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<a tabindex=-1 role=menuitem href=https://istio.io/archive>Older Releases</a></div></div><button id=search-show title="Search this site" aria-label=Search><svg class="icon magnifier"><use xlink:href="/v1.8/img/icons.svg#magnifier"/></svg></button></div><form id=search-form name=cse role=search><input type=hidden name=cx value=002184991200833970123:iwwf17ikgf4>
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<button id=search-close title="Cancel search" type=reset aria-label="Cancel search"><svg class="icon cancel-x"><use xlink:href="/v1.8/img/icons.svg#cancel-x"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><div class=banner-container></div><main class=primary><div id=sidebar-container class="sidebar-container sidebar-offcanvas"><nav id=sidebar aria-label="Section Navigation"><div class=directory><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card17 title="Learn about the different parts of the Istio system and the abstractions it uses." aria-controls=card17-body><svg class="icon concepts"><use xlink:href="/v1.8/img/icons.svg#concepts"/></svg>Concepts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card17 role=region id=card17-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card17><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduces Istio, the problems it solves, its high-level architecture, and its design goals." href=/v1.8/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/>What is Istio?</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the various Istio features focused on traffic routing and control." href=/v1.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality." href=/v1.8/docs/concepts/security/>Security</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the telemetry and monitoring features provided by Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/concepts/observability/>Observability</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's WebAssembly Plugin system." href=/v1.8/docs/concepts/wasm/>Extensibility</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card40 title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes." aria-controls=card40-body><svg class="icon setup"><use xlink:href="/v1.8/img/icons.svg#setup"/></svg>Setup</button><div class="body default" aria-labelledby=card40 role=region id=card40-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card40><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Try Istio’s features quickly and easily." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/getting-started/>Getting Started</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Platform Setup"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="How to prepare various Kubernetes platforms before installing Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/platform-setup/>Platform Setup</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Alibaba Cloud Kubernetes cluster for Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/platform-setup/alicloud/>Alibaba Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Azure cluster for Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/platform-setup/azure/>Azure</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup Docker Desktop for Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/platform-setup/docker/>Docker Desktop</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a Google Kubernetes Engine cluster for Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/platform-setup/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an IBM Cloud cluster for Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/platform-setup/ibm/>IBM Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup kind for Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/platform-setup/kind/>kind</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup Kops for use with Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/platform-setup/kops/>Kops</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a Gardener cluster for Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/platform-setup/gardener/>Kubernetes Gardener</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a KubeSphere Container Platform for Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/platform-setup/kubesphere/>KubeSphere Container Platform</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup MicroK8s for use with Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/platform-setup/microk8s/>MicroK8s</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup minikube for Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/platform-setup/minikube/>Minikube</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OpenShift cluster for Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/platform-setup/openshift/>OpenShift</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OKE cluster for Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/platform-setup/oci/>Oracle Cloud Infrastructure</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Install><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Choose the guide that best suits your needs and platform." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/install/>Install</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and customize any Istio configuration profile for in-depth evaluation or production use." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/install/istioctl/>Install with Istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio in a Kubernetes cluster using the Istio operator." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/install/operator/>Istio Operator Install</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and configure Istio for in-depth evaluation." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/install/helm/>Install with Helm</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Install Multicluster"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/install/multicluster/>Install Multicluster</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Initial steps before installing Istio on multiple clusters." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/install/multicluster/before-you-begin/>Before you begin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple primary clusters." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/install/multicluster/multi-primary/>Install Multi-Primary</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across primary and remote clusters." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/install/multicluster/primary-remote/>Install Primary-Remote</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple primary clusters on different networks." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/install/multicluster/multi-primary_multi-network/>Install Multi-Primary on different networks</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across primary and remote clusters on different networks." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/install/multicluster/primary-remote_multi-network/>Install Primary-Remote on different networks</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Verify that Istio has been installed properly on multiple clusters." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/install/multicluster/verify/>Verify the installation</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploy Istio and connect a workload running within a virtual machine to it." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/install/virtual-machine/>Virtual Machine Installation</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Upgrade><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Upgrade, downgrade, and manage Istio accross multiple control plane revisions." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/upgrade/>Upgrade</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Upgrade Istio by first running a canary deployment of a new control plane." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/upgrade/canary/>Canary Upgrades</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Upgrade or downgrade Istio in place." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/upgrade/in-place/>In-place Upgrades</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuring and upgrading Istio with gateways." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/upgrade/gateways/>Managing Gateways with Multiple Revisions [experimental]</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="More Guides"><button class=show aria-hidden=true></button><a title="More information on additional setup tasks." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/additional-setup/>More Guides</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the built-in Istio installation configuration profiles." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/additional-setup/config-profiles/>Installation Configuration Profiles</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/>Installing the Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><span role=treeitem class=current title="Install and use Istio with the Istio CNI plugin, allowing operators to deploy services with lower privilege.">Install Istio with the Istio CNI plugin</span></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an external control plane and remote cluster." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/additional-setup/external-controlplane/>Install Istio with an External Control Plane</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card73 title="How to do single specific targeted activities with the Istio system." aria-controls=card73-body><svg class="icon tasks"><use xlink:href="/v1.8/img/icons.svg#tasks"/></svg>Tasks</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card73 role=region id=card73-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card73><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Tasks that demonstrate Istio's traffic routing features." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing to multiple versions of a microservice." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing/>Request Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to inject faults to test the resiliency of your application." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection/>Fault Injection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting/>Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate TCP traffic from an old to new version of a TCP service." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/tcp-traffic-shifting/>TCP Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts/>Request Timeouts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure circuit breaking for connections, requests, and outlier detection." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking/>Circuit Breaking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task demonstrates the traffic mirroring/shadowing capabilities of Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring/>Mirroring</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Ingress><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling ingress traffic for an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/>Ingress</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Istio gateway to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-control/>Ingress Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Expose a service outside of the service mesh over TLS or mTLS." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/secure-ingress/>Secure Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI passthrough for an ingress gateway." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-sni-passthrough/>Ingress Gateway without TLS Termination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure a Kubernetes Ingress object to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/kubernetes-ingress/>Kubernetes Ingress</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure the Kubernetes Service APIs with Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/service-apis/>Kubernetes Service APIs [Experimental]</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Egress><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling egress traffic for an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/>Egress</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-control/>Accessing External Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to perform TLS origination for traffic to external services." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-tls-origination/>Egress TLS Origination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to direct traffic to external services through a dedicated gateway." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-gateway/>Egress Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Egress Gateway to perform TLS origination to external services using Secret Discovery Service." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-gateway-tls-origination-sds/>Egress Gateways with TLS Origination (SDS)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Egress Gateway to perform TLS origination to external services using file mount certificates." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-gateway-tls-origination/>Egress Gateways with TLS Origination (File Mount)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to enable egress traffic for a set of hosts in a common domain, instead of configuring each and every host separately." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/wildcard-egress-hosts/>Egress using Wildcard Hosts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to configure Istio for Kubernetes External Services." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-kubernetes-services/>Kubernetes Services for Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to let applications use an external HTTPS proxy." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/http-proxy/>Using an External HTTPS Proxy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to secure the mesh." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label="Certificate Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Management of the certificates in Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/security/cert-management/>Certificate Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how system administrators can configure Istio's CA with a root certificate, signing certificate and key." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/security/cert-management/plugin-ca-cert/>Plug in CA Certificates</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to provision and manage DNS certificates in Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/security/cert-management/dns-cert/>Istio DNS Certificate Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to use a Custom Certificate Authority (that integrates with the Kubernetes CSR API) to provision Istio workload certificates." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/security/cert-management/custom-ca-k8s/>Custom CA Integration using Kubernetes CSR [experimental]</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Authentication><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling mutual TLS and end-user authentication for mesh services." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/security/authentication/>Authentication</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use Istio authentication policy to setup mutual TLS and basic end-user authentication." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/security/authentication/authn-policy/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to incrementally migrate your Istio services to mutual TLS." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/security/authentication/mtls-migration/>Mutual TLS Migration</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Authorization><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Shows how to control access to Istio services." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/security/authorization/>Authorization</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up access control for HTTP traffic." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-http/>Authorization for HTTP traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to set up access control for TCP traffic." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-tcp/>Authorization for TCP traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to set up access control with JWT in Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-jwt/>Authorization with JWT</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up access control to deny traffic explicitly." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-deny/>Authorization policies with a deny action</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to set up access control on an ingress gateway." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-ingress/>Authorization on Ingress Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to migrate from one trust domain to another without changing authorization policy." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-td-migration/>Authorization Policy Trust Domain Migration</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Observability><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to collect telemetry information from the mesh." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/observability/>Observability</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label=Metrics><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the collection and querying of metrics within Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/>Metrics</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/tcp-metrics/>Collecting Metrics for TCP Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to customize the Istio metrics." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/customize-metrics/>Customizing Istio Metrics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to improve telemetry by grouping requests and responses by their type." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/classify-metrics/>Classifying Metrics Based on Request or Response (Experimental)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/querying-metrics/>Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/using-istio-dashboard/>Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Logs><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the collection of logs within Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/observability/logs/>Logs</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Envoy proxies to print access logs to their standard output." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/observability/logs/access-log/>Getting Envoy's Access Logs</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Distributed Tracing"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio-enabled applications to collect trace spans." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/>Distributed Tracing</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Overview of distributed tracing in Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/overview/>Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Jaeger." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/jaeger/>Jaeger</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Lightstep." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/lightstep/>Lightstep</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure tracing options (beta/development)." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/configurability/>Configurability (Beta/Development)</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to visualize your services within an Istio mesh." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/observability/kiali/>Visualizing Your Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure external access to the set of Istio telemetry addons." href=/v1.8/docs/tasks/observability/gateways/>Remotely Accessing Telemetry Addons</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card94 title="A variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with." aria-controls=card94-body><svg class="icon examples"><use xlink:href="/v1.8/img/icons.svg#examples"/></svg>Examples</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card94 role=region id=card94-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card94><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices used to demonstrate various Istio features." href=/v1.8/docs/examples/bookinfo/>Bookinfo Application</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Virtual Machines"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Examples that add workloads running on virtual machines to an Istio mesh." href=/v1.8/docs/examples/virtual-machines/>Virtual Machines</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to add a service running on a virtual machine to your single-network Istio mesh." href=/v1.8/docs/examples/virtual-machines/single-network/>Example Application using Virtual Machines in a Single Network Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to add a service running on a virtual machine to your multi-network Istio mesh." href=/v1.8/docs/examples/virtual-machines/multi-network/>Virtual Machines in Multi-Network Meshes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Run the Bookinfo application with a MySQL service running on a virtual machine within your mesh." href=/v1.8/docs/examples/virtual-machines/bookinfo/>Bookinfo with a Virtual Machine</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Learn Microservices using Kubernetes and Istio"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="This modular tutorial provides new users with hands-on experience using Istio for common microservices scenarios, one step at a time." href=/v1.8/docs/examples/microservices-istio/>Learn Microservices using Kubernetes and Istio</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/examples/microservices-istio/prereq/>Prerequisites</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/examples/microservices-istio/setup-kubernetes-cluster/>Setup a Kubernetes Cluster</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/examples/microservices-istio/setup-local-computer/>Setup a Local Computer</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/examples/microservices-istio/single/>Run a Microservice Locally</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/examples/microservices-istio/package-service/>Run ratings in Docker</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/examples/microservices-istio/bookinfo-kubernetes/>Run Bookinfo with Kubernetes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/examples/microservices-istio/production-testing/>Test in production</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/examples/microservices-istio/add-new-microservice-version/>Add a new version of reviews</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/examples/microservices-istio/add-istio/>Enable Istio on productpage</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/examples/microservices-istio/enable-istio-all-microservices/>Enable Istio on all the microservices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/examples/microservices-istio/istio-ingress-gateway/>Configure Istio Ingress Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/examples/microservices-istio/logs-istio/>Monitoring with Istio</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card118 title="Concepts, tools, and techniques to deploy and manage an Istio mesh." aria-controls=card118-body><svg class="icon guide"><use xlink:href="/v1.8/img/icons.svg#guide"/></svg>Operations</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card118 role=region id=card118-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card118><li role=treeitem aria-label=Deployment><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Requirements, concepts, and considerations for setting up an Istio deployment." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/deployment/>Deployment</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's high-level architecture and design goals." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/deployment/architecture/>Architecture</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the options and considerations when configuring your Istio deployment." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/deployment/deployment-models/>Deployment Models</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio performance and scalability summary." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/deployment/performance-and-scalability/>Performance and Scalability</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Requirements of applications deployed in an Istio-enabled cluster." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/deployment/requirements/>Application Requirements</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Configuration><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Advanced concepts and features for configuring a running Istio mesh." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/configuration/>Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label="Mesh Configuration"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the global mesh configuration." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/>Mesh Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provides a general overview of Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks and the related issues that can arise." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/webhook/>Dynamic Admission Webhooks Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to wait to apply mesh configuration until a resource reaches a given status or readiness." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/config-resource-ready/>Wait for Resource Status to Apply Configuration</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for automatic sidecar injection." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/injection-concepts/>Automatic Sidecar Injection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to do health checking for Istio services." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/app-health-check/>Health Checking of Istio Services</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the networking aspects of a running mesh." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to specify protocols." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/protocol-selection/>Protocol Selection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to enable and understand Locality Load Balancing." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/locality-load-balancing/>Locality Load Balancing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure TLS settings to secure network traffic." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/tls-configuration/>TLS Configuration</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure gateway network topology." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/network-topologies/>Configuring Gateway Network Topology [experimental]</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the security aspects of a running mesh." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/configuration/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Use hardened container images to reduce Istio's attack surface." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/configuration/security/harden-docker-images/>Harden Docker Container Images</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to extend the lifetime of the Istio self-signed root certificate." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/configuration/security/root-transition/>Extending Self-Signed Certificate Lifetime</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Observability><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage telemetry collection and visualization in a running mesh." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/>Observability</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Fine-grained control of Envoy statistics." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/envoy-stats/>Envoy Statistics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configure Prometheus to monitor multicluster Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/monitoring-multicluster-prometheus/>Monitoring Multicluster Istio with Prometheus</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Best Practices"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Best practices for setting up and managing an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/best-practices/>Best Practices</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="General best practices when setting up an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/best-practices/deployment/>Deployment Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration best practices to avoid networking or traffic management issues." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/best-practices/traffic-management/>Traffic Management Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Best practices for securing applications using Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/best-practices/security/>Security Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Best practices for observing applications using Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/best-practices/observability/>Observability Best Practices</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Common Problems"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to identify and resolve common problems in Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/common-problems/>Common Problems</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Techniques to address common Istio traffic management and network problems." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/common-problems/network-issues/>Traffic Management Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Techniques to address common Istio authentication, authorization, and general security-related problems." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/common-problems/security-issues/>Security Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Dealing with telemetry collection issues." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/common-problems/observability-issues/>Observability Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Resolve common problems with Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for automatic sidecar injection." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/common-problems/injection/>Sidecar Injection Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to resolve configuration validation problems." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/common-problems/validation/>Configuration Validation Problems</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Diagnostic Tools"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Tools and techniques to help troubleshoot an Istio mesh." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/>Diagnostic Tools</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio includes a supplemental tool that provides debugging and diagnosis for Istio service mesh deployments." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl/>Using the Istioctl Command-line Tool</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes tools and techniques to diagnose Envoy configuration issues related to traffic management." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/proxy-cmd/>Debugging Envoy and Istiod</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use istioctl describe to verify the configurations of a pod in your mesh." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl-describe/>Understand your Mesh with Istioctl Describe</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use istioctl analyze to identify potential issues with your configuration." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl-analyze/>Diagnose your Configuration with Istioctl Analyze</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to use ControlZ to get insight into a running istiod component." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/controlz/>Istiod Introspection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to use component-level logging to get insights into a running component's behavior." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/component-logging/>Component Logging</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Integrations><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Other softwares that Istio can integrate with to provide additional functionality." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/integrations/>Integrations</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to integrate with cert-manager." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/integrations/certmanager/>cert-manager</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to integrate with Grafana to set up Istio dashboards." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/integrations/grafana/>Grafana</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to integrate with Jaeger." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/integrations/jaeger/>Jaeger</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to integrate with Kiali." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/integrations/kiali/>Kiali</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to integrate with Prometheus." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/integrations/prometheus/>Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to integrate with Zipkin." href=/v1.8/docs/ops/integrations/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card169 title="Detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters." aria-controls=card169-body><svg class="icon reference"><use xlink:href="/v1.8/img/icons.svg#reference"/></svg>Reference</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card169 role=region id=card169-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card169><li role=treeitem aria-label=Configuration><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Detailed information on configuration options." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/>Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting Istio control plane installation version and shape." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/istio.operator.v1alpha1/>IstioOperator Options</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting the service mesh as a whole." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/istio.mesh.v1alpha1/>Global Mesh Options</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the structure of messages generated by Istio analyzers." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/istio.analysis.v1alpha1/>Analysis Messages</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the role of the `status` field in configuration workflow." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/config-status/>Configuration Status Field</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Proxy Extensions"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio proxy extensions." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/>Proxy Extensions</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Metadata Exchange Filter." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/metadata_exchange/>Metadata Exchange Config</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Stackdriver filter." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/stackdriver/>Stackdriver Config</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Attribute Generation plugin." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/attributegen/>AttributeGen Config</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for AccessLogPolicy Filter." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/accesslogpolicy/>AccessLogPolicy Config</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Stats Filter." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/stats/>Stats Config</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to enable telemetry generation with the Wasm runtime (experimental)." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/wasm_telemetry/>Wasm-based Telemetry (Experimental)</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure HTTP/TCP routing features." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/networking/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting load balancing, outlier detection, etc." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/networking/destination-rule/>Destination Rule</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Customizing Envoy configuration generated by Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/networking/envoy-filter/>Envoy Filter</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting edge load balancer." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/networking/gateway/>Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting service registry." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/networking/service-entry/>Service Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting network reachability of a sidecar." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/networking/sidecar/>Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes a collection of workload instances." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/networking/workload-group/>Workload Group</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting VMs onboarded into the mesh." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/networking/workload-entry/>Workload Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting label/content routing, sni routing, etc." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/networking/virtual-service/>Virtual Service</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio's security features." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration to validate JWT." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/security/jwt/>JWTRule</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Peer authentication configuration for workloads." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/security/peer_authentication/>PeerAuthentication</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Request authentication configuration for workloads." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/security/request_authentication/>RequestAuthentication</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for access control on workloads." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/security/authorization-policy/>Authorization Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the supported conditions in authorization policies." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/security/conditions/>Authorization Policy Conditions</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Common Types"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes common types in Istio API." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/type/>Common Types</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Definition of a workload selector." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/type/workload-selector/>Workload Selector</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio standard metrics exported by Istio telemetry." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/metrics/>Istio Standard Metrics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Resource annotations used by Istio." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/annotations/>Resource Annotations</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Configuration Analysis Messages"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Documents the individual error and warning messages produced during configuration analysis." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/>Configuration Analysis Messages</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0113/>MTLSPolicyConflict</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0109/>ConflictingMeshGatewayVirtualServiceHosts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0110/>ConflictingSidecarWorkloadSelectors</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0116/>DeploymentAssociatedToMultipleServices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0117/>DeploymentRequiresServiceAssociated</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0002/>Deprecated</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0104/>GatewayPortNotOnWorkload</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0001/>InternalError</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0125/>InvalidAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0122/>InvalidRegexp</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0105/>IstioProxyImageMismatch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0119/>JwtFailureDueToInvalidServicePortPrefix</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0107/>MisplacedAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0108/>UnknownAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0111/>MultipleSidecarsWithoutWorkloadSelectors</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0123/>NamespaceMultipleInjectionLabels</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0102/>NamespaceNotInjected</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0127/>NoMatchingWorkloadsFound</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0128/>NoServerCertificateVerificationDestinationLevel</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0129/>NoServerCertificateVerificationPortLevel</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/message-format/>Analyzer Message Format</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0131/>VirtualServiceIneffectiveMatch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0118/>PortNameIsNotUnderNamingConvention</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0101/>ReferencedResourceNotFound</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0106/>SchemaValidationError</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0130/>VirtualServiceUnreachableRule</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0103/>PodMissingProxy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.8/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0112/>VirtualServiceDestinationPortSelectorRequired</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Commands><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes usage and options of the Istio commands and utilities." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/commands/>Commands</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio control interface." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/>istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery/>pilot-discovery</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Istio operator." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/commands/operator/>operator</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot agent." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/commands/pilot-agent/>pilot-agent</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A glossary of common Istio terms." href=/v1.8/docs/reference/glossary/>Glossary</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav></div><div class=article-container><button tabindex=-1 id=sidebar-toggler title="Toggle the navigation bar"><svg class="icon pull"><use xlink:href="/v1.8/img/icons.svg#pull"/></svg></button><nav aria-label=Breadcrumb><ol><li><a href=/v1.8/ title="Connect, secure, control, and observe services.">Istio</a></li><li><a href=/v1.8/docs/ title="Learn how to deploy, use, and operate Istio.">Docs</a></li><li><a href=/v1.8/docs/setup/ title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes.">Setup</a></li><li><a href=/v1.8/docs/setup/additional-setup/ title="More information on additional setup tasks.">More Guides</a></li><li>Install Istio with the Istio CNI plugin</li></ol></nav><article aria-labelledby=title><div class=title-area><div style=width:100%><h1 id=title>Install Istio with the Istio CNI plugin</h1><p class=byline><span title="1861 words"><svg class="icon clock"><use xlink:href="/v1.8/img/icons.svg#clock"/></svg><span>&nbsp;</span>9 minute read</span>
<span>&nbsp;</span>
<span><a href=https://github.com/istio/istio.io/tree/master/README.md#testing-document-content title="No automated test is available for this page. Click for details or to help create one."><svg class="icon cancel-grey"><use xlink:href="/v1.8/img/icons.svg#cancel-grey"/></svg><span>&nbsp;</span>
page test</a></span></p></div></div><nav class=toc-inlined aria-label="Table of Contents"><div><hr><ol><li role=none aria-label=Prerequisites><a href=#prerequisites>Prerequisites</a><li role=none aria-label="Basic Installation"><a href=#basic-installation>Basic Installation</a><li role=none aria-label="Advanced Installation"><a href=#advanced-installation>Advanced Installation</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Helm chart parameters"><a href=#helm-chart-parameters>Helm chart parameters</a><li role=none aria-label="Excluding specific Kubernetes namespaces"><a href=#excluding-specific-kubernetes-namespaces>Excluding specific Kubernetes namespaces</a><li role=none aria-label="Hosted Kubernetes settings"><a href=#hosted-kubernetes-settings>Hosted Kubernetes settings</a><li role=none aria-label="GKE setup"><a href=#gke-setup>GKE setup</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Sidecar injection compatibility"><a href=#sidecar-injection-compatibility>Sidecar injection compatibility</a><li role=none aria-label="Operational details"><a href=#operational-details>Operational details</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Identifying pods requiring traffic redirection"><a href=#identifying-pods-requiring-traffic-redirection>Identifying pods requiring traffic redirection</a><li role=none aria-label="Traffic redirection parameters"><a href=#traffic-redirection-parameters>Traffic redirection parameters</a><li role=none aria-label=Logging><a href=#logging>Logging</a><li role=none aria-label="Compatibility with application init containers"><a href=#compatibility-with-application-init-containers>Compatibility with application init containers</a><li role=none aria-label="Compatibility with other CNI plugins"><a href=#compatibility-with-other-cni-plugins>Compatibility with other CNI plugins</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol><hr></div></nav><p>Follow this guide to install, configure, and use an Istio mesh using the Istio Container Network Interface
(<a href=https://github.com/containernetworking/cni#cni---the-container-network-interface>CNI</a>)
plugin.</p><p>By default Istio injects an <code>initContainer</code>, <code>istio-init</code>, in pods deployed in
the mesh. The <code>istio-init</code> container sets up the pod network traffic
redirection to/from the Istio sidecar proxy. This requires the user or
service-account deploying pods to the mesh to have sufficient Kubernetes RBAC
permissions to deploy <a href=https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/security-context/#set-capabilities-for-a-container>containers with the <code>NET_ADMIN</code> and <code>NET_RAW</code> capabilities</a>.
Requiring Istio users to have elevated Kubernetes RBAC permissions is
problematic for some organizations&rsquo; security compliance. The Istio CNI plugin
is a replacement for the <code>istio-init</code> container that performs the same
networking functionality but without requiring Istio users to enable elevated
Kubernetes RBAC permissions.</p><p>The Istio CNI plugin performs the Istio mesh pod traffic redirection in the Kubernetes pod lifecycle&rsquo;s network
setup phase, thereby removing the <a href=/v1.8/docs/ops/deployment/requirements/>requirement for the <code>NET_ADMIN</code> and <code>NET_RAW</code> capabilities</a>
for users deploying pods into the Istio mesh. The Istio CNI plugin
replaces the functionality provided by the <code>istio-init</code> container.</p><h2 id=prerequisites>Prerequisites</h2><ol><li><p>Install Kubernetes with the container runtime supporting CNI and <code>kubelet</code> configured
with the main <a href=https://github.com/containernetworking/cni>CNI</a> plugin enabled via <code>--network-plugin=cni</code>.</p><ul><li>AWS EKS, Azure AKS, and IBM Cloud IKS clusters have this capability.</li><li>Google Cloud GKE clusters require that the
<a href=https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/how-to/network-policy>network-policy</a> feature
is enabled to have Kubernetes configured with <code>network-plugin=cni</code>.</li><li>OpenShift has CNI enabled by default.</li></ul></li><li><p>Install Kubernetes with the <a href=https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/#serviceaccount>ServiceAccount admission controller</a> enabled.</p><ul><li>The Kubernetes documentation highly recommends this for all Kubernetes installations
where <code>ServiceAccounts</code> are utilized.</li></ul></li></ol><h2 id=basic-installation>Basic Installation</h2><p>In most environments, a basic Istio cluster with CNI enabled can be installed using the following command:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ cat &lt;&lt;EOF &gt; istio-cni.yaml
apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha1
kind: IstioOperator
spec:
components:
cni:
enabled: true
values:
cni:
excludeNamespaces:
- istio-system
- kube-system
logLevel: info
EOF
$ istioctl install -f istio-cni.yaml
</code></pre><h2 id=advanced-installation>Advanced Installation</h2><ol><li><p>Determine the Kubernetes environment&rsquo;s CNI plugin <code>--cni-bin-dir</code> and <code>--cni-conf-dir</code> settings.
Refer to <a href=#hosted-kubernetes-settings>Hosted Kubernetes settings</a> for any non-default settings required.</p></li><li><p>Install Istio CNI and Istio using <code>istioctl</code>.
Refer to the <a href=/v1.8/docs/setup/install/istioctl/>Istio install</a> instructions and pass <code>--set components.cni.enabled=true</code> option.
Pass <code>--set values.cni.cniBinDir=...</code> and/or <code>--set values.cni.cniConfDir=...</code> options when installing <code>istio-cni</code> if non-default,
as determined in the previous step.</p></li></ol><h3 id=helm-chart-parameters>Helm chart parameters</h3><p>The following table shows all the options that the <code>istio-cni</code> configuration supports:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Option</th><th>Values</th><th>Default</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>hub</code></td><td></td><td></td><td>The container registry to pull the <code>install-cni</code> image.</td></tr><tr><td><code>tag</code></td><td></td><td></td><td>The container tag to use to pull the <code>install-cni</code> image.</td></tr><tr><td><code>pullPolicy</code></td><td></td><td><code>Always</code></td><td>The image pull policy for the <code>install-cni</code> image.</td></tr><tr><td><code>logLevel</code></td><td><code>panic</code>, <code>fatal</code>, <code>error</code>, <code>warn</code>, <code>info</code>, <code>debug</code></td><td><code>warn</code></td><td>Logging level for CNI binary.</td></tr><tr><td><code>excludeNamespaces</code></td><td><code>[]string</code></td><td><code>[ istio-system ]</code></td><td>List of namespaces to exclude from Istio pod check.</td></tr><tr><td><code>cniBinDir</code></td><td></td><td><code>/opt/cni/bin</code></td><td>Must be the same as the environment&rsquo;s <code>--cni-bin-dir</code> setting (<code>kubelet</code> parameter).</td></tr><tr><td><code>cniConfDir</code></td><td></td><td><code>/etc/cni/net.d</code></td><td>Must be the same as the environment&rsquo;s <code>--cni-conf-dir</code> setting (<code>kubelet</code> parameter).</td></tr><tr><td><code>cniConfFileName</code></td><td></td><td></td><td>Leave unset to auto-find the first file in the <code>cni-conf-dir</code> (as <code>kubelet</code> does). Primarily used for testing <code>install-cni</code> plugin configuration. If set, <code>install-cni</code> will inject the plugin configuration into this file in the <code>cni-conf-dir</code>.</td></tr><tr><td><code>psp_cluster_role</code></td><td></td><td></td><td>This value refers to a <code>ClusterRole</code> and can be used to create a <code>RoleBinding</code> in the namespace of <code>istio-cni</code>. This is useful if you use <a href=https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/policy/pod-security-policy>Pod Security Policies</a> and want to allow <code>istio-cni</code> to run as <code>priviliged</code> Pods.</td></tr><tr><td><code>podAnnotations</code></td><td></td><td><code>{}</code></td><td>Additional custom annotations to be set on pod level.</td></tr><tr><td><code>repair.enabled</code></td><td><code>boolean</code></td><td><code>true</code></td><td>Enable or disable the <a href=https://github.com/istio/istio/issues/14327>CNI Race Condition</a> detection and repair functionality. This injects an <code>istio-validation</code> init container into every injected pod, which checks if Istio CNI correctly initialized the pod&rsquo;s networking configuration. It also enables a new container in the CNI <code>DaemonSet</code> which monitors for pods and either labels or deletes them, per the values below.</td></tr><tr><td><code>repair.hub</code></td><td></td><td></td><td>The container registry to pull the <code>install-cni</code> image for the repair container. Defaults to the same as <code>hub</code>.</td></tr><tr><td><code>repair.tag</code></td><td></td><td></td><td>The container tag to use to pull the <code>install-cni</code> image for the repair container. Defaults to the same as <code>tag</code>.</td></tr><tr><td><code>repair.initContainerName</code></td><td></td><td><code>istio-validation</code></td><td>An override for the init container name inspected by the repair controller, if you are using a non-standard pod injection configuration.</td></tr><tr><td><code>repair.labelPods</code></td><td><code>boolean</code></td><td><code>true</code></td><td>Enable the repair controller to label pods it detects as uninitialized. Ignored if <code>deletePods</code> is true.</td></tr><tr><td><code>repair.deletePods</code></td><td><code>boolean</code></td><td><code>true</code></td><td>Enable the repair controller to delete pods it detects as uninitialized. It will continue deleting those pods until CNI initializes them correctly.</td></tr><tr><td><code>repair.brokenPodLabelKey</code></td><td></td><td><code>cni.istio.io/uninitialized</code></td><td>The key portion of the label to add to broken pods when <code>labelPods</code> is true.</td></tr><tr><td><code>repair.brokenPodLabelValue</code></td><td></td><td><code>true</code></td><td>The value portion of the label to add to broken pods when <code>labelPods</code> is true.</td></tr><tr><td><code>chained</code></td><td><code>true</code> or <code>false</code></td><td><code>true</code></td><td>Whether to deploy the configuration file as a plugin chain or as a standalone file in <code>cni-conf-dir</code>. Some Kubernetes flavors (e.g. OpenShift) do not support the chain approach, set to <code>false</code> if this is the case.</td></tr></tbody></table><p>These options are accessed through <code>values.cni.&lt;option-name></code> in <code>istioctl manifest</code> commands, either as a <code>--set</code> flag,
or the corresponding path in a custom overlay file.</p><h3 id=excluding-specific-kubernetes-namespaces>Excluding specific Kubernetes namespaces</h3><p>This example uses <code>istioctl</code> to perform the following tasks:</p><ul><li>Install the Istio CNI plugin.</li><li>Configure its log level.</li><li>Ignore the pods in the following namespaces:<ul><li><code>istio-system</code></li><li><code>foo_ns</code></li><li><code>bar_ns</code></li></ul></li></ul><p>Refer to the <a href=/v1.8/docs/setup/install/istioctl>Customizable Install with <code>Istioctl</code></a> for complete instructions.</p><p>Use the following command to render and apply Istio CNI components and override the default configuration of the
<code>logLevel</code> and <code>excludeNamespaces</code> parameters for <code>istio-cni</code>:</p><p>Create a <code>IstioOperator</code> CR yaml locally with your override to install <code>istio</code>, e.g. <code>cni.yaml</code></p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha1
kind: IstioOperator
spec:
components:
cni:
enabled: true
values:
cni:
excludeNamespaces:
- istio-system
- kube-system
- foo_ns
- bar_ns
logLevel: info
</code></pre><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl install -f cni.yaml
</code></pre><h3 id=hosted-kubernetes-settings>Hosted Kubernetes settings</h3><p>The Istio CNI solution is not ubiquitous. Some platforms, especially hosted Kubernetes environments, do not enable the
CNI plugin in the <code>kubelet</code> configuration.
The <code>istio-cni</code> plugin is expected to work with any hosted Kubernetes leveraging CNI plugins.
The following table shows the required settings for many common Kubernetes environments.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Hosted Cluster Type</th><th>Required Istio CNI Setting Overrides</th><th>Required Platform Setting Overrides</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>GKE 1.9+ (see <a href=#gke-setup>GKE setup</a> below for details)</td><td><code>--set components.cni.namespace=kube-system --set values.cni.cniBinDir=/home/kubernetes/bin</code></td><td>enable <a href=https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/how-to/network-policy>network-policy</a></td></tr><tr><td>IKS (IBM cloud)</td><td><em>(none)</em></td><td><em>(none)</em></td></tr><tr><td>EKS (AWS)</td><td><em>(none)</em></td><td><em>(none)</em></td></tr><tr><td>AKS (Azure)</td><td><em>(none)</em></td><td><em>(none)</em></td></tr><tr><td>Red Hat OpenShift 4.2+</td><td><code>--set components.cni.namespace=kube-system --set values.cni.cniBinDir=/var/lib/cni/bin --set values.cni.cniConfDir=/etc/cni/multus/net.d --set values.cni.chained=false --set values.cni.cniConfFileName="istio-cni.conf" --set values.sidecarInjectorWebhook.injectedAnnotations."k8s\.v1\.cni\.cncf\.io/networks"=istio-cni</code></td><td><em>(none)</em></td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id=gke-setup>GKE setup</h3><ol><li><p>Refer to the procedure to <a href=/v1.8/docs/setup/platform-setup/gke/>prepare a GKE cluster for Istio</a> and
enable <a href=https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/how-to/network-policy>network-policy</a> in your cluster.</p><div><aside class="callout warning"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.8/img/icons.svg#callout-warning"/></svg></div><div class=content>For existing clusters, this redeploys all nodes.</div></aside></div></li><li><p>Install Istio CNI via <code>Istioctl</code> including the <code>--set values.cni.cniBinDir=/home/kubernetes/bin</code> option.
For example, the following <code>istioctl manifest</code> command sets the <code>values.cni.cniBinDir</code> value for a GKE cluster:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl install --set values.cni.cniBinDir=/home/kubernetes/bin \
--set components.cni.enabled=true \
--set components.cni.namespace=kube-system
</code></pre></li></ol><h2 id=sidecar-injection-compatibility>Sidecar injection compatibility</h2><p>The use of the Istio CNI plugin requires Kubernetes pods to be deployed with a sidecar injection method
that uses the <code>istio-sidecar-injector</code> configmap created from the installation with the
<code>--set cni.enabled=true</code> option. Refer to <a href=/v1.8/docs/setup/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/>Istio sidecar injection</a>
for details about Istio sidecar injection methods.</p><p>The following sidecar injection methods are supported for use with the Istio CNI plugin:</p><ol><li><a href=/v1.8/docs/setup/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/#automatic-sidecar-injection>Automatic sidecar injection</a></li><li><p>Manual sidecar injection with the <code>istio-sidecar-injector</code> configmap</p><ol><li><p><a href=/v1.8/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/#istioctl-kube-inject><code>istioctl kube-inject</code></a> using the configmap directly:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl kube-inject -f deployment.yaml -o deployment-injected.yaml --injectConfigMapName istio-sidecar-injector
$ kubectl apply -f deployment-injected.yaml
</code></pre></li><li><p><code>istioctl kube-inject</code> using a file created from the configmap:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl -n istio-system get configmap istio-sidecar-injector -o=jsonpath=&#39;{.data.config}&#39; &gt; inject-config.yaml
$ istioctl kube-inject -f deployment.yaml -o deployment-injected.yaml --injectConfigFile inject-config.yaml
$ kubectl apply -f deployment-injected.yaml
</code></pre></li></ol></li></ol><h2 id=operational-details>Operational details</h2><p>The Istio CNI plugin handles Kubernetes pod create and delete events and does the following:</p><ol><li>Identify Istio user application pods with Istio sidecars requiring traffic redirection</li><li>Perform pod network namespace configuration to redirect traffic to/from the Istio sidecar</li></ol><h3 id=identifying-pods-requiring-traffic-redirection>Identifying pods requiring traffic redirection</h3><p>The Istio CNI plugin identifies pods requiring traffic redirection to/from the
accompanying Istio proxy sidecar by checking that the pod meets all of the following conditions:</p><ol><li>The pod is NOT in a Kubernetes namespace in the configured <code>exclude_namespaces</code> list.</li><li>The pod has a container named <code>istio-proxy</code>.</li><li>The pod has more than 1 container.</li><li>The pod has no annotation with key <code>sidecar.istio.io/inject</code> OR the value of the annotation is <code>true</code>.</li></ol><h3 id=traffic-redirection-parameters>Traffic redirection parameters</h3><p>To redirect traffic in the application pod&rsquo;s network namespace to/from the Istio proxy sidecar, the Istio
CNI plugin configures the namespace&rsquo;s iptables. The following table describes the parameters to the
redirect functionality. To override the default values for the parameters, set the corresponding
application pod annotation key.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Annotation Key</th><th>Values</th><th>Default</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>sidecar.istio.io/inject</code></td><td><code>true</code>, <code>false</code></td><td><code>true</code></td><td>Indicates whether the Istio proxy sidecar should be injected. If present and <code>false</code>, the Istio CNI plugin doesn&rsquo;t configure the namespace&rsquo;s iptables for the pod.</td></tr><tr><td><code>sidecar.istio.io/status</code></td><td></td><td></td><td>Annotation created by Istio&rsquo;s sidecar injection. If missing, the Istio CNI plugin doesn&rsquo;t configure the pod namespace&rsquo;s iptables.</td></tr><tr><td><code>sidecar.istio.io/interceptionMode</code></td><td><code>REDIRECT</code>, <code>TPROXY</code></td><td><code>REDIRECT</code></td><td>The iptables redirect mode to use.</td></tr><tr><td><code>traffic.sidecar.istio.io/includeOutboundIPRanges</code></td><td><code>&lt;IPCidr1>,&lt;IPCidr2>,...</code></td><td><code>"*"</code></td><td>Comma separated list of IP ranges in CIDR form to redirect to the sidecar proxy. The default value of <code>"*"</code> redirects all traffic.</td></tr><tr><td><code>traffic.sidecar.istio.io/excludeOutboundIPRanges</code></td><td><code>&lt;IPCidr1>,&lt;IPCidr2>,...</code></td><td></td><td>Comma separated list of IP ranges in CIDR form to be excluded from redirection. Only applies when <code>includeOutboundIPRanges</code> is <code>"*"</code>.</td></tr><tr><td><code>traffic.sidecar.istio.io/includeInboundPorts</code></td><td><code>&lt;port1>,&lt;port2>,...</code></td><td>Pod&rsquo;s list of <code>containerPorts</code></td><td>Comma separated list of inbound ports for which traffic is to be redirected to the Istio proxy sidecar. The value of <code>"*"</code> redirects all ports.</td></tr><tr><td><code>traffic.sidecar.istio.io/excludeInboundPorts</code></td><td><code>&lt;port1>,&lt;port2>,...</code></td><td></td><td>Comma separated list of inbound ports to be excluded from redirection to the Istio sidecar proxy. Only valid when <code>includeInboundPorts</code> is <code>"*"</code>.</td></tr><tr><td><code>traffic.sidecar.istio.io/excludeOutboundPorts</code></td><td><code>&lt;port1>,&lt;port2>,...</code></td><td></td><td>Comma separated list of outbound ports to be excluded from redirection to Envoy.</td></tr><tr><td><code>traffic.sidecar.istio.io/kubevirtInterfaces</code></td><td><code>&lt;ethX>,&lt;ethY>,...</code></td><td></td><td>Comma separated list of virtual interfaces whose inbound traffic (from VM) will be treated as outbound.</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id=logging>Logging</h3><p>The Istio CNI plugin runs in the container runtime process space.
Due to this, the <code>kubelet</code> process writes the plugin&rsquo;s log entries into its log.</p><h3 id=compatibility-with-application-init-containers>Compatibility with application init containers</h3><p>The Istio CNI plugin may cause networking connectivity problems for any application <code>initContainers</code>. When using Istio CNI, <code>kubelet</code>
starts an injected pod with the following steps:</p><ol><li>The Istio CNI plugin sets up traffic redirection to the Istio sidecar proxy within the pod.</li><li>All init containers execute and complete successfully.</li><li>The Istio sidecar proxy starts in the pod along with the pod&rsquo;s other containers.</li></ol><p>Init containers execute before the sidecar proxy starts, which can result in traffic loss during their execution.
Avoid this traffic loss with one or both of the following settings:</p><ul><li>Set the <code>traffic.sidecar.istio.io/excludeOutboundIPRanges</code> annotation to disable redirecting traffic to any
CIDRs the init containers communicate with.</li><li>Set the <code>traffic.sidecar.istio.io/excludeOutboundPorts</code> annotation to disable redirecting traffic to the
specific outbound ports the init containers use.</li></ul><h3 id=compatibility-with-other-cni-plugins>Compatibility with other CNI plugins</h3><p>The Istio CNI plugin maintains compatibility with the same set of CNI plugins as the current
<code>istio-init</code> container which requires the <code>NET_ADMIN</code> and <code>NET_RAW</code> capabilities.</p><p>The Istio CNI plugin operates as a chained CNI plugin. This means its configuration is added to the existing
CNI plugins configuration as a new configuration list element. See the
<a href=https://github.com/containernetworking/cni/blob/master/SPEC.md#network-configuration-lists>CNI specification reference</a> for further details.
When a pod is created or deleted, the container runtime invokes each plugin in the list in order. The Istio
CNI plugin only performs actions to setup the application pod&rsquo;s traffic redirection to the injected Istio proxy
sidecar (using <code>iptables</code> in the pod&rsquo;s network namespace).</p><div><aside class="callout warning"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.8/img/icons.svg#callout-warning"/></svg></div><div class=content>The Istio CNI plugin should not interfere with the operations of the base CNI plugin that configures the pod&rsquo;s
networking setup, although not all CNI plugins have been validated.</div></aside></div><nav id=see-also><h2>See also</h2><div class=see-also><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.8/blog/2020/mosn-proxy/>Using MOSN with Istio: an alternative data plane</a></p><p class=desc>An alternative sidecar proxy for Istio.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.8/docs/ops/deployment/requirements/>Application Requirements</a></p><p class=desc>Requirements of applications deployed in an Istio-enabled cluster.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.8/docs/setup/install/helm/>Install with Helm</a></p><p class=desc>Install and configure Istio for in-depth evaluation.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.8/docs/setup/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/>Installing the Sidecar</a></p><p class=desc>Install the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.8/blog/2020/dns-proxy/>Expanding into New Frontiers - Smart DNS Proxying in Istio</a></p><p class=desc>Workload Local DNS resolution to simplify VM integration, multicluster, and more.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.8/blog/2020/proxy-cert/>Provision a certificate and key for an application without sidecars</a></p><p class=desc>A mechanism to acquire and share an application certificate and key through mounted files.</p></div></div></nav></article><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="Install the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/><svg class="icon left-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.8/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>Installing the Sidecar</a></div><div class=right><a title="Install an external control plane and remote cluster." href=/v1.8/docs/setup/additional-setup/external-controlplane/>Install Istio with an External Control Plane<svg class="icon right-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.8/img/icons.svg#right-arrow"/></svg></a></div></nav><div id=feedback><div id=feedback-initial>Was this information useful?<br><button class="btn feedback" onclick="sendFeedback('en',1)">Yes</button>
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