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<button id=search-close title="Cancel search" type=reset aria-label="Cancel search"><svg class="icon cancel-x"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#cancel-x"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><div class=banner-container></div><main class=primary><div id=sidebar-container class="sidebar-container sidebar-offcanvas"><nav id=sidebar aria-label="Section Navigation"><div class=directory><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card0 title="Blog posts for 2021." aria-controls=card0-body><svg class="icon blog"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#blog"/></svg>2021 Posts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card0 role=region id=card0-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card0><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Product Security working group announces Patch Tuesdays, how 0-days and embargoes are handled, updates to the security best practices page and the notification of the early disclosure list (May 11, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/patch-tuesdays/>Updates to how Istio security releases are handled: Patch Tuesday, embargoes, and 0-days</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to use discovery selectors and how they intersect with Sidecar resources (April 30, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/discovery-selectors/>Use discovery selectors to configure namespaces for your Istio service mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Understanding the upcoming changes to Istio networking, how they may impact your cluster, and what action to take (April 15, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/upcoming-networking-changes/>Upcoming networking changes in Istio 1.10</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An update on Envoy and Istio's WebAssembly-based extensibility effort (March 5, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/wasm-progress/>Istio and Envoy WebAssembly Extensibility, One Year On</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A tutorial to help customers migrate from the deprecated v1alpha1 security policy to the supported v1beta1 version (March 3, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/migrate-alpha-policy/>Migrate pre-Istio 1.4 Alpha security policy to the current APIs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Understanding the benefits Istio brings, even when no configuration is used (February 25, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/zero-config-istio/>Zero Configuration Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn about sessions, panels, workshops and more on the IstioCon website (February 16, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/istiocon-2021-program/>IstioCon 2021: Schedule Is Live!</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="AuthorizationPolicy now supports CUSTOM action to delegate the authorization to external system (February 9, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/better-external-authz/>Better External Authorization</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card1 title="Blog posts for 2020." aria-controls=card1-body><svg class="icon blog"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#blog"/></svg>2020 Posts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card1 role=region id=card1-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card1><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploy multiple Istio egress gateways independently to have fine-grained control of egress communication from the mesh (December 16, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/proxying-legacy-services-using-egress-gateways/>Proxying legacy services using Istio egress gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to enable proxy protocol on AWS NLB and Istio ingress gateway (December 11, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/show-source-ip/>Proxy protocol on AWS NLB and Istio ingress gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The inaugural conference for Istio will take place at the end of February (December 8, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/istiocon-2021/>Join us for the first IstioCon in 2021!</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to ensure your clusters are not impacted by Docker Hub rate limiting (December 7, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/docker-rate-limit/>Handling Docker Hub rate limiting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Workload Local DNS resolution to simplify VM integration, multicluster, and more (November 12, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/dns-proxy/>Expanding into New Frontiers - Smart DNS Proxying in Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Announcing the four newest Istio Steering Committee members (September 29, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/steering-election-results/>2020 Steering Committee Election Results</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The effect of security policies on latency of requests (September 15, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/large-scale-security-policy-performance-tests/>Large Scale Security Policy Performance Tests</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A new deployment model for Istio (August 27, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/new-deployment-model/>Deploying Istio Control Planes Outside the Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Istio Steering Committee is now in part proportionally allocated to companies based on contribution, and in part elected by community members (August 24, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/steering-changes/>Introducing the new Istio steering committee</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An alternative sidecar proxy for Istio (July 28, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/mosn-proxy/>Using MOSN with Istio: an alternative data plane</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An update on trademarks and project governance (July 8, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/open-usage/>Open and neutral: transferring our trademarks to the Open Usage Commons</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A new way to manage installation of telemetry addons (June 4, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/addon-rework/>Reworking our Addon Integrations</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describing the new functionality of Workload Entries (May 21, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/workload-entry/>Introducing Workload Entries</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Simplifying Istio upgrades by offering safe canary deployments of the control plane (May 19, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/multiple-control-planes/>Safely Upgrade Istio using a Canary Control Plane Deployment</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configure the IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service Application Load Balancer to direct traffic to the Istio Ingress gateway with mutual TLS (May 15, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/alb-ingress-gateway-iks/>Direct encrypted traffic from IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service Ingress to Istio Ingress Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Community partner tooling of Wasm for Istio by Solo.io (March 25, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/wasmhub-istio/>Extended and Improved WebAssemblyHub to Bring the Power of WebAssembly to Envoy and Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A mechanism to acquire and share an application certificate and key through mounted files (March 25, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/proxy-cert/>Provision a certificate and key for an application without sidecars</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istiod consolidates the Istio control plane components into a single binary (March 19, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/istiod/>Introducing istiod: simplifying the control plane</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuring Wasm extensions for Envoy and Istio declaratively (March 16, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/deploy-wasm-declarative/>Declarative WebAssembly deployment for Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The future of Istio extensibility using WASM (March 5, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/wasm-announce/>Redefining extensibility in proxies - introducing WebAssembly to Envoy and Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A vision statement and roadmap for Istio in 2020 (March 3, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/tradewinds-2020/>Istio in 2020 - Following the Trade Winds</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A more secure way to manage secrets (February 20, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/istio-agent/>Remove cross-pod unix domain sockets</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Automating Istio configuration for Istio deployments (clusters) that work as a single mesh (January 5, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/multi-cluster-mesh-automation/>Multicluster Istio configuration and service discovery using Admiral</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card2 title="Blog posts for 2019." aria-controls=card2-body><svg class="icon blog"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#blog"/></svg>2019 Posts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card2 role=region id=card2-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card2><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provision and manage DNS certificates in Istio (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/dns-cert/>DNS Certificate Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Analyze your Istio configuration to detect potential issues and get general insights (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/introducing-istioctl-analyze/>Introducing istioctl analyze</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduction to Istio's new operator-based installation and control plane management feature (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/introducing-istio-operator/>Introducing the Istio Operator</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduction, motivation and design principles for the Istio v1beta1 Authorization Policy (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/v1beta1-authorization-policy/>Introducing the Istio v1beta1 Authorization Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Getting programmatic access to Istio resources (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/announcing-istio-client-go/>Announcing Istio client-go</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A more secure way to manage Istio webhooks (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/webhook/>Secure Webhook Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configure Istio ingress gateway to act as a proxy for external services (October 15, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/proxy/>Istio as a Proxy for External Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploy environments that require isolation into separate meshes and enable inter-mesh communication by mesh federation (October 2, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/isolated-clusters/>Multi-Mesh Deployments for Isolation and Boundary Protection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How can you use Istio to monitor blocked and passthrough external traffic (September 28, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/monitoring-external-service-traffic/>Monitoring Blocked and Passthrough External Service Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Using Istio to secure multi-cloud Kubernetes applications with zero code changes (September 18, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/app-identity-and-access-adapter/>App Identity and Access Adapter</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Demonstrates a Mixer out-of-process adapter which implements the Knative scale-from-zero logic (September 18, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/knative-activator-adapter/>Mixer Adapter for Knative</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Taking advantage of Kubernetes trustworthy JWTs to issue certificates for workload instances more securely (September 10, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/trustworthy-jwt-sds/>Change in Secret Discovery Service in Istio 1.3</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The design principles behind Istio's APIs and how those APIs are evolving (August 5, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/evolving-istios-apis/>The Evolution of Istio's APIs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Comparison of alternative solutions to control egress traffic including performance considerations (July 22, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/egress-traffic-control-in-istio-part-3/>Secure Control of Egress Traffic in Istio, part 3</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Use Istio Egress Traffic Control to prevent attacks involving egress traffic (July 10, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/egress-traffic-control-in-istio-part-2/>Secure Control of Egress Traffic in Istio, part 2</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Tools and guidance for evaluating Istio's data plane performance (July 9, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/performance-best-practices/>Best Practices: Benchmarking Service Mesh Performance</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to extend the lifetime of Istio self-signed root certificate (June 7, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/root-transition/>Extending Istio Self-Signed Root Certificate Lifetime</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Attacks involving egress traffic and requirements for egress traffic control (May 22, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/egress-traffic-control-in-istio-part-1/>Secure Control of Egress Traffic in Istio, part 1</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An overview of Istio 1.1 performance (March 19, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/istio1.1_perf/>Architecting Istio 1.1 for Performance</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuring Istio route rules in a multicluster service mesh (February 7, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/multicluster-version-routing/>Version Routing in a Multicluster Service Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Announces the new Istio blog policy (February 5, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/sail-the-blog/>Sail the Blog!</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="De-mystify how Istio manages to plugin its data-plane components into an existing deployment (January 31, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/data-plane-setup/>Demystifying Istio's Sidecar Injection Model</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Verifies the performance impact of adding an egress gateway (January 31, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/egress-performance/>Egress Gateway Performance Investigation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Addressing application startup ordering and startup latency using AppSwitch (January 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/appswitch/>Sidestepping Dependency Ordering with AppSwitch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to deploy a custom ingress gateway using cert-manager manually (January 10, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/custom-ingress-gateway/>Deploy a Custom Ingress Gateway Using Cert-Manager</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio has a new discussion board (January 10, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/announcing-discuss.istio.io/>Announcing discuss.istio.io</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card3 title="Blog posts for 2018." aria-controls=card3-body><svg class="icon blog"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#blog"/></svg>2018 Posts</button><div class="body default" aria-labelledby=card3 role=region id=card3-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card3><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to use Istio for traffic management without deploying sidecar proxies (November 21, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/incremental-traffic-management/>Incremental Istio Part 1, Traffic Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes a simple scenario based on Istio's Bookinfo example (November 16, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/egress-mongo/>Consuming External MongoDB Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio hosting an all day Twitch stream to celebrate the 1.0 release (August 3, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/istio-twitch-stream/>All Day Istio Twitch Stream</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How HP is building its next-generation footwear personalization platform on Istio (July 31, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/hp/>Istio a Game Changer for HP's FitStation Platform</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Automatic application onboarding and latency optimizations using AppSwitch (July 30, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/delayering-istio/>Delayering Istio with AppSwitch</a></li><li role=none><span role=treeitem class=current title="Describe Istio's authorization feature and how to use it in various use cases (July 20, 2018)">Micro-Segmentation with Istio Authorization</span></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to export Istio Access Logs to different sinks like BigQuery, GCS, Pub/Sub through Stackdriver (July 9, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/export-logs-through-stackdriver/>Exporting Logs to BigQuery, GCS, Pub/Sub through Stackdriver</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio for monitoring and access policies of HTTP egress traffic (June 22, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/egress-monitoring-access-control/>Monitoring and Access Policies for HTTP Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduction, motivation and design principles for the Istio v1alpha3 routing API (April 25, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/v1alpha3-routing/>Introducing the Istio v1alpha3 routing API</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio ingress with a network load balancer on AWS (April 20, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/aws-nlb/>Configuring Istio Ingress with AWS NLB</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Using Kubernetes namespaces and RBAC to create an Istio soft multi-tenancy environment (April 19, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/soft-multitenancy/>Istio Soft Multi-Tenancy Support</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An introduction to safer, lower-risk deployments and release to production (February 8, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/traffic-mirroring/>Traffic Mirroring with Istio for Testing in Production</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes a simple scenario based on Istio's Bookinfo example (February 6, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/egress-tcp/>Consuming External TCP Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes a simple scenario based on Istio's Bookinfo example (January 31, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/egress-https/>Consuming External Web Services</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card4 title="Blog posts for 2017." aria-controls=card4-body><svg class="icon blog"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#blog"/></svg>2017 Posts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card4 role=region id=card4-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card4><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Improving availability and reducing latency (December 7, 2017)" href=/v1.9/blog/2017/mixer-spof-myth/>Mixer and the SPOF Myth</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provides an overview of Mixer's plug-in architecture (November 3, 2017)" href=/v1.9/blog/2017/adapter-model/>Mixer Adapter Model</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How Kubernetes Network Policy relates to Istio policy (August 10, 2017)" href=/v1.9/blog/2017/0.1-using-network-policy/>Using Network Policy with Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Using Istio to create autoscaled canary deployments (June 14, 2017)" href=/v1.9/blog/2017/0.1-canary/>Canary Deployments using Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Authentication 0.1 announcement (May 25, 2017)" href=/v1.9/blog/2017/0.1-auth/>Using Istio to Improve End-to-End Security</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav></div><div class=article-container><button tabindex=-1 id=sidebar-toggler title="Toggle the navigation bar"><svg class="icon pull"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#pull"/></svg></button><nav aria-label=Breadcrumb><ol><li><a href=/v1.9/ title="Connect, secure, control, and observe services.">Istio</a></li><li><a href=/v1.9/blog/ title="Posts about using Istio.">Blog</a></li><li><a href=/v1.9/blog/2018/ title="Blog posts for 2018.">2018 Posts</a></li><li>Micro-Segmentation with Istio Authorization</li></ol></nav><article aria-labelledby=title><div class=title-area><div style=width:100%><h1 id=title>Micro-Segmentation with Istio Authorization</h1><p class=byline><span>By</span>
|
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<span class=attribution>Limin Wang</span><span> | </span><span><svg class="icon calendar"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#calendar"/></svg><span> </span>July 20, 2018</span><span> | </span><span title="1185 words"><svg class="icon clock"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#clock"/></svg><span> </span>6 minute read</span>
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<span> </span>
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<span></span></p></div></div><nav class=toc-inlined aria-label="Table of Contents"><div><hr><ol><li role=none aria-label=Characteristics><a href=#characteristics>Characteristics</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="RPC level authorization"><a href=#rpc-level-authorization>RPC level authorization</a><li role=none aria-label="Role-based access control with conditions"><a href=#role-based-access-control-with-conditions>Role-based access control with conditions</a><li role=none aria-label="High performance"><a href=#high-performance>High performance</a><li role=none aria-label="Work with/without primary identities"><a href=#work-with-without-primary-identities>Work with/without primary identities</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label=Examples><a href=#examples>Examples</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Namespace level segmentation via RBAC + conditions"><a href=#namespace-level-segmentation-via-rbac-conditions>Namespace level segmentation via RBAC + conditions</a><li role=none aria-label="Service/method level isolation with/without primary identities"><a href=#service-method-level-isolation-with-without-primary-identities>Service/method level isolation with/without primary identities</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Using authenticated client identities"><a href=#using-authenticated-client-identities>Using authenticated client identities</a><li role=none aria-label="Client does not have identity"><a href=#client-does-not-have-identity>Client does not have identity</a></ol></li></ol></li><li role=none aria-label=Summary><a href=#summary>Summary</a><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol><hr></div></nav><div><aside class="callout warning"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#callout-warning"/></svg></div><div class=content>This blog post was written assuming Istio 0.8, so some of this content may now be outdated.</div></aside></div><p>Micro-segmentation is a security technique that creates secure zones in cloud deployments and allows organizations to
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isolate workloads from one another and secure them individually.
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<a href=/v1.9/docs/concepts/security/#authorization>Istio’s authorization feature</a>, also known as Istio Role Based Access Control,
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provides micro-segmentation for services in an Istio mesh. It features:</p><ul><li>Authorization at different levels of granularity, including namespace level, service level, and method level.</li><li>Service-to-service and end-user-to-service authorization.</li><li>High performance, as it is enforced natively on Envoy.</li><li>Role-based semantics, which makes it easy to use.</li><li>High flexibility as it allows users to define conditions using
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<a href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/security/conditions/>combinations of attributes</a>.</li></ul><p>In this blog post, you’ll learn about the main authorization features and how to use them in different situations.</p><h2 id=characteristics>Characteristics</h2><h3 id=rpc-level-authorization>RPC level authorization</h3><p>Authorization is performed at the level of individual RPCs. Specifically, it controls “who can access my <code>bookstore</code> service”,
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or “who can access method <code>getBook</code> in my <code>bookstore</code> service”. It is not designed to control access to application-specific
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resource instances, like access to “storage bucket X” or access to “3rd book on 2nd shelf”. Today this kind of application
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specific access control logic needs to be handled by the application itself.</p><h3 id=role-based-access-control-with-conditions>Role-based access control with conditions</h3><p>Authorization is a <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Role-based_access_control>role-based access control (RBAC)</a> system,
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contrast this to an <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attribute-based_access_control>attribute-based access control (ABAC)</a>
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system. Compared to ABAC, RBAC has the following advantages:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Roles allow grouping of attributes.</strong> Roles are groups of permissions, which specifies the actions you are allowed
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to perform on a system. Users are grouped based on the roles within an organization. You can define the roles and reuse
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them for different cases.</p></li><li><p><strong>It is easier to understand and reason about who has access.</strong> The RBAC concepts map naturally to business concepts.
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For example, a DB admin may have all access to DB backend services, while a web client may only be able to view the
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frontend service.</p></li><li><p><strong>It reduces unintentional errors.</strong> RBAC policies make otherwise complex security changes easier. You won’t have
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duplicate configurations in multiple places and later forget to update some of them when you need to make changes.</p></li></ul><p>On the other hand, Istio’s authorization system is not a traditional RBAC system. It also allows users to define <strong>conditions</strong> using
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||
<a href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/security/conditions/>combinations of attributes</a>. This gives Istio
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flexibility to express complex access control policies. In fact, <strong>the “RBAC + conditions” model
|
||
that Istio authorization adopts, has all the benefits an RBAC system has, and supports the level of flexibility that
|
||
normally an ABAC system provides.</strong> You’ll see some <a href=#examples>examples</a> below.</p><h3 id=high-performance>High performance</h3><p>Because of its simple semantics, Istio authorization is enforced on Envoy as a native authorization support. At runtime, the
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authorization decision is completely done locally inside an Envoy filter, without dependency to any external module.
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||
This allows Istio authorization to achieve high performance and availability.</p><h3 id=work-with-without-primary-identities>Work with/without primary identities</h3><p>Like any other RBAC system, Istio authorization is identity aware. In Istio authorization policy, there is a primary
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identity called <code>user</code>, which represents the principal of the client.</p><p>In addition to the primary identity, you can also specify any conditions that define the identities. For example,
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you can specify the client identity as “user Alice calling from Bookstore frontend service”, in which case,
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you have a combined identity of the calling service (<code>Bookstore frontend</code>) and the end user (<code>Alice</code>).</p><p>To improve security, you should enable <a href=/v1.9/docs/concepts/security/#authentication>authentication features</a>,
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and use authenticated identities in authorization policies. However, strongly authenticated identity is not required
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||
for using authorization. Istio authorization works with or without identities. If you are working with a legacy system,
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||
you may not have mutual TLS or JWT authentication setup for your mesh. In this case, the only way to identify the client is, for example,
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||
through IP. You can still use Istio authorization to control which IP addresses or IP ranges are allowed to access your service.</p><h2 id=examples>Examples</h2><p>The <a href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-http/>authorization task</a> shows you how to
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use Istio’s authorization feature to control namespace level and service level access using the
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<a href=/v1.9/docs/examples/bookinfo/>Bookinfo application</a>. In this section, you’ll see more examples on how to achieve
|
||
micro-segmentation with Istio authorization.</p><h3 id=namespace-level-segmentation-via-rbac-conditions>Namespace level segmentation via RBAC + conditions</h3><p>Suppose you have services in the <code>frontend</code> and <code>backend</code> namespaces. You would like to allow all your services
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||
in the <code>frontend</code> namespace to access all services that are marked <code>external</code> in the <code>backend</code> namespace.</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>apiVersion: "rbac.istio.io/v1alpha1"
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||
kind: ServiceRole
|
||
metadata:
|
||
name: external-api-caller
|
||
namespace: backend
|
||
spec:
|
||
rules:
|
||
- services: ["*"]
|
||
methods: ["*”]
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||
constraints:
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||
- key: "destination.labels[visibility]”
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||
values: ["external"]
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||
---
|
||
apiVersion: "rbac.istio.io/v1alpha1"
|
||
kind: ServiceRoleBinding
|
||
metadata:
|
||
name: external-api-caller
|
||
namespace: backend
|
||
spec:
|
||
subjects:
|
||
- properties:
|
||
source.namespace: "frontend”
|
||
roleRef:
|
||
kind: ServiceRole
|
||
name: "external-api-caller"
|
||
</code></pre><p>The <code>ServiceRole</code> and <code>ServiceRoleBinding</code> above expressed “<em>who</em> is allowed to do <em>what</em> under *which conditions*”
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||
(RBAC + conditions). Specifically:</p><ul><li><strong>“who”</strong> are the services in the <code>frontend</code> namespace.</li><li><strong>“what”</strong> is to call services in <code>backend</code> namespace.</li><li><strong>“conditions”</strong> is the <code>visibility</code> label of the destination service having the value <code>external</code>.</li></ul><h3 id=service-method-level-isolation-with-without-primary-identities>Service/method level isolation with/without primary identities</h3><p>Here is another example that demonstrates finer grained access control at service/method level. The first step
|
||
is to define a <code>book-reader</code> service role that allows READ access to <code>/books/*</code> resource in <code>bookstore</code> service.</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>apiVersion: "rbac.istio.io/v1alpha1"
|
||
kind: ServiceRole
|
||
metadata:
|
||
name: book-reader
|
||
namespace: default
|
||
spec:
|
||
rules:
|
||
- services: ["bookstore.default.svc.cluster.local"]
|
||
paths: ["/books/*”]
|
||
methods: ["GET”]
|
||
</code></pre><h4 id=using-authenticated-client-identities>Using authenticated client identities</h4><p>Suppose you want to grant this <code>book-reader</code> role to your <code>bookstore-frontend</code> service. If you have enabled
|
||
<a href=/v1.9/docs/concepts/security/#mutual-tls-authentication>mutual TLS authentication</a> for your mesh, you can use a
|
||
service account to identify your <code>bookstore-frontend</code> service. Granting the <code>book-reader</code> role to the <code>bookstore-frontend</code>
|
||
service can be done by creating a <code>ServiceRoleBinding</code> as shown below:</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>apiVersion: "rbac.istio.io/v1alpha1"
|
||
kind: ServiceRoleBinding
|
||
metadata:
|
||
name: book-reader
|
||
namespace: default
|
||
spec:
|
||
subjects:
|
||
- user: "cluster.local/ns/default/sa/bookstore-frontend”
|
||
roleRef:
|
||
kind: ServiceRole
|
||
name: "book-reader"
|
||
</code></pre><p>You may want to restrict this further by adding a condition that “only users who belong to the <code>qualified-reviewer</code> group are
|
||
allowed to read books”. The <code>qualified-reviewer</code> group is the end user identity that is authenticated by
|
||
<a href=/v1.9/docs/concepts/security/#authentication>JWT authentication</a>. In this case, the combination of the client service identity
|
||
(<code>bookstore-frontend</code>) and the end user identity (<code>qualified-reviewer</code>) is used in the authorization policy.</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>apiVersion: "rbac.istio.io/v1alpha1"
|
||
kind: ServiceRoleBinding
|
||
metadata:
|
||
name: book-reader
|
||
namespace: default
|
||
spec:
|
||
subjects:
|
||
- user: "cluster.local/ns/default/sa/bookstore-frontend"
|
||
properties:
|
||
request.auth.claims[group]: "qualified-reviewer"
|
||
roleRef:
|
||
kind: ServiceRole
|
||
name: "book-reader"
|
||
</code></pre><h4 id=client-does-not-have-identity>Client does not have identity</h4><p>Using authenticated identities in authorization policies is strongly recommended for security. However, if you have a
|
||
legacy system that does not support authentication, you may not have authenticated identities for your services.
|
||
You can still use Istio authorization to protect your services even without authenticated identities. The example below
|
||
shows that you can specify allowed source IP range in your authorization policy.</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>apiVersion: "rbac.istio.io/v1alpha1"
|
||
kind: ServiceRoleBinding
|
||
metadata:
|
||
name: book-reader
|
||
namespace: default
|
||
spec:
|
||
subjects:
|
||
- properties:
|
||
source.ip: 10.20.0.0/9
|
||
roleRef:
|
||
kind: ServiceRole
|
||
name: "book-reader"
|
||
</code></pre><h2 id=summary>Summary</h2><p>Istio’s authorization feature provides authorization at namespace-level, service-level, and method-level granularity.
|
||
It adopts “RBAC + conditions” model, which makes it easy to use and understand as an RBAC system, while providing the level of
|
||
flexibility that an ABAC system normally provides. Istio authorization achieves high performance as it is enforced
|
||
natively on Envoy. While it provides the best security by working together with
|
||
<a href=/v1.9/docs/concepts/security/#authentication>Istio authentication features</a>, Istio authorization can also be used to
|
||
provide access control for legacy systems that do not have authentication.</p><nav id=see-also><h2>See also</h2><div class=see-also><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-deny/>Explicit Deny</a></p><p class=desc>Shows how to set up access control to deny traffic explicitly.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-custom/>External Authorization</a></p><p class=desc>Shows how to integrate and delegate access control to an external authorization system.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-http/>HTTP Traffic</a></p><p class=desc>Shows how to set up access control for HTTP traffic.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-ingress/>Ingress Gateway</a></p><p class=desc>Shows how to set up access control on an ingress gateway.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/docs/concepts/security/>Security</a></p><p class=desc>Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-tcp/>TCP Traffic</a></p><p class=desc>Shows how to set up access control for TCP traffic.</p></div></div></nav></article><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="Automatic application onboarding and latency optimizations using AppSwitch." href=/v1.9/blog/2018/delayering-istio/><svg class="icon left-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>Delayering Istio with AppSwitch</a></div><div class=right><a title="How to export Istio Access Logs to different sinks like BigQuery, GCS, Pub/Sub through Stackdriver." href=/v1.9/blog/2018/export-logs-through-stackdriver/>Exporting Logs to BigQuery, GCS, Pub/Sub through Stackdriver<svg class="icon right-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#right-arrow"/></svg></a></div></nav><div id=feedback><div id=feedback-initial>Was this information useful?<br><button class="btn feedback" onclick="sendFeedback('en',1)">Yes</button>
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