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<a href=/v1.20/zh/docs/setup/getting-started class="btn btn--primary" id=try-istio>试用 Istio</a></div></div><form id=search-form class=search name=cse role=search><input type=hidden name=cx value=002184991200833970123:iwwf17ikgf4>
<input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8>
<input type=hidden name=hl value=zh>
<input type=hidden id=search-page-url value=/zh/search>
<input id=search-textbox class="search-textbox form-control" name=q type=search aria-label='搜索 istio.io' placeholder=搜索>
<button id=search-close title=取消搜索 type=reset aria-label=取消搜索><svg class="icon menu-close"><use xlink:href="/v1.20/img/icons.svg#menu-close"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><div class=banner-container></div><article class=post itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/BlogPosting><div class=header-content><h1>把 Istio 作为外部服务的代理</h1><p>把 Istio 入口网关配置为外部服务的代理。</p></div><p class=post-author>Oct 15, 2019 <span>| </span>By Vadim Eisenberg - IBM</p><div><p>在网格内如何配置一个入口网关来把内部服务暴露出去，让外部可以访问，在这两篇文章中有介绍<a href=/v1.20/zh/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-control/>控制入口流量</a>和<a href=/v1.20/zh/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-sni-passthrough/>无 TLS 终止的入口网关</a>。这些服务可以是 HTTP 或者 HTTPS。如果是 HTTPS，网关会透传流量，而不终止 TLS。</p><p>这篇博客介绍如何使用 Istio 的入口网关机制来访问外部服务，而不是网格内应用。这样，Istio 整个作为一个代理服务，具有可观测性、流量管理和策略执行的附加价值。</p><p>这篇博客也展示了如何配置访问一个外部的 HTTP 和 HTTPS 服务，分别是 <code>httpbin.org</code> 和 <code>edition.cnn.com</code>。</p><h2 id=configure-an-ingress-gateway>配置一个入口网关</h2><ol><li><p>定义一个入口网关，在 <code>servers:</code> 配置中配置 <code>80</code> 和 <code>443</code> 端口。
在对端口 <code>443</code> 的配置终确定 <code>tls:</code> 的 <code>mode:</code> 配置为 <code>PASSTHROUGH</code>，这配置网关直接透传流量而且不终止 TLS。</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply -f - &lt;&lt;EOF
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: Gateway
metadata:
name: proxy
spec:
selector:
istio: ingressgateway # use istio default ingress gateway
servers:
- port:
number: 80
name: http
protocol: HTTP
hosts:
- httpbin.org
- port:
number: 443
name: tls
protocol: TLS
tls:
mode: PASSTHROUGH
hosts:
- edition.cnn.com
EOF
</code></pre></li><li><p>为 <code>httpbin.org</code> 和 <code>edition.cnn.com</code> 创建服务入口，让他们可以通过入口网关访问：</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply -f - &lt;&lt;EOF
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: ServiceEntry
metadata:
name: httpbin-ext
spec:
hosts:
- httpbin.org
ports:
- number: 80
name: http
protocol: HTTP
resolution: DNS
location: MESH_EXTERNAL
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: ServiceEntry
metadata:
name: cnn
spec:
hosts:
- edition.cnn.com
ports:
- number: 443
name: tls
protocol: TLS
resolution: DNS
location: MESH_EXTERNAL
EOF
</code></pre></li><li><p>创建一个服务入口，并且为 <code>localhost</code> 服务配置目的规则。在下一步中，需要这个服务入口作为网格内部应用流量到外部服务的目的地，从而隔断来自网格内部的流量。在此例中把 Istio 用作外部应用和外部服务间的代理。</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply -f - &lt;&lt;EOF
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: ServiceEntry
metadata:
name: localhost
spec:
hosts:
- localhost.local
location: MESH_EXTERNAL
ports:
- number: 80
name: http
protocol: HTTP
- number: 443
name: tls
protocol: TLS
resolution: STATIC
endpoints:
- address: 127.0.0.1
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
name: localhost
spec:
host: localhost.local
trafficPolicy:
tls:
mode: DISABLE
sni: localhost.local
EOF
</code></pre></li><li><p>为每个外部服务创建一个虚拟服务并配置路由规则。两个虚拟服务的 <code>gateways:</code> 和 <code>match:</code> 配置中有针对 HTTP 和 HTTPS 流量相关的 <code>proxy</code> 网关配置。</p><p>注意 <code>route:</code> 配置中的 <code>mesh</code> 网关配置，这个网关代表网格内的应用程序。<code>mesh</code> 网关中的 <code>route:</code> 配置表示如何将流量转向 <code>localhost.local</code> 服务，从而有效地阻隔了流量。</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply -f - &lt;&lt;EOF
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
name: httpbin
spec:
hosts:
- httpbin.org
gateways:
- proxy
- mesh
http:
- match:
- gateways:
- proxy
port: 80
uri:
prefix: /status
route:
- destination:
host: httpbin.org
port:
number: 80
- match:
- gateways:
- mesh
port: 80
route:
- destination:
host: localhost.local
port:
number: 80
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
name: cnn
spec:
hosts:
- edition.cnn.com
gateways:
- proxy
- mesh
tls:
- match:
- gateways:
- proxy
port: 443
sni_hosts:
- edition.cnn.com
route:
- destination:
host: edition.cnn.com
port:
number: 443
- match:
- gateways:
- mesh
port: 443
sni_hosts:
- edition.cnn.com
route:
- destination:
host: localhost.local
port:
number: 443
EOF
</code></pre></li><li><p><a href=/v1.20/zh/docs/tasks/observability/logs/access-log/#enable-envoy-s-access-logging>启用 Envoy 的访问日志</a>。</p></li><li><p>根据<a href=/v1.20/zh/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-control/#determining-the-ingress-i-p-and-ports>确定入口网关的 IP 和端口</a>中的命令，设置 <code>SECURE_INGRESS_PORT</code> 和 <code>INGRESS_HOST</code> 两个环境变量。</p></li><li><p>在上一步中分别把 IP 和端口存储到了环境变量 <code>$INGRESS_HOST</code> 和 <code>$INGRESS_PORT</code> 中，现在可以用这个 IP 和端口访问 <code>httpbin.org</code> 服务。访问 <code>httpbin.org</code> 服务的 <code>/status/418</code> 路径，会返回 <a href=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status/418>418 我是一个茶壶</a>的 HTTP 状态码。</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ curl $INGRESS_HOST:$INGRESS_PORT/status/418 -Hhost:httpbin.org
-=[ teapot ]=-
_...._
.&#39; _ _ `.
| .&#34;` ^ `&#34;. _,
\_;`&#34;---&#34;`|//
| ;/
\_ _/
`&#34;&#34;&#34;`
</code></pre></li><li><p>如果 Istio 入口网关部署在 <code>istio-system</code> 名字空间下，使用下面的命令打印网关日志。</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl logs -l istio=ingressgateway -c istio-proxy -n istio-system | grep &#39;httpbin.org&#39;
</code></pre></li><li><p>检索日志找到类似如下内容：</p><pre><code class=language-plain data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>[2019-01-31T14:40:18.645Z] &#34;GET /status/418 HTTP/1.1&#34; 418 - 0 135 187 186 &#34;10.127.220.75&#34; &#34;curl/7.54.0&#34; &#34;28255618-6ca5-9d91-9634-c562694a3625&#34; &#34;httpbin.org&#34; &#34;34.232.181.106:80&#34; outbound|80||httpbin.org - 172.30.230.33:80 10.127.220.75:52077 -
</code></pre></li><li><p>通过入口网关访问 <code>edition.cnn.com</code> 服务：</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ curl -s --resolve edition.cnn.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT:$INGRESS_HOST https://edition.cnn.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT | grep -o &#34;&lt;title&gt;.*&lt;/title&gt;&#34;
&lt;title&gt;CNN International - Breaking News, US News, World News and Video&lt;/title&gt;
</code></pre></li><li><p>如果 Istio 入口网关部署在 <code>istio-system</code> 名字空间下，使用下面的命令打印网关日志。</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl logs -l istio=ingressgateway -c istio-proxy -n istio-system | grep &#39;edition.cnn.com&#39;
</code></pre></li><li><p>检索日志找到类似如下内容：</p><pre><code class=language-plain data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>[2019-01-31T13:40:11.076Z] &#34;- - -&#34; 0 - 589 17798 1644 - &#34;-&#34; &#34;-&#34; &#34;-&#34; &#34;-&#34; &#34;172.217.31.132:443&#34; outbound|443||edition.cnn.com 172.30.230.33:54508 172.30.230.33:443 10.127.220.75:49467 edition.cnn.com
</code></pre></li></ol><h2 id=cleanup>清除</h2><p>删除网关、虚拟服务和服务入口：</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl delete gateway proxy
$ kubectl delete virtualservice cnn httpbin
$ kubectl delete serviceentry cnn httpbin-ext localhost
$ kubectl delete destinationrule localhost
</code></pre></div><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="一种更安全管理 Istio Webhook 的方法。" href=/v1.20/zh/blog/2019/webhook/ class=next-link><svg class="icon left-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.20/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>安全管理 Webhook</a></div><div class=right><a title=将需要隔离的环境部署到单独的网格中，并通过网格联邦启用网格间通信。 href=/v1.20/zh/blog/2019/isolated-clusters/ class=next-link>用于隔离和边界保护的多网格部署<svg class="icon right-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.20/img/icons.svg#right-arrow"/></svg></a></div></nav></article><footer class=footer><div class="footer-wrapper container-l"><div class="user-links footer-links"><a class=channel title='Istio 的代码在 GitHub 上开发' href=https://github.com/istio/community aria-label=GitHub><svg class="icon github"><use xlink:href="/v1.20/img/icons.svg#github"/></svg>
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