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<a tabindex=-1 role=menuitem href=https://istio.io/archive>Older Releases</a></div></div><button id=search-show title="Search this site" aria-label=Search><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.5/img/icons.svg#magnifier"/></svg></button></div><form id=search-form name=cse role=search><input type=hidden name=cx value=002184991200833970123:iwwf17ikgf4>
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<button id=search-close title="Cancel search" type=reset aria-label="Cancel search"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.5/img/icons.svg#cancel-x"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><div class=banner-container></div><main class=primary><div id=sidebar-container class="sidebar-container sidebar-offcanvas"><nav id=sidebar aria-label="Section Navigation"><div class=directory><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card24 title="Learn about the different parts of the Istio system and the abstractions it uses." aria-controls=card24-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.5/img/icons.svg#concepts"/></svg>Concepts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card24 role=region id=card24-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card24><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduces Istio, the problems it solves, its high-level architecture, and its design goals." href=/v1.5/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/>What is Istio?</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the various Istio features focused on traffic routing and control." href=/v1.5/docs/concepts/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality." href=/v1.5/docs/concepts/security/>Security</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the telemetry and monitoring features provided by Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/concepts/observability/>Observability</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's WebAssembly Plugin system." href=/v1.5/docs/concepts/wasm/>Extensibility</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card47 title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes." aria-controls=card47-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.5/img/icons.svg#setup"/></svg>Setup</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card47 role=region id=card47-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card47><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Try Istio’s features quickly and easily." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/getting-started/>Getting Started</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Platform Setup"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="How to prepare various Kubernetes platforms before installing Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/platform-setup/>Platform Setup</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Alibaba Cloud Kubernetes cluster for Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/platform-setup/alicloud/>Alibaba Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Azure cluster for Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/platform-setup/azure/>Azure</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup Docker Desktop for Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/platform-setup/docker/>Docker Desktop</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a Google Kubernetes Engine cluster for Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/platform-setup/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an IBM Cloud cluster for Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/platform-setup/ibm/>IBM Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup kind for Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/platform-setup/kind/>kind</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a Gardener cluster for Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/platform-setup/gardener/>Kubernetes Gardener</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a KubeSphere Container Platform for Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/platform-setup/kubesphere/>KubeSphere Container Platform</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup MicroK8s for use with Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/platform-setup/microk8s/>MicroK8s</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup minikube for Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/platform-setup/minikube/>Minikube</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OpenShift cluster for Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/platform-setup/openshift/>OpenShift</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OKE cluster for Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/platform-setup/oci/>Oracle Cloud Infrastructure</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Install><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Choose the guide that best suits your needs and platform." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/install/>Install</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and customize any Istio configuration profile for in-depth evaluation or production use." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/install/istioctl/>Customizable Install with Istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and configure Istio for in-depth evaluation or production use." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/install/helm/>Customizable Install with Helm</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio in a Kubernetes cluster using the Istio operator." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/install/standalone-operator/>Standalone Operator Install</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Multicluster Installation"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Configure an Istio mesh spanning multiple Kubernetes clusters." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/install/multicluster/>Multicluster Installation</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters with replicated control plane instances." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/install/multicluster/gateways/>Replicated control planes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters with a shared control plane." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/install/multicluster/shared/>Shared control plane (single and multiple networks)</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Upgrade><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Choose the upgrade guide that corresponds to the approach you previously used to install Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/upgrade/>Upgrade</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Upgrade or downgrade Istio using the istioctl upgrade command." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/upgrade/istioctl-upgrade/>Upgrade Istio using istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Upgrade the Istio control plane, and optionally, the CNI plug-in using Helm." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/upgrade/cni-helm-upgrade/>Upgrade using Helm</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="More Guides"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="More information on additional setup tasks." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/additional-setup/>More Guides</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the built-in Istio installation configuration profiles." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/additional-setup/config-profiles/>Installation Configuration Profiles</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/>Installing the Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and use Istio with the Istio CNI plugin, allowing operators to deploy services with lower privilege." href=/v1.5/docs/setup/additional-setup/cni/>Install Istio with the Istio CNI plugin</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card77 title="How to do single specific targeted activities with the Istio system." aria-controls=card77-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.5/img/icons.svg#tasks"/></svg>Tasks</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card77 role=region id=card77-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card77><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Tasks that demonstrate Istio's traffic routing features." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing to multiple versions of a microservice." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing/>Request Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to inject faults to test the resiliency of your application." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection/>Fault Injection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting/>Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate TCP traffic from an old to new version of a TCP service." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/tcp-traffic-shifting/>TCP Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts/>Request Timeouts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure circuit breaking for connections, requests, and outlier detection." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking/>Circuit Breaking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task demonstrates the traffic mirroring/shadowing capabilities of Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring/>Mirroring</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Ingress><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling ingress traffic for an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/>Ingress</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Istio gateway to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-control/>Ingress Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Expose a service outside of the service mesh over TLS or mTLS using file-mounted certificates." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/secure-ingress-mount/>Secure Gateways (File Mount)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Expose a service outside of the service mesh over TLS or mTLS using the secret discovery service (SDS)." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/secure-ingress-sds/>Secure Gateways (SDS)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI passthrough for an ingress gateway." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-sni-passthrough/>Ingress Gateway without TLS Termination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Demonstrates how to obtain Let's Encrypt TLS certificates for Kubernetes Ingress automatically using Cert-Manager." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-certmgr/>Kubernetes Ingress with Cert-Manager</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Egress><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling egress traffic for an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/>Egress</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-control/>Accessing External Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to perform TLS origination for traffic to external services." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-tls-origination/>Egress TLS Origination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to direct traffic to external services through a dedicated gateway." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-gateway/>Egress Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Egress Gateway to perform TLS origination to external services." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-gateway-tls-origination/>Egress Gateways with TLS Origination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to enable egress traffic for a set of hosts in a common domain, instead of configuring each and every host separately." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/wildcard-egress-hosts/>Egress using Wildcard Hosts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI monitoring and apply policies on TLS egress traffic." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress_sni_monitoring_and_policies/>Monitoring and Policies for TLS Egress with Mixer (Deprecated)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to let applications use an external HTTPS proxy." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/http-proxy/>Using an External HTTPS Proxy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to configure Istio for Kubernetes External Services." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-kubernetes-services/>Kubernetes Services for Egress Traffic</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to secure the mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label=Authentication><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling mutual TLS and end-user authentication for mesh services." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/security/authentication/>Authentication</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use Istio authentication policy to setup mutual TLS and basic end-user authentication." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/security/authentication/authn-policy/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to incrementally migrate your Istio services to mutual TLS." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/security/authentication/mtls-migration/>Mutual TLS Migration</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Authorization><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Shows how to control access to Istio services." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/security/authorization/>Authorization</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up access control for HTTP traffic." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-http/>Authorization for HTTP traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to set up access control for TCP traffic." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-tcp/>Authorization for TCP traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to set up access control with JWT in Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-jwt/>Authorization with JWT</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up access control to deny traffic explicitly." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-deny/>Authorization policies with a deny action</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to set up access control on an ingress gateway." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-ingress/>Authorization on Ingress Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to migrate from one trust domain to another without changing authorization policy." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-td-migration/>Authorization Policy Trust Domain Migration</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how system administrators can configure Istio's CA with an existing root certificate, signing certificate and key." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/security/plugin-ca-cert/>Plugging in existing CA Certificates</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to provision and manage DNS certificates in Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/security/dns-cert/>Istio DNS Certificate Management</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Policies><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates policy enforcement features." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/>Policies</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to enable Istio policy enforcement." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/enabling-policy/>Enabling Policy Enforcement (Deprecated)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to use Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limiting/>Enabling Rate Limits (Deprecated)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to control access to a service using simple denials or white/black listing." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/denial-and-list/>Denials and White/Black Listing (Deprecated)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to modify request headers and routing using policy adapters." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/control-headers/>Control Headers and Routing (Deprecated)</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Observability><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to collect telemetry information from the mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/>Observability</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label=Metrics><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the collection and querying of metrics within Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/>Metrics</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/tcp-metrics/>Collecting Metrics for TCP Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/querying-metrics/>Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/using-istio-dashboard/>Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Logs><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the collection of logs within Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/logs/>Logs</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Envoy proxies to print access logs to their standard output." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/logs/access-log/>Getting Envoy's Access Logs</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Distributed Tracing"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio-enabled applications to collect trace spans." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/>Distributed Tracing</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Overview of distributed tracing in Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/overview/>Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Jaeger." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/jaeger/>Jaeger</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to LightStep." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/lightstep/>LightStep</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to visualize your services within an Istio mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/kiali/>Visualizing Your Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure external access to the set of Istio telemetry addons." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/gateways/>Remotely Accessing Telemetry Addons</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Using Mixer for Telemetry (deprecated)"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to collect telemetry information from the mesh using Mixer." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/>Using Mixer for Telemetry (deprecated)</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label=Metrics><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the configuration, collection, and processing of Istio mesh metrics using Mixer." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/metrics/>Metrics</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio's Mixer to collect and customize metrics." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/metrics/collecting-metrics/>Collecting Metrics With Mixer</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio's Mixer to collect metrics for TCP services." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/metrics/tcp-metrics/>Collecting Metrics for TCP services with Mixer</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Logs><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the configuration, collection, and processing of Istio mesh logs." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/logs/>Logs</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio's Mixer to collect and customize logs." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/logs/collecting-logs/>Collecting Logs with Mixer</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio's Mixer to log to a Fluentd daemon." href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/logs/fluentd/>Logging with Mixer and Fluentd</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card92 title="A variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with." aria-controls=card92-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.5/img/icons.svg#examples"/></svg>Examples</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card92 role=region id=card92-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card92><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices used to demonstrate various Istio features." href=/v1.5/docs/examples/bookinfo/>Bookinfo Application</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Virtual Machines"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Examples that add workloads running on virtual machines to an Istio mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/examples/virtual-machines/>Virtual Machines</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to add a service running on a virtual machine to your single network Istio mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/examples/virtual-machines/single-network/>Virtual Machines in Single-Network Meshes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to add a service running on a virtual machine to your multi-network Istio mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/examples/virtual-machines/multi-network/>Virtual Machines in Multi-Network Meshes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Run the Bookinfo application with a MySQL service running on a virtual machine within your mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/examples/virtual-machines/bookinfo/>Bookinfo with a Virtual Machine</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Learn Microservices using Kubernetes and Istio"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="This modular tutorial provides new users with hands-on experience using Istio for common microservices scenarios, one step at a time." href=/v1.5/docs/examples/microservices-istio/>Learn Microservices using Kubernetes and Istio</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/examples/microservices-istio/prereq/>Prerequisites</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/examples/microservices-istio/setup-kubernetes-cluster/>Setup a Kubernetes Cluster</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/examples/microservices-istio/setup-local-computer/>Setup a Local Computer</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/examples/microservices-istio/single/>Run a Microservice Locally</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/examples/microservices-istio/package-service/>Run ratings in Docker</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/examples/microservices-istio/bookinfo-kubernetes/>Run Bookinfo with Kubernetes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/examples/microservices-istio/production-testing/>Test in production</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/examples/microservices-istio/add-new-microservice-version/>Add a new version of reviews</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/examples/microservices-istio/add-istio/>Enable Istio on productpage</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/examples/microservices-istio/enable-istio-all-microservices/>Enable Istio on all the microservices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/examples/microservices-istio/istio-ingress-gateway/>Configure Istio Ingress Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/examples/microservices-istio/logs-istio/>Monitoring with Istio</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card113 title="Concepts, tools, and techniques to deploy and manage an Istio mesh." aria-controls=card113-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.5/img/icons.svg#guide"/></svg>Operations</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card113 role=region id=card113-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card113><li role=treeitem aria-label=Deployment><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Requirements, concepts, and considerations for setting up an Istio deployment." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/deployment/>Deployment</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's high-level architecture and design goals." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/deployment/architecture/>Architecture</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the options and considerations when configuring your Istio deployment." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/deployment/deployment-models/>Deployment Models</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio performance and scalability summary." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/deployment/performance-and-scalability/>Performance and Scalability</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Prepare your Kubernetes pods and services to run in an Istio-enabled cluster." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/deployment/requirements/>Pods and Services</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Configuration><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Advanced concepts and features for configuring a running Istio mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/>Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label="Mesh Configuration"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the global mesh configuration." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/>Mesh Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provides a general overview of Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks and the related issues that can arise." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/webhook/>Dynamic Admission Webhooks Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for automatic sidecar injection." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/injection-concepts/>Automatic Sidecar Injection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how Citadel determines whether to create service account secrets." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/secret-creation/>Service Account Secret Creation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to do health checking for Istio services." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/app-health-check/>Health Checking of Istio Services</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the networking aspects of a running mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to specify protocols." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/protocol-selection/>Protocol Selection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to enable and understand Locality Load Balancing." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/locality-load-balancing/>Locality Load Balancing</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the security aspects of a running mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Use hardened container images to reduce Istio's attack surface." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/security/harden-docker-images/>Harden Docker Container Images</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to extend the lifetime of the Istio self-signed root certificate." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/security/root-transition/>Extending Self-Signed Certificate Lifetime</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Observability><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage telemetry collection and visualization in a running mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/>Observability</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Fine-grained control of Envoy statistics." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/envoy-stats/>Envoy Statistics</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Best Practices"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Best practices for setting up and managing an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/best-practices/>Best Practices</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="General best practices when setting up an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/best-practices/deployment/>Deployment Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration best practices to avoid networking or traffic management issues." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/best-practices/traffic-management/>Traffic Management Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Best practices for securing applications using Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/best-practices/security/>Security Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Best practices for observing applications using Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/best-practices/observability/>Observability Best Practices</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Common Problems"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to identify and resolve common problems in Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/common-problems/>Common Problems</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Techniques to address common Istio traffic management and network problems." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/common-problems/network-issues/>Traffic Management Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Techniques to address common Istio authentication, authorization, and general security-related problems." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/common-problems/security-issues/>Security Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Dealing with telemetry collection issues." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/common-problems/observability-issues/>Observability Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Resolve common problems with Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for automatic sidecar injection." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/common-problems/injection/>Sidecar Injection Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to resolve configuration validation problems." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/common-problems/validation/>Configuration Validation Problems</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Diagnostic Tools"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Tools and techniques to help troubleshoot an Istio mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/>Diagnostic Tools</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio includes a supplemental tool that provides debugging and diagnosis for Istio service mesh deployments." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl/>Using the Istioctl Command-line Tool</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes tools and techniques to diagnose Envoy configuration issues related to traffic management." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/proxy-cmd/>Debugging Envoy and Istiod</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use istioctl describe to verify the configurations of a pod in your mesh." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl-describe/>Understand your Mesh with Istioctl Describe</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use istioctl analyze to identify potential issues with your configuration." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl-analyze/>Diagnose your Configuration with Istioctl Analyze</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to use ControlZ to get insight into individual running components." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/controlz/>Component Introspection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to use component-level logging to get insights into a running component's behavior." href=/v1.5/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/component-logging/>Component Logging</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card161 title="Detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters." aria-controls=card161-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.5/img/icons.svg#reference"/></svg>Reference</button><div class="body default" aria-labelledby=card161 role=region id=card161-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card161><li role=treeitem aria-label=Configuration><button class=show aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Detailed information on configuration options." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/>Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the options available when installing Istio using Helm charts." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/installation-options/>Installation Options (Helm)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting the service mesh as a whole." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/istio.mesh.v1alpha1/>Global Mesh Options</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting Istio control plane installation version and shape." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/istio.operator.v1alpha1/>IstioOperator Options</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure HTTP/TCP routing features." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/networking/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting load balancing, outlier detection, etc." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/networking/destination-rule/>Destination Rule</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Customizing Envoy configuration generated by Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/networking/envoy-filter/>Envoy Filter</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting edge load balancer." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/networking/gateway/>Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting label/content routing, sni routing, etc." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/networking/virtual-service/>Virtual Service</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting network reachability of a sidecar." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/networking/sidecar/>Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting service registry." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/networking/service-entry/>Service Entry</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio's security features." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration to validate JWT." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/security/jwt/>JWTRule</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Request authentication configuration for workloads." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/security/request_authentication/>RequestAuthentication</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Peer authentication configuration for workloads." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/security/peer_authentication/>PeerAuthentication</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Authentication policy for Istio services." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/security/istio.authentication.v1alpha1/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for access control on workloads." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/security/authorization-policy/>Authorization Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the supported conditions in authorization policies." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/security/conditions/>Authorization Policy Conditions</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Role Based Access Control." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/security/istio.rbac.v1alpha1/>RBAC (deprecated)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the supported constraints and properties." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/security/constraints-and-properties/>RBAC Constraints and Properties (deprecated)</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Telemetry V2"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio telemetry V2." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/telemetry/>Telemetry V2</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio standard metrics exported by Istio telemetry." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/telemetry/metrics/>Istio Standard Metrics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure v2 metrics (experimental)." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/telemetry/configurable_metrics/>Configurable Metrics (Experimental)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to enable Telemetry V2 with Wasm runtime (experimental)." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/telemetry/telemetry_v2_with_wasm/>Telemetry V2 with Wasm runtime (Experimental)</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Resource annotations used by Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/annotations/>Resource Annotations</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Configuration Analysis Messages"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Documents the individual error and warning messages produced during configurarion analysis." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/>Configuration Analysis Messages</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/message-format/>Analyzer Message Format</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0109/>ConflictingMeshGatewayVirtualServiceHosts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0110/>ConflictingSidecarWorkloadSelectors</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0002/>Deprecated</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0107/>MisplacedAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0104/>GatewayPortNotOnWorkload</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0001/>InternalError</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0105/>IstioProxyImageMismatch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0119/>JwtFailureDueToInvalidServicePortPrefix</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0113/>MTLSPolicyConflict</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0111/>MultipleSidecarsWithoutWorkloadSelectors</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0102/>NamespaceNotInjected</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0112/>VirtualServiceDestinationPortSelectorRequired</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0108/>UnknownAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0106/>SchemaValidationError</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0101/>ReferencedResourceNotFound</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0118/>PortNameIsNotUnderNamingConvention</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0103/>PodMissingProxy</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Mixer Policies and Telemetry (Deprecated)"><button class=show aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Mixer's policy and telemetry features." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/>Mixer Policies and Telemetry (Deprecated)</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration state for the Mixer client library." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.mixer.v1.config.client/>Mixer Client</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the rules used to configure Mixer's policy and telemetry features." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.policy.v1beta1/>Rules</a></li><li role=none><span role=treeitem class=current title="Describes the configuration model for Istio's policy enforcement and telemetry mechanisms.">Mixer Configuration Model (Deprecated)</span></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the base attribute vocabulary used for policy and control." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/attribute-vocabulary/>Attribute Vocabulary (Deprecated)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Mixer configuration expression language reference." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/expression-language/>Expression Language</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Mixer Adapters (Deprecated)"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Mixer adapters allow Istio to interface to a variety of infrastructure backends for such things as metrics and logs." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/>Mixer Adapters (Deprecated)</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Apache SkyWalking." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/apache-skywalking/>Apache SkyWalking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for Apigee's distributed policy checks and analytics." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/apigee/>Apigee</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to enforce authentication and authorization policies for web apps and APIs." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/app-identity-access-adapter/>App Identity and Access</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for circonus.com's monitoring solution." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/circonus/>Circonus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for cloudmonitor metrics." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudmonitor/>CloudMonitor</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for cloudwatch metrics." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudwatch/>CloudWatch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a dogstatsd agent for delivery to DataDog." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/datadog/>Datadog</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver tracing data to Zipkin." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that always returns a precondition denial." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/denier/>Denier</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An Istio Mixer adapter to send telemetry data to New Relic." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/newrelic/>New Relic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that delivers logs to a Fluentd daemon." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/fluentd/>Fluentd</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that extracts information from a Kubernetes environment." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/kubernetesenv/>Kubernetes Env</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Layer5." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/layer5/>Layer5</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that performs whitelist or blacklist checks." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/list/>List</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for a simple in-memory quota management system." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/memquota/>Memory quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that implements an Open Policy Agent engine." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/opa/>OPA</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Wavefront by VMware." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/wavefront/>Wavefront by VMware</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to locally output logs and metrics." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stdio/>Stdio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a StatsD backend." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/statsd/>StatsD</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver logs, metrics, and traces to Stackdriver." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stackdriver/>Stackdriver</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Papertrail and AppOptics backends." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/solarwinds/>SolarWinds</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for a Redis-based quota management system." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/redisquota/>Redis Quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that exposes Istio metrics for ingestion by a Prometheus harvester." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/prometheus/>Prometheus</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Default Metrics exported from Istio through Mixer." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/metrics/>Default Metrics</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Templates><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Mixer templates are used to send data to individual adapters." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/>Templates</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single API key." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/apikey/>API Key</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template used to represent an access control query." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/authorization/>Authorization</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/checknothing/>Check Nothing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that is used to control the production of Kubernetes-specific attributes." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/kubernetes/>Kubernetes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template designed to let you perform list checking operations." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/listentry/>List Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single runtime log entry." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/logentry/>Log Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single runtime metric." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/metric/>Metric</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Analytics template is used to dispatch runtime telemetry to Apigee." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/analytics/>Analytics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents an individual span within a distributed trace." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/tracespan/>Trace Span</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/reportnothing/>Report Nothing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a quota allocation request." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/quota/>Quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template designed to report observed communication edges between workloads." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/edge/>Edge</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Commands><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes usage and options of the Istio commands and utilities." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/commands/>Commands</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Galley provides configuration management services for Istio." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/commands/galley/>galley</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Certificate Authority (CA)." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/commands/istio_ca/>istio_ca</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio control interface." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/>istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Mixer is Istio's abstraction on top of infrastructure backends." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/commands/mixs/>mixs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Kubernetes webhook for automatic Istio sidecar injection." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/commands/sidecar-injector/>sidecar-injector</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery/>pilot-discovery</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot agent." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/commands/pilot-agent/>pilot-agent</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Istio operator." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/commands/operator/>operator</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio security per-node agent." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/commands/node_agent/>node_agent</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A glossary of common Istio terms." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/glossary/>Glossary</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav></div><div class=article-container><button tabindex=-1 id=sidebar-toggler title="Toggle the navigation bar"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.5/img/icons.svg#pull"/></svg></button><nav aria-label=Breadcrumb><ol><li><a href=/v1.5/ title="Connect, secure, control, and observe services.">Istio</a></li><li><a href=/v1.5/docs/ title="Learn how to deploy, use, and operate Istio.">Docs</a></li><li><a href=/v1.5/docs/reference/ title="Detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters.">Reference</a></li><li><a href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/ title="Detailed information on configuration options.">Configuration</a></li><li><a href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/ title="Describes how to configure Mixer's policy and telemetry features.">Mixer Policies and Telemetry (Deprecated)</a></li><li>Mixer Configuration Model (Deprecated)</li></ol></nav><article aria-labelledby=title><div class=title-area><div style=width:100%><h1 id=title>Mixer Configuration Model (Deprecated)</h1><p class=byline><span title="1465 words"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.5/img/icons.svg#clock"/></svg><span>&nbsp;</span>7 minute read</span></p></div></div><nav class=toc-inlined aria-label="Table of Contents"><div><hr><ol><li role=none aria-label=Adapters><a href=#adapters>Adapters</a><li role=none aria-label=Attributes><a href=#attributes>Attributes</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Attribute vocabulary"><a href=#attribute-vocabulary>Attribute vocabulary</a><li role=none aria-label="Attribute expressions"><a href=#attribute-expressions>Attribute expressions</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Configuration model"><a href=#configuration-model>Configuration model</a><ol><li role=none aria-label=Handlers><a href=#handlers>Handlers</a><li role=none aria-label=Instances><a href=#instances>Instances</a><li role=none aria-label=Rules><a href=#rules>Rules</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol><hr></div></nav><p>Istio provides a flexible model to enforce authorization policies and collect telemetry for the
services in a mesh.</p><p>Infrastructure backends are designed to provide support functionality
used to build services. They include such things as access control systems,
telemetry capturing systems, quota enforcement systems, billing systems, and so
forth. Services traditionally directly integrate with these backend systems,
creating a hard coupling and baking-in specific semantics and usage options.</p><p>Istio provides a uniform abstraction that makes it possible for Istio to interface with
an open-ended set of infrastructure backends. This is done in such a way to provide rich
and deep controls to the operator, while imposing no burden on service developers.
Istio is designed to change the boundaries between layers in order to reduce
systemic complexity, eliminate policy logic from service code and give
control to operators.</p><p>Mixer is the Istio component responsible for providing policy controls and telemetry collection:</p><figure style=width:55%><div class=wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio style=padding-bottom:70%><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/mixer-overview/topology-without-cache.svg title="Mixer Topology"><img class=element-to-stretch src=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/mixer-overview/topology-without-cache.svg alt="Mixer Topology"></a></div><figcaption>Mixer Topology</figcaption></figure><p>The Envoy sidecar logically calls Mixer before each request to perform precondition checks, and after each request to report telemetry.
The sidecar has local caching such that a large percentage of precondition checks can be performed from cache. Additionally, the
sidecar buffers outgoing telemetry such that it only calls Mixer infrequently.</p><p>At a high level, Mixer provides:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Backend Abstraction</strong>. Mixer insulates the rest of Istio from the implementation details of individual infrastructure backends.</p></li><li><p><strong>Intermediation</strong>. Mixer allows operators to have fine-grained control over all interactions between the mesh and infrastructure backends.</p></li></ul><p>Policy enforcement and telemetry collection are entirely driven from configuration.
Policy check is disabled by default, avoiding the need to go through the Mixer policy component.
Refer to <a href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/installation-options/>Installation Options</a> for more information.</p><h2 id=adapters>Adapters</h2><p>Mixer is a highly modular and extensible component. One of its key functions is
to abstract away the details of different policy and telemetry backend systems,
allowing the rest of Istio to be agnostic of those backends.</p><p>Mixer&rsquo;s flexibility in dealing with different infrastructure backends comes
from its general-purpose plug-in model. Individual plug-ins are
known as <em>adapters</em> and they allow Mixer to interface to different
infrastructure backends that deliver core functionality, such as logging,
monitoring, quotas, ACL checking, and more. The exact set of
adapters used at runtime is determined through configuration and can easily be
extended to target new or custom infrastructure backends.</p><figure style=width:80%><div class=wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio style=padding-bottom:70%><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/mixer-overview/adapters.svg title="Mixer and its Adapters"><img class=element-to-stretch src=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/mixer-overview/adapters.svg alt="Showing Mixer with adapters."></a></div><figcaption>Mixer and its Adapters</figcaption></figure><p>Learn more about the <a href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/>set of supported adapters</a>.</p><h2 id=attributes>Attributes</h2><p>Attributes are an essential concept to Istio&rsquo;s policy and telemetry functionality.
An attribute is a small bit of data that describes a single property of a specific
service request or the environment for the request. For example, an attribute can
specify the size of a specific request, the response code for an operation, the IP
address where a request came from, etc.</p><p>Each attribute has a name and a type. The type defines the kind of data that the attribute holds. For
example, an attribute can have a <code>STRING</code> type which means it has a textual value, or it can have an <code>INT64</code>
type indicating it has a 64 bit integer value.</p><p>Here are some example attributes with their associated values:</p><pre><code class=language-plain data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>request.path: xyz/abc
request.size: 234
request.time: 12:34:56.789 04/17/2017
source.ip: [192 168 0 1]
destination.service.name: example
</code></pre><p>Mixer is in essence an attribute processing machine. The Envoy sidecar invokes Mixer for
every request, giving Mixer a set of attributes that describe the request and the environment
around the request. Based on its configuration and the specific set of attributes it was
given, Mixer generates calls to a variety of infrastructure backends.</p><figure style=width:60%><div class=wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio style=padding-bottom:42.60859894197215%><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/mixer-overview/machine.svg title="Attribute Machine"><img class=element-to-stretch src=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/mixer-overview/machine.svg alt="Attribute Machine"></a></div><figcaption>Attribute Machine</figcaption></figure><h3 id=attribute-vocabulary>Attribute vocabulary</h3><p>A given Istio deployment has a fixed vocabulary of attributes that it understands.
The specific vocabulary is determined by the set of attribute producers being used
in the deployment. The primary attribute producer in Istio is Envoy, although
specialized Mixer adapters can also generate attributes.</p><p>Learn more about the <a href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/attribute-vocabulary/>common baseline set of attributes available in most Istio deployments</a>.</p><h3 id=attribute-expressions>Attribute expressions</h3><p>Attribute expressions are used when configuring <a href=#instances>instances</a>.
Here&rsquo;s an example use of expressions:</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>destination_service: destination.service.host
response_code: response.code
destination_version: destination.labels[&#34;version&#34;] | &#34;unknown&#34;
</code></pre><p>The sequences on the right-hand side of the colons are the simplest forms of attribute expressions.
The first two only consist of attribute names. The <code>response_code</code> label is assigned the value from the <code>response.code</code> attribute.</p><p>Here&rsquo;s an example of a conditional expression:</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>destination_version: destination.labels[&#34;version&#34;] | &#34;unknown&#34;
</code></pre><p>With the above, the <code>destination_version</code> label is assigned the value of <code>destination.labels["version"]</code>. However if that attribute
is not present, the literal <code>"unknown"</code> is used.</p><p>Refer to the <a href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/expression-language/>attribute expression</a> page for details.</p><h2 id=configuration-model>Configuration model</h2><p>Istio&rsquo;s policy and telemetry features are configured through a common model designed to
put operators in control of every aspect of authorization policy and telemetry collection.
Specific focus was given to keeping the model simple, while being powerful
enough to control Istio&rsquo;s many features at scale.</p><p>Controlling the policy and telemetry features involves configuring three types of resources:</p><ul><li><p>Configuring a set of <em>handlers</em>, which determine the set of adapters that
are being used and how they operate. Providing a <code>statsd</code> adapter with the IP
address for a Statsd backend is an example of handler configuration.</p></li><li><p>Configuring a set of <em>instances</em>, which describe how to map request attributes into adapter inputs.
Instances represent a chunk of data that one or more adapters will operate
on. For example, an operator may decide to generate <code>requestcount</code>
metric instances from attributes such as <code>destination.service.host</code> and
<code>response.code</code>.</p></li><li><p>Configuring a set of <em>rules</em>, which describe when a particular adapter is called and which instances
it is given. Rules consist of a <em>match</em> expression and <em>actions</em>. The match expression controls
when to invoke an adapter, while the actions determine the set of instances to give the adapter.
For example, a rule might send generated <code>requestcount</code> metric instances to a <code>statsd</code> adapter.</p></li></ul><p>Configuration is based on <em>adapters</em> and <em>templates</em>:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Adapters</strong> encapsulate the logic necessary to interface Mixer with a specific infrastructure backend.</p></li><li><p><strong>Templates</strong> define the schema for specifying request mapping from attributes to adapter inputs.
A given adapter may support any number of templates.</p></li></ul><h3 id=handlers>Handlers</h3><p>Adapters encapsulate the logic necessary to interface Mixer with specific external infrastructure
backends such as <a href=https://prometheus.io>Prometheus</a> or <a href=https://cloud.google.com/logging>Stackdriver</a>.
A <em>handler</em> is a resource responsible for holding the configuration state needed by an adapter. For example, a
logging adapter may require the IP address and port of the log collection backend.</p><p>Here is an example showing how to create a handler for an adapter. The <code>listchecker</code> adapter checks an input value against a list.
If the adapter is configured for a whitelist, it returns success if the input value is found in the list.</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>apiVersion: config.istio.io/v1alpha2
kind: handler
metadata:
name: staticversion
namespace: istio-system
spec:
compiledAdapter: listchecker
params:
providerUrl: http://white_list_registry/
blacklist: false
</code></pre><p>The schema of the data in the <code>params</code> stanza depends on the specific adapter being configured.</p><p>Some adapters implement functionality that goes beyond connecting Mixer to a backend.
For example, the <code>prometheus</code> adapter consumes metrics and aggregates them as distributions or counters in a configurable way.</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>apiVersion: config.istio.io/v1alpha2
kind: handler
metadata:
name: promhandler
namespace: istio-system
spec:
compiledAdapter: prometheus
params:
metrics:
- name: request_count
instance_name: requestcount.instance.istio-system
kind: COUNTER
label_names:
- destination_service
- destination_version
- response_code
- name: request_duration
instance_name: requestduration.instance.istio-system
kind: DISTRIBUTION
label_names:
- destination_service
- destination_version
- response_code
buckets:
explicit_buckets:
bounds: [0.005, 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10]
</code></pre><p>Each adapter defines its own particular format of configuration data. Learn more about <a href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/>the full set of
adapters and their specific configuration formats</a>.</p><h3 id=instances>Instances</h3><p>Instance configuration specifies the request mapping from attributes to adapter inputs.
The following is an example of a metric instance configuration that produces the <code>requestduration</code> metric.</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>apiVersion: config.istio.io/v1alpha2
kind: instance
metadata:
name: requestduration
namespace: istio-system
spec:
compiledTemplate: metric
params:
value: response.duration | &#34;0ms&#34;
dimensions:
destination_service: destination.service.host | &#34;unknown&#34;
destination_version: destination.labels[&#34;version&#34;] | &#34;unknown&#34;
response_code: response.code | 200
monitored_resource_type: &#39;&#34;UNSPECIFIED&#34;&#39;
</code></pre><p>Note that all the dimensions expected in the handler configuration are specified in the mapping.
Templates define the specific required content of individual instances. Learn more about the <a href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/>set of
templates and their specific configuration formats</a>.</p><h3 id=rules>Rules</h3><p>Rules specify when a particular handler is invoked with a specific instance.
Consider an example where you want to deliver the <code>requestduration</code> metric to the <code>prometheus</code> handler if
the destination service is <code>service1</code> and the <code>x-user</code> request header has a specific value.</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>apiVersion: config.istio.io/v1alpha2
kind: rule
metadata:
name: promhttp
namespace: istio-system
spec:
match: destination.service.host == &#34;service1.ns.svc.cluster.local&#34; &amp;&amp; request.headers[&#34;x-user&#34;] == &#34;user1&#34;
actions:
- handler: promhandler
instances: [ requestduration ]
</code></pre><p>A rule contains a <code>match</code> predicate expression and a list of actions to perform if the predicate is true.
An action specifies the list of instances to be delivered to a handler.
A rule must use the fully qualified names of handlers and instances.
If the rule, handlers, and instances are all in the same namespace, the namespace suffix can be elided from
the fully qualified name as seen in <code>promhandler</code>.</p><nav id=see-also><h2>See also</h2><div class=see-also><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.5/docs/concepts/observability/>Observability</a></p><p class=desc>Describes the telemetry and monitoring features provided by Istio.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.5/blog/2017/mixer-spof-myth/>Mixer and the SPOF Myth</a></p><p class=desc>Improving availability and reducing latency.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.5/blog/2017/adapter-model/>Mixer Adapter Model</a></p><p class=desc>Provides an overview of Mixer's plug-in architecture.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress_sni_monitoring_and_policies/>Monitoring and Policies for TLS Egress with Mixer (Deprecated)</a></p><p class=desc>Describes how to configure SNI monitoring and apply policies on TLS egress traffic.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.5/blog/2019/app-identity-and-access-adapter/>App Identity and Access Adapter</a></p><p class=desc>Using Istio to secure multi-cloud Kubernetes applications with zero code changes.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.5/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/logs/collecting-logs/>Collecting Logs with Mixer</a></p><p class=desc>This task shows you how to configure Istio's Mixer to collect and customize logs.</p></div></div></nav></article><nav class=pagenav><div class=left></div><div class=right><a title="Describes the base attribute vocabulary used for policy and control." href=/v1.5/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/attribute-vocabulary/>Attribute Vocabulary (Deprecated)<svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.5/img/icons.svg#right-arrow"/></svg></a></div></nav><div id=feedback><div id=feedback-initial>Was this information useful?<br><button class="btn feedback" onclick="sendFeedback('en',1)">Yes</button>
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