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href=/v1.9/blog/2021/patch-tuesdays/>Updates to how Istio security releases are handled: Patch Tuesday, embargoes, and 0-days</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to use discovery selectors and how they intersect with Sidecar resources (April 30, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/discovery-selectors/>Use discovery selectors to configure namespaces for your Istio service mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Understanding the upcoming changes to Istio networking, how they may impact your cluster, and what action to take (April 15, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/upcoming-networking-changes/>Upcoming networking changes in Istio 1.10</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An update on Envoy and Istio's WebAssembly-based extensibility effort (March 5, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/wasm-progress/>Istio and Envoy WebAssembly Extensibility, One Year On</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A tutorial to help customers migrate from the deprecated v1alpha1 security policy to the supported v1beta1 version (March 3, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/migrate-alpha-policy/>Migrate pre-Istio 1.4 Alpha security policy to the current APIs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Understanding the benefits Istio brings, even when no configuration is used (February 25, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/zero-config-istio/>Zero Configuration Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn about sessions, panels, workshops and more on the IstioCon website (February 16, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/istiocon-2021-program/>IstioCon 2021: Schedule Is Live!</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="AuthorizationPolicy now supports CUSTOM action to delegate the authorization to external system (February 9, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/better-external-authz/>Better External Authorization</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card1 title="Blog posts for 2020." aria-controls=card1-body><svg class="icon blog"><use 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your clusters are not impacted by Docker Hub rate limiting (December 7, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/docker-rate-limit/>Handling Docker Hub rate limiting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Workload Local DNS resolution to simplify VM integration, multicluster, and more (November 12, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/dns-proxy/>Expanding into New Frontiers - Smart DNS Proxying in Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Announcing the four newest Istio Steering Committee members (September 29, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/steering-election-results/>2020 Steering Committee Election Results</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The effect of security policies on latency of requests (September 15, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/large-scale-security-policy-performance-tests/>Large Scale Security Policy Performance Tests</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A new deployment model for Istio (August 27, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/new-deployment-model/>Deploying Istio Control Planes Outside the Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Istio Steering Committee is now in part proportionally allocated to companies based on contribution, and in part elected by community members (August 24, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/steering-changes/>Introducing the new Istio steering committee</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An alternative sidecar proxy for Istio (July 28, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/mosn-proxy/>Using MOSN with Istio: an alternative data plane</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An update on trademarks and project governance (July 8, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/open-usage/>Open and neutral: transferring our trademarks to the Open Usage Commons</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A new way to manage installation of telemetry addons (June 4, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/addon-rework/>Reworking our Addon Integrations</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describing the new functionality of Workload Entries (May 21, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/workload-entry/>Introducing Workload Entries</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Simplifying Istio upgrades by offering safe canary deployments of the control plane (May 19, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/multiple-control-planes/>Safely Upgrade Istio using a Canary Control Plane Deployment</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configure the IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service Application Load Balancer to direct traffic to the Istio Ingress gateway with mutual TLS (May 15, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/alb-ingress-gateway-iks/>Direct encrypted traffic from IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service Ingress to Istio Ingress Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Community partner tooling of Wasm for Istio by Solo.io (March 25, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/wasmhub-istio/>Extended and Improved WebAssemblyHub to Bring the Power of WebAssembly to Envoy and Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A mechanism to acquire and share an application certificate and key through mounted files (March 25, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/proxy-cert/>Provision a certificate and key for an application without sidecars</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istiod consolidates the Istio control plane components into a single binary (March 19, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/istiod/>Introducing istiod: simplifying the control plane</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuring Wasm extensions for Envoy and Istio declaratively (March 16, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/deploy-wasm-declarative/>Declarative WebAssembly deployment for Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The future of Istio extensibility using WASM (March 5, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/wasm-announce/>Redefining extensibility in proxies - introducing WebAssembly to Envoy and Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A vision statement and roadmap for Istio in 2020 (March 3, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/tradewinds-2020/>Istio in 2020 - Following the Trade Winds</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A more secure way to manage secrets (February 20, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/istio-agent/>Remove cross-pod unix domain sockets</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Automating Istio configuration for Istio deployments (clusters) that work as a single mesh (January 5, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/multi-cluster-mesh-automation/>Multicluster Istio configuration and service discovery using Admiral</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card2 title="Blog posts for 2019." aria-controls=card2-body><svg class="icon blog"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#blog"/></svg>2019 Posts</button><div class="body default" aria-labelledby=card2 role=region id=card2-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card2><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provision and manage DNS certificates in Istio (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/dns-cert/>DNS Certificate Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Analyze your Istio configuration to detect potential issues and get general insights (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/introducing-istioctl-analyze/>Introducing istioctl analyze</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduction to Istio's new operator-based installation and control plane management feature (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/introducing-istio-operator/>Introducing the Istio Operator</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduction, motivation and design principles for the Istio v1beta1 Authorization Policy (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/v1beta1-authorization-policy/>Introducing the Istio v1beta1 Authorization Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Getting programmatic access to Istio resources (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/announcing-istio-client-go/>Announcing Istio client-go</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A more secure way to manage Istio webhooks (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/webhook/>Secure Webhook Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configure Istio ingress gateway to act as a proxy for external services (October 15, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/proxy/>Istio as a Proxy for External Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploy environments that require isolation into separate meshes and enable inter-mesh communication by mesh federation (October 2, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/isolated-clusters/>Multi-Mesh Deployments for Isolation and Boundary Protection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How can you use Istio to monitor blocked and passthrough external traffic (September 28, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/monitoring-external-service-traffic/>Monitoring Blocked and Passthrough External Service Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Using Istio to secure multi-cloud Kubernetes applications with zero code changes (September 18, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/app-identity-and-access-adapter/>App Identity and Access Adapter</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Demonstrates a Mixer out-of-process adapter which implements the Knative scale-from-zero logic (September 18, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/knative-activator-adapter/>Mixer Adapter for Knative</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Taking advantage of Kubernetes trustworthy JWTs to issue certificates for workload instances more securely (September 10, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/trustworthy-jwt-sds/>Change in Secret Discovery Service in Istio 1.3</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The design principles behind Istio's APIs and how those APIs are evolving (August 5, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/evolving-istios-apis/>The Evolution of Istio's APIs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Comparison of alternative solutions to control egress traffic including performance considerations (July 22, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/egress-traffic-control-in-istio-part-3/>Secure Control of Egress Traffic in Istio, part 3</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Use Istio Egress Traffic Control to prevent attacks involving egress traffic (July 10, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/egress-traffic-control-in-istio-part-2/>Secure Control of Egress Traffic in Istio, part 2</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Tools and guidance for evaluating Istio's data plane performance (July 9, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/performance-best-practices/>Best Practices: Benchmarking Service Mesh Performance</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to extend the lifetime of Istio self-signed root certificate (June 7, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/root-transition/>Extending Istio Self-Signed Root Certificate Lifetime</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Attacks involving egress traffic and requirements for egress traffic control (May 22, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/egress-traffic-control-in-istio-part-1/>Secure Control of Egress Traffic in Istio, part 1</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An overview of Istio 1.1 performance (March 19, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/istio1.1_perf/>Architecting Istio 1.1 for Performance</a></li><li role=none><span role=treeitem class=current title="Configuring Istio route rules in a multicluster service mesh (February 7, 2019)">Version Routing in a Multicluster Service Mesh</span></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Announces the new Istio blog policy (February 5, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/sail-the-blog/>Sail the Blog!</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="De-mystify how Istio manages to plugin its data-plane components into an existing deployment (January 31, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/data-plane-setup/>Demystifying Istio's Sidecar Injection Model</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Verifies the performance impact of adding an egress gateway (January 31, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/egress-performance/>Egress Gateway Performance Investigation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Addressing application startup ordering and startup latency using AppSwitch (January 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/appswitch/>Sidestepping Dependency Ordering with AppSwitch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to deploy a custom ingress gateway using cert-manager manually (January 10, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/custom-ingress-gateway/>Deploy a Custom Ingress Gateway Using Cert-Manager</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio has a new discussion board (January 10, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/announcing-discuss.istio.io/>Announcing discuss.istio.io</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card3 title="Blog posts for 2018." aria-controls=card3-body><svg class="icon blog"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#blog"/></svg>2018 Posts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card3 role=region id=card3-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card3><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to use Istio for traffic management without deploying sidecar proxies (November 21, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/incremental-traffic-management/>Incremental Istio Part 1, Traffic Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes a simple scenario based on Istio's Bookinfo example (November 16, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/egress-mongo/>Consuming External MongoDB Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio hosting an all day Twitch stream to celebrate the 1.0 release (August 3, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/istio-twitch-stream/>All Day Istio Twitch Stream</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How HP is building its next-generation footwear personalization platform on Istio (July 31, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/hp/>Istio a Game Changer for HP's FitStation Platform</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Automatic application onboarding and latency optimizations using AppSwitch (July 30, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/delayering-istio/>Delayering Istio with AppSwitch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describe Istio's authorization feature and how to use it in various use cases (July 20, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/istio-authorization/>Micro-Segmentation with Istio Authorization</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to export Istio Access Logs to different sinks like BigQuery, GCS, Pub/Sub through Stackdriver (July 9, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/export-logs-through-stackdriver/>Exporting Logs to BigQuery, GCS, Pub/Sub through Stackdriver</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio for monitoring and access policies of HTTP egress traffic (June 22, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/egress-monitoring-access-control/>Monitoring and Access Policies for HTTP Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduction, motivation and design principles for the Istio v1alpha3 routing API (April 25, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/v1alpha3-routing/>Introducing the Istio v1alpha3 routing API</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio ingress with a network load balancer on AWS (April 20, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/aws-nlb/>Configuring Istio Ingress with AWS NLB</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Using Kubernetes namespaces and RBAC to create an Istio soft multi-tenancy environment (April 19, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/soft-multitenancy/>Istio Soft Multi-Tenancy Support</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An introduction to safer, lower-risk deployments and release to production (February 8, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/traffic-mirroring/>Traffic Mirroring with Istio for Testing in Production</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes a simple scenario based on Istio's Bookinfo example (February 6, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/egress-tcp/>Consuming External TCP Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes a simple scenario based on Istio's Bookinfo example (January 31, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/egress-https/>Consuming External Web Services</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card4 title="Blog posts for 2017." aria-controls=card4-body><svg class="icon blog"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#blog"/></svg>2017 Posts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card4 role=region id=card4-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card4><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Improving availability and reducing latency (December 7, 2017)" href=/v1.9/blog/2017/mixer-spof-myth/>Mixer and the SPOF Myth</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provides an overview of Mixer's plug-in architecture (November 3, 2017)" href=/v1.9/blog/2017/adapter-model/>Mixer Adapter Model</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How Kubernetes Network Policy relates to Istio policy (August 10, 2017)" href=/v1.9/blog/2017/0.1-using-network-policy/>Using Network Policy with Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Using Istio to create autoscaled canary deployments (June 14, 2017)" href=/v1.9/blog/2017/0.1-canary/>Canary Deployments using Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Authentication 0.1 announcement (May 25, 2017)" href=/v1.9/blog/2017/0.1-auth/>Using Istio to Improve End-to-End Security</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav></div><div class=article-container><button tabindex=-1 id=sidebar-toggler title="Toggle the navigation bar"><svg class="icon pull"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#pull"/></svg></button><nav aria-label=Breadcrumb><ol><li><a href=/v1.9/ title="Connect, secure, control, and observe services.">Istio</a></li><li><a href=/v1.9/blog/ title="Posts about using Istio.">Blog</a></li><li><a href=/v1.9/blog/2019/ title="Blog posts for 2019.">2019 Posts</a></li><li>Version Routing in a Multicluster Service Mesh</li></ol></nav><article aria-labelledby=title><div class=title-area><div style=width:100%><h1 id=title>Version Routing in a Multicluster Service Mesh</h1><p class=byline><span>By</span>
<span class=attribution>Frank Budinsky (IBM)</span><span> | </span><span><svg class="icon calendar"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#calendar"/></svg><span>&nbsp;</span>February 7, 2019</span><span> | </span><span title="1563 words"><svg class="icon clock"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#clock"/></svg><span>&nbsp;</span>8 minute read</span>
<span>&nbsp;</span>
<span></span></p></div></div><nav class=toc-inlined aria-label="Table of Contents"><div><hr><ol><li role=none aria-label="Set up clusters"><a href=#set-up-clusters>Set up clusters</a><li role=none aria-label="Deploy version v1 of the bookinfo application in cluster1"><a href=#deploy-version-v1-of-the-bookinfo-application-in-cluster1>Deploy version v1 of the <code>bookinfo</code> application in <code>cluster1</code></a><li role=none aria-label="Deploy bookinfo v2 and v3 services in cluster2"><a href=#deploy-bookinfo-v2-and-v3-services-in-cluster2>Deploy <code>bookinfo</code> v2 and v3 services in <code>cluster2</code></a><li role=none aria-label="Access the bookinfo application"><a href=#access-the-bookinfo-application>Access the <code>bookinfo</code> application</a><li role=none aria-label="Create a service entry and destination rule on cluster1 for the remote reviews service"><a href=#create-a-service-entry-and-destination-rule-on-cluster1-for-the-remote-reviews-service>Create a service entry and destination rule on <code>cluster1</code> for the remote reviews service</a><li role=none aria-label="Create a destination rule on both clusters for the local reviews service"><a href=#create-a-destination-rule-on-both-clusters-for-the-local-reviews-service>Create a destination rule on both clusters for the local reviews service</a><li role=none aria-label="Create a virtual service to route reviews service traffic"><a href=#create-a-virtual-service-to-route-reviews-service-traffic>Create a virtual service to route reviews service traffic</a><li role=none aria-label=Summary><a href=#summary>Summary</a><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol><hr></div></nav><div><aside class="callout warning"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#callout-warning"/></svg></div><div class=content>This blog post was written assuming Istio 1, so some of this content may now be outdated.</div></aside></div><p>If you&rsquo;ve spent any time looking at Istio, you&rsquo;ve probably noticed that it includes a lot of features that
can be demonstrated with simple <a href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/>tasks</a> and <a href=/v1.9/docs/examples/>examples</a>
running on a single Kubernetes cluster.
Because most, if not all, real-world cloud and microservices-based applications are not that simple
and will need to have the services distributed and running in more than one location, you may be
wondering if all these things will be just as simple in your real production environment.</p><p>Fortunately, Istio provides several ways to configure a service mesh so that applications
can, more-or-less transparently, be part of a mesh where the services are running
in more than one cluster, i.e., in a
<a href=/v1.9/docs/ops/deployment/deployment-models/#multiple-clusters>multicluster deployment</a>.
The simplest way to set up a multicluster mesh, because it has no special networking requirements,
is using a replicated
<a href=/v1.9/docs/ops/deployment/deployment-models/#control-plane-models>control plane model</a>.
In this configuration, each Kubernetes cluster contributing to the mesh has its own control plane,
but each control plane is synchronized and running under a single administrative control.</p><p>In this article we&rsquo;ll look at how one of the features of Istio,
<a href=/v1.9/docs/concepts/traffic-management/>traffic management</a>, works in a multicluster mesh with
a dedicated control plane topology.
We&rsquo;ll show how to configure Istio route rules to call remote services in a multicluster service mesh
by deploying the <a href=https://github.com/istio/istio/tree/release-1.9/samples/bookinfo>Bookinfo sample</a> with version <code>v1</code> of the <code>reviews</code> service
running in one cluster, versions <code>v2</code> and <code>v3</code> running in a second cluster.</p><h2 id=set-up-clusters>Set up clusters</h2><p>To start, you&rsquo;ll need two Kubernetes clusters, both running a slightly customized configuration of Istio.</p><ul><li><p>Set up a multicluster environment with two Istio clusters by following the
<a href=/v1.9/docs/setup/install/multicluster>replicated control planes</a> instructions.</p></li><li><p>The <code>kubectl</code> command is used to access both clusters with the <code>--context</code> flag.
Use the following command to list your contexts:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl config get-contexts
CURRENT NAME CLUSTER AUTHINFO NAMESPACE
* cluster1 cluster1 user@foo.com default
cluster2 cluster2 user@foo.com default
</code></pre></li><li><p>Export the following environment variables with the context names of your configuration:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ export CTX_CLUSTER1=&lt;cluster1 context name&gt;
$ export CTX_CLUSTER2=&lt;cluster2 context name&gt;
</code></pre></li></ul><h2 id=deploy-version-v1-of-the-bookinfo-application-in-cluster1>Deploy version v1 of the <code>bookinfo</code> application in <code>cluster1</code></h2><p>Run the <code>productpage</code> and <code>details</code> services and version <code>v1</code> of the <code>reviews</code> service in <code>cluster1</code>:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl label --context=$CTX_CLUSTER1 namespace default istio-injection=enabled
$ kubectl apply --context=$CTX_CLUSTER1 -f - &lt;&lt;EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: productpage
labels:
app: productpage
spec:
ports:
- port: 9080
name: http
selector:
app: productpage
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: productpage-v1
spec:
replicas: 1
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: productpage
version: v1
spec:
containers:
- name: productpage
image: istio/examples-bookinfo-productpage-v1:1.10.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- containerPort: 9080
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: details
labels:
app: details
spec:
ports:
- port: 9080
name: http
selector:
app: details
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: details-v1
spec:
replicas: 1
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: details
version: v1
spec:
containers:
- name: details
image: istio/examples-bookinfo-details-v1:1.10.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- containerPort: 9080
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: reviews
labels:
app: reviews
spec:
ports:
- port: 9080
name: http
selector:
app: reviews
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: reviews-v1
spec:
replicas: 1
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: reviews
version: v1
spec:
containers:
- name: reviews
image: istio/examples-bookinfo-reviews-v1:1.10.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- containerPort: 9080
EOF
</code></pre><h2 id=deploy-bookinfo-v2-and-v3-services-in-cluster2>Deploy <code>bookinfo</code> v2 and v3 services in <code>cluster2</code></h2><p>Run the <code>ratings</code> service and version <code>v2</code> and <code>v3</code> of the <code>reviews</code> service in <code>cluster2</code>:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl label --context=$CTX_CLUSTER2 namespace default istio-injection=enabled
$ kubectl apply --context=$CTX_CLUSTER2 -f - &lt;&lt;EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: ratings
labels:
app: ratings
spec:
ports:
- port: 9080
name: http
selector:
app: ratings
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: ratings-v1
spec:
replicas: 1
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: ratings
version: v1
spec:
containers:
- name: ratings
image: istio/examples-bookinfo-ratings-v1:1.10.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- containerPort: 9080
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: reviews
labels:
app: reviews
spec:
ports:
- port: 9080
name: http
selector:
app: reviews
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: reviews-v2
spec:
replicas: 1
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: reviews
version: v2
spec:
containers:
- name: reviews
image: istio/examples-bookinfo-reviews-v2:1.10.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- containerPort: 9080
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: reviews-v3
spec:
replicas: 1
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: reviews
version: v3
spec:
containers:
- name: reviews
image: istio/examples-bookinfo-reviews-v3:1.10.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- containerPort: 9080
EOF
</code></pre><h2 id=access-the-bookinfo-application>Access the <code>bookinfo</code> application</h2><p>Just like any application, we&rsquo;ll use an Istio gateway to access the <code>bookinfo</code> application.</p><ul><li><p>Create the <code>bookinfo</code> gateway in <code>cluster1</code>:</p><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.9/samples/bookinfo/networking/bookinfo-gateway.yaml>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply --context=$CTX_CLUSTER1 -f @samples/bookinfo/networking/bookinfo-gateway.yaml@
</code></pre></div></li><li><p>Follow the <a href=/v1.9/docs/examples/bookinfo/#determine-the-ingress-ip-and-port>Bookinfo sample instructions</a>
to determine the ingress IP and port and then point your browser to <code>http://$GATEWAY_URL/productpage</code>.</p></li></ul><p>You should see the <code>productpage</code> with reviews, but without ratings, because only <code>v1</code> of the <code>reviews</code> service
is running on <code>cluster1</code> and we have not yet configured access to <code>cluster2</code>.</p><h2 id=create-a-service-entry-and-destination-rule-on-cluster1-for-the-remote-reviews-service>Create a service entry and destination rule on <code>cluster1</code> for the remote reviews service</h2><p>As described in the <a href=https://istio.io/v1.6/docs/docs/setup/install/multicluster/gateways/#setup-dns>setup instructions</a>,
remote services are accessed with a <code>.global</code> DNS name. In our case, it&rsquo;s <code>reviews.default.global</code>,
so we need to create a service entry and destination rule for that host.
The service entry will use the <code>cluster2</code> gateway as the endpoint address to access the service.
You can use the gateway&rsquo;s DNS name, if it has one, or its public IP, like this:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ export CLUSTER2_GW_ADDR=$(kubectl get --context=$CTX_CLUSTER2 svc --selector=app=istio-ingressgateway \
-n istio-system -o jsonpath=&#34;{.items[0].status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}&#34;)
</code></pre><p>Now create the service entry and destination rule using the following command:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply --context=$CTX_CLUSTER1 -f - &lt;&lt;EOF
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: ServiceEntry
metadata:
name: reviews-default
spec:
hosts:
- reviews.default.global
location: MESH_INTERNAL
ports:
- name: http1
number: 9080
protocol: http
resolution: DNS
addresses:
- 240.0.0.3
endpoints:
- address: ${CLUSTER2_GW_ADDR}
labels:
cluster: cluster2
ports:
http1: 15443 # Do not change this port value
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
name: reviews-global
spec:
host: reviews.default.global
trafficPolicy:
tls:
mode: ISTIO_MUTUAL
subsets:
- name: v2
labels:
cluster: cluster2
- name: v3
labels:
cluster: cluster2
EOF
</code></pre><p>The address <code>240.0.0.3</code> of the service entry can be any arbitrary unallocated IP.
Using an IP from the class E addresses range 240.0.0.0/4 is a good choice.
Check out the
<a href=/v1.9/docs/setup/install/multicluster>gateway-connected multicluster example</a>
for more details.</p><p>Note that the labels of the subsets in the destination rule map to the service entry
endpoint label (<code>cluster: cluster2</code>) corresponding to the <code>cluster2</code> gateway.
Once the request reaches the destination cluster, a local destination rule will be used
to identify the actual pod labels (<code>version: v1</code> or <code>version: v2</code>) corresponding to the
requested subset.</p><h2 id=create-a-destination-rule-on-both-clusters-for-the-local-reviews-service>Create a destination rule on both clusters for the local reviews service</h2><p>Technically, we only need to define the subsets of the local service that are being used
in each cluster (i.e., <code>v1</code> in <code>cluster1</code>, <code>v2</code> and <code>v3</code> in <code>cluster2</code>), but for simplicity we&rsquo;ll
just define all three subsets in both clusters, since there&rsquo;s nothing wrong with defining subsets
for versions that are not actually deployed.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply --context=$CTX_CLUSTER1 -f - &lt;&lt;EOF
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
name: reviews
spec:
host: reviews.default.svc.cluster.local
trafficPolicy:
tls:
mode: ISTIO_MUTUAL
subsets:
- name: v1
labels:
version: v1
- name: v2
labels:
version: v2
- name: v3
labels:
version: v3
EOF
</code></pre><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply --context=$CTX_CLUSTER2 -f - &lt;&lt;EOF
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
name: reviews
spec:
host: reviews.default.svc.cluster.local
trafficPolicy:
tls:
mode: ISTIO_MUTUAL
subsets:
- name: v1
labels:
version: v1
- name: v2
labels:
version: v2
- name: v3
labels:
version: v3
EOF
</code></pre><h2 id=create-a-virtual-service-to-route-reviews-service-traffic>Create a virtual service to route reviews service traffic</h2><p>At this point, all calls to the <code>reviews</code> service will go to the local <code>reviews</code> pods (<code>v1</code>) because
if you look at the source code you will see that the <code>productpage</code> implementation is simply making
requests to <code>http://reviews:9080</code> (which expands to host <code>reviews.default.svc.cluster.local</code>), the
local version of the service.
The corresponding remote service is named <code>reviews.default.global</code>, so route rules are needed to
redirect requests to the global host.</p><div><aside class="callout tip"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#callout-tip"/></svg></div><div class=content>Note that if all of the versions of the <code>reviews</code> service were remote, so there is no local <code>reviews</code>
service defined, the DNS would resolve <code>reviews</code> directly to <code>reviews.default.global</code>. In that case
we could call the remote <code>reviews</code> service without any route rules.</div></aside></div><p>Apply the following virtual service to direct traffic for user <code>jason</code> to <code>reviews</code> versions <code>v2</code> and <code>v3</code> (<sup>50</sup>&frasl;<sub>50</sub>)
which are running on <code>cluster2</code>. Traffic for any other user will go to <code>reviews</code> version <code>v1</code>.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply --context=$CTX_CLUSTER1 -f - &lt;&lt;EOF
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
name: reviews
spec:
hosts:
- reviews.default.svc.cluster.local
http:
- match:
- headers:
end-user:
exact: jason
route:
- destination:
host: reviews.default.global
subset: v2
weight: 50
- destination:
host: reviews.default.global
subset: v3
weight: 50
- route:
- destination:
host: reviews.default.svc.cluster.local
subset: v1
EOF
</code></pre><div><aside class="callout tip"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#callout-tip"/></svg></div><div class=content>This 50/50 rule isn&rsquo;t a particularly realistic example. It&rsquo;s just a convenient way to demonstrate
accessing multiple subsets of a remote service.</div></aside></div><p>Return to your browser and login as user <code>jason</code>. If you refresh the page several times, you should see
the display alternating between black and red ratings stars (<code>v2</code> and <code>v3</code>). If you logout, you will
only see reviews without ratings (<code>v1</code>).</p><h2 id=summary>Summary</h2><p>In this article, we&rsquo;ve seen how to use Istio route rules to distribute the versions of a service
across clusters in a multicluster service mesh with a replicated control plane model.
In this example, we manually configured the <code>.global</code> service entry and destination rules needed to provide
connectivity to one remote service, <code>reviews</code>. In general, however, if we wanted to enable any service
to run either locally or remotely, we would need to create <code>.global</code> resources for every service.
Fortunately, this process could be automated and likely will be in a future Istio release.</p><nav id=see-also><h2>See also</h2><div class=see-also><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/blog/2020/multi-cluster-mesh-automation/>Multicluster Istio configuration and service discovery using Admiral</a></p><p class=desc>Automating Istio configuration for Istio deployments (clusters) that work as a single mesh.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/blog/2019/isolated-clusters/>Multi-Mesh Deployments for Isolation and Boundary Protection</a></p><p class=desc>Deploy environments that require isolation into separate meshes and enable inter-mesh communication by mesh federation.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/blog/2020/dns-proxy/>Expanding into New Frontiers - Smart DNS Proxying in Istio</a></p><p class=desc>Workload Local DNS resolution to simplify VM integration, multicluster, and more.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/blog/2020/alb-ingress-gateway-iks/>Direct encrypted traffic from IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service Ingress to Istio Ingress Gateway</a></p><p class=desc>Configure the IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service Application Load Balancer to direct traffic to the Istio Ingress gateway with mutual TLS.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/blog/2019/proxy/>Istio as a Proxy for External Services</a></p><p class=desc>Configure Istio ingress gateway to act as a proxy for external services.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/blog/2019/egress-traffic-control-in-istio-part-3/>Secure Control of Egress Traffic in Istio, part 3</a></p><p class=desc>Comparison of alternative solutions to control egress traffic including performance considerations.</p></div></div></nav></article><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="An overview of Istio 1.1 performance." href=/v1.9/blog/2019/istio1.1_perf/><svg class="icon left-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>Architecting Istio 1.1 for Performance</a></div><div class=right><a title="Announces the new Istio blog policy." href=/v1.9/blog/2019/sail-the-blog/>Sail the Blog!<svg class="icon right-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#right-arrow"/></svg></a></div></nav><div id=feedback><div id=feedback-initial>Was this information useful?<br><button class="btn feedback" onclick="sendFeedback('en',1)">Yes</button>
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