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<button id=menu-close class=main-navigation-toggle aria-label="Close navigation"><svg class="icon menu-close"><use xlink:href="/v1.14/img/icons.svg#menu-close"/></svg></button></div><div id=header-links class=main-navigation-links-wrapper><ul class=main-navigation-links><li class=main-navigation-links-item><a class="main-navigation-links-link has-dropdown"><span>About</span><svg class="icon dropdown-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.14/img/icons.svg#dropdown-arrow"/></svg></a><ul class=main-navigation-links-dropdown><li class=main-navigation-links-dropdown-item><a href=/v1.14/about/service-mesh class=main-navigation-links-link>Service mesh</a></li><li class=main-navigation-links-dropdown-item><a href=/v1.14/about/solutions class=main-navigation-links-link>Solutions</a></li><li class=main-navigation-links-dropdown-item><a href=/v1.14/about/case-studies class=main-navigation-links-link>Case studies</a></li><li class=main-navigation-links-dropdown-item><a href=/v1.14/about/ecosystem class=main-navigation-links-link>Ecosystem</a></li><li class=main-navigation-links-dropdown-item><a href=/v1.14/about/deployment class=main-navigation-links-link>Deployment</a></li><li class=main-navigation-links-dropdown-item><a href=/v1.14/about/faq class=main-navigation-links-link>FAQ</a></li></ul></li><li class=main-navigation-links-item><a href=/v1.14/blog/ class=main-navigation-links-link><span>Blog</span></a></li><li class=main-navigation-links-item><a href=/v1.14/news/ class=main-navigation-links-link><span>News</span></a></li><li class=main-navigation-links-item><a href=/v1.14/get-involved/ class=main-navigation-links-link><span>Get involved</span></a></li><li class=main-navigation-links-item><a href=/v1.14/docs/ class=main-navigation-links-link><span>Documentation</span></a></li></ul><div class=main-navigation-footer><button id=search-show class=search-show title="Search this site" aria-label=Search><svg class="icon magnifier"><use xlink:href="/v1.14/img/icons.svg#magnifier"/></svg></button>
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<a href=/v1.14/docs/setup/getting-started class="btn btn--primary" id=try-istio>Try Istio</a></div></div><form id=search-form class=search name=cse role=search><input type=hidden name=cx value=002184991200833970123:iwwf17ikgf4>
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<button id=search-close title="Cancel search" type=reset aria-label="Cancel search"><svg class="icon menu-close"><use xlink:href="/v1.14/img/icons.svg#menu-close"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><div class=banner-container></div><article class=post itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/BlogPosting><div class=header-content><h1>Zero Configuration Istio</h1><p>Understanding the benefits Istio brings, even when no configuration is used.</p></div><p class=post-author>Feb 25, 2021 <span>|</span> By John Howard - Google</p><div><p>When a new user encounters Istio for the first time, they are sometimes overwhelmed by the vast feature
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set it exposes. Unfortunately, this can give the impression that Istio is needlessly complex
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and not fit for small teams or clusters.</p><p>One great part about Istio, however, is that it aims to bring as much value to users out of the box without any configuration at all.
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This enables users to get most of the benefits of Istio with minimal efforts. For some users with simple requirements, custom configurations
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may never be required at all. Others will be able to incrementally add Istio configurations once they are more comfortable and as they need them, such as to add
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ingress routing, fine-tune networking settings, or lock down security policies.</p><h2 id=getting-started>Getting started</h2><p>To get started, check out our <a href=/v1.14/docs/setup/getting-started/>getting started</a> documentation, where you will learn how to install Istio.
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If you are already familiar, you can simply run <code>istioctl install</code>.</p><p>Next, we will explore all the benefits Istio provides us, without any configuration or changes to application code.</p><h2 id=security>Security</h2><p>Istio automatically enables <a href=/v1.14/docs/concepts/security/#mutual-tls-authentication>mutual TLS</a> for traffic between pods in the mesh.
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This enables applications to forgo complex TLS configuration and certificate management, and offload all transport layer security to the sidecar.</p><p>Once comfortable with automatic TLS, you may choose to <a href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/security/authentication/mtls-migration/>allow only mTLS traffic</a>, or configure custom <a href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/security/authorization/>authorization policies</a> for your needs.</p><h2 id=observability>Observability</h2><p>Istio automatically generates detailed telemetry for all service communications within a mesh.
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This telemetry provides observability of service behavior, empowering operators to troubleshoot, maintain, and optimize their applications – without imposing any additional burdens on service developers.
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Through Istio, operators gain a thorough understanding of how monitored services are interacting, both with other services and with the Istio components themselves.</p><p>All of this functionality is added by Istio without any configuration. <a href=/v1.14/docs/ops/integrations/>Integrations</a> with tools such as Prometheus, Grafana, Jaeger, Zipkin, and Kiali are also available.</p><p>For more information about the observability Istio provides, check out the <a href=/v1.14/docs/concepts/observability/>observability overview</a>.</p><h2 id=traffic-management>Traffic Management</h2><p>While Kubernetes provides a lot of networking functionality, such as service discovery and DNS, this is done at Layer 4, which can have unintended inefficiencies.
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For example, in a simple HTTP application sending traffic to a service with 3 replicas, we can see unbalanced load:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ curl http://echo/{0..5} -s | grep Hostname
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Hostname=echo-cb96f8d94-2ssll
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Hostname=echo-cb96f8d94-2ssll
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Hostname=echo-cb96f8d94-2ssll
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Hostname=echo-cb96f8d94-2ssll
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Hostname=echo-cb96f8d94-2ssll
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Hostname=echo-cb96f8d94-2ssll
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$ curl http://echo/{0..5} -s | grep Hostname
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Hostname=echo-cb96f8d94-879sn
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Hostname=echo-cb96f8d94-879sn
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Hostname=echo-cb96f8d94-879sn
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Hostname=echo-cb96f8d94-879sn
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Hostname=echo-cb96f8d94-879sn
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Hostname=echo-cb96f8d94-879sn
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</code></pre><p>The problem here is Kubernetes will determine the backend to send to when the connection is established, and all future requests on the same connection will be sent to the same backend.
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In our example here, our first 5 requests are all sent to <code>echo-cb96f8d94-2ssll</code>, while our next set (using a new connection) are all sent to <code>echo-cb96f8d94-879sn</code>.
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Our third instance never receives any requests.</p><p>With Istio, HTTP traffic (including HTTP/2 and gRPC) is automatically detected, and our services will automatically be load balanced per <em>request</em>, rather than per <em>connection</em>:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ curl http://echo/{0..5} -s | grep Hostname
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Hostname=echo-cb96f8d94-wf4xk
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Hostname=echo-cb96f8d94-rpfqz
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Hostname=echo-cb96f8d94-cgmxr
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Hostname=echo-cb96f8d94-wf4xk
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Hostname=echo-cb96f8d94-rpfqz
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Hostname=echo-cb96f8d94-cgmxr
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</code></pre><p>Here we can see our requests are <a href=/v1.14/docs/concepts/traffic-management/#load-balancing-options>round-robin</a> load balanced between all backends.</p><p>In addition to these better defaults, Istio offers customization of a <a href=/v1.14/docs/concepts/traffic-management/>variety of traffic management settings</a>, including timeouts, retries, and much more.</p></div><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="A tutorial to help customers migrate from the deprecated v1alpha1 security policy to the supported v1beta1 version." href=/v1.14/blog/2021/migrate-alpha-policy/ class=next-link><svg class="icon left-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.14/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>Migrate pre-Istio 1.4 Alpha security policy to the current APIs</a></div><div class=right><a title="Learn about sessions, panels, workshops and more on the IstioCon website." href=/v1.14/blog/2021/istiocon-2021-program/ class=next-link>IstioCon 2021: Schedule Is Live!<svg class="icon right-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.14/img/icons.svg#right-arrow"/></svg></a></div></nav></article><footer class=footer><div class="footer-wrapper container-l"><div class="user-links footer-links"><a class=channel title="GitHub is where development takes place on Istio code" href=https://github.com/istio/community aria-label=GitHub><svg class="icon github"><use xlink:href="/v1.14/img/icons.svg#github"/></svg></a><a class=channel title="Access our team drive if you'd like to take a look at the Istio technical design documents" href=https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/istio-team-drive-access aria-label="team drive"><svg class="icon drive"><use xlink:href="/v1.14/img/icons.svg#drive"/></svg></a><a class=channel title="Interactively discuss issues with the Istio community on Slack" href=https://slack.istio.io aria-label=slack><svg class="icon slack"><use xlink:href="/v1.14/img/icons.svg#slack"/></svg></a><a class=channel title="Stack Overflow is where you can ask questions and find 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