istio.io/archive/v1.9/blog/2019/isolated-clusters/index.html

112 lines
46 KiB
HTML

<!doctype html><html lang=en itemscope itemtype=https://schema.org/WebPage><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=x-ua-compatible content="IE=edge"><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,shrink-to-fit=no"><meta name=theme-color content="#466BB0"><meta name=title content="Multi-Mesh Deployments for Isolation and Boundary Protection"><meta name=description content="Deploy environments that require isolation into separate meshes and enable inter-mesh communication by mesh federation."><meta name=author content="Vadim Eisenberg (IBM)"><meta name=keywords content="microservices,services,mesh,traffic-management,multicluster,security,gateway,tls"><meta property="og:title" content="Multi-Mesh Deployments for Isolation and Boundary Protection"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:description" content="Deploy environments that require isolation into separate meshes and enable inter-mesh communication by mesh federation."><meta property="og:url" content="/v1.9/blog/2019/isolated-clusters/"><meta property="og:image" content="/v1.9/img/istio-whitelogo-bluebackground-framed.svg"><meta property="og:image:alt" content="Istio Logo"><meta property="og:image:width" content="112"><meta property="og:image:height" content="150"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Istio"><meta name=twitter:card content="summary"><meta name=twitter:site content="@IstioMesh"><title>Istioldie 1.9 / Multi-Mesh Deployments for Isolation and Boundary Protection</title><script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-98480406-2"></script><script>window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
gtag('js',new Date());gtag('config','UA-98480406-2');</script><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml title="Istio Blog" href=/v1.9/blog/feed.xml><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml title="Istio News" href=/v1.9/news/feed.xml><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml title="Istio Blog and News" href=/v1.9/feed.xml><link rel="shortcut icon" href=/v1.9/favicons/favicon.ico><link rel=apple-touch-icon href=/v1.9/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png sizes=180x180><link rel=icon type=image/png href=/v1.9/favicons/favicon-16x16.png sizes=16x16><link rel=icon type=image/png href=/v1.9/favicons/favicon-32x32.png sizes=32x32><link rel=icon type=image/png href=/v1.9/favicons/android-36x36.png sizes=36x36><link rel=icon type=image/png href=/v1.9/favicons/android-48x48.png sizes=48x48><link rel=icon type=image/png href=/v1.9/favicons/android-72x72.png sizes=72x72><link rel=icon type=image/png href=/v1.9/favicons/android-96x96.png sizes=96xW96><link rel=icon type=image/png href=/v1.9/favicons/android-144x144.png sizes=144x144><link rel=icon type=image/png href=/v1.9/favicons/android-192x192.png sizes=192x192><link rel=manifest href=/v1.9/manifest.json><meta name=apple-mobile-web-app-title content="Istio"><meta name=application-name content="Istio"><link rel=stylesheet href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Work+Sans:400|Chivo:400|Work+Sans:500,300,600,300italic,400italic,500italic,600italic|Chivo:500,300,600,300italic,400italic,500italic,600italic"><link rel=stylesheet href=/v1.9/css/all.css><script src=/v1.9/js/themes_init.min.js></script></head><body class="language-unknown archive-site"><script>const branchName="release-1.9";const docTitle="Multi-Mesh Deployments for Isolation and Boundary Protection";const iconFile="\/v1.9/img/icons.svg";const buttonCopy='Copy to clipboard';const buttonPrint='Print';const buttonDownload='Download';</script><script src="https://www.google.com/cse/brand?form=search-form" defer></script><script src=/v1.9/js/all.min.js data-manual defer></script><header><nav><a id=brand href=/v1.9/><span class=logo><svg viewBox="0 0 300 300"><circle cx="150" cy="150" r="146" stroke-width="2"/><polygon points="65 240 225 240 125 270"/><polygon points="65 230 125 220 125 110"/><polygon points="135 220 225 230 135 30"/></svg></span><span class=name>Istioldie 1.9</span></a><div id=hamburger><svg class="icon hamburger"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#hamburger"/></svg></div><div id=header-links><a title="Learn how to deploy, use, and operate Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/>Docs</a>
<a class=current title="Posts about using Istio." href=/v1.9/blog/2021/>Blog<i class=dot data-prefix=/blog></i></a>
<a title="Timely news about the Istio project." href=/v1.9/news/>News<i class=dot data-prefix=/news></i></a>
<a title="Frequently Asked Questions about Istio." href=/v1.9/faq/>FAQ</a>
<a title="Get a bit more in-depth info about the Istio project." href=/v1.9/about/>About</a><div class=menu><button id=gearDropdownButton class=menu-trigger title="Options and settings" aria-label="Options and Settings" aria-controls=gearDropdownContent><svg class="icon gear"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#gear"/></svg></button><div id=gearDropdownContent class=menu-content aria-labelledby=gearDropdownButton role=menu><a tabindex=-1 role=menuitem lang=en id=switch-lang-en class=active>English</a>
<a tabindex=-1 role=menuitem lang=zh id=switch-lang-zh>中文</a><div role=separator></div><a tabindex=-1 role=menuitem class=active id=light-theme-item>Light Theme</a>
<a tabindex=-1 role=menuitem id=dark-theme-item>Dark Theme</a><div role=separator></div><a tabindex=-1 role=menuitem id=syntax-coloring-item>Color Examples</a><div role=separator></div><h6>Other versions of this site</h6><a tabindex=-1 role=menuitem onclick="navigateToUrlOrRoot('https://istio.io/blog\/2019\/isolated-clusters\/');return false;">Current Release</a>
<a tabindex=-1 role=menuitem onclick="navigateToUrlOrRoot('https://preliminary.istio.io/blog\/2019\/isolated-clusters\/');return false;">Next Release</a>
<a tabindex=-1 role=menuitem href=https://istio.io/archive>Older Releases</a></div></div><button id=search-show title="Search this site" aria-label=Search><svg class="icon magnifier"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#magnifier"/></svg></button></div><form id=search-form name=cse role=search><input type=hidden name=cx value=002184991200833970123:iwwf17ikgf4>
<input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8>
<input type=hidden name=hl value=en>
<input type=hidden id=search-page-url value=/v1.9/search>
<input id=search-textbox class=form-control name=q type=search aria-label="Search this site">
<button id=search-close title="Cancel search" type=reset aria-label="Cancel search"><svg class="icon cancel-x"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#cancel-x"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><div class=banner-container></div><main class=primary><div id=sidebar-container class="sidebar-container sidebar-offcanvas"><nav id=sidebar aria-label="Section Navigation"><div class=directory><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card0 title="Blog posts for 2021." aria-controls=card0-body><svg class="icon blog"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#blog"/></svg>2021 Posts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card0 role=region id=card0-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card0><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Product Security working group announces Patch Tuesdays, how 0-days and embargoes are handled, updates to the security best practices page and the notification of the early disclosure list (May 11, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/patch-tuesdays/>Updates to how Istio security releases are handled: Patch Tuesday, embargoes, and 0-days</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to use discovery selectors and how they intersect with Sidecar resources (April 30, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/discovery-selectors/>Use discovery selectors to configure namespaces for your Istio service mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Understanding the upcoming changes to Istio networking, how they may impact your cluster, and what action to take (April 15, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/upcoming-networking-changes/>Upcoming networking changes in Istio 1.10</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An update on Envoy and Istio's WebAssembly-based extensibility effort (March 5, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/wasm-progress/>Istio and Envoy WebAssembly Extensibility, One Year On</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A tutorial to help customers migrate from the deprecated v1alpha1 security policy to the supported v1beta1 version (March 3, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/migrate-alpha-policy/>Migrate pre-Istio 1.4 Alpha security policy to the current APIs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Understanding the benefits Istio brings, even when no configuration is used (February 25, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/zero-config-istio/>Zero Configuration Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn about sessions, panels, workshops and more on the IstioCon website (February 16, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/istiocon-2021-program/>IstioCon 2021: Schedule Is Live!</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="AuthorizationPolicy now supports CUSTOM action to delegate the authorization to external system (February 9, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/better-external-authz/>Better External Authorization</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card1 title="Blog posts for 2020." aria-controls=card1-body><svg class="icon blog"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#blog"/></svg>2020 Posts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card1 role=region id=card1-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card1><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploy multiple Istio egress gateways independently to have fine-grained control of egress communication from the mesh (December 16, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/proxying-legacy-services-using-egress-gateways/>Proxying legacy services using Istio egress gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to enable proxy protocol on AWS NLB and Istio ingress gateway (December 11, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/show-source-ip/>Proxy protocol on AWS NLB and Istio ingress gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The inaugural conference for Istio will take place at the end of February (December 8, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/istiocon-2021/>Join us for the first IstioCon in 2021!</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to ensure your clusters are not impacted by Docker Hub rate limiting (December 7, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/docker-rate-limit/>Handling Docker Hub rate limiting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Workload Local DNS resolution to simplify VM integration, multicluster, and more (November 12, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/dns-proxy/>Expanding into New Frontiers - Smart DNS Proxying in Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Announcing the four newest Istio Steering Committee members (September 29, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/steering-election-results/>2020 Steering Committee Election Results</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The effect of security policies on latency of requests (September 15, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/large-scale-security-policy-performance-tests/>Large Scale Security Policy Performance Tests</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A new deployment model for Istio (August 27, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/new-deployment-model/>Deploying Istio Control Planes Outside the Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Istio Steering Committee is now in part proportionally allocated to companies based on contribution, and in part elected by community members (August 24, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/steering-changes/>Introducing the new Istio steering committee</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An alternative sidecar proxy for Istio (July 28, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/mosn-proxy/>Using MOSN with Istio: an alternative data plane</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An update on trademarks and project governance (July 8, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/open-usage/>Open and neutral: transferring our trademarks to the Open Usage Commons</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A new way to manage installation of telemetry addons (June 4, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/addon-rework/>Reworking our Addon Integrations</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describing the new functionality of Workload Entries (May 21, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/workload-entry/>Introducing Workload Entries</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Simplifying Istio upgrades by offering safe canary deployments of the control plane (May 19, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/multiple-control-planes/>Safely Upgrade Istio using a Canary Control Plane Deployment</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configure the IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service Application Load Balancer to direct traffic to the Istio Ingress gateway with mutual TLS (May 15, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/alb-ingress-gateway-iks/>Direct encrypted traffic from IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service Ingress to Istio Ingress Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Community partner tooling of Wasm for Istio by Solo.io (March 25, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/wasmhub-istio/>Extended and Improved WebAssemblyHub to Bring the Power of WebAssembly to Envoy and Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A mechanism to acquire and share an application certificate and key through mounted files (March 25, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/proxy-cert/>Provision a certificate and key for an application without sidecars</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istiod consolidates the Istio control plane components into a single binary (March 19, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/istiod/>Introducing istiod: simplifying the control plane</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuring Wasm extensions for Envoy and Istio declaratively (March 16, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/deploy-wasm-declarative/>Declarative WebAssembly deployment for Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The future of Istio extensibility using WASM (March 5, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/wasm-announce/>Redefining extensibility in proxies - introducing WebAssembly to Envoy and Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A vision statement and roadmap for Istio in 2020 (March 3, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/tradewinds-2020/>Istio in 2020 - Following the Trade Winds</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A more secure way to manage secrets (February 20, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/istio-agent/>Remove cross-pod unix domain sockets</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Automating Istio configuration for Istio deployments (clusters) that work as a single mesh (January 5, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/multi-cluster-mesh-automation/>Multicluster Istio configuration and service discovery using Admiral</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card2 title="Blog posts for 2019." aria-controls=card2-body><svg class="icon blog"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#blog"/></svg>2019 Posts</button><div class="body default" aria-labelledby=card2 role=region id=card2-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card2><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provision and manage DNS certificates in Istio (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/dns-cert/>DNS Certificate Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Analyze your Istio configuration to detect potential issues and get general insights (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/introducing-istioctl-analyze/>Introducing istioctl analyze</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduction to Istio's new operator-based installation and control plane management feature (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/introducing-istio-operator/>Introducing the Istio Operator</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduction, motivation and design principles for the Istio v1beta1 Authorization Policy (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/v1beta1-authorization-policy/>Introducing the Istio v1beta1 Authorization Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Getting programmatic access to Istio resources (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/announcing-istio-client-go/>Announcing Istio client-go</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A more secure way to manage Istio webhooks (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/webhook/>Secure Webhook Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configure Istio ingress gateway to act as a proxy for external services (October 15, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/proxy/>Istio as a Proxy for External Services</a></li><li role=none><span role=treeitem class=current title="Deploy environments that require isolation into separate meshes and enable inter-mesh communication by mesh federation (October 2, 2019)">Multi-Mesh Deployments for Isolation and Boundary Protection</span></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How can you use Istio to monitor blocked and passthrough external traffic (September 28, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/monitoring-external-service-traffic/>Monitoring Blocked and Passthrough External Service Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Using Istio to secure multi-cloud Kubernetes applications with zero code changes (September 18, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/app-identity-and-access-adapter/>App Identity and Access Adapter</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Demonstrates a Mixer out-of-process adapter which implements the Knative scale-from-zero logic (September 18, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/knative-activator-adapter/>Mixer Adapter for Knative</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Taking advantage of Kubernetes trustworthy JWTs to issue certificates for workload instances more securely (September 10, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/trustworthy-jwt-sds/>Change in Secret Discovery Service in Istio 1.3</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The design principles behind Istio's APIs and how those APIs are evolving (August 5, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/evolving-istios-apis/>The Evolution of Istio's APIs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Comparison of alternative solutions to control egress traffic including performance considerations (July 22, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/egress-traffic-control-in-istio-part-3/>Secure Control of Egress Traffic in Istio, part 3</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Use Istio Egress Traffic Control to prevent attacks involving egress traffic (July 10, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/egress-traffic-control-in-istio-part-2/>Secure Control of Egress Traffic in Istio, part 2</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Tools and guidance for evaluating Istio's data plane performance (July 9, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/performance-best-practices/>Best Practices: Benchmarking Service Mesh Performance</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to extend the lifetime of Istio self-signed root certificate (June 7, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/root-transition/>Extending Istio Self-Signed Root Certificate Lifetime</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Attacks involving egress traffic and requirements for egress traffic control (May 22, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/egress-traffic-control-in-istio-part-1/>Secure Control of Egress Traffic in Istio, part 1</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An overview of Istio 1.1 performance (March 19, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/istio1.1_perf/>Architecting Istio 1.1 for Performance</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuring Istio route rules in a multicluster service mesh (February 7, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/multicluster-version-routing/>Version Routing in a Multicluster Service Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Announces the new Istio blog policy (February 5, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/sail-the-blog/>Sail the Blog!</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="De-mystify how Istio manages to plugin its data-plane components into an existing deployment (January 31, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/data-plane-setup/>Demystifying Istio's Sidecar Injection Model</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Verifies the performance impact of adding an egress gateway (January 31, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/egress-performance/>Egress Gateway Performance Investigation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Addressing application startup ordering and startup latency using AppSwitch (January 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/appswitch/>Sidestepping Dependency Ordering with AppSwitch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to deploy a custom ingress gateway using cert-manager manually (January 10, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/custom-ingress-gateway/>Deploy a Custom Ingress Gateway Using Cert-Manager</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio has a new discussion board (January 10, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/announcing-discuss.istio.io/>Announcing discuss.istio.io</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card3 title="Blog posts for 2018." aria-controls=card3-body><svg class="icon blog"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#blog"/></svg>2018 Posts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card3 role=region id=card3-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card3><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to use Istio for traffic management without deploying sidecar proxies (November 21, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/incremental-traffic-management/>Incremental Istio Part 1, Traffic Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes a simple scenario based on Istio's Bookinfo example (November 16, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/egress-mongo/>Consuming External MongoDB Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio hosting an all day Twitch stream to celebrate the 1.0 release (August 3, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/istio-twitch-stream/>All Day Istio Twitch Stream</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How HP is building its next-generation footwear personalization platform on Istio (July 31, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/hp/>Istio a Game Changer for HP's FitStation Platform</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Automatic application onboarding and latency optimizations using AppSwitch (July 30, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/delayering-istio/>Delayering Istio with AppSwitch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describe Istio's authorization feature and how to use it in various use cases (July 20, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/istio-authorization/>Micro-Segmentation with Istio Authorization</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to export Istio Access Logs to different sinks like BigQuery, GCS, Pub/Sub through Stackdriver (July 9, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/export-logs-through-stackdriver/>Exporting Logs to BigQuery, GCS, Pub/Sub through Stackdriver</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio for monitoring and access policies of HTTP egress traffic (June 22, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/egress-monitoring-access-control/>Monitoring and Access Policies for HTTP Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduction, motivation and design principles for the Istio v1alpha3 routing API (April 25, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/v1alpha3-routing/>Introducing the Istio v1alpha3 routing API</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio ingress with a network load balancer on AWS (April 20, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/aws-nlb/>Configuring Istio Ingress with AWS NLB</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Using Kubernetes namespaces and RBAC to create an Istio soft multi-tenancy environment (April 19, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/soft-multitenancy/>Istio Soft Multi-Tenancy Support</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An introduction to safer, lower-risk deployments and release to production (February 8, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/traffic-mirroring/>Traffic Mirroring with Istio for Testing in Production</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes a simple scenario based on Istio's Bookinfo example (February 6, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/egress-tcp/>Consuming External TCP Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes a simple scenario based on Istio's Bookinfo example (January 31, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/egress-https/>Consuming External Web Services</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card4 title="Blog posts for 2017." aria-controls=card4-body><svg class="icon blog"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#blog"/></svg>2017 Posts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card4 role=region id=card4-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card4><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Improving availability and reducing latency (December 7, 2017)" href=/v1.9/blog/2017/mixer-spof-myth/>Mixer and the SPOF Myth</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provides an overview of Mixer's plug-in architecture (November 3, 2017)" href=/v1.9/blog/2017/adapter-model/>Mixer Adapter Model</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How Kubernetes Network Policy relates to Istio policy (August 10, 2017)" href=/v1.9/blog/2017/0.1-using-network-policy/>Using Network Policy with Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Using Istio to create autoscaled canary deployments (June 14, 2017)" href=/v1.9/blog/2017/0.1-canary/>Canary Deployments using Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Authentication 0.1 announcement (May 25, 2017)" href=/v1.9/blog/2017/0.1-auth/>Using Istio to Improve End-to-End Security</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav></div><div class=article-container><button tabindex=-1 id=sidebar-toggler title="Toggle the navigation bar"><svg class="icon pull"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#pull"/></svg></button><nav aria-label=Breadcrumb><ol><li><a href=/v1.9/ title="Connect, secure, control, and observe services.">Istio</a></li><li><a href=/v1.9/blog/ title="Posts about using Istio.">Blog</a></li><li><a href=/v1.9/blog/2019/ title="Blog posts for 2019.">2019 Posts</a></li><li>Multi-Mesh Deployments for Isolation and Boundary Protection</li></ol></nav><article aria-labelledby=title><div class=title-area><div style=width:100%><h1 id=title>Multi-Mesh Deployments for Isolation and Boundary Protection</h1><p class=subtitle>Separate applications that require isolation into multiple meshes using mesh federation to enable inter-mesh communication</p><p class=byline><span>By</span>
<span class=attribution>Vadim Eisenberg (IBM)</span><span> | </span><span><svg class="icon calendar"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#calendar"/></svg><span>&nbsp;</span>October 2, 2019</span><span> | </span><span title="1231 words"><svg class="icon clock"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#clock"/></svg><span>&nbsp;</span>6 minute read</span>
<span>&nbsp;</span>
<span></span></p></div></div><nav class=toc-inlined aria-label="Table of Contents"><div><hr><ol><li role=none aria-label="Isolation and boundary protection"><a href=#isolation-and-boundary-protection>Isolation and boundary protection</a><li role=none aria-label="Features of multi-mesh deployments"><a href=#features-of-multi-mesh-deployments>Features of multi-mesh deployments</a><li role=none aria-label="The current mesh-federation work"><a href=#the-current-mesh-federation-work>The current mesh-federation work</a><li role=none aria-label=Summary><a href=#summary>Summary</a><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol><hr></div></nav><div><aside class="callout warning"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#callout-warning"/></svg></div><div class=content>This blog post was written assuming Istio 1.3, so some of this content may now be outdated.</div></aside></div><p>Various compliance standards require protection of sensitive data environments. Some of the important standards and the
types of sensitive data they protect appear in the following table:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Standard</th><th>Sensitive data</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/pci_security>PCI DSS</a></td><td>payment card data</td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://www.fedramp.gov>FedRAMP</a></td><td>federal information, data and metadata</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/search/pagedetails.action?granuleId=CRPT-104hrpt736&packageId=CRPT-104hrpt736">HIPAA</a></td><td>personal health data</td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://gdpr-info.eu>GDPR</a></td><td>personal data</td></tr></tbody></table><p><a href=https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/pci_security>PCI DSS</a>, for example, recommends putting cardholder data
environment on a network, separate from the rest of the system. It also requires using a <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMZ_(computing)>DMZ</a>,
and setting firewalls between the public Internet and the DMZ, and between the DMZ and the internal network.</p><p>Isolation of sensitive data environments from other information systems can reduce the scope of the compliance checks
and improve the security of the sensitive data. Reducing the scope reduces the risks of failing a compliance check and
reduces the costs of compliance since there are less components to check and secure, according to compliance
requirements.</p><p>You can achieve isolation of sensitive data by separating the parts of the application that process that data
into a separate service mesh, preferably on a separate network, and then connect the meshes with different
compliance requirements together in a <span class=term data-title=Multi-Mesh data-body='<p>Multi-mesh is a deployment model that consists of two or more <a href="/docs/reference/glossary/#service-mesh">service meshes</a>.
Each mesh has independent administration for naming and identities but you can
expose services between meshes through <a href="/docs/reference/glossary/#mesh-federation">mesh federation</a>.
The resulting deployment is a multi-mesh deployment.</p>'>multi-mesh</span> deployment.
The process of connecting inter-mesh
applications is called <span class=term data-title="Mesh Federation" data-body='<p>Mesh federation is the act of exposing services between meshes and enabling
communication across mesh boundaries. Each mesh may expose a subset of its
services to enable one or more other meshes to consume the exposed services. You
can use mesh federation to enable communication between meshes in a
<a href="/docs/ops/deployment/deployment-models/#multiple-meshes">multi-mesh deployment</a>.</p>'>mesh federation</span>.</p><p>Note that using mesh federation to create a multi-mesh deployment is very different than creating a
<span class=term data-title=Multicluster data-body='<p>Multicluster is a deployment model that consists of a
<a href="/docs/reference/glossary/#service-mesh">mesh</a> with multiple
<a href="/docs/reference/glossary/#cluster">clusters</a>.</p>'>multicluster</span> deployment, which defines a single service mesh composed from services spanning more than one cluster. Unlike multi-mesh, a multicluster deployment is not suitable for
applications that require isolation and boundary protection.</p><p>In this blog post I describe the requirements for isolation and boundary protection, and outline the principles of
multi-mesh deployments. Finally, I touch on the current state of mesh-federation support and automation work under way for
Istio.</p><h2 id=isolation-and-boundary-protection>Isolation and boundary protection</h2><p>Isolation and boundary protection mechanisms are explained in the
<a href=http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-53r4>NIST Special Publication 800-53, Revision 4, Security and Privacy Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations</a>,
<em>Appendix F, Security Control Catalog, SC-7 Boundary Protection</em>.</p><p>In particular, the <em>Boundary protection, isolation of information system components</em> control enhancement:</p><div><aside class="callout quote"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#callout-quote"/></svg></div><div class=content>Organizations can isolate information system components performing different missions and/or business functions.
Such isolation limits unauthorized information flows among system components and also provides the opportunity to deploy
greater levels of protection for selected components. Separating system components with boundary protection mechanisms
provides the capability for increased protection of individual components and to more effectively control information
flows between those components. This type of enhanced protection limits the potential harm from cyber attacks and
errors. The degree of separation provided varies depending upon the mechanisms chosen. Boundary protection mechanisms
include, for example, routers, gateways, and firewalls separating system components into physically separate networks or
subnetworks, cross-domain devices separating subnetworks, virtualization techniques, and encrypting information flows
among system components using distinct encryption keys.</div></aside></div><p>Various compliance standards recommend isolating environments that process sensitive data from the rest of the
organization.
The <a href=https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/pci_security/>Payment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standard</a>
recommends implementing network isolation for <em>cardholder data</em> environment and requires isolating this environment from
the <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMZ_(computing)>DMZ</a>.
<a href=https://www.fedramp.gov/assets/resources/documents/CSP_A_FedRAMP_Authorization_Boundary_Guidance.pdf>FedRAMP Authorization Boundary Guidance</a>
describes <em>authorization boundary</em> for federal information and data, while
<a href=https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-37r2>NIST Special Publication 800-37, Revision 2, Risk Management Framework for Information Systems and Organizations: A System Life Cycle Approach for Security and Privacy</a>
recommends protecting of such a boundary in <em>Appendix G, Authorization Boundary Considerations</em>:</p><div><aside class="callout quote"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#callout-quote"/></svg></div><div class=content>Dividing a system into subsystems (i.e., divide and conquer) facilitates a targeted application of controls to achieve
adequate security, protection of individual privacy, and a cost-effective risk management process. Dividing complex
systems into subsystems also supports the important security concepts of domain separation and network segmentation,
which can be significant when dealing with high value assets. When systems are divided into subsystems, organizations
may choose to develop individual subsystem security and privacy plans or address the system and subsystems in the same
security and privacy plans.
Information security and privacy architectures play a key part in the process of dividing complex systems into
subsystems. This includes monitoring and controlling communications at internal boundaries among subsystems and
selecting, allocating, and implementing controls that meet or exceed the security and privacy requirements of the
constituent subsystems.</div></aside></div><p>Boundary protection, in particular, means:</p><ul><li>put an access control mechanism at the boundary (firewall, gateway, etc.)</li><li>monitor the incoming/outgoing traffic at the boundary</li><li>all the access control mechanisms must be <em>deny-all</em> by default</li><li>do not expose private IP addresses from the boundary</li><li>do not let components from outside the boundary to impact security inside the boundary</li></ul><p>Multi-mesh deployments facilitate division of a system into subsystems with different
security and compliance requirements, and facilitate the boundary protection.
You put each subsystem into a separate service mesh, preferably on a separate network.
You connect the Istio meshes using gateways. The gateways monitor and control cross-mesh traffic at the boundary of
each mesh.</p><h2 id=features-of-multi-mesh-deployments>Features of multi-mesh deployments</h2><ul><li><strong>non-uniform naming</strong>. The <code>withdraw</code> service in the <code>accounts</code> namespace in one mesh might have
different functionality and API than the <code>withdraw</code> services in the <code>accounts</code> namespace in other meshes.
Such situation could happen in an organization where there is no uniform policy on naming of namespaces and services, or
when the meshes belong to different organizations.</li><li><strong>expose-nothing by default</strong>. None of the services in a mesh are exposed by default, the mesh owners must
explicitly specify which services are exposed.</li><li><strong>boundary protection</strong>. The access control of the traffic must be enforced at the ingress gateway, which stops
forbidden traffic from entering the mesh. This requirement implements
<a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_in_depth_(computing)>Defense-in-depth principle</a> and is part of some compliance
standards, such as the
<a href=https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/pci_security/>Payment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standard</a>.</li><li><strong>common trust may not exist</strong>. The Istio sidecars in one mesh may not trust the Citadel certificates in other
meshes, due to some security requirement or due to the fact that the mesh owners did not initially plan to federate
the meshes.</li></ul><p>While <strong>expose-nothing by default</strong> and <strong>boundary protection</strong> are required to facilitate compliance and improve
security, <strong>non-uniform naming</strong> and <strong>common trust may not exist</strong> are required when connecting
meshes of different organizations, or of an organization that cannot enforce uniform naming or cannot or may not
establish common trust between the meshes.</p><p>An optional feature that you may want to use is <strong>service location transparency</strong>: consuming services send requests
to the exposed services in remote meshes using local service names. The consuming services are oblivious to the fact
that some of the destinations are in remote meshes and some are local services. The access is uniform, using the local
service names, for example, in Kubernetes, <code>reviews.default.svc.cluster.local</code>.
<strong>Service location transparency</strong> is useful in the cases when you want to be able to change the location of the
consumed services, for example when some service is migrated from private cloud to public cloud, without changing the
code of your applications.</p><h2 id=the-current-mesh-federation-work>The current mesh-federation work</h2><p>While you can perform mesh federation using standard Istio configurations already today,
it requires writing a lot of boilerplate YAML files and is error-prone. There is an effort under way to automate
the mesh federation process. In the meantime, you can look at these
<a href=https://github.com/istio-ecosystem/multi-mesh-examples>multi-mesh deployment examples</a>
to get an idea of what a generated federation might include.</p><h2 id=summary>Summary</h2><p>In this blog post I described the requirements for isolation and boundary protection of sensitive data environments by
using Istio multi-mesh deployments. I outlined the principles of Istio
multi-mesh deployments and reported the current work on
mesh federation in Istio.</p><p>I will be happy to hear your opinion about <span class=term data-title=Multi-Mesh data-body='<p>Multi-mesh is a deployment model that consists of two or more <a href="/docs/reference/glossary/#service-mesh">service meshes</a>.
Each mesh has independent administration for naming and identities but you can
expose services between meshes through <a href="/docs/reference/glossary/#mesh-federation">mesh federation</a>.
The resulting deployment is a multi-mesh deployment.</p>'>multi-mesh</span> and
<span class=term data-title=Multicluster data-body='<p>Multicluster is a deployment model that consists of a
<a href="/docs/reference/glossary/#service-mesh">mesh</a> with multiple
<a href="/docs/reference/glossary/#cluster">clusters</a>.</p>'>multicluster</span> at <a href=https://discuss.istio.io>discuss.istio.io</a>.</p><nav id=see-also><h2>See also</h2><div class=see-also><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/blog/2019/egress-traffic-control-in-istio-part-3/>Secure Control of Egress Traffic in Istio, part 3</a></p><p class=desc>Comparison of alternative solutions to control egress traffic including performance considerations.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/blog/2019/egress-traffic-control-in-istio-part-2/>Secure Control of Egress Traffic in Istio, part 2</a></p><p class=desc>Use Istio Egress Traffic Control to prevent attacks involving egress traffic.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/blog/2020/multi-cluster-mesh-automation/>Multicluster Istio configuration and service discovery using Admiral</a></p><p class=desc>Automating Istio configuration for Istio deployments (clusters) that work as a single mesh.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/blog/2019/egress-traffic-control-in-istio-part-1/>Secure Control of Egress Traffic in Istio, part 1</a></p><p class=desc>Attacks involving egress traffic and requirements for egress traffic control.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/blog/2019/multicluster-version-routing/>Version Routing in a Multicluster Service Mesh</a></p><p class=desc>Configuring Istio route rules in a multicluster service mesh.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/blog/2018/incremental-traffic-management/>Incremental Istio Part 1, Traffic Management</a></p><p class=desc>How to use Istio for traffic management without deploying sidecar proxies.</p></div></div></nav></article><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="Configure Istio ingress gateway to act as a proxy for external services." href=/v1.9/blog/2019/proxy/><svg class="icon left-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>Istio as a Proxy for External Services</a></div><div class=right><a title="How can you use Istio to monitor blocked and passthrough external traffic." href=/v1.9/blog/2019/monitoring-external-service-traffic/>Monitoring Blocked and Passthrough External Service Traffic<svg class="icon right-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#right-arrow"/></svg></a></div></nav><div id=feedback><div id=feedback-initial>Was this information useful?<br><button class="btn feedback" onclick="sendFeedback('en',1)">Yes</button>
<button class="btn feedback" onclick="sendFeedback('en',0)">No</button></div><div id=feedback-comment>Do you have any suggestions for improvement?<br><br><input id=feedback-textbox type=text placeholder="Help us improve..." data-lang=en></div><div id=feedback-thankyou>Thanks for your feedback!</div></div><div id=endnotes-container aria-hidden=true><h2>Links</h2><ol id=endnotes></ol></div></div><div class=toc-container><nav class=toc aria-label="Table of Contents"><div id=toc><ol><li role=none aria-label="Isolation and boundary protection"><a href=#isolation-and-boundary-protection>Isolation and boundary protection</a><li role=none aria-label="Features of multi-mesh deployments"><a href=#features-of-multi-mesh-deployments>Features of multi-mesh deployments</a><li role=none aria-label="The current mesh-federation work"><a href=#the-current-mesh-federation-work>The current mesh-federation work</a><li role=none aria-label=Summary><a href=#summary>Summary</a><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol></div></nav></div></main><footer><div class=user-links><a class=channel title="Go download Istio 1.9.5 now" href=/v1.9/docs/setup/getting-started/#download aria-label="Download Istio"><span>download</span><svg class="icon download"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#download"/></svg>
</a><a class=channel title="Join the Istio discussion board to participate in discussions and get help troubleshooting problems" href=https://discuss.istio.io aria-label="Istio discussion board"><span>discuss</span><svg class="icon discourse"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#discourse"/></svg></a>
<a class=channel title="Stack Overflow is where you can ask questions and find curated answers on deploying, configuring, and using Istio" href=https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/istio aria-label="Stack Overflow"><span>stack overflow</span><svg class="icon stackoverflow"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#stackoverflow"/></svg></a>
<a class=channel title="Interactively discuss issues with the Istio community on Slack" href=https://slack.istio.io aria-label=slack><span>slack</span><svg class="icon slack"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#slack"/></svg></a>
<a class=channel title="Follow us on Twitter to get the latest news" href=https://twitter.com/IstioMesh aria-label=Twitter><span>twitter</span><svg class="icon twitter"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#twitter"/></svg></a><div class=tag>for everyone</div></div><div class=info><p class=copyright>Istio Archive
1.9.5<br>&copy; 2020 Istio Authors, <a href=https://policies.google.com/privacy>Privacy Policy</a><br>Archived on May 18, 2021</p></div><div class=dev-links><a class=channel title="GitHub is where development takes place on Istio code" href=https://github.com/istio/community aria-label=GitHub><span>github</span><svg class="icon github"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#github"/></svg></a>
<a class=channel title="Access our team drive if you'd like to take a look at the Istio technical design documents" href=https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/istio-team-drive-access aria-label="team drive"><span>drive</span><svg class="icon drive"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#drive"/></svg></a>
<a class=channel title="If you'd like to contribute to the Istio project, consider participating in our working groups" href=https://github.com/istio/community/blob/master/WORKING-GROUPS.md aria-label="working groups"><span>working groups</span><svg class="icon working-groups"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#working-groups"/></svg></a><div class=tag>for developers</div></div></footer><script src=https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.7/umd/popper.min.js defer></script><div id=scroll-to-top-container aria-hidden=true><button id=scroll-to-top title="Back to top"><svg class="icon top"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#top"/></svg></button></div></body></html>