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<a href=/v1.20/zh/docs/setup/getting-started class="btn btn--primary" id=try-istio>试用 Istio</a></div></div><form id=search-form class=search name=cse role=search><input type=hidden name=cx value=002184991200833970123:iwwf17ikgf4>
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<button id=search-close title=取消搜索 type=reset aria-label=取消搜索><svg class="icon menu-close"><use xlink:href="/v1.20/img/icons.svg#menu-close"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><div class=banner-container></div><article class=post itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/BlogPosting><div class=header-content><h1>Istio Operator 简介</h1><p>关于 Istio 基于 operator 的安装和控制平面管理特性的介绍。</p></div><p class=post-author>Nov 14, 2019 <span>| </span>By Martin Ostrowski - Google, Frank Budinsky - IBM</p><div><aside class="callout warning"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.20/img/icons.svg#callout-warning"/></svg></div><div class=content>该博客文章是在 Istio 1.4 的版本下编写的，因此其中某些内容现在可能已过时。</div></aside></div><div><p>Kubernetes <a href=https://kubernetes.io/zh-cn/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/operator/>Operator</a> 提供了一种将人类运维知识编码到软件中的模式，是一种简化软件基础结构组件管理的流行方法。Istio 是自动 Operator 的理想选择，因为它的管理具有挑战性。</p><p>到目前为止，<a href=https://github.com/helm/helm>Helm</a> 一直是安装和升级 Istio 的主要工具。Istio 1.4 引入了一种新的<a href=/v1.20/zh/docs/setup/install/istioctl/>使用istioctl安装</a> 方法。这种新的安装方法建立在 Helm 的优势之上，并添加了以下内容:</p><ul><li>用户只需要安装一个工具：<code>istioctl</code></li><li>验证所有 API 字段</li><li>不在 API 中的小型定制不需要更改 chart 或 API</li><li>版本特定的升级 hook 可以很容易和稳健地实现</li></ul><p><a href=/v1.20/zh/docs/setup/install/helm/>Helm 安装</a> 方法正在弃用中。从 Istio 1.4 升级到一个默认没有安装 Helm 的版本也会被一个新的 <a href=/v1.20/zh/docs/setup/upgrade/istioctl-upgrade/>istioctl 升级特性</a>所取代。</p><p>新的 <code>istioctl</code> 安装命令使用一个 <a href=https://kubernetes.io/zh-cn/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/>自定义资源</a> 来配置安装。
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自定义资源是新的 Istio Operator 实现的一部分，该实现旨在简化安装、升级和复杂的 Istio 配置更改等常见管理任务。
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安装和升级的验证和检查与工具紧密集成，以防止常见错误并简化故障排除。</p><h2 id=the-Operator-API>Operator API</h2><p>每个 Operator 实现都需要一个<a href=https://kubernetes.io/zh-cn/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/#customresourcedefinitions>自定义资源定义（CRD）</a> 来定义它的自定义资源，即它的 API。Istio 的 Operator API 由 <a href=/v1.20/zh/docs/reference/config/istio.operator.v1alpha12.pb/><code>IstioControlPlane</code> CRD</a> 定义，它是由一个 <a href=https://github.com/istio/operator/blob/release-1.4/pkg/apis/istio/v1alpha2/istiocontrolplane_types.proto><code>IstioControlPlane</code> 原型</a>生成的。API 支持所有 Istio 当前的<a href=/v1.20/zh/docs/setup/additional-setup/config-profiles/>配置文件</a> ，通过使用一个字段来选择 profile。例如，下面的 <code>IstioControlPlane</code> 资源使用 <code>demo</code> profile 配置 Istio：</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha2
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kind: IstioControlPlane
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metadata:
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namespace: istio-operator
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name: example-istiocontrolplane
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spec:
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profile: demo
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</code></pre><p>然后可以使用其他设置来自定义配置。例如，禁用遥测：</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha2
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kind: IstioControlPlane
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metadata:
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namespace: istio-operator
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name: example-istiocontrolplane
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spec:
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profile: demo
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telemetry:
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enabled: false
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</code></pre><h2 id=install-with-Istio>通过istioctl安装</h2><p>使用 Istio operator API 的推荐方法是通过一组新的 <code>istioctl</code> 命令。例如，要在集群中安装 Istio：</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl manifest apply -f <your-istiocontrolplane-customresource>
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</code></pre><p>通过编辑配置文件并再次执行 <code>istioctl manifest apply</code> 来更改安装配置。</p><p>升级到新版本的 Istio：</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl x upgrade -f <your-istiocontrolplane-config-changes>
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</code></pre><p>除了在 <code>IstioControlPlane</code> 资源中指定完整的配置外，<code>istioctl</code> 命令还可以使用 <code>--set</code> 标志传递单独的设置:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl manifest apply --set telemetry.enabled=false
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</code></pre><p>还有许多其他 <code>istioctl</code> 命令，例如，它们可以帮助您列出、显示和比较配置 profile 和 manifest。</p><p>更多信息请参考 Istio <a href=/v1.20/zh/docs/setup/install/istioctl>安装说明</a>。</p><h2 id=Istio-controller-alpha>Istio Controller (alpha)</h2><p>Operator 实现使用 Kubernetes controller 来持续监控它们的自定义资源并应用相应的配置更改。Istio controller 监控一个 <code>IstioControlPlane</code> 资源，并通过更新相应集群中的 Istio 安装配置来响应更改。</p><p>在 1.4 版中，Istio controller 处于开发的 alpha 阶段，没有完全集成到 <code>istioctl</code> 中。但是，可以使用 <code>kubectl</code> 命令来做<a href=/v1.20/zh/docs/setup/install/standalone-operator/>实验</a>。例如，要将 controller 和默认版本的 Istio 安装到集群中，请运行以下命令:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply -f https://<repo URL>/operator.yaml
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$ kubectl apply -f https://<repo URL>/default-cr.yaml
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</code></pre><p>然后你可以对 Istio 的安装配置进行修改:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl edit istiocontrolplane example-istiocontrolplane -n istio-system
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</code></pre><p>一旦资源更新，controller 将检测到这些变化，并相应地更新 Istio 安装。</p><p>Operator controller 和 <code>istioctl</code> 命令共享相同的实现。重要的区别在于其执行上下文。对于 <code>istioctl</code>，操作在管理用户的命令执行和安全上下文中运行。对于 controller，集群中的一个 pod 在其安全上下文中运行代码。在这两种情况下，都根据一个 schema 来验证配置，并执行相同的正确性检查。</p><h2 id=migration-from-helm>从 Helm 迁移</h2><p>为了方便从使用 Helm 过渡，<code>istioctl</code> 和 controller 支持对 Helm 安装 API 的透传访问。</p><p>您可以使用 <code>istioctl --set</code> 来传递 Helm 配置选项，方法是将字符串 <code>values.</code> 放在配置选项前面。例如，对于这个 Helm 命令：</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ helm template ... --set global.mtls.enabled=true
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</code></pre><p>您可以使用 <code>istioctl</code> 这个命令：</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl manifest generate ... --set values.global.mtls.enabled=true
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</code></pre><p>你也可以在一个 <code>IstioControlPlane</code> 自定义资源中设置 Helm 配置值。
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参见 <a href=/v1.20/zh/docs/setup/install/istioctl/#customize-Istio-settings-using-the-helm-API>使用 Helm 自定义 Istio 设置</a>。</p><p>另一个可以帮助从 Helm 迁移的特性是这个 alpha 命令：<a href=/v1.20/zh/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/#istioctl-manifest-migrate>istioctl manifest migrate</a>。
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此命令可用于将 Helm <code>values.yaml</code> 文件自动转换为相应的 <code>IstioControlPlane</code> 配置。</p><h2 id=implementation>实现</h2><p>已经创建了几个框架，通过为部分或所有组件生成存根来帮助实现 Operator。Istio Operator 是在 <a href=https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubebuilder>kubebuilder</a> 和 <a href=https://github.com/operator-framework>Operator Framework</a> 的帮助下创建的。Istio 的安装现在使用 proto 来描述 API，这样就可以通过 schema 对执行运行时进行验证。</p><p>有关实现的更多信息可以在 <a href=https://github.com/istio/operator>Istio Operator 仓库</a> 中的 README 和 ARCHITECTURE 文档中找到。</p><h2 id=summary>总结</h2><p>从 Istio 1.4 开始，Helm 安装将被新的 <code>istioctl</code> 命令所取代，该命令使用新的 Operator 自定义资源定义，<code>IstioControlPlane</code>，作为配置 API。一个 alpha controller 也被提供用于 Operator 的早期实验。</p><p>新的 <code>istioctl</code> 命令和 Operator controller 都会验证配置 schema，并执行安装更改或升级的一系列检查。这些检查与工具紧密集成，以防止常见错误并简化故障排除。</p><p>Istio 维护者们期望这种新方法能够改善安装和升级期间的用户体验，更好地稳定安装 API，帮助用户更好地管理和监控他们的 Istio 安装。</p><p>我们欢迎您在 <a href=https://discuss.istio.io/>discuss.istio.io</a> 上对新的安装方法提出反馈。</p></div><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="正式启用访问 Istio 资源。" href=/v1.20/zh/blog/2019/announcing-istio-client-go/ class=next-link><svg class="icon left-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.20/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>Istio client-go 发布公告</a></div><div class=right><a title="Istio v1beta1 授权策略的设计原则、基本概述及迁移操作。" href=/v1.20/zh/blog/2019/v1beta1-authorization-policy/ class=next-link>Istio v1beta1 授权策略概述<svg class="icon right-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.20/img/icons.svg#right-arrow"/></svg></a></div></nav></article><footer class=footer><div class="footer-wrapper container-l"><div class="user-links footer-links"><a class=channel title='Istio 的代码在 GitHub 上开发' href=https://github.com/istio/community aria-label=GitHub><svg class="icon github"><use xlink:href="/v1.20/img/icons.svg#github"/></svg>
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