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<button id=search-close title=取消搜索 type=reset aria-label=取消搜索><svg class="icon menu-close"><use xlink:href="/v1.20/img/icons.svg#menu-close"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><div class=banner-container></div><article class=post itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/BlogPosting><div class=header-content><h1>在 Istio 中进行 WebAssembly 声明式部署</h1><p>以声明方式为 Envoy 和 Istio 配置 Wasm 扩展。</p></div><p class=post-author>Mar 16, 2020 <span>| </span>By Christian Posta - Solo.io</p><div><p>正如 <a href=/v1.20/zh/blog/2020/tradewinds-2020/>Istio 2020——为了商用</a>以及最近的 <a href=/v1.20/zh/news/releases/1.5.x/announcing-1.5/>Istio 1.5 发布公告</a>中指出的那样，WebAssembly (Wasm) 现在是用于扩展 Istio 服务代理（ Envoy 代理）功能的（alpha）选项。使用 Wasm，用户可以建立对新协议、自定义指标、日志和其他过滤器的支持。我们的社区（<a href=https://solo.io>Solo.io</a>) 与 Google 紧密合作，专注于提升为 Istio 构建、交流和部署 Wasm 扩展的用户体验。我们发布了 <a href=https://webassemblyhub.io>WebAssembly Hub</a> 和<a href=https://docs.solo.io/web-assembly-hub/latest/installation/>相关工具</a>，以便在使用 Wasm 时可以获得“类似 docker ”的体验。</p><h2 id=background>背景</h2><p>借助 WebAssembly Hub 工具，我们可以使用 <code>wasme</code> CLI 轻松为 Envoy 创建一个 Wasm 项目，将其推送到存储库，然后将其提取或部署到 Istio。例如，要使用 <code>wasme</code> 将 Wasm 扩展部署到 Istio，我们可以运行以下命令：</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ wasme deploy istio webassemblyhub.io/ceposta/demo-add-header:v0.2 \
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--id=myfilter \
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--namespace=bookinfo \
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--config 'tomorrow'
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</code></pre><p>这会将 <code>demo-add-header</code> 扩展添加到在 <code>bookinfo</code> 命名空间中运行的所有工作负载中。我们可以通过使用 <code>--labels</code> 参数来更精细地控制哪些工作负载获得扩展：</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ wasme deploy istio webassemblyhub.io/ceposta/demo-add-header:v0.2 \
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--id=myfilter \
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--namespace=bookinfo \
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--config 'tomorrow' \
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--labels app=details
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</code></pre><p>这比手动创建 <code>EnvoyFilter</code> 资源并尝试将 Wasm 模块发送到每个 pod（您的目标工作负载的一部分）要容易得多。不管怎么说，这是与 Istio 进行交互的非常必要的方法。就像用户通常不直接在生产环境中使用 <code>kubectl</code> ，而是喜欢声明式的、基于资源的工作流一样，我们也希望对 Istio 代理进行自定义。</p><h2 id=a-declarative-approach>声明式方法</h2><p>WebAssembly Hub 工具还包括<a href=https://docs.solo.io/web-assembly-hub/latest/tutorial_code/wasme_operator/>用于将 Wasm 扩展部署到 Istio 工作负载的 Operator</a>。<a href=https://kubernetes.io/zh-cn/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/operator/>Operator</a> 允许用户使用声明式的格式定义其 WebAssembly 扩展，
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并将其交给 Operator 以修正部署状态。例如，我们使用 <code>FilterDeployment</code> 资源来定义需要扩展的镜像和工作负载：</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>apiVersion: wasme.io/v1
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kind: FilterDeployment
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metadata:
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name: bookinfo-custom-filter
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namespace: bookinfo
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spec:
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deployment:
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istio:
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kind: Deployment
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labels:
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app: details
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filter:
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config: 'world'
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image: webassemblyhub.io/ceposta/demo-add-header:v0.2
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</code></pre><p>然后，我们可以获取这个 <code>FilterDeployment</code> 文档，并使用其余的 Istio 资源对其进行版本控制。您可能想知道在 Istio 已经具有 <code>EnvoyFilter</code> 资源的情况下，为什么还需要这个自定义资源来配置 Istio 的服务代理以使用 Wasm 扩展。</p><p>让我们来看看所有这一切在幕后的工作原理。</p><h2 id=how-it-works>工作原理</h2><p>在后台，operator 正在做一些有助于将 Wasm 扩展部署和配置到 Istio 服务代理（ Envoy 代理）中的事情。</p><ul><li>设置 Wasm 扩展的本地缓存</li><li>将所需的 Wasm 扩展提取到本地缓存中</li><li>将 <code>wasm-cache</code> 挂载到适当的工作负载中</li><li>使用 <code>EnvoyFilter</code> CRD 配置 Envoy 以使用 Wasm 过滤器</li></ul><figure style=width:75%><div class=wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio style=padding-bottom:42.663891779396465%><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.20/zh/blog/2020/deploy-wasm-declarative/how-it-works.png title="理解 wasme operator 的工作原理"><img class=element-to-stretch src=/v1.20/zh/blog/2020/deploy-wasm-declarative/how-it-works.png alt="wasme operator 工作原理"></a></div><figcaption>理解 wasme operator 的工作原理</figcaption></figure><p>目前，Wasm 镜像需要发布到一个 registry 中，以便 operator 能够正确缓存它。缓存 pod 作为 DaemonSet 运行在每个节点上，以便可以将缓存挂载到 Envoy 容器中。它并不是最理想的机制，我们正在对其进行改进。理想情况下，我们无需处理任何挂载，而是可以直接通过 HTTP 将模块流式传输到代理，因此请随时关注更新（应在接下来的几天内完成）。使用 <code>sidecar.istio.io/userVolume</code> 和 <code>sidecar.istio.io/userVolumeMount</code> 注释后，挂载将会建立。有关其工作原理的更多信息，请参见<a href=/v1.20/zh/docs/reference/config/annotations/>有关 Istio 资源注释的文档</a>。</p><p>一旦 Wasm 模块被正确缓存并挂载入工作负载的服务代理中，operator 即可配置 <code>EnvoyFilter</code> 资源。</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
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kind: EnvoyFilter
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metadata:
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name: details-v1-myfilter
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namespace: bookinfo
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spec:
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configPatches:
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- applyTo: HTTP_FILTER
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match:
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context: SIDECAR_INBOUND
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listener:
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filterChain:
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filter:
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name: envoy.http_connection_manager
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subFilter:
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name: envoy.router
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patch:
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operation: INSERT_BEFORE
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value:
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config:
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config:
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configuration: tomorrow
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name: myfilter
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rootId: add_header
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vmConfig:
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code:
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local:
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filename: /var/local/lib/wasme-cache/44bf95b368e78fafb663020b43cf099b23fc6032814653f2f47e4d20643e7267
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runtime: envoy.wasm.runtime.v8
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vmId: myfilter
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name: envoy.filters.http.wasm
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workloadSelector:
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labels:
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app: details
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version: v1
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</code></pre><p>您可以看到 <code>EnvoyFilter</code> 资源配置了代理以添加 <code>envoy.filter.http.wasm</code> 过滤器并从 <code>wasme-cache</code> 加载 Wasm 模块。</p><p>一旦将 Wasm 扩展加载到 Istio 服务代理，它将使用您引入的任意自定义代码来扩展代理的功能。</p><h2 id=next-steps>下一步</h2><p>在此博客中，我们探讨了将 Wasm 扩展安装到 Istio 工作负载中的选项。在 Istio 上开始使用 WebAssembly 的最简单方法是使用 <code>wasme</code> 工具<a href=https://docs.solo.io/web-assembly-hub/latest/tutorial_code/getting_started/>创建一个新的 Wasm 项目</a>，可使用 C++，AssemblyScript [或即将推出的 Rust！]。例如，要设置 C++ Wasm 模块，可以运行：</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ wasme init ./filter --language cpp --platform istio --platform-version 1.5.x
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</code></pre><p>如果没有额外的参数，则 <code>wasme init</code> 将进入交互模式，引导您选择正确的值。</p><p>查看 <a href=https://docs.solo.io/web-assembly-hub/latest/tutorial_code/getting_started/>WebAssembly Hub wasme 工具</a>，以在 Istio 上开始使用 Wasm。</p><h2 id=learn-more>了解更多</h2><ul><li><p><a href=/v1.20/zh/blog/2020/wasm-announce/>重新定义代理的扩展性</a></p></li><li><p>WebAssembly SF talk (video): <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OIUPf8m7CGA">网络代理的扩展</a>, by John Plevyak</p></li><li><p><a href=https://www.solo.io/blog/an-extended-and-improved-webassembly-hub-to-helps-bring-the-power-of-webassembly-to-envoy-and-istio/>Solo 博客</a></p></li><li><p><a href=https://github.com/proxy-wasm/spec>Proxy-Wasm ABI 规范</a></p></li><li><p><a href=https://github.com/proxy-wasm/proxy-wasm-cpp-sdk/blob/master/docs/wasm_filter.md>Proxy-Wasm C++ SDK</a> 以及 <a href=https://github.com/proxy-wasm/proxy-wasm-cpp-sdk/blob/master/docs/wasm_filter.md>开发者文档</a></p></li><li><p><a href=https://github.com/proxy-wasm/proxy-wasm-rust-sdk>Proxy-Wasm Rust SDK</a></p></li><li><p><a href=https://github.com/solo-io/proxy-runtime>Proxy-Wasm AssemblyScript SDK</a></p></li><li><p><a href=https://docs.solo.io/web-assembly-hub/latest/tutorial_code/>教程</a></p></li><li><p><a href=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuketWAG3WqYjjxtQ9Q8ApQ>Solo.io 的 YouTube 频道</a>里的视频</p></li></ul></div><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="Istiod 将 Istio 控制平面组件合并为一个二进制文件。" href=/v1.20/zh/blog/2020/istiod/ class=next-link><svg class="icon left-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.20/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>介绍 istiod：简化控制平面</a></div><div class=right><a title="Istio 的扩展中使用 WASM 的前景。" href=/v1.20/zh/blog/2020/wasm-announce/ class=next-link>重新定义代理的扩展性：Envoy 和 Istio 引入 WebAssembly<svg class="icon right-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.20/img/icons.svg#right-arrow"/></svg></a></div></nav></article><footer class=footer><div class="footer-wrapper container-l"><div class="user-links footer-links"><a class=channel title='Istio 的代码在 GitHub 上开发' href=https://github.com/istio/community aria-label=GitHub><svg class="icon github"><use xlink:href="/v1.20/img/icons.svg#github"/></svg>
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