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<button id=search-close title="Cancel search" type=reset aria-label="Cancel search"><svg class="icon cancel-x"><use xlink:href="/v1.8/img/icons.svg#cancel-x"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><div class=banner-container></div><main class=primary><div id=sidebar-container class="sidebar-container sidebar-offcanvas"><nav id=sidebar aria-label="Section Navigation"><div class=directory><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card0 title="Blog posts for 2020." aria-controls=card0-body><svg class="icon blog"><use xlink:href="/v1.8/img/icons.svg#blog"/></svg>2020 Posts</button><div class="body default" aria-labelledby=card0 role=region id=card0-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card0><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploy multiple Istio egress gateways independently to have fine-grained control of egress communication from the mesh (December 16, 2020)" href=/v1.8/blog/2020/proxying-legacy-services-using-egress-gateways/>Proxying legacy services using Istio egress gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to enable proxy protocol on AWS NLB and Istio ingress gateway (December 11, 2020)" href=/v1.8/blog/2020/show-source-ip/>Proxy protocol on AWS NLB and Istio ingress gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The inaugural conference for Istio will take place at the end of February (December 8, 2020)" href=/v1.8/blog/2020/istiocon-2021/>Join us for the first IstioCon in 2021!</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to ensure your clusters are not impacted by Docker Hub rate limiting (December 7, 2020)" href=/v1.8/blog/2020/docker-rate-limit/>Handling Docker Hub rate limiting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Workload Local DNS resolution to simplify VM integration, multicluster, and more (November 12, 2020)" href=/v1.8/blog/2020/dns-proxy/>Expanding into New Frontiers - Smart DNS Proxying in Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Announcing the four newest Istio Steering Committee members (September 29, 2020)" href=/v1.8/blog/2020/steering-election-results/>2020 Steering Committee Election Results</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The effect of security policies on latency of requests (September 15, 2020)" href=/v1.8/blog/2020/large-scale-security-policy-performance-tests/>Large Scale Security Policy Performance Tests</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A new deployment model for Istio (August 27, 2020)" href=/v1.8/blog/2020/new-deployment-model/>Deploying Istio Control Planes Outside the Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Istio Steering Committee is now in part proportionally allocated to companies based on contribution, and in part elected by community members (August 24, 2020)" href=/v1.8/blog/2020/steering-changes/>Introducing the new Istio steering committee</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An alternative sidecar proxy for Istio (July 28, 2020)" href=/v1.8/blog/2020/mosn-proxy/>Using MOSN with Istio: an alternative data plane</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An update on trademarks and project governance (July 8, 2020)" href=/v1.8/blog/2020/open-usage/>Open and neutral: transferring our trademarks to the Open Usage Commons</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A new way to manage installation of telemetry addons (June 4, 2020)" href=/v1.8/blog/2020/addon-rework/>Reworking our Addon Integrations</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describing the new functionality of Workload Entries (May 21, 2020)" href=/v1.8/blog/2020/workload-entry/>Introducing Workload Entries</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Simplifying Istio upgrades by offering safe canary deployments of the control plane (May 19, 2020)" href=/v1.8/blog/2020/multiple-control-planes/>Safely Upgrade Istio using a Canary Control Plane Deployment</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configure the IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service Application Load Balancer to direct traffic to the Istio Ingress gateway with mutual TLS (May 15, 2020)" href=/v1.8/blog/2020/alb-ingress-gateway-iks/>Direct encrypted traffic from IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service Ingress to Istio Ingress Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A mechanism to acquire and share an application certificate and key through mounted files (March 25, 2020)" href=/v1.8/blog/2020/proxy-cert/>Provision a certificate and key for an application without sidecars</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Community partner tooling of Wasm for Istio by Solo.io (March 25, 2020)" href=/v1.8/blog/2020/wasmhub-istio/>Extended and Improved WebAssemblyHub to Bring the Power of WebAssembly to Envoy and Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istiod consolidates the Istio control plane components into a single binary (March 19, 2020)" href=/v1.8/blog/2020/istiod/>Introducing istiod: simplifying the control plane</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuring Wasm extensions for Envoy and Istio declaratively (March 16, 2020)" href=/v1.8/blog/2020/deploy-wasm-declarative/>Declarative WebAssembly deployment for Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The future of Istio extensibility using WASM (March 5, 2020)" href=/v1.8/blog/2020/wasm-announce/>Redefining extensibility in proxies - introducing WebAssembly to Envoy and Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A vision statement and roadmap for Istio in 2020 (March 3, 2020)" href=/v1.8/blog/2020/tradewinds-2020/>Istio in 2020 - Following the Trade Winds</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A more secure way to manage secrets (February 20, 2020)" href=/v1.8/blog/2020/istio-agent/>Remove cross-pod unix domain sockets</a></li><li role=none><span role=treeitem class=current title="Automating Istio configuration for Istio deployments (clusters) that work as a single mesh (January 5, 2020)">Multicluster Istio configuration and service discovery using Admiral</span></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card1 title="Blog posts for 2019." aria-controls=card1-body><svg class="icon blog"><use xlink:href="/v1.8/img/icons.svg#blog"/></svg>2019 Posts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card1 role=region id=card1-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card1><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A more secure way to manage Istio webhooks (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.8/blog/2019/webhook/>Secure Webhook Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Analyze your Istio configuration to detect potential issues and get general insights (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.8/blog/2019/introducing-istioctl-analyze/>Introducing istioctl analyze</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduction to Istio's new operator-based installation and control plane management feature (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.8/blog/2019/introducing-istio-operator/>Introducing the Istio Operator</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduction, motivation and design principles for the Istio v1beta1 Authorization Policy (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.8/blog/2019/v1beta1-authorization-policy/>Introducing the Istio v1beta1 Authorization Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Getting programmatic access to Istio resources (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.8/blog/2019/announcing-istio-client-go/>Announcing Istio client-go</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provision and manage DNS certificates in Istio (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.8/blog/2019/dns-cert/>DNS Certificate Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configure Istio ingress gateway to act as a proxy for external services (October 15, 2019)" href=/v1.8/blog/2019/proxy/>Istio as a Proxy for External Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploy environments that require isolation into separate meshes and enable inter-mesh communication by mesh federation (October 2, 2019)" href=/v1.8/blog/2019/isolated-clusters/>Multi-Mesh Deployments for Isolation and Boundary Protection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How can you use Istio to monitor blocked and passthrough external traffic (September 28, 2019)" href=/v1.8/blog/2019/monitoring-external-service-traffic/>Monitoring Blocked and Passthrough External Service Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Demonstrates a Mixer out-of-process adapter which implements the Knative scale-from-zero logic (September 18, 2019)" href=/v1.8/blog/2019/knative-activator-adapter/>Mixer Adapter for Knative</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Using Istio to secure multi-cloud Kubernetes applications with zero code changes (September 18, 2019)" href=/v1.8/blog/2019/app-identity-and-access-adapter/>App Identity and Access Adapter</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Taking advantage of Kubernetes trustworthy JWTs to issue certificates for workload instances more securely (September 10, 2019)" href=/v1.8/blog/2019/trustworthy-jwt-sds/>Change in Secret Discovery Service in Istio 1.3</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The design principles behind Istio's APIs and how those APIs are evolving (August 5, 2019)" href=/v1.8/blog/2019/evolving-istios-apis/>The Evolution of Istio's APIs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Comparison of alternative solutions to control egress traffic including performance considerations (July 22, 2019)" href=/v1.8/blog/2019/egress-traffic-control-in-istio-part-3/>Secure Control of Egress Traffic in Istio, part 3</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Use Istio Egress Traffic Control to prevent attacks involving egress traffic (July 10, 2019)" href=/v1.8/blog/2019/egress-traffic-control-in-istio-part-2/>Secure Control of Egress Traffic in Istio, part 2</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Tools and guidance for evaluating Istio's data plane performance (July 9, 2019)" href=/v1.8/blog/2019/performance-best-practices/>Best Practices: Benchmarking Service Mesh Performance</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to extend the lifetime of Istio self-signed root certificate (June 7, 2019)" href=/v1.8/blog/2019/root-transition/>Extending Istio Self-Signed Root Certificate Lifetime</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Attacks involving egress traffic and requirements for egress traffic control (May 22, 2019)" href=/v1.8/blog/2019/egress-traffic-control-in-istio-part-1/>Secure Control of Egress Traffic in Istio, part 1</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An overview of Istio 1.1 performance (March 19, 2019)" href=/v1.8/blog/2019/istio1.1_perf/>Architecting Istio 1.1 for Performance</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuring Istio route rules in a multicluster service mesh (February 7, 2019)" href=/v1.8/blog/2019/multicluster-version-routing/>Version Routing in a Multicluster Service Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Announces the new Istio blog policy (February 5, 2019)" href=/v1.8/blog/2019/sail-the-blog/>Sail the Blog!</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Verifies the performance impact of adding an egress gateway (January 31, 2019)" href=/v1.8/blog/2019/egress-performance/>Egress Gateway Performance Investigation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="De-mystify how Istio manages to plugin its data-plane components into an existing deployment (January 31, 2019)" href=/v1.8/blog/2019/data-plane-setup/>Demystifying Istio's Sidecar Injection Model</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Addressing application startup ordering and startup latency using AppSwitch (January 14, 2019)" href=/v1.8/blog/2019/appswitch/>Sidestepping Dependency Ordering with AppSwitch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio has a new discussion board (January 10, 2019)" href=/v1.8/blog/2019/announcing-discuss.istio.io/>Announcing discuss.istio.io</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to deploy a custom ingress gateway using cert-manager manually (January 10, 2019)" href=/v1.8/blog/2019/custom-ingress-gateway/>Deploy a Custom Ingress Gateway Using Cert-Manager</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card2 title="Blog posts for 2018." aria-controls=card2-body><svg class="icon blog"><use xlink:href="/v1.8/img/icons.svg#blog"/></svg>2018 Posts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card2 role=region id=card2-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card2><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to use Istio for traffic management without deploying sidecar proxies (November 21, 2018)" href=/v1.8/blog/2018/incremental-traffic-management/>Incremental Istio Part 1, Traffic Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes a simple scenario based on Istio's Bookinfo example (November 16, 2018)" href=/v1.8/blog/2018/egress-mongo/>Consuming External MongoDB Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio hosting an all day Twitch stream to celebrate the 1.0 release (August 3, 2018)" href=/v1.8/blog/2018/istio-twitch-stream/>All Day Istio Twitch Stream</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How HP is building its next-generation footwear personalization platform on Istio (July 31, 2018)" href=/v1.8/blog/2018/hp/>Istio a Game Changer for HP's FitStation Platform</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Automatic application onboarding and latency optimizations using AppSwitch (July 30, 2018)" href=/v1.8/blog/2018/delayering-istio/>Delayering Istio with AppSwitch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describe Istio's authorization feature and how to use it in various use cases (July 20, 2018)" href=/v1.8/blog/2018/istio-authorization/>Micro-Segmentation with Istio Authorization</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to export Istio Access Logs to different sinks like BigQuery, GCS, Pub/Sub through Stackdriver (July 9, 2018)" href=/v1.8/blog/2018/export-logs-through-stackdriver/>Exporting Logs to BigQuery, GCS, Pub/Sub through Stackdriver</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio for monitoring and access policies of HTTP egress traffic (June 22, 2018)" href=/v1.8/blog/2018/egress-monitoring-access-control/>Monitoring and Access Policies for HTTP Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduction, motivation and design principles for the Istio v1alpha3 routing API (April 25, 2018)" href=/v1.8/blog/2018/v1alpha3-routing/>Introducing the Istio v1alpha3 routing API</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio ingress with a network load balancer on AWS (April 20, 2018)" href=/v1.8/blog/2018/aws-nlb/>Configuring Istio Ingress with AWS NLB</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Using Kubernetes namespaces and RBAC to create an Istio soft multi-tenancy environment (April 19, 2018)" href=/v1.8/blog/2018/soft-multitenancy/>Istio Soft Multi-Tenancy Support</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An introduction to safer, lower-risk deployments and release to production (February 8, 2018)" href=/v1.8/blog/2018/traffic-mirroring/>Traffic Mirroring with Istio for Testing in Production</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes a simple scenario based on Istio's Bookinfo example (February 6, 2018)" href=/v1.8/blog/2018/egress-tcp/>Consuming External TCP Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes a simple scenario based on Istio's Bookinfo example (January 31, 2018)" href=/v1.8/blog/2018/egress-https/>Consuming External Web Services</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card3 title="Blog posts for 2017." aria-controls=card3-body><svg class="icon blog"><use xlink:href="/v1.8/img/icons.svg#blog"/></svg>2017 Posts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card3 role=region id=card3-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card3><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Improving availability and reducing latency (December 7, 2017)" href=/v1.8/blog/2017/mixer-spof-myth/>Mixer and the SPOF Myth</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provides an overview of Mixer's plug-in architecture (November 3, 2017)" href=/v1.8/blog/2017/adapter-model/>Mixer Adapter Model</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How Kubernetes Network Policy relates to Istio policy (August 10, 2017)" href=/v1.8/blog/2017/0.1-using-network-policy/>Using Network Policy with Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Using Istio to create autoscaled canary deployments (June 14, 2017)" href=/v1.8/blog/2017/0.1-canary/>Canary Deployments using Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Authentication 0.1 announcement (May 25, 2017)" href=/v1.8/blog/2017/0.1-auth/>Using Istio to Improve End-to-End Security</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav></div><div class=article-container><button tabindex=-1 id=sidebar-toggler title="Toggle the navigation bar"><svg class="icon pull"><use xlink:href="/v1.8/img/icons.svg#pull"/></svg></button><nav aria-label=Breadcrumb><ol><li><a href=/v1.8/ title="Connect, secure, control, and observe services.">Istio</a></li><li><a href=/v1.8/blog/ title="Posts about using Istio.">Blog</a></li><li><a href=/v1.8/blog/2020/ title="Blog posts for 2020.">2020 Posts</a></li><li>Multicluster Istio configuration and service discovery using Admiral</li></ol></nav><article aria-labelledby=title><div class=title-area><div style=width:100%><h1 id=title>Multicluster Istio configuration and service discovery using Admiral</h1><p class=subtitle>Configuration automation for Istio multicluster deployments</p><p class=byline><span>By</span>
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<span class=attribution>Anil Attuluri (Intuit), Jason Webb (Intuit)</span><span> | </span><span><svg class="icon calendar"><use xlink:href="/v1.8/img/icons.svg#calendar"/></svg><span> </span>January 5, 2020</span><span> | </span><span title="1102 words"><svg class="icon clock"><use xlink:href="/v1.8/img/icons.svg#clock"/></svg><span> </span>6 minute read</span>
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<span></span></p></div></div><nav class=toc-inlined aria-label="Table of Contents"><div><hr><ol><li role=none aria-label=Background><a href=#background>Background</a><li role=none aria-label="Contextual Configuration"><a href=#contextual-configuration>Contextual Configuration</a><li role=none aria-label="Admiral to the Rescue: Admiral is that Automation"><a href=#admiral-to-the-rescue-admiral-is-that-automation>Admiral to the Rescue: Admiral is that Automation</a><li role=none aria-label="Admiral CRDs"><a href=#admiral-crds>Admiral CRDs</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Global Traffic Routing"><a href=#global-traffic-routing>Global Traffic Routing</a><li role=none aria-label=Dependency><a href=#dependency>Dependency</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label=Summary><a href=#summary>Summary</a><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol><hr></div></nav><div><aside class="callout warning"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.8/img/icons.svg#callout-warning"/></svg></div><div class=content>This blog post was written assuming Istio 1.5, so some of this content may now be outdated.</div></aside></div><p>At Intuit, we read the blog post <a href=/v1.8/blog/2019/isolated-clusters/>Multi-Mesh Deployments for Isolation and Boundary Protection</a> and immediately related to some of the problems mentioned.
|
||
We realized that even though we wanted to configure a single multi-cluster mesh, instead of a federation of multiple meshes
|
||
as described in the blog post, the same non-uniform naming issues also applied in our environment.
|
||
This blog post explains how we solved these problems using <a href=https://github.com/istio-ecosystem/admiral>Admiral</a>, an open source project under <code>istio-ecosystem</code> in GitHub.</p><h2 id=background>Background</h2><p>Using Istio, we realized the configuration for multi-cluster was complex and challenging to maintain over time. As a result, we chose the model described in <a href=https://istio.io/v1.6/docs/setup/install/multicluster/gateways/#deploy-the-istio-control-plane-in-each-cluster>Multi-Cluster Istio Service Mesh with replicated control planes</a> for scalability and other operational reasons. Following this model, we had to solve these key requirements before widely adopting an Istio service mesh:</p><ul><li>Creation of service DNS entries decoupled from the namespace, as described in <a href=/v1.8/blog/2019/isolated-clusters/#features-of-multi-mesh-deployments>Features of multi-mesh deployments</a>.</li><li>Service discovery across many clusters.</li><li>Supporting active-active & HA/DR deployments. We also had to support these crucial resiliency patterns with services being deployed in globally unique namespaces across discrete clusters.</li></ul><p>We have over 160 Kubernetes clusters with a globally unique namespace name across all clusters. In this configuration, we can have the same service workload deployed in different regions running in namespaces with different names. As a result, following the routing strategy mentioned in <a href=/v1.8/blog/2019/multicluster-version-routing>Multicluster version routing</a>, the example name <code>foo.namespace.global</code> wouldn’t work across clusters. We needed a globally unique and discoverable service DNS that resolves service instances in multiple clusters, each instance running/addressable with its own unique Kubernetes FQDN. For example, <code>foo.global</code> should resolve to both <code>foo.uswest2.svc.cluster.local</code> & <code>foo.useast2.svc.cluster.local</code> if <code>foo</code> is running in two Kubernetes clusters with different names.
|
||
Also, our services need additional DNS names with different resolution and global routing properties. For example, <code>foo.global</code> should resolve locally first, then route to a remote instance using topology routing, while <code>foo-west.global</code> and <code>foo-east.global</code> (names used for testing) should always resolve to the respective regions.</p><h2 id=contextual-configuration>Contextual Configuration</h2><p>After further investigation, it was apparent that configuration needed to be contextual: each cluster needs a configuration specifically tailored for its view of the world.</p><p>For example, we have a payments service consumed by orders and reports. The payments service has a HA/DR deployment across <code>us-east</code> (cluster 3) and <code>us-west</code> (cluster 2). The payments service is deployed in namespaces with different names in each region. The orders service is deployed in a different cluster as payments in <code>us-west</code> (cluster 1). The reports service is deployed in the same cluster as payments in <code>us-west</code> (cluster 2).</p><figure style=width:75%><div class=wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio style=padding-bottom:60.81558869142712%><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.8/blog/2020/multi-cluster-mesh-automation/Istio_mesh_example.svg title="Cross cluster workload communication with Istio"><img class=element-to-stretch src=/v1.8/blog/2020/multi-cluster-mesh-automation/Istio_mesh_example.svg alt="Example of calling a workload in Istio multicluster"></a></div><figcaption>Cross cluster workload communication with Istio</figcaption></figure><p>Istio <code>ServiceEntry</code> yaml for payments service in Cluster 1 and Cluster 2 below illustrates the contextual configuration that other services need to use the payments service:</p><p>Cluster 1 Service Entry</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
||
kind: ServiceEntry
|
||
metadata:
|
||
name: payments.global-se
|
||
spec:
|
||
addresses:
|
||
- 240.0.0.10
|
||
endpoints:
|
||
- address: ef394f...us-east-2.elb.amazonaws.com
|
||
locality: us-east-2
|
||
ports:
|
||
http: 15443
|
||
- address: ad38bc...us-west-2.elb.amazonaws.com
|
||
locality: us-west-2
|
||
ports:
|
||
http: 15443
|
||
hosts:
|
||
- payments.global
|
||
location: MESH_INTERNAL
|
||
ports:
|
||
- name: http
|
||
number: 80
|
||
protocol: http
|
||
resolution: DNS
|
||
</code></pre><p>Cluster 2 Service Entry</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
||
kind: ServiceEntry
|
||
metadata:
|
||
name: payments.global-se
|
||
spec:
|
||
addresses:
|
||
- 240.0.0.10
|
||
endpoints:
|
||
- address: ef39xf...us-east-2.elb.amazonaws.com
|
||
locality: us-east-2
|
||
ports:
|
||
http: 15443
|
||
- address: payments.default.svc.cluster.local
|
||
locality: us-west-2
|
||
ports:
|
||
http: 80
|
||
hosts:
|
||
- payments.global
|
||
location: MESH_INTERNAL
|
||
ports:
|
||
- name: http
|
||
number: 80
|
||
protocol: http
|
||
resolution: DNS
|
||
</code></pre><p>The payments <code>ServiceEntry</code> (Istio CRD) from the point of view of the reports service in Cluster 2, would set the locality <code>us-west</code> pointing to the local Kubernetes FQDN and locality <code>us-east</code> pointing to the <code>istio-ingressgateway</code> (load balancer) for Cluster 3.
|
||
The payments <code>ServiceEntry</code> from the point of view of the orders service in Cluster 1, will set the locality <code>us-west</code> pointing to Cluster 2 <code>istio-ingressgateway</code> and locality <code>us-east</code> pointing to the <code>istio-ingressgateway</code> for Cluster 3.</p><p>But wait, there’s even more complexity: What if the payment services want to move traffic to the <code>us-east</code> region for a planned maintenance in <code>us-west</code>? This would require the payments service to change the Istio configuration in all of their clients’ clusters. This would be nearly impossible to do without automation.</p><h2 id=admiral-to-the-rescue-admiral-is-that-automation>Admiral to the Rescue: Admiral is that Automation</h2><p><em>Admiral is a controller of Istio control planes.</em></p><figure style=width:75%><div class=wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio style=padding-bottom:69.43866943866944%><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.8/blog/2020/multi-cluster-mesh-automation/Istio_mesh_example_with_admiral.svg title="Cross cluster workload communication with Istio and Admiral"><img class=element-to-stretch src=/v1.8/blog/2020/multi-cluster-mesh-automation/Istio_mesh_example_with_admiral.svg alt="Example of calling a workload in Istio multicluster with Admiral"></a></div><figcaption>Cross cluster workload communication with Istio and Admiral</figcaption></figure><p>Admiral provides automatic configuration for an Istio mesh spanning multiple clusters to work as a single mesh based on a unique service identifier that associates workloads running on multiple clusters to a service. It also provides automatic provisioning and syncing of Istio configuration across clusters. This removes the burden on developers and mesh operators, which helps scale beyond a few clusters.</p><h2 id=admiral-crds>Admiral CRDs</h2><h3 id=global-traffic-routing>Global Traffic Routing</h3><p>With Admiral’s global traffic policy CRD, the payments service can update regional traffic weights and Admiral updates the Istio configuration in all clusters that consume the payments service.</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>apiVersion: admiral.io/v1alpha1
|
||
kind: GlobalTrafficPolicy
|
||
metadata:
|
||
name: payments-gtp
|
||
spec:
|
||
selector:
|
||
identity: payments
|
||
policy:
|
||
- dns: default.payments.global
|
||
lbType: 1
|
||
target:
|
||
- region: us-west-2/*
|
||
weight: 10
|
||
- region: us-east-2/*
|
||
weight: 90
|
||
</code></pre><p>In the example above, 90% of the payments service traffic is routed to the <code>us-east</code> region. This Global Traffic Configuration is automatically converted into Istio configuration and contextually mapped into Kubernetes clusters to enable multi-cluster global routing for the payments service for its clients within the Mesh.</p><p>This Global Traffic Routing feature relies on Istio’s locality load-balancing per service available in Istio 1.5 or later.</p><h3 id=dependency>Dependency</h3><p>The Admiral <code>Dependency</code> CRD allows us to specify a service’s dependencies based on a service identifier. This optimizes the delivery of Admiral generated configuration only to the required clusters where the dependent clients of a service are running (instead of writing it to all clusters). Admiral also configures and/or updates the Sidecar Istio CRD in the client’s workload namespace to limit the Istio configuration to only its dependencies. We use service-to-service authorization information recorded elsewhere to generate this <code>dependency</code> records for Admiral to use.</p><p>An example <code>dependency</code> for the <code>orders</code> service:</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>apiVersion: admiral.io/v1alpha1
|
||
kind: Dependency
|
||
metadata:
|
||
name: dependency
|
||
namespace: admiral
|
||
spec:
|
||
source: orders
|
||
identityLabel: identity
|
||
destinations:
|
||
- payments
|
||
</code></pre><p><code>Dependency</code> is optional and a missing dependency for a service will result in an Istio configuration for that service pushed to all clusters.</p><h2 id=summary>Summary</h2><p>Admiral provides a new Global Traffic Routing and unique service naming functionality to address some challenges posed by the Istio model described in <a href=https://istio.io/v1.6/docs/setup/install/multicluster/gateways/#deploy-the-istio-control-plane-in-each-cluster>multi-cluster deployment with replicated control planes</a>. It removes the need for manual configuration synchronization between clusters and generates contextual configuration for each cluster. This makes it possible to operate a Service Mesh composed of many Kubernetes clusters.</p><p>We think Istio/Service Mesh community would benefit from this approach, so we <a href=https://github.com/istio-ecosystem/admiral>open sourced Admiral</a> and would love your feedback and support!</p><nav id=see-also><h2>See also</h2><div class=see-also><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.8/blog/2019/isolated-clusters/>Multi-Mesh Deployments for Isolation and Boundary Protection</a></p><p class=desc>Deploy environments that require isolation into separate meshes and enable inter-mesh communication by mesh federation.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.8/blog/2020/proxying-legacy-services-using-egress-gateways/>Proxying legacy services using Istio egress gateways</a></p><p class=desc>Deploy multiple Istio egress gateways independently to have fine-grained control of egress communication from the mesh.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.8/blog/2019/egress-traffic-control-in-istio-part-3/>Secure Control of Egress Traffic in Istio, part 3</a></p><p class=desc>Comparison of alternative solutions to control egress traffic including performance considerations.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.8/blog/2019/egress-traffic-control-in-istio-part-2/>Secure Control of Egress Traffic in Istio, part 2</a></p><p class=desc>Use Istio Egress Traffic Control to prevent attacks involving egress traffic.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.8/blog/2019/multicluster-version-routing/>Version Routing in a Multicluster Service Mesh</a></p><p class=desc>Configuring Istio route rules in a multicluster service mesh.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.8/blog/2018/incremental-traffic-management/>Incremental Istio Part 1, Traffic Management</a></p><p class=desc>How to use Istio for traffic management without deploying sidecar proxies.</p></div></div></nav></article><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="A more secure way to manage secrets." href=/v1.8/blog/2020/istio-agent/><svg class="icon left-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.8/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>Remove cross-pod unix domain sockets</a></div><div class=right></div></nav><div id=feedback><div id=feedback-initial>Was this information useful?<br><button class="btn feedback" onclick="sendFeedback('en',1)">Yes</button>
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