p><p>Notice the <code>route:</code> section for the <code>mesh</code> gateway, the gateway that represents the applications inside
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the mesh. The <code>route:</code> for the <code>mesh</code> gateway shows how the traffic is directed to the <code>localhost.local</code> service,
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effectively blocking the traffic.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
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apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
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kind: VirtualService
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metadata:
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name: httpbin
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spec:
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hosts:
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- httpbin.org
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gateways:
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- proxy
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- mesh
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http:
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- match:
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- gateways:
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- proxy
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port: 80
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uri:
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prefix: /status
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route:
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- destination:
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host: httpbin.org
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port:
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number: 80
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- match:
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- gateways:
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- mesh
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port: 80
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route:
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- destination:
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host: localhost.local
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port:
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number: 80
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---
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apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
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kind: VirtualService
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metadata:
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name: cnn
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spec:
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hosts:
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- edition.cnn.com
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gateways:
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- proxy
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- mesh
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tls:
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- match:
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- gateways:
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- proxy
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port: 443
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sni_hosts:
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- edition.cnn.com
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route:
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- destination:
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host: edition.cnn.com
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port:
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number: 443
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- match:
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- gateways:
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- mesh
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port: 443
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sni_hosts:
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- edition.cnn.com
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route:
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- destination:
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host: localhost.local
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port:
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number: 443
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EOF
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</code></pre></li><li><p><a href=/v1.12/docs/tasks/observability/logs/access-log/#enable-envoy-s-access-logging>Enable Envoy’s access logging</a>.</p></li><li><p>Follow the instructions in
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<a href=/v1.12/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-control/#determining-the-ingress-ip-and-ports>Determining the ingress IP and ports</a>
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to define the <code>SECURE_INGRESS_PORT</code> and <code>INGRESS_HOST</code> environment variables.</p></li><li><p>Access the <code>httbin.org</code> service through your ingress IP and port which you stored in the
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<code>$INGRESS_HOST</code> and <code>$INGRESS_PORT</code> environment variables, respectively, during the previous step.
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Access the <code>/status/418</code> path of the <code>httpbin.org</code> service that returns the HTTP status
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<a href=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status/418>418 I’m a teapot</a>.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ curl $INGRESS_HOST:$INGRESS_PORT/status/418 -Hhost:httpbin.org
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-=[ teapot ]=-
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_...._
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.' _ _ `.
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| ."` ^ `". _,
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\_;`"---"`|//
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| ;/
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\_ _/
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`"""`
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</code></pre></li><li><p>If the Istio ingress gateway is deployed in the <code>istio-system</code> namespace, print the gateway’s log with the following command:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl logs -l istio=ingressgateway -c istio-proxy -n istio-system | grep 'httpbin.org'
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Search the log for an entry similar to:</p><pre><code class=language-plain data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>[2019-01-31T14:40:18.645Z] "GET /status/418 HTTP/1.1" 418 - 0 135 187 186 "10.127.220.75" "curl/7.54.0" "28255618-6ca5-9d91-9634-c562694a3625" "httpbin.org" "34.232.181.106:80" outbound|80||httpbin.org - 172.30.230.33:80 10.127.220.75:52077 -
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Access the <code>edition.cnn.com</code> service through your ingress gateway:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ curl -s --resolve edition.cnn.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT:$INGRESS_HOST https://edition.cnn.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT | grep -o "<title>.*</title>"
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<title>CNN International - Breaking News, US News, World News and Video</title>
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</code></pre></li><li><p>If the Istio ingress gateway is deployed in the <code>istio-system</code> namespace, print the gateway’s log with the following command:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl logs -l istio=ingressgateway -c istio-proxy -n istio-system | grep 'edition.cnn.com'
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Search the log for an entry similar to:</p><pre><code class=language-plain data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>[2019-01-31T13:40:11.076Z] "- - -" 0 - 589 17798 1644 - "-" "-" "-" "-" "172.217.31.132:443" outbound|443||edition.cnn.com 172.30.230.33:54508 172.30.230.33:443 10.127.220.75:49467 edition.cnn.com
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</code></pre></li></ol><h2 id=cleanup>Cleanup</h2><p>Remove the gateway, the virtual services and the service entries:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl delete gateway proxy
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$ kubectl delete virtualservice cnn httpbin
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$ kubectl delete serviceentry cnn httpbin-ext localhost
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$ kubectl delete destinationrule localhost
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</code></pre></div><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="A more secure way to manage Istio webhooks." href=/v1.12/blog/2019/webhook/ class=next-link><svg class="icon left-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.12/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>Secure Webhook Management</a></div><div class=right><a title="Deploy environments that require isolation into separate meshes and enable inter-mesh communication by mesh federation." href=/v1.12/blog/2019/isolated-clusters/ class=next-link>Multi-Mesh Deployments for Isolation and Boundary Protection<svg class="icon right-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.12/img/icons.svg#right-arrow"/></svg></a></div></nav></article><footer class=footer><div class="footer-wrapper container-l"><div class="user-links footer-links"><a class=channel title="GitHub is where development takes place on Istio code" href=https://github.com/istio/community aria-label=GitHub><svg class="icon github"><use xlink:href="/v1.12/img/icons.svg#github"/></svg></a><a class=channel 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