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<button id=search-close title=取消搜索 type=reset aria-label=取消搜索><svg class="icon menu-close"><use xlink:href="/v1.17/img/icons.svg#menu-close"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><div class=banner-container></div><nav aria-label=Breadcrumb class=container-l><ol><li><a href title="关于 Istio 项目的说明。">关于</a><svg class="icon breadcrumb-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.17/img/icons.svg#breadcrumb-arrow"/></svg></li><li><a href=/v1.17/zh/about/faq/ title="关于 Istio 的常见问题。">FAQ</a><svg class="icon breadcrumb-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.17/img/icons.svg#breadcrumb-arrow"/></svg></li><li>分布式追踪</li></ol></nav><main class="primary container about"><div class=article-container><article aria-labelledby=title><div class=title-area><div style=width:100%><h1 id=title>分布式追踪的常见问题</h1></div></div><nav class="toc-inlined toc-forced"><hr><div class=directory role=directory><nav id=InlineTableOfContents><ol><li role=none aria-label="如何使用 Istio 实现分布式追踪？"><a href=#how-distributed-tracing-works>如何使用 Istio 实现分布式追踪？</a></li><li role=none aria-label="使用 Istio 进行分布式追踪需要什么？"><a href=#how-to-support-tracing>使用 Istio 进行分布式追踪需要什么？</a></li><li role=none aria-label="基于 Envoy 的跟踪如何工作？"><a href=#how-envoy-based-tracing-works>基于 Envoy 的跟踪如何工作？</a></li><li role=none aria-label="分布式追踪所需的 Istio 最低配置是什么？"><a href=#minimal-requirements>分布式追踪所需的 Istio 最低配置是什么？</a></li><li role=none aria-label="为什么要初始化生成 Zipkin (B3) HTTP header?"><a href=#initial-zipkin-header>为什么要初始化生成 Zipkin (B3) HTTP header?</a></li><li role=none aria-label="为什么 Istio 不能代替应用程序传播标头？"><a href=#istio-copy-headers>为什么 Istio 不能代替应用程序传播标头？</a></li><li role=none aria-label=为什么我的请求没有被追踪？><a href=#no-tracing>为什么我的请求没有被追踪？</a></li><li role=none aria-label=如何控制追踪数量？><a href=#control-sampling>如何控制追踪数量？</a></li><li role=none aria-label=如何禁用追踪？><a href=#disabling-tracing>如何禁用追踪？</a></li><li role=none aria-label="Istio 是否能发送追踪信息到外部与 Zipkin 兼容的后端？"><a href=#external-zipkin>Istio 是否能发送追踪信息到外部与 Zipkin 兼容的后端？</a></li><li role=none aria-label="Istio 支持请求跟踪 vert.x 事件总线消息吗？"><a href=#vert.x>Istio 支持请求跟踪 vert.x 事件总线消息吗？</a></li></ol></nav></div><hr></nav><div class=faq><h5 id=how-distributed-tracing-works class=question>如何使用 Istio 实现分布式追踪？</h5><div class=answer><p>Istio 使用 <a href=#how-envoy-based-tracing-works>Envoy</a>的分布式追踪系统集成。由<a href=#istio-copy-headers>应用程序负责为后续传出请求转发追踪的 header 信息</a>。</p><p>您可以在 Istio 分布式追踪（<a href=/v1.17/zh/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/jaeger/>Jaeger</a>, <a href=/v1.17/zh/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/lightstep/>LightStep</a>, <a href=/v1.17/zh/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/zipkin/>Zipkin</a>）任务以及 <a href=https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/intro/arch_overview/observability/tracing>Envoy 追踪文档</a>中找到更多信息。</p></div><h5 id=how-to-support-tracing class=question>使用 Istio 进行分布式追踪需要什么？</h5><div class=answer><p>Istio 允许报告服务网格中工作负载到工作负载间通信的追踪 span。然而，为了将各种追踪 span 整合在一起以获得完整的流量图，应用程序必须在传入和传出请求之间传播追踪上下文信息。</p><p>特别是，Istio 依赖于应用程序传播 <a href=https://github.com/openzipkin/b3-propagation>B3 追踪 headers</a> 以及由 Envoy 生成的请求 ID。这些 header 包括:</p><ul><li><code>x-request-id</code></li><li><code>x-b3-traceid</code></li><li><code>x-b3-spanId</code></li><li><code>x-b3-parentspanid</code></li><li><code>x-b3-sampled</code></li><li><code>x-b3-flags</code></li><li><code>b3</code></li></ul><p>如果使用 LightStep，您还需要转发以下 header：</p><ul><li><code>x-ot-span-context</code></li></ul><p>如果使用 OpenTelemetry，OpenCensus 或者 Stackdriver，您还需要转发以下 header：</p><ul><li><code>traceparent</code></li><li><code>tracestate</code></li></ul><p>Header 传播可以通过客户端库完成，例如 <a href=https://zipkin.io/pages/tracers_instrumentation.html>Zipkin</a> 或 <a href=https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger-client-java/tree/master/jaeger-core#b3-propagation>Jaeger</a>。当然，这也可以手动完成，正如<a href=/v1.17/zh/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/overview#trace-context-propagation>分布式追踪任务</a>中所描述的那样。</p></div><h5 id=how-envoy-based-tracing-works class=question>基于 Envoy 的跟踪如何工作？</h5><div class=answer><p>对于基于 Envoy 的跟踪集成，Envoy（Sidecar 代理）代表所代理的应用程序将跟踪信息直接发送到跟踪后端。</p><p>Envoy：</p><ul><li>在请求代理时为请求生成请求 ID 和跟踪标头（例如 <code>X-B3-TraceId</code>）</li><li>根据请求和响应元数据（即响应时间）为每个请求生成跟踪范围</li><li>将生成的跟踪范围发送到跟踪后端</li><li>将跟踪头转发到代理的应用程序</li></ul><p>Istio 支持基于 Envoy 的 <a href=/v1.17/zh/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/lightstep/>LightStep</a> 和 <a href=/v1.17/zh/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/zipkin/>Zipkin</a> 的集成，以及所有与 Zipkin API 兼容的后端，包括 <a href=/v1.17/zh/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/jaeger/>Jaeger</a>。</p></div><h5 id=minimal-requirements class=question>分布式追踪所需的 Istio 最低配置是什么？</h5><div class=answer><p>启用了追踪功能的 Istio <a href=/v1.17/zh/docs/setup/install/helm/>最低配置文件</a>是 Istio 与 Zipkin 兼容后端集成所需的全部内容。</p></div><h5 id=initial-zipkin-header class=question>为什么要初始化生成 Zipkin (B3) HTTP header?</h5><div class=answer><p>如果请求中没有 Zipkin (B3) HTTP header，Istio sidecar 代理(Envoy) 会自动生成初始化的 <a href=https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/configuration/http/http_conn_man/headers#x-request-id>headers</a>。</p></div><h5 id=istio-copy-headers class=question>为什么 Istio 不能代替应用程序传播标头？</h5><div class=answer><p>尽管 Istio Sidecar 将处理关联应用程序实例的入站和出站请求，它没有将出站请求与导致它们的入站请求相关联的隐式方法。可以实现这种关联的唯一方法是通过应用程序传播相关信息（例如标头）从入站请求到出站请求。头传播可以通过客户端库或手动完成。提供了进一步的讨论<a href=/v1.17/zh/faq/distributed-tracing/#how-to-support-tracing>使用 Istio 进行分布式跟踪需要什么？</a>.</p></div><h5 id=no-tracing class=question>为什么我的请求没有被追踪？</h5><div class=answer><p>从 Istio 1.0.3 开始，其 <code>default</code> 追踪采样率已经降低到 1%。
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<a href=/v1.17/zh/docs/setup/additional-setup/config-profiles/>配置文件</a>。
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这意味着 Istio 捕获的 100 个追踪实例中只有 1 个将被报告给追踪后端。
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<code>demo</code> 文件中的采样率仍设为 100%。
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有关如何设置采样率的更多信息，可参见<a href=/v1.17/zh/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/overview/#trace-sampling>本节</a>。</p><p>如果您仍然没有看到任何追踪数据，请确认您的端口是否符合 Istio <a href=/v1.17/zh/faq/traffic-management/#naming-port-convention>端口命名规范</a>，
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并公开适当的容器端口（例如，通过 pod spec）来启用 sidecar 代理（Envoy）能够对流量进行捕获。</p><p>如果您仅看到与出口代理相关联的跟踪数据，但没有看到与入口代理相关联的，那么它可能仍与 Istio <a href=/v1.17/zh/faq/traffic-management/#naming-port-convention>端口命名规范</a>相关。
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请先了解 <a href=/v1.17/zh/news/releases/1.3.x/announcing-1.3/#intelligent-protocol-detection-experimental>Istio 1.3</a> 中自动检测<strong>出口</strong>流量的协议相关部分。</p></div><h5 id=control-sampling class=question>如何控制追踪数量？</h5><div class=answer><p>Istio 通过 Envoy，目前支持基于百分比的采样策略来生成追踪信息。
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有关如何设置此采样率的更多信息，请参阅<a href=/v1.17/zh/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/mesh-and-proxy-config/#customizing-trace-sampling>本节</a>。</p></div><h5 id=disabling-tracing class=question>如何禁用追踪？</h5><div class=answer><p>如果您已经安装了启用追踪功能的 Istio，可以通过执行如下步骤禁用它：</p><pre><code class=language-plain data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio># 用您的 Istio mesh 命名空间名填充下述命令中的 <istio namespace>。例如：istio-system
|
||
TRACING_POD=`kubectl get po -n <istio namespace> | grep istio-tracing | awk '{print $1}'`
|
||
$ kubectl delete pod $TRACING_POD -n <istio namespace>
|
||
$ kubectl delete services tracing zipkin -n <istio namespace>
|
||
# 现在，手动从文件中移除 trace_zipkin_url 的实例，保存文件
|
||
</code></pre><p>然后遵循<a href=/v1.17/zh/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/zipkin/#cleanup>分布式追踪任务的清理部分</a>的步骤进行后续操作。</p><p>如果您不想要追踪功能，那么就在安装 Istio 时<a href=/v1.17/zh/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/zipkin/#before-you-begin>禁用追踪</a>。</p></div><h5 id=external-zipkin class=question>Istio 是否能发送追踪信息到外部与 Zipkin 兼容的后端？</h5><div class=answer><p>可以这么做，但是必须用 Zipkin 兼容实例的完全合格的域名。比如：<code>zipkin.mynamespace.svc.cluster.local</code>。</p></div><h5 id=vert.x class=question>Istio 支持请求跟踪 vert.x 事件总线消息吗？</h5><div class=answer><p>目前 Istio 不提供对发布/订阅和事件总线协议的支持。这些技术都遵循 best-effort 网络模型，网络传输容易遭到破坏。</p></div></div></article><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title=度量和日志的常见问题。 href=/v1.17/zh/about/faq/metrics-and-logs/ class=next-link><svg class="icon left-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.17/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>度量和日志</a></div><div class=right><a title=流量管理的常见问题。 href=/v1.17/zh/about/faq/traffic-management/ class=next-link>流量管理<svg class="icon right-arrow"><use 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